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line â on our right and left we can all hear them firing away as cheerfully as ever. The thing started last night â a bitter cold night, with white frost â soon after dusk when the
Germans started shouting 'Merry Christmas, Englishmen' to us. Of course our fellows shouted back and presently large numbers of both sides had left their trenches, unarmed, and met in the debatable, shot-riddled, no man's land between the lines. Here the agreement â all on their own â came to be made that we should not fire at each other until after midnight tonight. The men were all fraternizing in the middle (we naturally did not allow them too close to our line) and swapped cigarettes and lies in the utmost good fellowship. Not a shot was fired all night.
1313:'live and let live system'. Complicated local truces and agreements not to fire at each other were negotiated by men along the front throughout the war. These often began with agreement not to attack each other at tea, meal or washing times. In some places tacit agreements became so common that sections of the front would see few casualties for extended periods of time. This system, Ashworth argues, 'gave soldiers some control over the conditions of their existence'. The December 1914 Christmas Truces can therefore be seen as not unique but as the most dramatic example of the spirit of non-cooperation with the war that included refusals to fight, unofficial truces,
696:", where infantry close together would stop fighting and fraternise, engaging in conversation. In some sectors, there were occasional ceasefires to allow soldiers to go between the lines and recover wounded or dead comrades; in others, there was a tacit agreement not to shoot while men rested, exercised or worked in view of the enemy. The Christmas truces were particularly significant due to the number of men involved and the level of their participationâeven in quiet sectors, dozens of men openly congregating in daylight was remarkableâand are often seen as a symbolic moment of peace and humanity amidst one of the most violent conflicts in human history.
2319:. William Collins 2013. ("On Christmas Day in Galicia, Austrian troops were ordered not to fire unless provoked, and the Russians displayed the same restraint. Some of the besiegers of PrzemyĆl deposited three Christmas trees in no man's land with a polite accompanying note addressed to the enemy: 'We wish you, the heroes of PrzemyĆl, a Merry Christmas and hope that we can come to a peaceful agreement as soon as possible.' In no man's land, soldiers met and exchanged Austrian tobacco and schnapps for Russian bread and meat. When the Tsar's soldiers held their own seasonal festivities a few days later, Habsburg troops reciprocated.")
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Gervais
Morillon wrote to his parents "The Boches waved a white flag and shouted 'Kamarades, Kamarades, rendez-vous'. When we didn't move they came towards us unarmed, led by an officer. Although we are not clean they are disgustingly filthy. I am telling you this but don't speak of it to anyone. We must not mention it even to other soldiers". Gustave Berthier wrote "On Christmas Day the Boches made a sign showing they wished to speak to us. They said they didn't want to shoot. ... They were tired of making war, they were married like me, they didn't have any differences with the French but with the English".
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particularly London, and were familiar with the language and the society. Several
British soldiers recorded instances of Germans asking about news from the football leagues, while other conversations could be as banal as discussions of the weather or as plaintive as messages for a sweetheart. One unusual phenomenon that grew in intensity was music; in peaceful sectors, it was not uncommon for units to sing in the evenings, sometimes deliberately with an eye towards entertaining or gently taunting their opposite numbers. This shaded gently into more festive activity; in early December, Sir
1231:(Westphalian black bread), biscuits and ham. This suited them so well that they remained good friends even after Christmas was over". He was separated from the French troops by a narrow No Man's Land and described the landscape "Strewn with shattered trees, the ground ploughed up by shellfire, a wilderness of earth, tree-roots and tattered uniforms". Military discipline was soon restored but Schirrmann pondered over the incident and whether "thoughtful young people of all countries could be provided with suitable meeting places where they could get to know each other". He founded the
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2082:. William Collins 2013. ("Belgians likewise clambered out of their positions near Dixmude and spoke across the Yser canal to Germans whom they persuaded to post cards to their families in occupied territory. Some German officers appeared, and asked to see a Belgian field chaplain. The invaders then offered him a communion vessel found by their men during the battle for Dixmude, which was placed in a burlap bag attached to a rope tossed across the waterway. The Belgians pulled it to their own bank with suitable expressions of gratitude.")
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1242:, recorded that after a night of exchanging carols, dawn on Christmas Day saw a "rush of men from both sides... a feverish exchange of souvenirs" before the men were quickly called back by their officers, with offers to hold a ceasefire for the day and to play a football match. It came to nothing, as the brigade commander threatened repercussions for lack of discipline and insisted on a resumption of firing in the afternoon. Another member of Griffith's battalion,
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1246:, later recalled that one man had produced a football, resulting in "a free-for-all; there could have been 50 on each side", before they were ordered back. Another unnamed participant reported in a letter home: "The Germans seem to be very nice chaps, and said they were awfully sick of the war." In the evening, according to Robert Keating "The Germans were sending up star lights and singing â they stopped, so we cheered them & we began singing
875:, wrote a letter recalling that the Germans declared a truce for the day. One of his men bravely lifted his head above the parapet and others from both sides walked onto no man's land. Officers and men shook hands and exchanged cigarettes and cigars; one of his captains "smoked a cigar with the best shot in the German army", the latter no more than 18 years old. Congreve admitted he was reluctant to witness the truce for fear of German snipers.
1050:: "There are two references to a game being played on the British side, but nothing from the Germans. If somebody one day found a letter from a German soldier who was in that area, then we would have something credible". Lieutenant Kurt Zehmisch of the 134th Saxon Infantry Regiment said that the English "brought a soccer ball from their trenches, and pretty soon a lively game ensued. How marvellously wonderful, yet how strange it was". In 2011
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record a friendly visit from a German sergeant one morning "to see how we were getting on". Relations between French and German units were generally more tense but the same phenomenon began to emerge. In early
December, a German surgeon recorded a regular half-hourly truce each evening to recover dead soldiers for burial, during which French and German soldiers exchanged newspapers. This behaviour was often challenged by officers; lieutenant
906:. In the pipe is tobacco. Of course, you say. But wait. In the pipe is German tobacco. Haha, you say, from a prisoner or found in a captured trench. Oh dear, no! From a German soldier. Yes a live German soldier from his own trench. Yesterday the British & Germans met & shook hands in the Ground between the trenches, & exchanged souvenirs, & shook hands. Yes, all day Xmas day, & as I write. Marvellous, isn't it?
2034:. William Collins. 2013. ("On 24 December a Bavarian soldier named Carl MĂŒhlegg walked nine miles to Comines, where he purchased a small pine tree before returning to his unit in the line. He then played Father Christmas, inviting his company commander to light the tree candles and wish peace to comrades, to the German people and the world. After midnight in MĂŒhlegg's sector, German and French soldiers met in no man's land.")
2050:. William Collins 2013. ("Twenty-year-old Gervais Morillon wrote to his parents: 'The Boches waved a white flag and shouted "Kamarades, Kamarades, rendez-vous." When we didn't move they came towards us unarmed, led by an officer. Although we are not clean they are disgustingly filthy. I am telling you this but don't speak of it to anyone. We must not mention it even to other soldiers.' Morillon was killed in 1915.")
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snips, removed a couple of his buttons and put them in my pocket. I then gave him two of mine in exchange.... The last I saw was one of my machine gunners, who was a bit of an amateur hairdresser in civil life, cutting the unnaturally long hair of a docile Boche, who was patiently kneeling on the ground whilst the automatic clippers crept up the back of his neck.
2066:. William Collins 2013. ("Elsewhere twenty-five-year-old Gustave Berthier wrote: 'On Christmas day the Boches made a sign showing they wished to speak to us. They said they didn't want to shoot.... They were tired of making war, they were married like me, they didn't have any differences with the French but with the English.' Berthier perished in June 1917.")
1227:, wrote an account of events in December 1915, "When the Christmas bells sounded in the villages of the Vosges behind the lines... something fantastically unmilitary occurred. German and French troops spontaneously made peace and ceased hostilities; they visited each other through disused trench tunnels, and exchanged wine, cognac and cigarettes for
1102:, published in the neutral United States, on 31 December. The British papers quickly followed, printing numerous first-hand accounts from soldiers in the field, taken from letters home to their families and editorials on "one of the greatest surprises of a surprising war". By 8 January 1915, pictures had made their way to the press, and the
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machinegun fire and distant German voices. But there was a dead silence that morning, right across the land as far as you could see. We shouted 'Merry
Christmas', even though nobody felt merry. The silence ended early in the afternoon and the killing started again. It was a short peace in a terrible war.
