281:
407:
59:
434:
48:
379:
soon after his death that "Holland letters in general are in most esteem, and particularly those that have been cut by the hand of that curious artist
Christofel van Dijck, and some very few others...when the Stadthouse at Amsterdam was finishing, such was the curiosity of the Lords that were the Overseers of the building, that they offered C. van Dijck aforesaid 80 Pounds Sterling (as himself told me) only for drawing in paper the names of the several offices that were to be painted over the doors, for the painter to paint by" and also praised them extensively in his
81:
70:
466:
868:
129:
359:. Marshall bought matrices for this type which survive at Oxford University Press, probably from Abraham van Dijck, or possibly another source in the Netherlands; if they did come from van Dijck his foundry was apparently able to source a second set of matrices since the type is advertised on the 1681 specimen. Besides this, on the 1681 specimen a number of other types are also known to be by Granjon,
554:. The Brevier italic (the showings share many but not all characters) is of uncertain attribution; it seems to be a copy of a Granjon italic, whether van Dijck or someone else cut it. The Dubbelde Text and Dubbelde Augustijn capitals may also be by other engravers. According to Lane the unpublished 1668/9 specimen also shows an old-fashioned Greek type in Mediaen size.
299:
249:, who knew him, praised the Dutch types of the period for "commodious fatness they have beyond other letters which easing the eyes in reading, renders them more legible" and van Dijck's in particular for the "harmony and decorum of their symmetry" and the "good reason for his order and method." His types included
1028:
examining separately. Adopting a term used by
Fournier le jeune, the style is sometimes called the 'Dutch taste', and sometimes, especially in Germany, 'baroque'. Some names associated with the style are those of Van den Keere, Granjon, Briot, Van Dijck, Kis (maker of the so-called 'Janson' types), and
549:
Specifically, the type of the word "Proeven" is by van den Keere, the
Dubbelde Mediaen Kapitalen, Brevier No. 2 and Augustijn No. 2 romans and Paragon, Augustijn, first Mediaen and Garmont italic by Granjon, the Dubblede Descendiaan titling capitals and Text roman by Garamond, and the Mediaen Romeyn
1027:
Although types on the 'Aldine' model were widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries, a new variant that was often slightly more condensed in its proportions, and darker and larger on its body, became sufficiently widespread, at least in
Northern Europe, to be worth defining as a distinct style and
2163:
Regulæ trium ordinum literarum typographicarum, or, The rules of the three orders of print letters : viz. The Roman
Italick English capitals and small : shewing how they are compounded of geometrick figures, and mostly made by rule and compass : useful for writing masters, painters,
378:
Van Dijck apparently had a strong reputation in his lifetime and beyond, aided by the connection between
Protestant Britain and the Dutch Republic. Marshall considered him a "famous artist". Moxon, who spent time in the Netherlands as a child and later met van Dijck on returning as an adult, wrote
453:
In 1680 Daniel
Elsevier died. His widow felt unable to run the foundry and placed it up for sale, leading to the printing of the well-known 1681 specimen; she herself died shortly afterwards and before the auction could take place. Following her death it was bought by
244:
felt that a distinguishing feature of van Dijck's types were that "the contrast between the hair lines and the main strokes is more pronounced...the capital letters are more powerful...the typeface in general appears to have been cut more sharply". The polymath
324:
Understanding of van Dijck's career has been limited by a lack of knowledge of what types he cut: as was common for pre-nineteenth century printing materials a large proportion of his punches and matrices were lost due to changing artistic tastes in favour of
445:
Abraham van Dijck suffered from poor health, and his steadily declining condition forms a large part of
Marshall's correspondence. He finally died in February 1672. The following April the foundry was auctioned, and bought by Daniel Elsevier of the
235:
From a surviving 1681 specimen, Stan Knight comments that in his type "the capitals are generally quite wide, and many of them...have a strong thick/thin contrast. The lowercase has comparatively short ascenders, resulting in a large
132:
This detail of a map by
Balthasar Florisz. van Berckenrode (1647) shows the Elandsstraat and the Hazenstraat in the middle; a little bit down is the location of two houses under one roof with a portal (to an inn), a barn and a
2114:
Lane, John A. (27 June 2013). "The
Printing Office of Gerrit Harmansz van Riemsdijck, Israël Abrahamsz de Paull, Abraham Olofsz, Andries Pietersz, Jan Claesz Groenewoudt & Elizabeth Abrahams Wiaer c.1660–1709".
