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If folk religion is demonstrated by drivers with rosaries hanging from rearview mirrors or St. Christopher figures on the dashboard, still common enough in Poland, the fish sticker on the car is a more conscious symbol of a witnessing
Christian--significantly, unlike the former, it is on the outside
563:
According to one ancient story, when a
Christian met a stranger in the road, the Christian sometimes drew one arc of the simple fish outline in the dirt. If the stranger drew the other arc, both believers knew they were in good company. Current bumper-sticker and business-card uses of the fish
514::24–27, upon being asked if his Teacher pays the temple (or two-drachma) tax, Simon Peter answers yes. Christ tells Peter to go to the water and cast a line, saying that a coin sufficient for both of them will be found in the fish's mouth. Peter does this and finds the coin.
628:
or emblem on the rear of automobiles or as pendants or necklaces as a sign that the owner is a
Christian. Versions of this include an Ichthys with "Jesus" or "ΙΧΘΥΣ" in the centre, or simply the Ichthys outline by itself. According to one writer, while many Christians hang a
918:
says, caught in the net of salvation, and thus made members of the heavenly kingdom. There is a reference to the same symbol to the Holy
Eucharist, with which the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes had such intimate connection both in point of time and
676:
show the
Ichthys without mention of Jesus Christ, while featuring clear attestations to Christian beliefs and themes. From this Mowat speculates, they were purposely avoiding outing themselves as Christians. As none of the early Christian sources link the Ichthys to
2971:
914:. The letters of the Greek word formed the initial letters of the phrase "Jesus Christ, of God the Son, our Saviour" The heavenly Ichthus, then, was Jesus Christ, and we are the smaller fishes, born in the waters of baptism, as
824:
Biblical
Studies, Ancient Near East and Early Christianity E-Books Online. "Such solutions, once popular, include the fish as a secret symbol for persecuted Christians or as a symbol for Christ mystically sacrificed in the
558:
According to tradition, ancient
Christians, during their persecution by the Roman Empire in the first few centuries after Christ, used the fish symbol to mark meeting places and tombs, or to distinguish friends from foes:
581:
to his readers (Paedagogus, III, xi) to engrave their seals with the dove or fish. However, it can be inferred from Roman monumental sources such as the
Cappella Greca and the Sacrament Chapels of the catacomb of
1382:
of the car for everyone to see. This stops some interested
Catholics from placing the symbol on their cars. Since they feel might not live up to the good driving practices that should accompany its presence.
681:, this connection has now mostly fallen out of favor (Rasimus compiles a list of early Christian references to the Ichthys, none of which point towards the persecution hypothesis and instead link it to
872:
Initially used as a secret sign during the time when
Christians were persecuted by the Roman authorities, the fish symbolized the mission of the group it represented and did so simply and effectively.
447:
on top of each other to render a shape akin to an eight-spoked wheel. Though this shape has often been interpreted as such, it has also been proposed that the round symbol represents a loaf of bread.
166:
consisting of two intersecting arcs, the ends of the right side extending beyond the meeting point so as to resemble the profile of a fish. It has been speculated that the symbol was adopted by
485:, a boy is brought to Jesus with "five small loaves and two fish". The question is asked, "But what are they, among so many?" Jesus multiplies the loaves and fish to feed the multitude.
496:, Jesus compares the angels separating the righteous from the wicked at the end of this world to fishers sorting out their catch, keeping the good fish and throwing the bad fish away.