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Of the
Germans he wrote: "They are distinctly bored with the war.... In fact, one of them wanted to know what on earth we were doing here fighting them." The truce in that sector continued into Boxing Day; he commented about the Germans, "The beggars simply disregard all our warnings to get down from
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Truces between
British and German units can be dated to early November 1914, around the time that the war of manoeuvre ended. Rations were brought up to the front line after dusk and soldiers on both sides noted a period of peace while they collected their food. By 1 December, a British soldier could
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regretting that the "absurdity and the tragedy" would begin again. Author Denis Winter argues that then "the censor had intervened" to prevent information about the spontaneous ceasefire from reaching the public and that the real dimension of the truce "only really came out when
Captain Chudleigh in
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Many units were reported in contemporary accounts to have taken part in games: Dash listed the 133rd Royal Saxon
Regiment pitched against "Scottish troops"; the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders against unidentified Germans (with the Scots reported to have won 4â1); the Royal Field Artillery against
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Friday (Christmas Day). We are having the most extraordinary
Christmas Day imaginable. A sort of unarranged and quite unauthorized but perfectly understood and scrupulously observed truce exists between us and our friends in front. The funny thing is it only seems to exist in this part of the battle
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The following year, a few units arranged ceasefires but the truces were not nearly as widespread as in 1914; this was, in part, due to strongly worded orders from commanders, prohibiting truces. Soldiers were no longer amenable to truce by 1916; the war had become increasingly bitter after the human
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Although the popular tendency has been to see the December 1914 Christmas Truces as unique and of romantic rather than political significance, they have also been interpreted as part of the widespread spirit of non-cooperation with the war. In his book on trench warfare, Tony Ashworth described the
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In December 1916 and 1917, German overtures to the British for truces were recorded without any success. In some French sectors, singing and an exchange of thrown gifts was occasionally recorded, though these may simply have reflected a seasonal extension of the live-and-let-live approach common in
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Fraternisationâpeaceful and sometimes friendly interactions between opposing forcesâwas a regular feature in quiet sectors of the Western Front. In some areas, both sides would refrain from aggressive behaviour, while in other cases it extended to regular conversation or even visits from one trench
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along the front line throughout the day; a small number of brief truces occurred despite the prohibition. On the German side, a general order from 29 December 1914 already forbade fraternisation with the enemy, warning German troops that "every approach to the enemy...will be punished as treason".
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The truth of the accounts has been disputed by some historians. In 1984 Malcolm Brown and Shirley Seaton concluded that there were probably attempts to play organised matches that failed owing to the state of the ground, but that the contemporary reports were either hearsay or refer to kick-abouts
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I wouldn't have missed that unique and weird Christmas Day for anything.... I spotted a German officer, some sort of lieutenant I should think, and being a bit of a collector, I intimated to him that I had taken a fancy to some of his buttons.... I brought out my wire clippers and, with a few deft
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Roughly 100,000 British and German troops were involved in the informal cessations of hostility along the Western Front. The Germans placed candles on their trenches and on Christmas trees, then continued the celebration by singing Christmas carols. The British responded by singing carols of their
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ensured that the only word that spread of the truce came from soldiers at the front or first-hand accounts told by wounded men in hospitals. The press was eventually forced to respond to the growing rumours by reprinting a government notice that fraternising with the enemy constituted treason. In
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I remember the silence, the eerie sound of silence. Only the guards were on duty. We all went outside the farm buildings and just stood listening. And, of course, thinking of people back home. All I'd heard for two months in the trenches was the hissing, cracking and whining of bullets in flight,
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In the Comines sector of the front there was an early fraternisation between German and French soldiers in December 1914, during a short truce, and there are at least two other testimonials from French soldiers of similar behaviour in sectors where German and French companies opposed each other.
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in the region fell silent. The truce also allowed a breathing spell during which recently killed soldiers could be brought back behind their lines by burial parties. Joint services were held. In many sectors the truce lasted through Christmas night, continuing until New Year's Day in others.
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The proximity of trench lines made it easy for soldiers to shout greetings to each other. This may have been the most common method of arranging informal truces in 1914. Men would frequently exchange news or greetings, helped by a common language; many German soldiers had lived in England,
1344:, a German soldier, accompanied by Christmas carols sung by his comrades, erects an illuminated Christmas tree between the trenches but is shot dead. Later, when his comrades find his body, they notice in horror that snipers have shot down every Christmas light from the tree.
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become accidentally involved in the fate of a British captain seemingly destined to die in No Man's Land in a standoff with a German soldier. The Twelfth Doctor sent him a few hours forward in time so that the start of the Christmas truce would prevent him from being
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Dear Mother, I am writing from the trenches. It is 11 o'clock in the morning. Beside me is a coke fire, opposite me a 'dug-out' (wet) with straw in it. The ground is sloppy in the actual trench, but frozen elsewhere. In my mouth is a pipe presented by the
806:, wrote of the "unfortunate consequences" when men "become familiar with their neighbours opposite". Other truces could be forced on both sides by bad weather, especially when trench lines flooded and these often lasted after the weather had cleared.
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The two sides continued by shouting Christmas greetings to each other. Soon thereafter, there were excursions across No Man's Land, where small gifts were exchanged, such as food, tobacco, alcohol, and souvenirs such as buttons and hats. The
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In December 1915, there were orders by the Allied commanders to forestall any repeat of the previous Christmas truce. Units were encouraged to mount raids and harass the opposing line, whilst communicating with the enemy was discouraged by
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on 1 January 1915, reporting "a football match... played between them and us in front of the trench". Similar stories have been told over the years, often naming units or the score. Some accounts of the game bring in elements of fiction by
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This photo is commonly mistaken as taking place during the 1914 Christmas truce. It is actually from 25 December 1915 near Thessaloniki, Greece. It shows British officers playing other ranks of the British 26th Divisional Ammunition
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early January an official statement on the truce was published, claiming it was restricted to the British sector of the front and amounted to little more than an exchange of songs, which quickly degenerated into shooting.
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released their single âChristmas Truceâ about the events of those fateful December days in 1914, followed 40 days later by an animated story video set to the song in cooperation with the animated history YouTube channel
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On the Eastern Front the first move originated from Austro-Hungarian commanders, at some uncertain level of the military hierarchy. The Russians responded positively and soldiers eventually met in no man's land.
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A German Lieutenant, Johannes Niemann, wrote "grabbed my binoculars and looking cautiously over the parapet saw the incredible sight of our soldiers exchanging cigarettes, schnapps and chocolate with the enemy".
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concluded that "there is plenty of evidence that football was played that Christmas Dayâmostly by men of the same nationality but in at least three or four places between troops from the opposing armies".
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2584:, which were arriving in France in late 1915 and early 1916. Griffith mentions Christmas Day was "the first time had seen no-man's land"; his men were possibly also on their first tour in the front line.
767:, on 7 December 1914, had begged for an official truce between the warring governments. He asked "that the guns may fall silent at least upon the night the angels sang", which was refused by both sides.
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by composer Kevin Puts and librettist Mark Campbell had its world premiere at the Ordway Theater, Saint Paul, Minnesota, on November 12, 2011. The libretto is based on the screenplay for the 2005 film
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918:' which we all, English, Scots, Irish, Prussians, WĂŒrttenbergers, etc, joined in. It was absolutely astounding, and if I had seen it on a cinematograph film I should have sworn that it was faked!"
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occurred five months after hostilities had begun. Lulls occurred in the fighting as armies ran out of men and munitions and commanders reconsidered their strategies following the stalemate of the
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was billeted in a farmhouse away from the front line. In a later interview (2003), Anderson, the last known surviving Scottish veteran of the war, vividly recalled Christmas Day and said:
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1034:, a British poet and writer (and an officer on the front at the time) who reconstructed the encounter in a story published in 1962; in Graves's version the score was 3â2 to the Germans.
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996:, where German and Belgian troops faced each other in December 1914, a truce was arranged at the request of Belgian soldiers who wished to send letters back to their families over the
665:. In the week leading up to 25 December, French, German and British soldiers crossed trenches to exchange seasonal greetings and talk. In some areas, men from both sides ventured into
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wrote that he was planning to organise a concert party for Christmas Day, which would "give the enemy every conceivable form of song in harmony" in response to frequent choruses of
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notes the Christmas truce, with the main character, Edmund Blackadder, recalling having played in a football match. He is still annoyed at having had a goal disallowed for offside.
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produced a short film for the 2014 Christmas season as an advertisement re-enacting the events of the Christmas truce, primarily following a young English soldier in the trenches.
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1513:, France, on 11 November 2008. At the spot where their regimental ancestors came out from their trenches to play football on Christmas Day 1914, men from the 1st Battalion, The
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recorded in his diary for Christmas Day that he had been "Invited to football match between Saxons and English on New Year's Day", but this does not appear to have taken place.
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1389:, took its inspiration from the Christmas Day Truce of 1914. The song was rerecorded by The Peace Collective for release in December 2014 to mark the centenary of the event.
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1915 but were warned off by the British opposite them. At Easter 1915 on the Eastern Front there were truces between Orthodox troops of opposing sides; the Bulgarian writer
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The 1997 song âBelleau Woodâ by Garth Brooks depicts soldiers leaving their trenches to sing carols together and braving the risk of being shot by their enemies to do so.
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from Altena (North Rhine Westphalia, Germany) ,the founder of the âJugendherbergeâ and a soldier in a German regiment holding a position on the Bernhardstein, one of the
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After 1914, sporadic attempts were made at seasonal truces; on the Western Front, for example, a German unit attempted to leave their trenches under a flag of truce on
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and singer Abby Scott produced the song, "1914 â The Carol of Christmas", to benefit British armed forces charities. At 5 December 2014, it had reached top of the
1046:, was also sceptical but says that although there is little evidence the most likely place that an organised match could have taken place was near the village of
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736:, the two sides made reciprocal outflanking manoeuvres and after several weeks, during which the British forces were withdrawn from the Aisne and sent north to
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printed front-page photographs of British and German troops mingling and singing between the lines. The tone of the reporting was strongly positive, with the
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Richard Schirrmann: The first youth hosteller: A biographical sketch by Graham Heath (1962, International Youth Hostel Association, Copenhagen, in English).