430:. Many of these survive, as does their correspondence. Marshall wrote to Fell in April 1670 that "this last winter had sent van Dijck and Voskens, the two best artists in this country, to their graves."
1954:
469:
In the 17th century, behind Elandsstraat 84 (image shows later building), with an entrance through a portal, was a garden with a barn and a backhouse, where Van Dijck and his assistants worked.
383:
of 1683. Many, although not all, of his types are also identified in the Enschedé type foundry specimen dated 1768, specifically his smaller types and blackletters from the middle of the book.
180:, a historian of printing in the Netherlands and expert on van Dijck's career, speculates that he may have begun by cutting types for other typefounders. In 1647 he rented a house on the
2190:
Moxon's Mechanick exercises; or, The doctrine of handy-works applied to the art of printing; a literal reprint in two volumes of the first edition published in the year 1683, Volume 1
1000:
333:. An impressive but jumbled specimen was issued by the widow of Daniel Elzevir in 1681 offering what had been his foundry for sale, of which a single copy survives in the
1956:
Typefoundries in the Netherlands, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century: a history based mainly on material in the collection of Joh. Enschedé en Zonen at Haarlem
329:, being destroyed from around 1808 by Enschedé at a time when it was also in financial difficulties, although some survive at Enschedé, and others in the collection of
576:
on 26 February 1672; van Eeghen's date of 23 February is a mistake. Some writers have also incorrectly believed this death record refers to the little-known painter
2288:
355:
Besides van Dijck's own types, his foundry sold many older types. For example, by the year after his death Abraham van Dijck owned matrices for a Greek type cut by
2283:
1918:
2038:
Lane, John A. (1996). "From the Grecs du Roi to the Homer Greek: Two Centuries of Greek Printing Types in the Wake of Garamond". In Macrakis, Michael S. (ed.).
869:
Notarial deeds by Van Dijck: notice of marriage, baptism of his son, purchase of the houses, and burial record; see also Van Eeghen, p. 277-279, 282, 287–288.
2060:
Dutch Typefounders' Specimens from the Library of the KVB and other collections in the Amsterdam University Library with histories of the firms represented
280:
1805:
493:
used to print the 1681 specimen continued to be used by the successors to van Dijck's foundry to print specimens, including the 1768 Enschedé specimen.
406:
321:(Matheos van Tsar in Dutch) to make punches and matrices to print an Armenian bible, and continued to work on Armenian types for the rest of his life.
295:
His blackletter types are ornate, with many teardrop terminals, especially on the capitals, apparently again following the lead of types cut by Briot.
410:
The widow of Daniel Elsevier's type specimen offering van Dijck's foundry for sale in 1681 (facsimile). Not all the types shown are by van Dijck.
146:
414:
On van Dijck's death, his foundry was taken over by his son Abraham (1645–1672), who was also a punchcutter. Abraham van Dijck sold matrices to
345:
2263:
2241:
2217:
2147:
2009:
1755:
908:
415:
305:(Jesus the son), a book printed by Van Dijck's client Matteos Tsaretsi in 1661. The body text uses van Dijck's Text bolorgir Armenian type.
141:
family. His father Gilbert Breberenus van den Dijck and half-brother Johannes were Calvinist ministers. Gilbert had come to Dexheim from
1011:
86:
Four types by van Dijck in the Enschedé specimen of 1768: Ascendonica and Kleine Augustyn roman, Mediaan italic and Augustyn blackletter.
2303:
2104:
2085:
2047:
2028:
1964:
1895:
1728:
2308:
1935:
677:
Lommen, Mathieu (1996). "A history of Lettergieterij 'Amsterdam' voorheen N. Tetterode (Typefoundry Amsterdam) 1851-1981".
1881:
581:
2227:
1007:
462:
printing English bibles. Around 1707 his son Manuel Athias sold his part in the foundry to the heir Cornelia Schipper.
391:
338:
192:. By the end of his career his foundry was based on Elandsstraat. He died in November 1669 and was buried in the nearby
1930:( 1768. ed.). Stichting Museum Enschedé, the Enschedé Font Foundry, Uitgeverij De Buitenkant. pp. 29–30 etc.
