135:
1115:
932:). Each council has authority over its constituents, and the representatives at each level are expected to use their own judgment. For example, each session approves and installs its own elders, and each presbytery approves the ministers serving within its territory and the connections between those ministers and particular congregations. Hence higher level councils act as courts of appeal for church trials and disputes, and it is not uncommon to see rulings and decisions overturned.
816:
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dispense with such titles as "Popes, Patriarchs, Cardinals, Arch-Bishops, Lord-Bishops, Arch-Deacons, Officials, Commissaries, and the like" as unlawful and a "dishonor of Christ Jesus". The congregation has its being without any ministers and is enabled to elect and install its own officers.
976:(1618/1619) will, in general, consider their levels of government "broader" rather than "higher" courts. Additionally, the reformed classis is a temporary, delegated body, so the minister is firstly a member of his congregation as opposed to the standing presbytery.
1248:
is considered desirable in some (esp. reformed) traditions, preferring two or more officers in the local church. The contrasts with singular models often found in Roman
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches, or the "pastor/president" system of some
988:
831:
churches use a derivative of episcopalianism known as connexional polity. It emphasizes essential interdependence through fellowship, consultation, government and oversight. Some
Methodist churches have
3458:
1757:
1940:
1162:
may be used to describe functionaries in minor leadership roles, such as a leader of an individual congregation; it may also be used as an honorific, particularly within the
1284:
Conversely, one minister may serve in two roles. A pastor with two churches may be said to have a "dual charge". In the Church of
England, two or more otherwise independent
1322:
1174:
Although a church's polity determines its ministers and discipline, it need not affect relations with other
Christian organizations. The unity of a church is an essential
980:
983:
arguably contains a kind of lay presbyterian polity. Governance by bishops is paralleled by a system of deputies, who are lay and clerical representatives elected by
1143:
1041:
The number of offices in the church generally ranges from two (elder & deacon) to four (pastor, teacher, ruling elder & deacon) in congregational churches.
472:
195:
1182:, but because the divisions between churches presuppose the absence of mutual authority, internal polity does not directly answer how these divisions are treated.
2739:
1146:(LDS Church), are unique. Some have hierarchies similar to an episcopal polity, but may be more complex, with additional levels. Leaders are not always called
1896:
A study of the conflict and prestige of episcopal church authority with other forms of church polity as they affect inter-Christian relations and ecumenism.
554:
and "theological debate about the nature, location, and exercise of authority, in the church" has been ongoing ever since. The first act recorded after the
847:
as the principle that "all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns."
463:
1327:
1123:
3022:
2892:
1933:
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2749:
2238:
1266:
929:
754:
councils. Patterns of authority are subject to a wide variety of historical rights and honours which may cut across simple lines of authority.
55:
1888:
1867:
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1721:
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or, informally, just elders) are elected by the congregation. The session sends representatives to the next level higher council, called the
798:
381:
3157:
2389:
1119:
591:
508:
725:. These synods, subject to precedency by higher ranking bishops, may govern the dioceses which are represented in the council, though the
3256:
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188:
2344:
1926:
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262:
121:
102:
3107:
1823:
74:
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as the former term "containeth both government and also whatsoever besides belongeth to the ordering of the Church in public."
851:
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1386:
1073:
356:
181:
81:
59:
134:
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Connexionalism is sometimes identified as an organization, while other times as relationship or theological principle. The
3765:
2729:
3800:
3539:
2947:
2628:
1131:
970:) can also be described as presbyterian, with a few key differences. Continental churches that historically follow the
88:
3707:
3595:
3575:
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2987:
2264:
2258:
2134:
1979:
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480:
1609:
1590:
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2942:
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2585:
2364:
2334:
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2156:
2118:
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1096:
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376:
70:
48:
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2223:
2196:
555:
1114:
3580:
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3333:
2514:
2322:
2307:
2253:
2248:
640:
501:
457:
406:
351:
247:
585:, and consequently different Protestant bodies organized into different types of polities. During this period
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2600:
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1190:
1061:
1053:
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237:
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2433:
2369:
2171:
1875:
A study of religious authority (especially pp. 97–218) as well as the secular authority of the state.