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A cross, left in Saint-Yves (Saint-Yvon â Ploegsteert; Comines-Warneton in Belgium) in 1999, to commemorate the site of the Christmas Truce. The text reads:
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The press of neutral Italy published a few articles on the events of the truce, usually reporting the articles of the foreign press. On 30 December 1914
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3629:(1977 animation TV special) 25 December 1914 segment inspired by the legendary Christmas Truce. Captain Hulse's letter narrated by David Jones.
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off their parapet, so things are at a deadlock. We can't shoot them in cold blood.... I cannot see how we can get them to return to business."
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reported incidents of spontaneous truces and fraternisation between the Austro-Hungarians and Russians in the first few weeks of the war.
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matches played in no man's land. This was mentioned in some of the earliest reports, with a letter written by a doctor attached to the
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1365:" tells the story of the 1914 truce through the eyes of a fictional soldier. Performing the song he met German veterans of the truce.
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The truces were not reported for a week, eventually being publicised to the masses when an unofficial press embargo was broken by
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ration tin as the ball. One recent writer has identified 29 reports of football though does not give substantive details. Colonel
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played a football match with the German Battalion 371. The Germans won 2â1. On 12 December 2014, a memorial was unveiled at the
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685:. Hostilities continued in some sectors, while in others the sides settled on little more than arrangements to recover bodies.
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for defying standing orders to the contrary. While he was found guilty and reprimanded, the punishment was annulled by General
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of 9 January 1915: "British and German Soldiers Arm-in-Arm Exchanging Headgear: A Christmas Truce between Opposing Trenches").
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1200:, witnessed one. It inspired his short story "Holy Night", translated into English in 2013 by Krastu Banaev. In November, a
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wrote on 7 December of the "lamentable" desire of French infantrymen to leave the enemy in peace, while the commander of
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In an adjacent sector, a short truce to bury the dead between the lines led to repercussions; a company commander, Sir
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The letter describing the events had been published after discovery by Staffordshire County Council's archive service.
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Der kleine Frieden im GroĂen Krieg: Westfront 1914: als Deutsche, Franzosen und Briten gemeinsam Weihnachten feierten
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Ashworth, Tony. 1980. Trench Warfare 1914â1918: The Live and Let Live System, Pan Grand Strategy. London: Macmillan.
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The Little Peace in the Great War Western Front 1914 when Germans, French and British celebrated Christmas Together
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Soldiers from both sides (the British and the German) exchange cheerful conversation (an artist's impression from
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and had left his girlfriend and a 3.5 hp motorcycle. Hulse described a sing-song which "ended up with '
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1405:), depicted through the eyes of French, British and German soldiers. The film, written and directed by
2128:"Peace on the Western Front, Goodwill in No Man's Land â The Story of the World War I Christmas Truce"
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to retrieve and bury their dead, during which opposing troops "exchang(ed) smiles and cigarettes".
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2595:"Bertie Felstead The last known survivor of no-man's-land football died on July 22, 2001 aged 106"
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Captain Sir Edward Hulse reported how the first interpreter he met from the German lines was from
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memorial was designed by a ten-year-old schoolboy, Spencer Turner, after a UK-wide competition.
1494:
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et cetera â we stopped and they cheered us. So we went on till the early hours of the morning".
732:
to economise on manpower and use the surplus to outflank, to the north, their opponents. In the
162:
2528:
Banaev, Krastu (translator). "Holy Night by Yordan Yovkov ". Sobornost 34, no. 1 (2013): 41â51.
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printed a report about fraternisation between the opposing trenches. The Florentine newspaper
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2926:"Joyeux Noel (Merry Christmas) (2005) A Christmas Truce Forged by Germans, French and Scots"
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British and German troops burying the bodies of those killed in the attack of 18 December
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3653:
3645:(An interactive visualisation of the Christmas truce as well as the evolution of trust)
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Coverage in Germany was less extensive than that of the British press while in France,
985:, a corporal in the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry, was also an opponent of the truce.
915:
872:
787:
729:
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199:
89:
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1639:
The Search for Negotiated Peace: Women's Activism and Citizen Diplomacy in World War I
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1698:"Remembering a Victory For Human Kindness â WWI's Puzzling, Poignant Christmas Truce"
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with made-up footballs such as a bully-beef tin. Chris Baker, former chairman of the
1031:
1022:
670:
211:
85:
3589:
Understanding the 1914 Christmas Truce and the evidence for football by Simon Jones.
2009:, 25 June 2003, under the headline "Scotland's Oldest Man turns 107", by John Innes.
1736:
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2005:
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982:
981:, issued orders forbidding friendly communication with the opposing German troops.
815:
5405:
5082:
5077:
2744:', Northumbria and Newcastle Universities Martin Luther King Peace Committee, 2014
677:
to mingle and exchange food and souvenirs. There were joint burial ceremonies and
3322:
The War the Infantry Knew 1914â1919: A Chronicle of Service in France and Belgium
1595:
1569:. He died on 21 November 2005, aged 109, nearly 91 years after the famous truce.
7029:
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6632:
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5311:
5291:
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28:
3385:
Riley, Jonathon (2017). "'Everyman's land': The Second Christmas Truce, 1915".
5153:
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3317:
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931:
3525:
3408:
2892:"Under-12 footballers commemorate 100th anniversary of Christmas Truce match"
1993:
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5395:
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5173:
5168:
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5138:
4464:
4097:
4092:
4067:
4023:
3963:
3814:
3690:
3638:
Newspaper articles and clippings about the Christmas Truce at Newspapers.com
3271:
Meeting in No Man's Land: Christmas 1914 and Fraternization in the Great War
2987:
James Fisher (5 December 2014). "Song inspired by Christmas truce of 1914".
2861:
2123:
1369:
1205:
1115:
1051:
856:
741:
692:
The truces were not unique to the Christmas period and reflected a mood of "
674:
654:
639:
5218:
4390:
2204:"Truce in the trenches was real, but football tales are a shot in the dark"
614:"1914 â The Khaki Chums Christmas Truce â 1999 â 85 Years â Lest We Forget"
2402:
Weintraub (2001), pp. 179â180. The "greatest surprises" quote is from the
1668:, Thomas Löwer, The Heritage of the Great War. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
7084:
5409:
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5072:
4972:
4469:
4423:
4164:
4018:
4003:
3938:
3923:
3912:
3146:
2724:, The Anzac Portal, Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs
1898:
1314:
737:
3400:
728:, the FrancoâBritish attacks were repulsed and both sides began digging
5344:
5339:
5244:
5208:
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911:
709:
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4306:
4276:
4062:
4008:
3789:
3295:
Brown, Malcolm (2005). "The Christmas truce 1914: The British Story".
1446:
1201:
939:
in January 1915, following his death in action on 30 December 1914:
3654:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
1565:. He served as part of the 1/5th Angus and Dundee Battalion of the
7252:
5148:
3834:
1493:
1303:
1179:
1060:
1007:
833:
752:
713:
607:
1323:
Petermann schlieĂt Frieden oder Das Gleichnis vom deutschen Opfer
747:
Before Christmas 1914, there were several peace initiatives. The
5370:
5034:
3752:
3147:"Prince William hails 'lasting memorial' to WW1 Christmas truce"
2804:"Folk singer brings 'Christmas in the Trenches' show to Seattle"
2384:. Northern France (published 31 December 1914). 30 December 1914
1330:
1156:
published a first-hand account about a football match played in
104:
5454:
3663:
2499:"Echi e riflessi della guerra a Berlino. Cortesie tra nemici".
108:
5450:
3006:"Sainsbury's Christmas advert recreates first world war truce"
2865:
2765:
The 12-year Reich: a social history of Nazi Germany, 1933â1945
2234:"First World War.com â Feature Articles â The Christmas Truce"
952:
On Christmas Eve and Christmas Day (24 and 25 December) 1914,
708:, French and British troops stopped the German attack through
3066:"Doctor Who: the real history of the WW1 Christmas day truce"
1561:
The last known living participant of the Christmas Truce was
3659:
3305:
Ferro, Marc (2005). "Russia: Fraternization and Revolution".
1692:
1690:
1597:
International Woman Suffrage: November 1914 â September 1916
3168:"Midway Village hosts a reenactment of the Christmas Truce"
2103:
3449:
The Christmas Truce: Myth, Memory, and the First World War
3421:
Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas truce
1327:
Petermann Makes Peace: or, The Parable of German Sacrifice
1120:
endorsing the "lack of malice" felt by both sides and the
2348:. London (published 31 December 1914). 30 December 1914.
1849:
1847:
1845:
929:, recalled in an edited letter that was published in the
3633:
Private Ronald Mackinnon letter from the truce of 1916.