202:
and literature dates to the 2nd century. The symbol's use among Christians had become popular by the late 2nd century, and its use spread widely in the 3rd and 4th centuries. In
206:, the ichthys symbol held "the most sacred significance." It has been claimed that Christians used it to recognize churches and other believers during a time when they faced
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1132:
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There are several other hypotheses as to why the fish was chosen. Some sources indicate that the earliest literary references came from the recommendation of
1479:
207:
1058:
diacritical mark attached to the upsilon, not with a full letter (Ὺιός), and so would not be used to form a backronym. By the Early Christian period, the
800:
Robert Mowat, “ΙΧΘΥΣ,” in Atti del II° congresso internazionale di archeologica cristi-ana tenuto in Roma nell’ aprile 1900 (Rome: Spithöver, 1902), 1–8
503::11, it is related that the disciples fished all night but caught nothing. Jesus instructed them to cast the nets on the other side of the boat, and
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It must, however, be born in mind that the "fish," specially in those early days, was a Christian symbol of the most sacred significance. The name
35:
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The initial "h" was sometimes pronounced, depending on dialect and period, but in Ionic orthography the "h" sound was written with the
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910:, which is the Greek word for fish, and the fish itself, recur frequently amongst the sacred symbols of the early Christians in the
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507:. When they return to shore with their catch, Jesus is waiting for them and has cooked some fish for them to eat.
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521::38–45) This is symbolic of Jesus's resurrection, upon which the entire Christian faith is based. (
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Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices.
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Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices
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Mystery and Secrecy in the Nag Hammadi Collection and Other Ancient Literature: Ideas and Practices
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Christian—significantly, unlike the former, it is on the outside of the car for everyone to see."
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Revisiting the Ichthys: A Suggestion Concerning the Origins of Christological Fish Symbolism
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Fish are mentioned and given symbolic meaning several times in the Gospels. Several of
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had such intimate connection both in point of time and significance." Depicted in the
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inside their vehicles, "the fish sticker on the car is a more conscious symbol of a
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1196:"Eureka! Student discoveries and a continuing mystery in the heart of ancient Rome"
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to determine if another was indeed Christian. It is now known colloquially as the "
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1968:
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Extensive explanations on several popular Christian symbols, including the ichthys
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1972:
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The body of the symbol may be empty, or may contain a name ('Jesus' or 'ICTUS').
190:
An early circular ichthys symbol, created by combining the Greek letters ΙΧΘΥΣ,
149:
132:
2941:
2571:
2417:
2383:
2313:
1978:
1242:
3097:
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2907:
2873:
2773:
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1932:
1869:
1755:
915:
706:
638:
600:
518:
511:
489:
171:
17:
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1251:
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693:). The idea is prominently featured and likely popularized by the 1951 movie
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2387:
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1918:
1765:
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1988:
1845:
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2003:
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1413:
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911:
431:
274:
59:
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1573:
1226:"Fish in Faith: Exploring Symbol as Survival Strategies in Christianity"
901:
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682:
672:
brought forward by Robert Mowat. Both the Licinia Amia Epitaph and the
500:
475:
387:
270:
191:
307:, which translates into English as 'Jesus Christ, God's Son, Savior'.
2479:
1849:
1439:
Principal Christian Symbols: The Fish (Ichthus), Cross & Crucifix
758:
668:
The idea that the Ichthys was used as a secret symbol is based on an
634:
464:
409:
391:
359:
298:
254:
163:
135:
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1603:
1553:
1111:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 340, 343.
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239:
185:
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The fish is also used by Jesus to describe "the Sign of Jonah". (
2935:
2830:
753:
311:
159:
1461:
608:
In the 1970s the "Jesus Fish" started to be used as an icon of
2914:
2911:
1367:
Religious Life in Poland: History, Diversity and Modern Issues
1224:
Suprianto, Bibi; Alfian, Andi; Kristanto, David (2022-12-25).
1060:
aspirate was probably lost in most popular varieties of Greek.
1020:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 327.
1105:
Christian H. Bull, Liv Ingeborg Lied, John D. Turner (2012).
1014:
Christian H. Bull, Liv Ingeborg Lied, John D. Turner (2012).
537:
442:
375:
260:
117:
1070:
Sibylline oracles, Book viii, 284–330 (Greek text, 217–250)
586:
that the fish symbol was known to Christians much earlier.