1770:
2058:
433:
58:
1946:
229:
508:
Date of birth according to Lane 2012, although in his marriage application in 1642 van Dijck gave his age as 36.
517:
This is a slight simplification: technically in metal typesetting a distinction is made between the adjustable
47:
465:
438:
427:
330:
288:
706:"The fabric of creativity in the Dutch Republic: Painting and publishing as cultural industries, 1580-1800"
334:
80:
69:
273:
style from the French renaissance. He was likely influenced in this by the earlier Amsterdam punchcutter
2293:
2184:
1885:
459:
364:
258:
386:
Several digital fonts based on van Dijck's work have been published, including DTL Elzevir (1992) from
2298:
2161:
225:
274:
521:
that casts the main body of the type, and the matrix, which is the mould only for the letter shape.
326:
1912:
1542:
474:
419:
387:
250:
208:
Van Dijck became the most prominent type-founder of his time in the Netherlands, cutting type in
173:
1194:
1140:
2259:
2256:
The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance: Selected Papers on Sixteenth-century Typefaces
2251:
2237:
2213:
2207:
2143:
2100:
2081:
2043:
2024:
2005:
1997:
1978:
1960:
1931:
1891:
1751:
1745:
1724:
904:
898:
632:
577:
310:
221:
169:
2231:
2137:
1718:
2124:
686:
644:
482:
447:
138:
117:
489:
and the Ploos van Amstel brothers in Amsterdam, the latter bought by Enschedé in 1799. The
2099:. Amsterdam: Special Collections of the University of Amsterdam. pp. 70–86, 211–213.
1610:
531:
360:
318:
269:, which favoured darker type on the page and stronger contrast than earlier types in the
2188:
1950:
1029:
580:. The fact that the Abraham who was Christoffel van Dijck's son died in February 1672 (
551:
368:
356:
254:
2277:
490:
455:
395:
157:. On 11 October 1642 he applied to marry Swaentje Harmens (c. 1600/1601 – 1668) from
1538:
128:
2180:
2157:
1869:
1136:
536:
478:
371:. According to Marshall Amsterdam typefounders were able to buy earlier types from
349:
246:
185:
177:
165:
109:
105:
477:; the foundry was bought by Jan Roman the younger (1709–1770), bookseller in the
241:
1974:
705:
284:
266:
217:
213:
181:
1771:
M.M. Kleerkooper, De boekhandel te Amsterdam voornamelÄłk in de 17e eeuw, deel 1
1045:
2128:
1216:
573:
518:
209:
193:
189:
154:
113:
20:
1747:
In His Milieu: Essays on Netherlandish Art in Memory of John Michael Montias
690:
648:
481:. In 1767 the foundry was auctioned again, and materials bought by both the
372:
314:
197:
150:
101:
29:
1980:
Notes on a Century of Typography at the University Press, Oxford, 1693–1794
317:
printers in Amsterdam. On 27 November 1658 he contracted with the Armenian
1195:"Proeven van alle de LETTEREN die Gesneden zijn van Christoffel van Dyck"
270:
237:
158:
1587:
486:
142:
97:
24:
344:
A specimen issued by van Dijck in 1668/1669 was found to exist in the
298:
563:
But probably actually issued in 1769, when a portrait in it is dated.
423:
1959:(2nd ed.). Haarlem: Stichting Museum Enschedé. pp. 77–94.
437:
Some of van Dijck's materials (not shown in photo) are preserved by
1720:
Willem Drost (1633–1659): A Rembrandt Pupil in Amsterdam and Venice
228:. In or shortly before 1655 he drew out lettering for rooms in the
464:
458:, the printer of books in Hebrew who cooperated with the widow of
432:
405:
297:
279:
127:
2209:
History of Oxford University Press: Volume I: Beginnings to 1780
164:
Van Dijck then changed career to become a specialist in cutting
116:. Van Dijck's type was widely used at a time when Amsterdam had
337:, Antwerp. Fragments of an earlier specimen are also extant at
1217:"John Lane & Mathieu Lommen: ATypI Amsterdam Presentation"
880:
878:
876:
352:; according to Lane as of 2013 it had yet to be published.