2290:
Galloper Jack: A Grandson's Search for a Forgotten Hero
3514:
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
3202:
Trench Warfare 1914â1918: The Live-and-Let-Live System
1618:
International Woman Suffrage: Jus Suffragii, 1913â1920
1441:
Ahead of the centenary of the truce, English composer
720:
in early September 1914. The Germans fell back to the
2460:"La tregua di Natale 1914: echi e riflessi in Italia"
1196:, serving as an officer near the Greek border at the
842:
during the unofficial truce (British troops from the
1308:
British and German descendants of Great War veterans
7537:
7458:
7397:
7359:
7303:
7292:
7196:
7168:
7116:
7038:
7012:
6964:
6917:
6857:
6850:
6678:
6560:
6435:
6337:
6264:
6165:
6069:
6031:
5966:
5957:
5900:
5774:
5763:
5729:
5701:
5663:
5615:
5568:
5561:
5363:
5332:
5279:
5253:
5232:
5111:
5056:
5043:
4841:
4736:
4647:
4478:
4200:
4121:
4032:
3909:
3763:
2091:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1553:, has hosted re-enactments of the Christmas Truce.
1355:
depicts a fictional version of the Christmas truce.
95:
68:
60:
52:
3268:
3245:
3222:
3199:
2836:"Christmas in the Trenches | John McCutcheon"
2634:Riley (2017), p. 722; quoting letter published in
1737:"Fritz Kreisler. Four Weeks in the Trenches. 1915"
1372:", the final episode of the BBC television series
2687:Weintraub (2001), pp. 194â195; Brown (2005) p. 75
3142:
3140:
2862:"Blackadder Goes Forth. Plan F â Goodbyeee"
1480:On 29 October 2021 the Swedish heavy-metal band
1395:The truce is dramatised in the 2005 French film
6427:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
3094:"Sabaton Releases New Single 'Christmas Truce'"
1017:Many accounts of the truce involve one or more
962:
941:
899:
883:
2919:
2917:
2576:Brown (2005) pp. 75â76. The unit was the 15th
5466:
3675:
1899:"Bullets & Billets by Bruce Bairnsfather"
1149:
1141:
120:
8:
2555:
2427:
2415:
1415:Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
819:
689:losses suffered during the battles of 1915.
21:
3451:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1509:A Christmas truce memorial was unveiled in
7300:
7009:
6914:
6854:
5963:
5771:
5565:
5473:
5459:
5451:
5053:
3682:
3668:
3660:
2767:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 349.
2659:"How Christmas Truce led to court martial"
1942:"Henry Williamson and the Christmas Truce"
846:, 7th Division, BridouxâRouge Banc Sector)
127:
113:
105:
20:
1409:, was screened out of competition at the
16:Ceasefires along the Western Front of WWI
6716:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
3248:Christmas Truce: The Western Front, 1914
3244:Brown, Malcolm; Seaton, Shirley (1984).
3039:"Sainsbury's OFFICIAL Christmas 2014 Ad"
2657:Macdonald, Alastair (24 December 2014).
956:'s unit of the 1st/5th Battalion of the
937:Wellington Journal & Shrewsbury News
881:, who fought throughout the war, wrote:
638:) was a series of widespread unofficial
7093:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
3300:Cazals, RĂ©my (2005). "Good Neighbours".
3156:. BBC News. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
1578:
755:addressed "To the Women of Germany and
99:Temporary informal ceasefires in Europe
3310:Mueller, Olaf (2005). "Brother Boche".
1747:from the original on 11 September 2019
7046:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
6382:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
5012:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
3045:from the original on 12 November 2014
3018:from the original on 1 September 2019
2375:"Foes in Trenches Swap Pies for Wine"
2214:from the original on 21 December 2016
1567:Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)
1282:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
897:, wrote to his mother on Boxing Day:
893:, a nineteen-year-old private in the
838:British and German troops meeting in
7:
7450:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2968:from the original on 11 October 2012
2480:from the original on 17 October 2018
2355:from the original on 30 October 2021
2317:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
2080:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
2064:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
2048:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
2032:Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War
1168:on the front of the Argonne and the
759:", signed by a group of 101 British
7654:Military discipline and World War I
7379:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
6173:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2607:from the original on 16 August 2018
1925:(1992) p. 139, Guinness Publishing
1432:. In 2012 Kevin Puts was named the
863:On Christmas Day Brigadier-General
6112:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
3287:Originally published in French as
3229:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
2872:from the original on 24 March 2020
2735:Teaching the 1914 Christmas Truces
2292:. London: Macmillan. p. 188.
2183:The Truce: The Day the War Stopped
1970:"Seasons over the decades, 1914".
1883:"General's Letter from Trenches".
1659:"Demystifying the Christmas Truce"
1300:Legacy and historical significance
1044:The Truce: The Day the War Stopped
681:, while several meetings ended in
14:
7629:Christmas events and celebrations
3064:Ling, Thomas (26 December 2017).
2958:"Festival de Cannes: Joyeux Noël"
2938:from the original on 11 July 2012
2902:from the original on 10 July 2020
2838:. 19 October 2014. Archived from
2816:from the original on 24 June 2021
2669:from the original on 11 July 2020
2202:Stephen Moss (16 December 2014).
1523:Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
661:and the indecisive result of the
7649:GermanyâUnited Kingdom relations
6475:Second Battle of the Piave River
6097:Russian invasion of East Prussia
5433:
5432:
4888:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
4783:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
3535:Oh Holy Night: The Peace of 1914
3092:Blabbermouth (29 October 2021).
3037:Sainsbury's (12 November 2014).
3004:Smith, Mark (13 November 2014).
2924:Holden, Stephen (3 March 2006).
2339:"Fraternizing Between the Lines"
2244:from the original on 13 May 2021
2134:from the original on 27 May 2020
2104:Imperial War Museum Caption 2022
1696:David Brown (25 December 2004).
1204:unit briefly fraternised with a
998:German-occupied parts of Belgium
923:King's Shropshire Light Infantry
704:During the first eight weeks of
35:
7614:1914 in international relations
7546:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
6746:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2715:The Turkish attack, 19 May 1915
2580:, a battalion of the volunteer
1974:. 26 December 2014. p. 18.
1806:Catastrophe: Europe Goes To War
1793:Catastrophe: Europe Goes To War
1438:Winner in Music for this opera.
1333:writer and World War I veteran
1233:German Youth Hostel Association
7369:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
7228:Deportations from East Prussia
7025:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
4868:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
4797:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
4180:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3959:Legend of the Christmas Spider
3617:Simple Gifts: 25 December 1914
3252:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1887:. 5 December 2014. p. 12.
1858:"The Truce of Christmas, 1914"
1527:England national football team
1317:, strikes and peace protests.
1059:"Prussians and Hanovers" near
1:
7280:Ukrainian Canadian internment
4819:Christmas television specials
4718:The New Oxford Book of Carols
3805:Annunciation to the shepherds
3595:Christmas Miracle 1914 (Song)
3508:Riley, Jonathon (2017). "The
3225:1914: The Men Who Went to War
2537:Weintraub (2001), pp. 194â195
1912:. Retrieved 31 December 2009.
1678:"Miracles brighten Christmas"
1521:in Staffordshire, England by
1347:The video for the 1983 song "
7604:1914 in association football
7435:SazonovâPalĂ©ologue Agreement
6734:Estonian War of Independence
6402:Southern Palestine offensive
4873:Christmas and holiday season
3574:Resources in other libraries
3447:Blom Crocker, Terri (2015).
3267:Brown, Malcolm, ed. (2007).
2793:. Retrieved 18 November 2014
2763:Grunberger, Richard (1979).
2263:Review of Pehr Thermaenius,
1608:Taylor & Francis, 2003.
1413:, but was nominated for the
724:, where they dug in. In the
7389:USA against Austria-Hungary
6788:Turkish War of Independence
6740:Latvian War of Independence
6465:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
6056:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
3470:. New York: Mariner Books.
3363:Imperial War Museum Caption
2448:Weintraub (2001), pp. 73â75
1830:Ashworth (2000), pp. 138â39
1519:National Memorial Arboretum
1503:National Memorial Arboretum
1162:Italian occupation of Vlorë
597:Western Front tactics, 1917
44:The Illustrated London News
7682:
7472:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
7020:1899â1923 cholera pandemic
6480:Second Battle of the Marne
6367:Second battle of the Aisne
6236:Second Battle of Champagne
6077:German invasion of Belgium
3785:Adoration of the Shepherds
3605:It Started In Ypres (Poem)
2467:QF. Quaderni di Farestoria
2458:Cutolo, Francesco (2015).
2328:Weintraub (2001), pp. 157.
2003:, originally published in
1976:Article by Toby Neal. The
1765:Ashworth (2000), pp. 21â22
1722:Ashworth (2000), pp. 18â20
1284:(ANZAC) and troops of the
925:, who was attached to the
774:
7578:
7253:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
6782:Irish War of Independence
6525:Armistice of Villa Giusti
6510:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
6122:First Battle of the Marne
5488:
5428:
5029:WWE Tribute to the Troops
4790:A Visit from St. Nicholas
4711:The Oxford Book of Carols
4287:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3850:Massacre of the Innocents
3699:
3625:â R.O. Blechman presents
3569:Resources in your library
3533:Snow, Michael C. (2009).
3493:]. Munich: Goldmann.