120:
1457:
111:
226:, the symbol is also mentioned in the Latin text titled
1333:"Christian symbols: Fish (Ichthus), cross and crucifix"
856:
Jowett, Garth S.; O'Donnell, Victoria (11 March 2014).
38:. For the mountain and promontory of ancient Elis, see
216:
miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes
1230:
Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya
123:
114:
34:. For the suffix "-ichthys" as used in taxonomy, see
463:
were fishermen. He commissions them with the words "
58:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2923:
2849:
2734:
2409:
1495:
656:. It is the oldest Christian music festival in the
108:
1319:"What is the origin of the Christian fish symbol?"
612:. In 1973 the symbol and message was taken to the
1399:, (New York: The Rosen Publishing Co., 2009), p.7
415:
397:
365:
343:
321:
248:
210:. The ichthys symbol is also a reference to "the
141:
3108:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
72:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
561:
932:"The Christian symbols: the language of faith"
1473:
1176:. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 57, 63.
810:
808:
806:
8:
1131:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1040:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
796:
794:
1480:
1466:
1458:
1365:Garbowski, Christopher (27 January 2014).
426:Augustine quotes an ancient text from the
1241:
604:An ΙΧΘΥΣ ("ichthys") fish symbol on a car
232:which dates back to the 1st-2nd century.
1173:Jewish symbols in the Greco-Roman period
198:The first appearances of the ichthys in
78:
775:
36:List of commonly used taxonomic affixes
1124:
1033:
985:Carletti, Carlo (November 20, 2009).
153:
7:
3113:List of tallest crosses in the world
62:. For the distinction between ,
1170:Goodenough, Erwin Ramsdell (1953).
300:Iēsoûs Khrīstós, Theoû Huiós, Sōtḗr
1084:. Eaton & Mains. p. 181.
835:Los Angeles Times (1 April 2008).
572:, Elesha Coffman, "Ask The Expert"
474:, Jesus was given grilled fish in
162:") is (in its modern rendition) a
25:
1317:Elesha Coffman (August 8, 2008).
860:. SAGE Publications. p. 86.
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2012:
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1502:
1424:
1412:
837:"Evolution of religious bigotry"
764:Variations of the ichthys symbol
709:
596:Variations of the ichthys symbol
104:
30:For the natural gas field, see
1454:- Catholic Encyclopedia article
957:"The Galleries of the Cemetery"
441:superimposes the Greek letters
437:A fourth century adaptation of
208:persecution in the Roman Empire
54:International Phonetic Alphabet
564:hearken back to this practice.
465:I will make you fishers of men
1:
1429:The dictionary definition of
652:festival held in mid-June in
624:. Today, it can be seen as a
494:Parable of Drawing in the Net
3181:Roman-era Greek inscriptions
3176:Early Christian inscriptions
934:(in Italian). Archived from
749:Ichthus Christian Fellowship
483:feeding of the five thousand
434:of the generating sentence.
410:
392:
360:
299:
255:
220:Catacombs of Saint Sebastian
136:
886:"The Holy Wells of Ireland"
858:Propaganda & Persuasion
648:is an annual large outdoor
3222:
1369:. McFarland. p. 222.
1243:10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.15610
961:www.catacombepriscilla.com
593:
538:
443:
416:
398:
376:
366:
344:
322:
261:
249:
142:
29:
3121:
2398:
1147:"The Symbol of the Cross"
785:Oxford English Dictionary
467:". (Mark 1: 16–18)
2908:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
1396:Christian Rock Festivals
1321:. christianitytoday.com.
1200:Ideas and Creations Blog
987:"Il segno del vincitore"
691:feeding of the multitude
542:("fish of the living"),
3133:Christianity portal
787:(third ed.). 2007.
689:, and the story of the
204:early Christian history
50:phonetic transcriptions
3196:Language and mysticism
2946:Armenian eternity sign
1518:Anchored/Saint Clement
1337:religioustolerance.org
1306:Matthew 17:24–27
1080:Terry, Milton (1899).