1119:
1117:
1115:
257:'s italics. Van Dijck worked in a style later described by
1634:
1632:
1630:
840:
838:
660:
658:
530:
This 10pt type, like Granjon's other Greeks, is a copy of
1928:
The Enschedé type specimens of 1768 and 1773: a facsimile
922:
920:
2164:
carvers, masons, and others that are lovers of curiosity
2057:
Lane, John A.; Lommen, Mathieu; de Zoete, Johan (1998).
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1177:
1175:
1173:
728:
726:
1688:
1686:
1649:
1647:
1236:
1234:
188:. This was close to the printing office of his client
825:
823:
810:
808:
806:
804:
764:
762:
635:(1977). "A Type Specimen of Christoffel van Dijck?".
176:. How he began this career change is not documented;
112:, who cut punches and operated a foundry for casting
2233:
Revival Type: Digital Typefaces Inspired by the Past
1876:. London: Bowes & Bowes, Putnam. pp. 16–18.
1744:
Amy Golahny; Mia M. Mochizuki; Lisa Vergara (2006).
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
137:
Van Dijck was born in Dexheim, now in Germany, to a
791:
789:
309:Van Dijck worked extensively on making type in the
2078:Early Type Specimens in the Plantin-Moretus Museum
1840:
1793:
1562:
627:
625:
623:
602:
2193:. New York: The Typothetæ of the City of New York
584:) is also reported in Marshall's letters to Fell.
426:to create a collection of printing materials for
1926:Enschedé, Johannes (1993). Lane, John A. (ed.).
1717:Jonathan Bikker; Willem Drost (1 January 2005).
1612:Les Elzevier: histoire et annales typographiques
2206:Ould, Martyn (November 2013). Gadd, Ian (ed.).
253:, although smaller numbers than were common in
161:, the widow of former minister Jan de Praet.
2212:. Oxford University Press. pp. 212–221.
2021:Historical Types: from Gutenberg to Ashendene
1806:Familiearchief Cambier. In: Nationaal Archief
8:
2097:The Diaspora of Armenian Printing, 1512-2012
287:types by van Dijck compared to those cut by
1816:
1750:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 268.
884:
856:
2236:. Yale University Press. pp. 48, 61.
1917:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
664:
473:In 1755 the family closed the business at
200:had been buried there the previous month.
172:, the moulds used to cast a letterform in
2023:. New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press.
1852:
1828:
1638:
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1369:
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926:
903:. Parkstone International. p. 193.
844:
732:
1405:
1273:
1181:
1123:
595:
501:
118:become a major centre of world printing
2289:German emigrants to the Dutch Republic
1910:
974:
2284:Dutch typographers and type designers
2040:Greek Letters: From Tablets to Pixels
1723:. Yale University Press. p. 34.
1513:
1501:
986:
962:
153:. By 1640 he moved to Amsterdam as a
7:
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711:. University of Utrecht (PhD thesis)
614:
572:Abraham van Dijck was buried in the
147:United Duchies of JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
1887:De Amsterdamse boekhandel 1680–1725
2142:. 010 Publishers. pp. 23–25.
2080:. Oak Knoll Press. pp. 45–9.
14:
1983:. Oxford: Oxford University Press
897:Michel, Émile (17 January 2012).
251:swash capitals and terminal forms
1841:Lane, Lommen & de Zoete 1998
1794:Lane, Lommen & de Zoete 1998
1563:Lane, Lommen & de Zoete 1998
1052:. TYPO, republished by PampaType
603:Lane, Lommen & de Zoete 1998
394:type, and Custodia (2002–06) by
149:). Christoffel was trained as a
79:
68:
57:
46:
2004:. CUP Archive. pp. 113–6.
1996:Hoeflake, Netty (7 June 1973).
1882:Eeghen, Isabella Henriette van
1001:"Type and its Uses, 1455-1830"
418:, who was acting on behalf of
1:
1008:Institute of English Studies
339:Cambridge University Library
168:, the masters used to stamp
1046:"The Briot project. Part I"
346:National Archives in London
224:, music type, and probably
2325:
1945:Enschedé, Charles (1978).
1609:Willems, Alphonse (1880).
448:Elzevir family of printers
104:) was a German-born Dutch
18:
2129:10.1163/15700690-12341283
390:, based on his Augustijn
291:in the following century.
230:Royal Palace of Amsterdam
2304:People from Mainz-Bingen
2136:Middendorp, Jan (2004).
1874:Type Specimen Facsimiles
1615:. pp. lxxix–lxxxvii
196:. His near contemporary
2252:Vervliet, Hendrik D. L.