3466:Eksteins, Modris (2000).
1411:2005 Cannes Film Festival
1363:Christmas in the Trenches
1261:of the Scots Guards, was
1040:Western Front Association
751:was a public message for
726:First Battle of the Aisne
718:First Battle of the Marne
144:
34:
26:
7619:1914 in military history
7405:Constantinople Agreement
6698:ArmenianâAzerbaijani War
6561:Co-belligerent conflicts
6530:Second Romanian campaign
6500:Third Transjordan attack
6211:GorliceâTarnĂłw offensive
6117:Battle of Grand Couronné
4831:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
3512:Christmas Truce, 1915".
2720:17 November 2019 at the
2696:Weintraub (2001), p. 198
2439:Weintraub (2001), p. 179
2092:Imperial War Museum 2022
1999:17 December 2005 at the
1960:Regan, 1992, pp. 140â142
1812:. William Collins 2013.
1804:Ashworth (2000), p. 36;
1795:. William Collins 2013.
1464:2017 Christmas Special "
7468:Modus vivendi of Acroma
7420:BulgariaâGermany treaty
6728:Greater Poland Uprising
6628:National Protection War
6505:MeuseâArgonne offensive
6455:German spring offensive
6450:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
6226:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
6201:Second Battle of Artois
6082:Battle of the Frontiers
4993:Small Business Saturday
4863:Black Friday (shopping)
4858:Black Friday (partying)
4352:Nine Lessons and Carols
4282:Events and celebrations
3485:Michael, JĂŒrgs (2005).
3221:Brown, Malcolm (2004).
3198:Ashworth, Tony (2000).
2740:18 October 2014 at the
2514:"Football tra nemici".
2271:30 October 2021 at the
1904:11 October 2020 at the
1774:Ashworth (2000), p. 22.
1585:Brown (2005), pp. 13â15
1071:, with the detail of a
744:to the Swiss frontier.
650:around Christmas 1914.
485:German spring offensive
7493:Paris Peace Conference
7481:UkraineâCentral Powers
7275:Massacres of Albanians
7243:Late Ottoman genocides
7050:Bulgarian occupations
6758:Third Anglo-Afghan War
6722:HungarianâRomanian War
6540:Naval Victory Bulletin
6535:Armistice with Germany
6485:Hundred Days Offensive
6412:Battle of La Malmaison
6362:Second battle of Arras
6329:Battle of Transylvania
6183:Second Battle of Ypres
6051:Sarajevo assassination
5940:South African Republic
4637:Post-War United States
3643:The evolution of trust
3166:Tumilowicz, Danielle.
2778:"When peace broke out"
1944:, henrywilliamson.com
1863:10 August 2020 at the
1839:Ashworth (2000), p. 27
1821:Ashworth (2000), p. 33
1506:
1309:
1273:, the Prime Minister.
1248:Land of Hope and Glory
1185:
1170:earthquake in Avezzano
1150:
1142:
1129:wrote after the war."
1014:
967:
946:
921:Captain Robert Miles,
908:
888:
847:
844:Northumberland Hussars
822:Deutschland Ăber Alles
820:
635:
627:
623:
615:
7503:Treaty of St. Germain
7476:RussiaâCentral Powers
7430:SykesâPicot Agreement
7258:Pontic Greek genocide
7233:Destruction of Kalisz
7209:Eastern Mediterranean
6770:PolishâLithuanian War
6552:Armistice of Belgrade
6515:Armistice of Salonica
6445:Operation Faustschlag
6392:Third Battle of Oituz
6314:Baranovichi offensive
6282:Lake Naroch offensive
6256:Battle of Robat Karim
6231:VistulaâBug offensive
6206:Battles of the Isonzo
6137:First Battle of Ypres
4686:Hit singles in the US
4681:Hit singles in the UK
4242:Carols by Candlelight
4170:Santa Claus' daughter
3778:Adoration of the Magi
3275:. London: Constable.
2783:26 April 2019 at the
2705:Cazals (2005), p. 125
2578:Royal Welch Fusiliers
1515:Royal Welch Fusiliers
1497:
1375:Blackadder Goes Forth
1307:
1240:Llewelyn Wyn Griffith
1183:
1011:
869:18th Infantry Brigade
837:
749:Open Christmas Letter
663:First Battle of Ypres
611:
7644:December 1914 events
7498:Treaty of Versailles
7214:Mount Lebanon famine
7129:in the United States
7097:Russian occupations
6811:TurkishâArmenian War
6752:PolishâUkrainian War
6692:UkrainianâSoviet War
6639:Central Asian Revolt
6422:Armistice of FocÈani
6152:Battle of Sarikamish
6102:Battle of Tannenberg
5498:Military engagements
4978:Santa's Candy Castle
4302:Google Santa Tracker
3610:Christmas Truce 1914
3388:Welsh History Review
3291:, 2005; containing:
3289:FrÚres des Tranchées
3152:12 July 2020 at the
3119:"Frelinghien Plaque"
3053:– via YouTube.
2812:. 12 December 2014.
2647:Riley (2017), p. 720
2625:Riley (2017), p. 717
2168:Brown & Seaton,
1948:27 June 2019 at the
1856:(25 December 2005).
1703:12 July 2020 at the
1682:Harrison Daily Times
1664:12 June 2020 at the
1637:Patterson, David S.
1541:Annual re-enactments
1385:" by Liverpool band
1065:Lancashire Fusiliers
975:Horace Smith-Dorrien
895:London Rifle Brigade
763:at the end of 1914.
761:women's suffragettes
712:into France outside
592:French Army mutinies
587:1914 Christmas truce
357:Hohenzollern Redoubt
7565:They shall not pass
7488:Treaty of Bucharest
7445:Treaty of Bucharest
7384:USA against Germany
7361:Declarations of war
7065:German occupations
6978:British casualties
6837:SovietâGeorgian War
6764:Egyptian Revolution
6704:Armeno-Georgian War
6568:Somaliland campaign
6520:Armistice of Mudros
6397:Battle of Caporetto
6387:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
6357:Zimmermann telegram
6352:February Revolution
6297:Battle of the Somme
6221:Bug-Narew Offensive
6196:Battle of Gallipoli
6188:Sinking of the RMS
5980:Scramble for Africa
5974:Franco-Prussian War
5630:Sinai and Palestine
4983:Santa Claus Village
4898:Christmas Mountains
4804:Journey of the Magi
3810:Baptism of the Lord
3468:The Rites of Spring
3401:10.16922/whr.28.4.5
3371:Imperial War Museum
3348:Imperial War Museum
3340:Imperial War Museum
3318:Dunn, Captain J. C.
3125:on 28 December 2009
2962:Festival-cannes.com
2503:. 30 December 1914.
2501:Corriere della Sera
2404:South Wales Gazette
2265:The Christmas Match
2172:(1984); pp. 136â139
2157:Goodbye to All That
2130:. Smithsonian.com.
2018:Regan, 1992, p. 111
1994:Interview from 2003
1710:The Washington Post
1684:, 24 December 2009.
1641:. Routledge, 2008.
1604:19 May 2020 at the
1164:, the debut of the
1144:Corriere della Sera
977:, commander of the
867:, commander of the
782:to another. On the
581:Associated articles
298:Hartmannswillerkopf
158:Invasion of Belgium
56:24â26 December 1914
23:
22:The Christmas Truce
7525:Treaty of Lausanne
7440:Paris Economy Pact
7374:UK against Germany
7304:Entry into the war
7270:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
6989:Ottoman casualties
6799:Franco-Turkish War
6679:Post-War conflicts
6663:Russian Revolution
6645:Invasion of Darfur
6610:Kelantan rebellion
6598:Kurdish rebellions
6574:Mexican Revolution
6407:October Revolution
6372:Kerensky offensive
6347:Capture of Baghdad
6324:Monastir offensive
6309:Brusilov offensive
6147:Battle of Kolubara
5986:Russo-Japanese War
5093:Twelve-dish supper
4943:Jews and Christmas
4893:Christmas Lectures
4622:American Civil War
4357:NORAD Tracks Santa
3733:Saint Nicholas Day
3423:. London: Pocket.
3417:Weintraub, Stanley
3324:. London: Abacus.
2931:The New York Times
2842:on 19 October 2014
2636:Wrexham Advertiser
2406:on 1 January 1915.