1135:
1034:, or convention. Broader assemblies formed by delegates from congregationally governed churches (e.g. the
951:
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529:
427:
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267:
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2285:
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2181:
2123:
2103:
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2004:
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967:
525:
401:
391:
169:
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1459:
3623:
3613:
3481:
3365:
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3283:
3142:
2922:
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2498:
2218:
2166:
2108:
1974:
1815:
1752:
1740:
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331:
699:
of the diocese and represents the diocese both secularly and in the hierarchy of church governance.
3778:
3747:
3585:
3554:
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3243:
3097:
3002:
2799:
2721:
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2524:
2213:
2014:
1957:
1309:
863:
815:
757:
707:
636:
494:
336:
326:
212:
164:
95:
850:
A minority of
Methodist denominations use another non-connexional form of government, such as the
3496:
3102:
3092:
3052:
2937:
2927:
2877:
2862:
2819:
2290:
2148:
2128:
1949:
1262:
1232:
1231:, the churches are autonomous, though the majority of members are organizationally united in the
1202:
1139:
1084:
833:
366:
321:
272:
1791:. McGrade, Arthur Stephen (ed.). Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xv–cix.
935:
872:
A diagram of presbyterian polity according to The Form of
Presbyterial Church Government (1646).
746:. Instead, some authority may be held by synods and colleges of bishops, and other authority by
3605:
3453:
3405:
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2906:
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2837:
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2648:
2618:
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2399:
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2233:
1907:
1884:
1863:
1792:
1762:
1717:
1569:
1274:
1163:
1092:
1088:
898:
774:
761:
An
Anglican deacon, bishop and priest. Priests are usually former deacons in episcopal polity.
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596:
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prescribed an ecclesiastical government different from the episcopal polity maintained by the
299:
3486:
3375:
3212:
3017:
2977:
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2614:
2519:
2444:
2295:
2098:
1989:
1559:
770:
652:
628:
371:
294:
154:
1044:
1026:
may involve officers of other churches, especially when the church participates in a local
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341:
257:
1829:
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2339:
2312:
2113:
2089:
2046:
1999:
1984:
1788:
1382:
1102:
As a "self-governed voluntary institution", it could be considered a type of religious
1017:, like presbyterianism, but retains the autonomy (lit. self-rule) of the local church.
810:
632:
586:
567:
559:
242:
159:
1005:
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548:
Questions of church government were documented early on in the first chapters of the
3727:
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2784:
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2041:
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1409:
1198:
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For example, among churches of episcopal polity, different theories are expressed:
1179:
886:
868:
692:
688:
608:
537:
252:
1858:
Freedom and
Authority: A Study of English Thought in the Early Seventeenth Century
1027:
595:, the first volumes of which were published in 1594, to defend the polity of the
3732:
3722:
3712:
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3305:
3147:
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2036:
1547:
1258:
1228:
828:
790:
37:
1564:
657:
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3290:
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2962:
2917:
2857:
2847:
2754:
2638:
2633:
2505:
2208:
2031:
1966:
1299:
1220:
understands herself as a single polity whose supreme earthly authority is the
1206:
1023:
1009:
A diagram of congregational polity according to the
Cambridge Platform (1648).
703:
684:
536:
offices or an authority structure between churches. Polity relates closely to
220:
1785:
Of the Laws of
Ecclesiastical Polity: A Critical Edition with Modern Spelling
1573:
836:, but those individuals are not nearly as powerful as in episcopal churches.
17:
3773:
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3298:
3251:
3162:
3137:
3127:
3032:
3012:
2852:
2734:
2605:
2488:
2384:
2317:
1634:. University of California Libraries. Boston, Nichols and Noyes. p. 67.
1303:
1103:
1014:
947:
939:
884:). The lowest level council governs a single local church and is called the
824:
782:
731:
711:
1691:
138:
The apostles Peter and John laying hands in ordination. Illustration, 1873.