691:10.1163/157006996X00089
649:10.1163/157006977X00062
439:Oxford University Press
428:Oxford University Press
331:Oxford University Press
327:"modern face" typefaces
289:Joan Michael Fleischman
232:, then the city hall.
2167:. London: Joseph Moxon
2095:Lane, John A. (2012).
2076:Lane, John A. (2004).
470:
442:
411:
335:Plantin-Moretus Museum
306:
292:
134:
2309:People from Amsterdam
2019:Knight, Stan (2012).
633:McKitterick, David J.
468:
460:Jan Jacobsz. Schipper
436:
409:
365:Hendrik van den Keere
301:
283:
259:Pierre Simon Fournier
184:in which he set up a
131:
94:Christoffel van Dijck
1384:, pp. 236, 256.
1227:– via YouTube.
2042:. Oak Knoll Press.
1255:, pp. 109–110.
1197:. National Archives
704:Rasterhoff, Clara.
381:Mechanick Exercises
16:Dutch type designer
2185:de Vinne, Theodore
1543:Dutch Type Library
1145:Typefoundry (blog)
1109:, pp. 57, 64.
550:No. 2 probably by
475:Nieuwe Herengracht
471:
443:
412:
388:Dutch Type Library
307:
293:
135:
2265:978-90-04-16982-1
2243:978-0-300-21929-6
2230:(18 April 2017).
2219:978-0-19-955731-8
2149:978-90-6450-460-0
2011:978-0-521-09786-4
1757:978-90-5356-933-7
1680:, pp. 162–3.
1668:, pp. 215–6.
1577:, pp. 64–65.
1516:, pp. 15–16.
1126:, pp. 17–18.
1085:, pp. 77–78.
1017:on 9 October 2016
941:, pp. 65–66.
910:978-1-78310-074-3
783:, pp. 72–73.
578:Abraham van Dijck
311:Armenian alphabet
226:printers' flowers
100:– November 1669,
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2002:A Tally of Types
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1141:"Elzevir Letter"
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1044:de Jong, Feike.
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1010:. Archived from
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857:Eeghen 1960–1978
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483:Enschedé foundry
420:Bishop John Fell
319:Matteos Tsaretsi
139:Dutch Protestant
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50:
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1742:
1738:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1504:, pp. 3–5.
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1003:
999:Mosley, James.
998:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
918:
911:
896:
895:
891:
883:
874:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
836:
828:
821:
813:
802:
794:
787:
779:
775:
767:
760:
752:
739:
731:
724:
714:
712:
708:
703:
702:
698:
676:
675:
671:
665:Middendorp 2004
663:
656:
631:
630:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
593:
588:
571:
567:
562:
558:
548:
544:
532:Claude Garamond
529:
525:
516:
512:
507:
503:
499:
416:Thomas Marshall
404:
361:Claude Garamond
263:goût Hollandois
206:
126:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
84:
75:
74:
73:
64:
63:
62:
53:
52:
51:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2248:
2242:
2224:
2218:
2203:
2177:
2154:
2148:
2133:
2123:(4): 311–439.
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2073:
2054:
2048:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
1993:
1971:
1965:
1942:
1936:
1923:
1896:
1878:
1872:, ed. (1963).
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1831:, p. 116.
1821:
1819:, p. 301.
1809:
1798:
1796:, p. 300.
1786:
1784:, p. 105.
1774:
1763:
1756:
1736:
1729:
1709:
1697:
1695:, p. 171.
1682:
1670:
1658:
1656:, p. 161.
1643:
1641:, p. 115.
1626:
1601:
1579:
1567:
1565:, p. 292.
1555:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1492:, p. 162.
1482:
1480:, p. 166.
1470:
1468:, p. 427.
1458:
1456:, p. 386.
1446:
1444:, p. 384.
1434:
1432:, p. 342.
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1372:, p. 368.
1362:
1360:, p. 336.
1350:
1348:, p. 348.
1338:
1336:, p. 436.
1326:
1324:, p. 339.
1314:
1312:, p. 226.
1302:
1300:, p. 223.
1290:
1288:, p. 232.
1278:
1257:
1245:
1243:, p. 116.
1230:
1208:
1186:
1169:
1157:
1128:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1073:, p. 424.