2382:The New York Times
2346:The New York Times
2185:, Amberley, 2014,
1982:Wellington Journal
1923:Military Anecdotes
1870:The New York Times
1854:Thomas Vinciguerra
1620:, Sybil Oldfield,
1551:Rockford, Illinois
1535:Football Remembers
1507:
1499:Football Remembers
1310:
1221:Richard Schirrmann
1214:artillery barrages
1186:
1099:The New York Times
1015:
927:Royal Irish Rifles
879:Bruce Bairnsfather
848:
616:
7591:
7590:
7574:
7573:
7558:The Golden Virgin
7552:Mutilated victory
7533:
7532:
7513:Treaty of Trianon
7508:Treaty of Neuilly
7415:Damascus Protocol
7288:
7287:
7248:Armenian genocide
7205:Allied blockades
7177:Belgian refugees
6960:
6959:
6870:Strategic bombing
6846:
6845:
6831:Franco-Syrian War
6805:Greco-Turkish War
6793:Anglo-Turkish War
6776:PolishâSoviet War
6710:German Revolution
6686:Russian Civil War
6669:Finnish Civil War
6495:Battle of Megiddo
6470:Battle of Goychay
6417:Battle of Cambrai
6377:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
6292:Battle of Jutland
6272:Erzurum offensive
6127:Siege of PrzemyĆl
6107:Siege of Tsingtao
6092:Battle of Galicia
6022:Second Balkan War
6010:Italo-Turkish War
5967:Pre-War conflicts
5953:
5952:
5843:Portuguese Empire
5759:
5758:
5721:German New Guinea
5703:Asian and Pacific
5448:
5447:
5424:
5423:
5088:Thirteen desserts
5008:Virginia O'Hanlon
4853:Advent Conspiracy
4767:Films (Christmas,
4759:A Christmas Carol
4704:Carols for Choirs
4247:Cavalcade of Magi
4227:Boar's Head Feast
3896:Star of Bethlehem
3867:Nativity of Jesus
3855:flight into Egypt
3740:St. Stephen's Day
3648:Alexandre Lafon:
3555:Library resources
3544:978-1-61623-080-7
3537:. Evangel Press.
3477:978-0-395-93758-7
3458:978-0-8131-6615-5
3282:978-1-84529-513-4
2809:The Seattle Times
2638:, 9 January 1915.
2603:. 2 August 2001.
2556:Blom Crocker 2015
2518:. 3 January 1915.
2428:Blom Crocker 2015
2416:Blom Crocker 2015
2238:Firstworldwar.com
1921:Regan, Geoffrey.
1910:Project Gutenberg
1594:Oldfield, Sybil.
1466:Twice Upon a Time
1321:In the 1933 play
871:, stationed near
796:Charles de Gaulle
777:Live and let live
694:live and let live
624:Weihnachtsfrieden
605:
604:
431:Nivelle offensive
205:Trouée de Charmes
103:
102:
7671:
7518:Treaty of SĂšvres
7410:Treaty of London
7301:
7079:Northeast France
7010:
6982:Parliamentarians
6915:
6877:Chemical weapons
6855:
6616:Senussi campaign
6586:Muscat rebellion
6580:Maritz rebellion
6548:
6490:Vardar offensive
6319:Battle of Romani
6287:Battle of Asiago
6277:Battle of Verdun
6241:Kosovo offensive
6016:First Balkan War
5964:
5863:Russian Republic
5772:
5566:
5508:Economic history
5475:
5468:
5461:
5452:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5271:Redcurrant sauce
5060:
5054:
5049:
5023:Winter festivals
4773:Christmas horror
4740:
4651:
4482:
4337:Meals and feasts
4257:Christmas jumper
4204:
4175:Santa's reindeer
4127:
4073:Father Christmas
4037:
3994:Santa's workshop
3915:
3877:in later culture
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3693:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3661:
3619:
3596:
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3529:
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3481:
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3434:
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3381:
3379:
3377:
3358:
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3311:
3306:
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3296:
3286:
3274:
3263:
3251:
3240:
3228:
3217:
3205:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3170:. Archived from
3163:
3157:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3121:. Archived from
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3098:Blabbermouth.net
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3061:
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2538:
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2529:
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2520:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2394:
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2391:
2389:
2379:
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2354:
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2320:
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2282:
2276:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2150:
2144:
2143:
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2139:
2120:
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2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
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2067:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2035:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
1991:
1985:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1919:
1913:
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1890:
1888:
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1694:
1685:
1675:
1669:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1505:in Staffordshire
1501:memorial at the
1449:Christmas chart.
1407:Christian Carion
1383:All Together Now
1343:
1280:On 24 May 1915,
1263:court-martialled
1225:Vosges Mountains
1166:Garibaldi Legion
1155:
1147:
1134:press censorship
1092:Public awareness
1004:Football matches
891:Henry Williamson
825:
765:Pope Benedict XV
544:St Quentin Canal
139:
129:
122:
115:
106:
39:
24:
7681:
7680:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7634:Christmas truce
7609:1914 in Belgium
7594:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7570:
7529:
7461:
7454:
7425:Treaty of Darin
7393:
7355:
7311:Austria-Hungary
7297:
7284:
7265:Rape of Belgium
7192:
7164:
7112:
7106:Western Armenia
7101:Eastern Galicia
7034:
7008:
6972:
6971:Civilian impact
6970:
6956:
6913:
6842:
6674:
6604:Ovambo Uprising
6556:
6542:
6431:
6333:
6260:
6178:Battle of ĆomĆŒa
6161:
6157:Christmas truce
6132:Race to the Sea
6065:
6027:
5949:
5920:Austria-Hungary
5896:
5831:Empire of Japan
5768:
5766:
5755:
5739:U-boat campaign
5725:
5697:
5659:
5611:
5557:
5538:Popular culture
5484:
5479:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5420:
5386:Pickled herring
5359:
5328:
5275:
5266:Cranberry sauce
5249:
5228:
5204:Red velvet cake
5189:Poppy seed roll
5107:
5058:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5018:White Christmas
4908:Christmas truce
4903:Christmas seals
4883:Christmas creep
4845:
4843:
4837:
4738:
4732:
4649:
4643:
4480:
4474:
4327:Lord of Misrule
4262:Christmas Peace
4212:Advent calendar
4202:
4196:
4145:Knecht Ruprecht
4125:
4123:
4117:
4039:
4035:
4028:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3830:Herod the Great
3765:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3650:Christmas Truce
3615:
3594:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3563:
3562:
3560:Christmas truce
3558:
3551:
3545:
3532:
3507:
3501:
3484:
3478:
3465:
3459:
3446:
3442:
3440:Further reading
3437:
3431:
3415:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3361:
3352:
3350:
3338:
3332:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3283:
3266:
3260:
3243:
3237:
3220:
3214:
3206:. London: Pan.
3197:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3174:on 4 March 2016
3165:
3164:
3160:
3154:Wayback Machine
3145:
3138:
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3019:
3003:
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2998:
2990:Shropshire Star
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2896:1.skysports.com
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2785:Wayback Machine
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2742:Wayback Machine
2732:
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2722:Wayback Machine
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2170:Christmas Truce
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2013:
2001:Wayback Machine
1992:
1988:
1978:Shropshire Star
1972:Shropshire Star
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1950:Wayback Machine
1940:
1936:
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1906:Wayback Machine
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1885:Shropshire Star
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1865:Wayback Machine
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1733:Kreisler, Fritz
1731:
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1705:Wayback Machine
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1657:
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1606:Wayback Machine
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1563:Alfred Anderson
1559:
1543:
1492:
1474:Twelfth Doctors
1403:Merry Christmas
1359:John McCutcheon
1337:
1335:Heinz Steguweit
1302:
1244:Bertie Felstead
1178:
1094:
1085:
1025:, published in
1006:
954:Alfred Anderson
865:Walter Congreve
832:
779:
773:
734:Race to the Sea
702:
659:Race to the Sea
648:First World War
620:Christmas truce
613:
606:
601:
578:
382:Vimy Ridge 1916
259:Race to the Sea
227:1st St. Quentin
149:
140:
135:
133:
82:Austria-Hungary
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7679:
7678:
7675:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7659:Military sport
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7596:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7561:
7554:
7549:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7490:
7485:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7470:
7464:
7462:
7460:Peace treaties
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7346:United Kingdom
7343:
7338:
7336:Ottoman Empire
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7298:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7240:
7238:Sack of Dinant
7235:
7230:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7202:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7186:United Kingdom
7183:
7174:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7146:
7140:POW locations
7138:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7122:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7095:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6991:
6986:
6985:
6984:
6975:
6973:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6940:United Kingdom
6937:
6935:Ottoman Empire
6932:
6927:
6921:
6919:
6912:
6911:
6909:Trench warfare
6906:
6905:
6904:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6861:
6859:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6731:
6725:
6719:
6713:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6630:
6625:
6622:Volta-Bani War
6619:
6613:
6607:
6601:
6595:
6589:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6460:Zeebrugge Raid
6457:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
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6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6251:Battle of Loos
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6142:Black Sea raid
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6044:Historiography
6035:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5998:Bosnian Crisis
5995:
5992:Tangier Crisis
5989:
5983:
5977:
5970:
5968:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5925:Ottoman Empire
5922:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5902:Central Powers
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5885:British Empire
5880:United Kingdom
5877:
5872:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5858:Russian Empire
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5776:Entente Powers
5769:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5744:North Atlantic
5735:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5655:Central Arabia
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5617:Middle Eastern
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5592:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5574:
5572:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5518:Historiography
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5470:
5463:
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5446:
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5443:
5442:
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5413:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
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5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5317:Smoking Bishop
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
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5255:
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5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
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5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
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5186:
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5176:
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5161:
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5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
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5100:
5095:
5090:
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5080:
5075:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5051:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5005:
5000:
4998:Super Saturday
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4928:Giving Tuesday
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4878:Christmas club
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4776:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4744:
4742:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:Piae Cantiones
4721:
4714:
4707:
4697:
4691:Music charts (
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4655:
4653:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
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4614:
4609:
4604:
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4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
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4349:
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4339:
4334:
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4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
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4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:PĂšre Fouettard
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4126:Saint Nicholas
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Grandpa Indian
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4046:Saint Nicholas
4042:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Old Man Winter
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Miner's figure
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Kallikantzaros
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3884:Nativity scene
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3719:Children's Day
3715:
3708:
3705:Blue Christmas
3700:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3591:
3584:
3583:External links
3581:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3564:
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2627:
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2586:
2569:
2560:
2558:, p. 105.