646:Ichthus Music Festival
614:Aquarius Rock Festival
605:
575:
550:
245:
195:
170:as a secret symbol; a
91:
47:This article contains
3186:Christian terminology
3058:Shield of the Trinity
2140:Portate/Saint Gilbert
1452:Symbolism of the Fish
1082:The Sibylline Oracles
884:Healy, J (Feb 1884).
679:Christian persecution
670:argument from silence
603:
579:Clement of Alexandria
548:National Roman Museum
536:with the inscription
531:
505:they drew in 153 fish
243:
224:Catacomb of Priscilla
189:
82:
3206:Fish in Christianity
2831:Rood/Triumphal cross
2268:Saint James/Santiago
2218:Saltire/Saint Andrew
1893:Grapevine/Saint Nino
1421:at Wikimedia Commons
1394:See, Robison, Greg,
992:L'Osservatore Romano
674:Abercius inscription
660:, starting in 1970.
430:whose verses are an
3201:Early Christian art
3098:Triskelion/Triskele
2540:Cuthbert's pectoral
1963:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
1953:Jerusalem/Crusaders
814:Rasimus, T. ,2011.
744:Eagle catching Fish
739:Depictions of Jesus
717:Christianity portal
610:modern Christianity
1444:2012-01-06 at the
664:As a secret symbol
606:
590:In popular culture
570:Christianity Today
551:
492::47–50, the
305:contemporary Koine
246:
196:
155:[ikʰˈtʰys]
92:
3171:Christian symbols
3153:
3152:
3068:Sunwheel swastika
2451:Blanc croix rouge
1417:Media related to
1343:on 6 January 2012
1118:978-90-04-21207-7
1027:978-90-04-21207-7
890:The Irish Monthly
842:Los Angeles Times
654:Wilmore, Kentucky
544:early 3rd century
428:Sibylline oracles
372:genitive singular
370:), "of God", the
244:Ichthys-like fish
229:Oracula Sibillina
214:, with which the
86:was adopted as a
32:Ichthys gas field
16:(Redirected from
3213:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3130:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2726:
2716:
2706:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2538:
2528:
2520:Cross cramponnée
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2404:
2403:
2386:
2378:Syriac (Western)
2376:
2368:Syriac (Eastern)
2366:
2356:
2348:Serbian Orthodox
2346:
2336:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2198:Russian Orthodox
2196:
2186:
2176:
2168:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2118:
2106:
2096:
2086:
2076:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1459:
1428:
1416:
1400:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1339:. Archived from
1329:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:Matthew 13:47–50
1281:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1245:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1202:. Archived from
1192:
1186:
1185:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
963:. Archived from
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
928:
922:
921:
881:
875:
874:
853:
847:
846:
832:
826:
820:. Pp 327-348 in
812:
801:
798:
789:
788:
780:
725:Awareness ribbon
719:
714:
713:
573:
541:
540:
523:1 Corinthians 15
446:
445:
421:
420:
413:
401:
400:
395:
379:
378:
369:
368:
363:
347:
346:
325:
324:
302:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
236:Symbolic meaning
168:early Christians
157:
147:
146:
139:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
88:Christian symbol
69:
65:
27:Christian symbol
21:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3145:Arts portal
3137:
3125:
3117:
2919:
2845:
2730:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2068:Order of Christ
1860:Globus cruciger
1676:Catherine wheel
1491:
1486:
1446:Wayback Machine
1409:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1388:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1123:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1056:rough breathing
1053:
1049:
1032:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
984:
983:
979:
970:
968:
955:
954:
950:
941:
939:
930:
929:
925:
883:
882:
878:
868:
855:
854:
850:
834:
833:
829:
813:
804:
799:
792:
782:
781:
777:
772:
715:
708:
705:
666:
650:Christian music
598:
592:
574:
568:
556:
453:
238:
184:
152:pronunciation:
148:, 1st cent. AD
107:
103:
77:
76:
75:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3028:Solomon's knot
3020:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2698:Teutonic Order
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2510:Coptic (Early)
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2170:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1913:Greek Orthodox
1905:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1772:
1770:Cruciform halo
1762:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1548:Archiepiscopal
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1436:
1422:
1408:
1407:External links
1405:
1402:
1401:
1386:
1375:
1357:
1324:
1309:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1236:(3): 293–304.