1063:
1036:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
916:
909:
889:
887:, p. 288.
872:
861:
849:
847:, p. 114.
834:
819:
800:
785:
773:
758:
737:
722:
696:
669:
654:
619:
607:
594:
592:
589:
587:
586:
565:
556:
552:Pierre Haultin
542:
523:
510:
500:
498:
495:
403:
400:
369:Pierre Haultin
357:Robert Granjon
275:Nicolaes Briot
255:Robert Granjon
205:
202:
125:
122:
85:
78:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
56:
55:
54:
45:
44:
43:
42:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2181:Moxon, Joseph
2178:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2158:Moxon, Joseph
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2106:9789081926409
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2087:9781584561392
2083:
2079:
2074:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2049:9781884718274
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2030:9781584562986
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:9789070024130
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:Carter, Harry
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1899:
1897:9789060721315
1893:
1890:. Amsterdam.
1889:
1888:
1884:(1960–1978).
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:Dreyfus, John
1867:
1866:
1861:
1855:, p. 48.
1854:
1853:Enschedé 1993
1849:
1846:
1843:, p. 62.
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:Hoeflake 1973
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1730:0-300-10581-9
1726:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1710:
1707:, p. 46.
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:Hoeflake 1973
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1539:"DTL Elzevir"
1534:
1531:
1528:, p. 22.
1527:
1526:Enschedé 1993
1522:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:Vervliet 2008
1426:
1423:
1420:, p. 48.
1419:
1414:
1411:
1408:, p. 18.
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:, p. 58.
1395:
1394:Enschedé 1993
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:Vervliet 2008
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:Vervliet 2008
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:Vervliet 2008
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:Vervliet 2008
1342:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:Vervliet 2008
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:Vervliet 2008
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:Vervliet 2008
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:Vervliet 2008
1282:
1279:
1276:, p. 17.
1275:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1184:, p. 16.
1183:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:, p. 64.
1166:
1161:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:Mosley, James
1132:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:Enschedé 1993
1103:
1100:
1097:, p. 86.
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1013:
1009:
1002:
995:
992:
989:, p. 15.
988:
983:
980:
977:, p. 53.
976:
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
953:, p. 88.
952:
951:Enschedé 1993
947:
944:
940:
939:Enschedé 1993
935:
932:
929:, p. 64.
928:
927:Enschedé 1993
923:
921:
917:
912:
906:
902:
901:
893:
890:
886:
881:
879:
877:
873:
870:
865:
862:
859:, p. 87.
858:
853:
850:
846:
845:Hoeflake 1973
841:
839:
835:
832:, p. 47.
831:
826:
824:
820:
817:, p. 74.
816:
811:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
774:
771:, p. 73.
770:
765:
763:
759:
756:, p. 45.
755:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
735:, p. 26.
734:
733:Enschedé 1993
729:
727:
723:
707:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
670:
667:, p. 23.
666:
661:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
628:
626:
624:
620:
617:, p. 70.
616:
611:
608:
605:, p. 71.
604:
599:
596:
590:
583:
579:
575:
569:
566:
560:
557:
553:
546:
543:
539:
538:
533:
527:
524:
520:
514:
511:
505:
502:
496:
494:
492:
491:standing type
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
463:
461:
457:
456:Joseph Athias
451:
449:
440:
435:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
396:Fred Smeijers
393:
389:
384:
382:
376:
374:
370:
367:and possibly
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
348:by historian
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
322:
320:
316:
312:
304:
300:
296:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:steel punches
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
130:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
82:
71:
60:
49:
40:
36:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2294:1600s births
2255:
2232:
2208:
2195:. Retrieved
2189:
2169:. Retrieved
2162:
2138:
2120:
2116:
2096:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2059:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1985:. Retrieved
1979:
1975:Hart, Horace
1955:
1927:
1901:. Retrieved
1886:
1873:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1766:
1746:
1739:
1719:
1712:
1700:
1673:
1661:
1617:. Retrieved
1611:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1406:Dreyfus 1963
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1274:Dreyfus 1963
1248:
1221:. Retrieved
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1189:
1182:Dreyfus 1963
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:
1131:
1124:Dreyfus 1963
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1049:
1039:
1026:
1019:. Retrieved
1012:the original
994:
982:
970:
965:, p. 4.