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2506:
2491:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2430:, p. 192.
2420:
2408:
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2255:
2225:
2194:
2191:978-1445634906
2174:
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2011:
1986:
1962:
1953:
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1914:
1891:
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1651:
1630:
1616:. Volume 2 of
1587:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1558:
1555:
1547:Midway Village
1542:
1539:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1456:
1450:
1439:
1435:Pulitzer Prize
1418:
1393:
1390:
1379:
1366:
1361:'s 1984 song "
1356:
1353:Paul McCartney
1349:Pipes of Peace
1345:
1329:), written by
1301:
1298:
1286:Ottoman Empire
1277:the trenches.
1259:Iain Colquhoun
1252:Men of Harlech
1238:An account by
1177:
1174:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1077:J. E. B. Seely
1042:and author of
1005:
1002:
916:Auld lang syne
873:Neuve Chapelle
831:
830:Christmas 1914
828:
804:Victor d'Urbal
788:Fritz Kreisler
775:Main article:
772:
771:Fraternisation
769:
701:
698:
679:prisoner swaps
603:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
577:
576:
574:Lys and Escaut
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
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531:
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521:
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515:
514:
509:
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369:
364:
359:
354:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
321:
320:
310:
305:
303:Neuve Chapelle
300:
295:
284:
283:
278:
276:Winter actions
273:
272:
271:
266:
256:
251:
246:
241:
239:Grand Couronné
236:
231:
230:
229:
224:
219:
209:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
177:
176:
175:
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165:
155:
145:
142:
141:
134:
132:
131:
124:
117:
109:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
90:Russian Empire
74:United Kingdom
72:Soldiers from
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
40:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7677:
7676:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
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7622:
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7615:
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7607:
7605:
7602:
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7463:
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7380:
7377:
7375:
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7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7352:
7351:United States
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
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7309:
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7299:
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6990:
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6983:
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6963:
6953:
6952:United States
6950:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6902:Convoy system
6900:
6899:
6898:
6897:Naval warfare
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6657:Kaocen revolt
6655:
6652:
6651:Easter Rising
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6336:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6216:Great Retreat
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:Battle of Cer
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6004:Agadir Crisis
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5892:United States
5890:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5809:French Empire
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5762:
5752:
5751:Mediterranean
5749:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5731:Naval warfare
5728:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5607:Italian Front
5605:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5595:Eastern Front
5593:
5591:
5590:Western Front
5588:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Puppet states
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5441:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:Meat and fish
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:Hot chocolate
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:Ugly sweaters
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Controversies
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4748:In literature
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:United States
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:Moravian star
4345:
4343:
4342:Midnight Mass
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Candle arches
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Advent wreath
4220:
4218:
4217:Advent candle
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4124:Companions of
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:Gift-bringers
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3908:
3902:
3901:Twelfth Night
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Nativity Fast
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Christmastide
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:Angel Gabriel
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:Biblical Magi
3771:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3726:Christmas Eve
3723:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3500:3-442-15303-4
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3430:0-684-86622-6
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3395:(4): 711â22.
3394:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3372:
3368:
3367:"IWM Q 31574"
3364:
3360:
3349:
3345:
3344:"IWM Q 31576"
3341:
3337:
3333:
3331:0-349-10635-5
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3238:
3236:0-283-07323-3
3232:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2993:. p. 12.
2992:
2991:
2983:
2980:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:The Economist
2596:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2418:, p. 90.
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:Scott, Brough
2281:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:Robert Graves
2149:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:replaced the
1979:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:0-85112-519-0
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:0-415-96142-4
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:0-415-25736-0
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:0-415-25738-7
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1557:Last survivor
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
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1479:
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1471:
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1444:
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1419:
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1404:
1400:
1399:
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1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:H. H. Asquith
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:Yordan Yovkov
1191:
1190:Easter Sunday
1182:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:no man's land
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1083:Eastern Front
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1032:Robert Graves
1028:
1024:
1023:Rifle Brigade
1020:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
986:
984:
980:
976:
971:
966:
961:
959:
955:
950:
945:
940:
938:
934:
933:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
907:
905:
904:Princess Mary
898:
896:
892:
887:
882:
880:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
858:
852:
845:
841:
840:no man's land
836:
829:
827:
824:
823:
817:
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
785:
784:Eastern Front
778:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
697:
695:
690:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:Christmas Day
672:
671:Christmas Eve
668:
667:no man's land
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
644:Western Front
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:TrĂȘve de NoĂ«l
625:
621:
610:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
582:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:Meuse-Argonne
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:
488:
487:
486:
483:
482:
481:
480:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Passchendaele
461:
459:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
429:
427:
426:
422:
420:
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416:
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408:
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403:
400:
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385:
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380:
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375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
347:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
325:2nd Champagne
323:
319:
316:
315:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:1st Champagne
291:
290:
289:
288:
282:
279:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
213:
212:Great Retreat
210:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
148:
143:
138:
137:Western Front
130:
125:
123:
118:
116:
111:
110:
107:
98:
94:
91:
87:
86:German Empire
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
45:
38:
33:
30:
25:
19:
7563:
7556:
7544:
7151: /
7083:
6918:Conscription
6882:Cryptography
6819:Iraqi Revolt
6246:Siege of Kut
6189:
6156:
5767:participants
5716:German Samoa
5650:South Arabia
5376:Gefilte fish
5324:Ponche crema
5159:Melomakarono
5027:
4918:Cyber Monday
4907:
4823:
4788:
4757:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4699:Music books
4692:
4530:Nazi Germany
4422:
4418:Secret Santa
4405:
4292:Flying Santa
3999:TiĂł de Nadal
3949:Korvatunturi
3800:Annunciation
3766:Christianity
3747:Sol Invictus
3627:Simple Gifts
3626:
3616:
3559:
3534:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3490:
3486:
3467:
3448:
3420:
3392:
3386:
3374:. Retrieved
3351:. Retrieved
3321:
3288:
3270:
3247:
3224:
3201:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:the original
3161:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:the original
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3097:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3032:
3020:. Retrieved
3011:The Guardian
3009:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2961:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2929:
2904:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:the original
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2790:The Guardian
2788:
2773:
2764:
2758:
2749:
2729:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2662:
2652:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2598:
2589:
2572:
2563:
2551:
2546:Riley (2017)
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2470:
2466:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2381:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2345:
2333:
2324:
2316:
2313:Max Hastings
2308:
2289:
2280:
2264:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2237:
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2208:The Guardian
2207:
2197:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2099:
2087:
2079:
2076:Max Hastings
2071:
2063:
2060:Max Hastings
2055:
2047:
2044:Max Hastings
2039:
2031:
2028:Max Hastings
2023:
2014:
2006:The Scotsman
2004:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1937:
1922:
1917:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1868:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1810:Max Hastings
1805:
1800:
1792:
1789:Max Hastings
1770:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1740:
1727:
1718:
1708:
1681:
1673:
1654:
1638:
1633:
1617:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1560:
1544:
1534:
1508:
1498:
1459:
1433:
1427:
1423:Silent Night
1421:
1402:
1396:
1373:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1294:9-hour truce
1292:agreed to a
1279:
1275:
1267:Douglas Haig
1256:
1237:
1229:Pumpernickel
1219:
1210:
1187:
1176:Later truces
1139:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1057:
1043:
1036:
1026:
1016:
991:
987:
983:Adolf Hitler
973:General Sir
972:
968:
963:
951:
947:
942:
936:
930:
920:
909:
900:
889:
884:
877:
862:
853:
849:
816:Scots Guards
812:Edward Hulse
808:
792:
780:
746:
722:Aisne valley
703:
691:
687:
652:
636:Kerstbestand
619:
617:
586:
580:
579:
539:Saint-Mihiel
507:Belleau Wood
490:
478:
477:
468:La Malmaison
424:
412:
411:
377:Kink Salient
345:
344:
340:Gas: Wieltje
286:
285:
146:
69:Participants
42:
18:
7664:World War I
7181:Netherlands
7158:Switzerland
7039:Occupations
7030:Spanish flu
6807:(1919â1922)
6801:(1918â1921)
6795:(1918â1923)
6784:(1919â1921)
6778:(1919â1921)
6772:(1919â1920)
6748:(1918â1920)
6742:(1918â1920)
6736:(1918â1920)
6718:(1918â1920)
6700:(1918â1920)
6694:(1917â1921)
6688:(1917â1921)
6635:(1916-1918)
6633:Arab Revolt
6624:(1915â1917)
6618:(1915â1917)
6606:(1914-1917)
6600:(1914â1917)
6594:(1914â1921)
6588:(1913â1920)
6576:(1910â1920)
6570:(1900â1920)
6543: [
6061:July Crisis
5982:(1880â1914)
5645:Mesopotamia
5523:Home fronts
5482:World War I
5391:Roast goose
5312:Mulled wine
5292:Champurrado
5287:Apple cider
5261:Bread sauce
5214:Szaloncukor
5194:Pumpkin pie
5144:Gingerbread
5098:SmörgÄsbord
4739:Other media
4577:Philippines
4567:New Zealand
4450:Twelve Days
4407:RĂ€uchermann
4362:Nutcrackers
4312:Las Posadas
4272:Decorations
4252:Christingle
4192:Zwarte Piet
4187:Snegurochka
4108:Sinterklaas
4058:Santa Claus
3520:: 127â139.