1216:
1187:
1162:
1138:
1117:
1097:
1090:
1072:
1063:
1047:
1026:
1006:
977:
948:
923:
876:
866:
848:
827:
802:
790:
774:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
727:
721:
720:
704:
701:
665:
662:
631:cross necklace
594:Main article:
591:
588:
566:
555:
552:
478::41–43.
452:
451:In the Gospels
449:
424:
423:
403:
385:
353:
331:
237:
234:
212:Holy Eucharist
183:
180:
70:⟩, see
46:
45:
44:
40:Ichthys (Elis)
26:
24:
18:Christian fish
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3218:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
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2879:
2875:
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2869:
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2861:
2860:
2858:
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2852:
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2842:
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2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2393:
2392:Saint Anthony
2389:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:Saint Patrick
2285:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2248:Saint Florian
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:In modern use
1494:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1435:at Wiktionary
1434:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:9780786475896
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:Luke 24:41–43
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1206:on 2021-11-04
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1091:9783849672232
1087:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1007:
994:
993:
988:
981:
978:
967:on 2020-12-23
966:
962:
958:
952:
949:
938:on 2023-03-07
937:
933:
927:
924:
920:
919:significance.
917:
913:
909:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
877:
873:
869:
867:9781483323527
863:
859:
852:
849:
844:
843:
838:
831:
828:
823:
819:
818:
811:
809:
807:
803:
797:
795:
791:
786:
779:
776:
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
718:
712:
707:
702:
700:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
663:
661:
659:
658:United States
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
602:
597:
589:
587:
585:
584:St. Callistus
580:
571:
565:
560:
553:
549:
545:
535:
530:
526:
525::1–58)
524:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
450:
448:
440:
435:
433:
429:
419:
412:
407:
404:
394:
389:
386:
383:
373:
362:
357:
354:
351:
341:
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332:
329:
319:
318:
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310:
309:
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296:
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280:
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272:
268:
257:
242:
235:
233:
231:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Christian art
193:
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145:
138:
134:
128:
101:
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89:
85:
81:
73:
61:
57:
55:
51:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3015:
2955:
2898:Signum manus
2851:Christograms
2819:Processional
2752:Conciliation
2678:Saint Julian
2490:Consecration
2328:Saint Thomas
2308:Saint Philip
2258:Saint George
1528:Anuradhapura
1431:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1336:
1327:
1312:
1301:
1290:
1279:
1268:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1199:
1190:
1172:
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539:ΙΧΘΥϹ ΖΩΝΤΩΝ
516:
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2470:Carolingian
2358:Short Sword
2318:Saint Piran
2298:Saint Peter
2238:Saint David
2120:Patriarchal
1973:Latin/Roman
1798:Evangelists
1578:Balkenkreuz
1568:Arrow/Barby
896:(128): 89.
825:Eucharist."
783:"ichthus".