958:
946:
934:
899:
892:
864:
852:
776:
713:. Retrieved
699:
682:
678:
672:
643:(1): 66–75.
640:
636:
610:
598:
568:
559:
545:
537:Grecs du roi
535:
526:
513:
504:
479:Kalverstraat
472:
452:
444:
413:
385:
380:
377:
354:
350:Justin Howes
343:
323:
308:
302:
294:
262:
247:Joseph Moxon
242:Max Caflisch
234:
207:
186:type foundry
178:John A. Lane
163:
136:
96:(c. 1600-5,
93:
92:
39:
34:
28:
2299:1669 deaths
1998:"Van Dijck"
1987:6 September
1548:6 September
975:Knight 2012
392:(12pt size)
303:Yisus vordi
285:Blackletter
267:Dutch taste
218:blackletter
182:Bloemgracht
110:typefounder
106:punchcutter
2278:Categories
2228:Shaw, Paul
2139:Dutch Type
2063:. De Graaf
1937:9070386585
1588:"Custodia"
1514:Moxon 1896
1502:Moxon 1676
1150:7 November
987:Moxon 1896
963:Moxon 1676
715:3 December
685:(2): 120.
591:References
574:Westerkerk
519:hand mould
194:Westerkerk
190:Joan Blaeu
174:metal type
155:journeyman
114:metal type
21:Dutch name
2258:. BRILL.
2117:Quaerendo
1913:cite book
1782:Lane 2012
1705:Lane 2004
1693:Hart 1900
1678:Hart 1900
1666:Ould 2013
1654:Hart 1900
1590:. Type By
1575:Shaw 2017
1490:Hart 1900
1478:Hart 1900
1466:Lane 2013
1454:Lane 2013
1442:Lane 2013
1418:Lane 2004
1334:Lane 2013
1253:Lane 1996
1241:Lane 1996
1165:Shaw 2017
1095:Lane 2012
1083:Lane 2012
1071:Lane 2013
1050:PampaType
1021:7 October
900:Rembrandt
830:Lane 2004
815:Lane 2012
796:Lane 2012
781:Lane 2012
769:Lane 2012
754:Lane 2004
679:Quaerendo
637:Quaerendo
615:Lane 2012
582:new style
373:Frankfurt
198:Rembrandt
151:goldsmith
102:Amsterdam
30:Van Dijck
2254:(2008).
2183:(1896).
2160:(1676).
2067:4 August
1977:(1900).
1953:(eds.).
315:Armenian
271:Garamond
238:x-height
222:Armenian
170:matrices
159:Nordhorn
145:(in the
143:Breberen
19:In this
2197:19 June
2187:(ed.).
2171:19 June
1903:14 June
1619:19 June
1594:25 June
1223:12 July
1219:. ATypI
1056:10 June
487:Haarlem
261:as the
133:garden.
98:Dexheim
25:surname
2262:
2240:
2216:
2146:
2103:
2084:
2046:
2027:
2008:
1963:
1934:
1894:
1754:
1727:
1201:4 July
1030:Caslon
907:
540:types.
424:Oxford
402:Legacy
214:italic
204:Career
33:, not
23:, the
1015:(PDF)
1004:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
497:Notes
210:roman
35:Dijck
2260:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2199:2021
2173:2021
2144:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2069:2017
2044:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1989:2020
1961:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1919:link
1905:2021
1892:ISBN
1752:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1621:2021
1596:2021
1550:2020
1225:2019
1203:2019
1152:2017
1058:2018
1023:2016
905:ISBN
717:2021
313:for
124:Life
108:and
2125:doi
687:doi
645:doi
534:'s
485:in
422:in
265:or
240:."
27:is
2280::
2121:43
2119:.
2000:.
1949:;
1915:}}
1911:{{
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1541:.
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1143:.
1139:.
1114:^
1048:.
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1006:.
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725:^
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657:^
639:.
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450:.
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375:.
363:,
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277:.
220:,
216:,
212:,
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2222:.
2201:.
2175:.
2152:.
2131:.
2127::
2109:.
2090:.
2071:.
2052:.
2033:.
2014:.
1991:.
1969:.
1940:.
1921:)
1907:.
1760:.
1733:.
1623:.
1598:.
1552:.
1205:.
1154:.
1060:.
1032:.
913:.
798:.
719:.
693:.
689::
651:.
647::
641:7
441:.
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