3376:26 December
3353:26 December
3129:11 November
3071:Radio Times
3049:31 December
3022:11 December
2972:12 December
2942:31 December
2906:12 November
2876:18 November
2673:27 December
2611:13 February
2388:7 September
2359:7 September
2218:11 December
2138:24 December
1531:Roy Hodgson
1511:Frelinghien
1453:Sainsbury's
1443:Chris Eaton
1429:Joyeux Noël
1398:Joyeux Noël
1338: [
1208:battalion.
1198:Mesta river
958:Black Watch
706:World War I
559:2nd Cambrai
397:Boar's Head
387:Mont Sorrel
29:World War I
7624:Ceasefires
7598:Categories
7398:Agreements
7198:War crimes
7074:Luxembourg
6967:Casualties
5838:Montenegro
5673:South West
5553:Technology
5543:Propaganda
5533:Opposition
5119:Candy cane
5068:JoulupöytÀ
4968:Pikkujoulu
4632:New Mexico
4481:By country
4455:Wassailing
4396:Poinsettia
4203:Traditions
4155:Mrs. Claus
4135:Belsnickel
4088:Julemanden
4083:Joulupukki
4014:Wenceslaus
3979:North Pole
3944:Jack Frost
3934:Christkind
3889:Neapolitan
3712:Boxing Day
3259:0436071029
3213:0330480685
3191:References
3103:8 December
2582:New Armies
2516:La Nazione
2484:18 October
2299:0333989384
2181:Baker, C,
1461:Doctor Who
1420:The opera
1381:The song "
1152:La Nazione
1073:bully beef
1069:Le Touquet
994:Yser Front
932:Daily Mail
700:Background
642:along the
640:ceasefires
626:; French:
372:Wulverghem
335:3rd Artois
313:2nd Artois
281:1st Artois
7639:Cover-ups
7295:Diplomacy
7002:Olympians
6925:Australia
6892:Logistics
6825:Vlora War
6754:(1918â19)
6730:(1918â19)
6724:(1918â19)
6712:(1918â19)
6659:(1916â17)
6641:(1916â17)
6592:Zaian War
6582:(1914â15)
6302:first day
6190:Lusitania
6018:(1912â13)
6012:(1911â12)
6000:(1908â09)
5994:(1905â06)
5976:(1870â71)
5765:Principal
5625:Gallipoli
5528:Memorials
5513:Geography
5503:Aftermath
5406:TourtiĂšre
5396:Romeritos
5333:Dumplings
5280:Beverages
5184:Pecan pie
5174:Panettone
5169:Pampushka
5164:Mince pie
5139:Fruitcake
5083:RĂ©veillon
4963:NFL games
4958:NBA games
4953:In August
4923:Economics
4693:Billboard
4547:Indonesia
4490:Australia
4465:Yule goat
4440:Stockings
4374:Ornaments
4103:PÚre Noël
4098:Olentzero
4093:Noel Baba
4068:Ded Moroz
4024:Yule Lads
3964:Mari Lwyd
3815:Bethlehem
3692:Christmas
3526:0959-3632
3409:0043-2431
3178:1 January
2473:: 19â26.
2124:Mike Dash
1741:Gwpda.org
1490:Monuments
1370:Goodbyeee
1290:Gallipoli
1235:in 1919.
1206:Liverpool
1127:Telegraph
1052:Mike Dash
1027:The Times
857:artillery
800:10th Army
742:North Sea
683:carolling
622:(German:
554:5th Ypres
534:2nd Somme
512:2nd Marne
502:3rd Aisne
451:The Hills
446:2nd Aisne
407:Fromelles
402:1st Somme
352:The Bluff
318:HĂ©buterne
308:2nd Ypres
269:1st Ypres
249:1st Aisne
244:1st Marne
217:Le Cateau
195:Charleroi
180:Frontiers
7583:Category
7170:Refugees
7136:Italians
7125:Germans
7085:Ober Ost
6865:Aviation
5959:Timeline
5930:Bulgaria
5711:Tsingtao
5688:Togoland
5635:Caucasus
5570:European
5562:Theatres
5439:Category
5410:meat pie
5401:Stuffing
5355:Varenyky
5224:Yule log
5199:Qurabiya
5073:Julebord
5046:Food and
4973:SantaCon
4938:El Gordo
4825:Yule Log
4597:Scotland
4510:Ethiopia
4495:Colombia
4470:Yule log
4424:Spanbaum
4401:Pyramids
4267:Crackers
4165:Sack Man
4051:folklore
4019:Yule cat
3924:Badalisc
3914:folklore
3825:Epiphany
3419:(2001).
3365:(2022).
3342:(2022).
3320:(1994).
3150:Archived
3043:Archived
3016:Archived
2966:Archived
2936:Archived
2900:Archived
2870:Archived
2814:Archived
2781:Archived
2738:Archived
2718:Archived
2667:Archived
2605:Archived
2475:Archived
2350:Archived
2288:(2003).
2269:Archived
2242:Archived
2212:Archived
2132:Archived
1997:Archived
1946:Archived
1902:Archived
1861:Archived
1745:Archived
1701:Archived
1662:Archived
1602:Archived
1529:manager
1525:and the
1485:Yarnhub.
1387:The Farm
1315:mutinies
1063:and the
1048:Messines
1019:football
979:II Corps
935:and the
738:Flanders
730:trenches
564:Courtrai
519:Soissons
458:Messines
425:Alberich
234:Maubeuge
190:Ardennes
185:Lorraine
153:Moresnet
61:Location
27:Part of
7321:Germany
7221:Germany
7149:Germany
7069:Belgium
7054:Albania
7013:Disease
6993:Sports
6945:Ireland
6858:Warfare
6851:Aspects
6039:Origins
6032:Prelude
5935:Senussi
5915:Germany
5910:Leaders
5848:Romania
5789:Belgium
5784:Leaders
5683:Kamerun
5665:African
5600:Romania
5578:Balkans
5493:Outline
5345:Pierogi
5340:Hallaca
5245:Borscht
5209:Stollen
5179:Pavlova
5154:MakĂłwki
5134:Cozonac
5103:Wigilia
4988:Scrooge
4948:In July
4846:society
4778:Poetry
4612:Ukraine
4587:Romania
4552:Ireland
4542:Iceland
4537:Hungary
4525:Germany
4515:Finland
4505:England
4500:Denmark
4460:Windows
4391:Piñatas
4379:Parades
4332:Markets
4317:Letters
4307:Hampers
4150:Krampus
3989:Perchta
3929:Caganer
3623:YouTube
3600:YouTube
3516:. n.s.
2846:17 June
2820:17 June
2663:Reuters
2248:17 June
1751:17 June
1482:Sabaton
1477:killed.
1468:", the
1458:In the
992:On the
912:Suffolk
814:of the
757:Austria
716:at the
710:Belgium
646:of the
529:Ailette
497:The Lys
491:Michael
473:Cambrai
367:Hulluch
362:St Eloi
254:Antwerp
96:Outcome
7341:Russia
7316:France
7144:Canada
7059:Serbia
6930:Canada
6887:Horses
6839:(1921)
6833:(1920)
6827:(1920)
6821:(1920)
6813:(1920)
6766:(1919)
6760:(1919)
6706:(1918)
6671:(1918)
6665:(1917)
6653:(1916)
6647:(1916)
6612:(1915)
6024:(1913)
6006:(1911)
5988:(1905)
5945:Darfur
5870:Serbia
5853:Russia
5816:Greece
5804:France
5794:Brazil
5640:Persia
5583:Serbia
5416:Turkey
5350:Tamale
5307:Kissel
5297:Eggnog
5254:Sauces
5240:Menudo
5219:TurrĂłn
5129:Cookie
5112:Sweets
5078:KĆ«Äios
5059:Dinner
4933:Grinch
4844:modern
4811:Tomten
4770:Santa,
4753:novels
4671:Operas
4659:Carols
4627:Hawaii
4607:Sweden
4602:Serbia
4592:Russia
4582:Poland
4572:Norway
4562:Mexico
4520:France
4435:Stamps
4430:Szopka
4322:Lights
4277:Didukh
4113:Others
4063:Befana
4009:Vertep
3872:in art
3840:Joseph
3790:Advent
3652:, in:
3557:about
3541:
3524:
3510:Second
3497:
3474:
3455:
3427:
3407:
3328:
3279:
3256:
3233:
3210:
3077:9 July
2296:
2275:(2014)
2189:
2159:, 1929
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