472:resurrected
422:), "Savior"
259:), or also
222:and of the
150:Koine Greek
3191:Pictograms
3160:Categories
2708:Two-barred
2410:Historical
2278:Saint John
2228:Saint Chad
2169:Resistance
1983:Macedonian
1872:'s variant
1870:Archbishop
1666:Canterbury
1538:Archangels
1295:John 21:11
1210:2021-11-04
1156:2023-11-04
971:2021-04-03
942:2021-04-03
916:Tertullian
770:References
639:witnessing
519:Matthew 12
512:Matthew 17
490:Matthew 13
390:(y or u),
176:Jesus fish
172:shibboleth
2855:Chrismons
2814:Preaching
2656:Quarterly
2626:Nestorian
2566:Gammadion
2549:Engrailed
1788:Ethiopian
1636:Byzantine
1616:Bulgarian
1260:255216683
1252:2528-7249
1182:123261511
1127:cite book
1036:cite book
912:Catacombs
696:Quo Vadis
687:Eucharist
622:Australia
532:Funerary
3166:Acronyms
3088:Swastika
3048:Shamrock
2976:Kolovrat
2966:Irminsul
2924:See also
2824:Lalibela
2804:Pectoral
2799:Necklace
2789:Memorial
2757:Heraldry
2747:Blessing
2606:Lorraine
2576:Jewelled
2422:Avellane
2160:Quadrate
2048:Novgorod
2018:Maronite
1943:Jeremiah
1923:Huguenot
1760:Crucifix
1738:Crosslet
1708:Cercelée
1656:Camargue
1626:Burgundy
1558:Armenian
1442:Archived
1347:22 April
999:April 3,
902:20497097
703:See also
567:—
461:Apostles
432:acrostic
402:), "Son"
350:anointed
339:Khrīstós
275:acrostic
269:, is an
137:ikhthū́s
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60:Help:IPA
2996:Mjölnir
2986:Lauburu
2956:Ichthys
2888:Labarum
2868:Chi Rho
2841:Wayside
2794:Mission
2718:Victory
2688:Templar
2646:Pierced
2636:Peñalba
2596:Lazarus
2586:Katanga
2557:Erminée
2338:Serbian
2188:Russian
2108:Fitchée
2088:Patonce
2058:Occitan
1993:Maltese
1883:Gnostic
1840:Fourchy
1728:Cossack
1696:Variant
1646:Calvary
1598:Bottony
1588:Bolnisi
1508:Alcoraz
1489:Crosses
1432:ichthys
1419:Ichthys
908:ichthus
734:Labarum
730:Chi Rho
683:baptism
501:John 21
481:At the
476:Luke 24
439:ichthys
393:(h)uiós
388:Ypsilon
384:, "God"
345:Χρῑστός
297:ωτήρ",
285:ρῑστός
271:acronym
265:with a
256:IKhThUS
192:Ephesus
100:ichthus
96:ichthys
84:Ichthys
52:in the
2836:Summit
2809:Plague
2784:Mercat
2779:Market
2762:Nordic
2727:Voided
2500:Coptic
2480:Chouan
2460:Brigid
2178:Ringed
2150:Potent
2098:Pattée
2038:Nordic
2028:Moline
2008:Marian
1998:Marada
1850:Fylfot
1830:Forked
1818:Fitchy
1808:Fleury
1779:Double
1748:Fitchy
1718:Coptic
1686:Celtic
1607:Branch
1373:
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1250:
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1115:
1088:
1024:
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685:, the
635:rosary
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358:(th),
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323:Ἰησοῦς
317:Iēsoûs
281:ησοῦς
182:Origin
164:symbol
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2767:Pisan
2742:Altar
2616:Neith
2530:Crown
2442:Black
2208:Salem
2130:Pommy
2078:Papal
1903:Greek
1256:S2CID
898:JSTOR
626:decal
534:stele
459:' 12
457:Jesus
444:ἸΧΘΥϹ
418:Σωτήρ
411:sōtḗr
408:(s),
406:Sigma
382:Theós
361:Theoû
356:Theta
328:Jesus
314:(i),
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262:ἸΧΘΥϹ
250:ἸΧΘΥΣ
144:ἰχθύς
133:Greek
56:(IPA)
3017:Rota
3006:Rose
2936:Ankh
2774:High
2432:Aviz
1933:Iron
1371:ISBN
1349:2014
1248:ISSN
1178:OCLC
1133:link
1113:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1042:link
1022:ISBN
1001:2021
862:ISBN
754:INRI
732:and
644:The
399:Yἱός
377:Θεóς
367:Θεοῦ
348:), "
326:), "
312:Iota
293:ἱός
289:εοῦ
160:fish
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2388:Tau
1238:doi
633:or
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