954:, still called a cathedral despite no longer serving as an episcopal seat.
3122:
2952:
2567:
2552:
2465:
2404:
2186:
1994:
1285:
1270:
1194:
1175:
1065:
786:
778:
766:
1808:
Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership
1744:
3511:
3440:
3152:
3047:
3042:
2872:
2804:
2779:
2687:
2228:
2081:
1069:
680:
600:
2662:
2530:
1918:
984:
910:) is a member of and presides over the session; lay representatives (
751:
736:
717:
696:
666:
702:
Bishops may be subject to higher ranking bishops (variously called
3037:
2542:
1113:
1043:
1004:
991:
requires the separate consent of the bishops and of the deputies.
934:
925:
867:
814:
756:
747:
726:
722:
656:
133:
1810:(3rd ed.). Littleton, Colorado: Lewis & Roth Publishers.
924:. In some Presbyterian churches there are higher level councils (
683:, which is both sacramental and political; as well as performing
2428:
987:
and, at the national level, by the dioceses. Legislation in the
3229:
3179:
3079:
2904:
1922:
1825:
Pagan Christianity: Exploring the Roots of Our Church Practices
1393:. Vol. 1. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. p. 297.
31:
670:
603:
objections. It is from the title of this work that the term
1201:, i. e., subjection to the authority of councils, such as
789:
churches, as well as amongst some of the African-American
742:
Churches governed by episcopacy do not simply adhere to a
679:. In the Catholic Church, bishops have authority over the
1083:
Historic statements of congregational polity include the
946:
were incompatible with the presbyterian polity taught by
1883:. Richmond, Virginia: John Knox Press (published 1969).
1758:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
819:
The ordination of Methodist Bishop Francis Asbury, 1784.
1828:. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House. Archived from
1489:
Sharing God's Gifts: Glossary of United Methodist Terms
966:
are not identical. Continental reformed churches (e.g.
1150:, in some cases they have secular-like titles such as
1349:
1347:
3680:
3637:
3604:
3563:
3530:
3467:
3439:
3396:
3242:
2891:
2818:
2720:
2576:
2479:
2419:
2195:
2147:
2080:
2013:
1965:
1956:
1881:
Power without Glory: A Study in Ecumenical Politics
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1855:
1716:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1277:. Advocates claim biblical precedent, citing that
1197:but are held to be unified by common doctrine and
729:may also be purely advisory. In episcopal polity,
1862:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Westminster Press.
1281:churches appear to all have had multiple elders.
665:Churches having episcopal polity are governed by
1080:because of the relative prevalence of Baptists.
1038:) do not have power to rule their constituents.
981:Episcopal Church in the United States of America
524:is the government of a church. There are local (
1323:Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses
1144:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
765:Episcopal polity is the predominant pattern in
1783:McGrade, Arthur Stephen (2013). Introduction.
1365:
1934:
1076:. Congregational polity is sometimes called
669:. The title bishop comes from the Greek word
502:
189:
8:
1693:Richard Hooker and His Theory of Anglicanism
1253:churches. This is commonly encouraged among
1060:Churches with congregational polity include
880:are governed by a hierarchy of councils (or
1733:Introduction to the History of Christianity
1130:Other religious organizations, for example
3239:
3226:
3176:
3076:
2901:
2897:
2201:
2019:
1962:
1941:
1927:
1919:
1648:
1328:Polity of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
906:of the church (sometimes referred to as a
509:
495:
207:
196:
182:
141:
1735:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press.
1563:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1745:"'Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity'"
627:There are four general types of polity:
1761:. New York: Bartleby (published 2000).
1699:(MA thesis). Chicago: Loyola University
1644:
1369:
1343:
1209:, and the former standing council, the
540:, the theological study of the church.
219:
144:
3371:Conditional preservation of the saints
1714:Christian Law: Contemporary Principles
1552:STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal
1460:"The many meanings of connectionalism"
1434:
1235:, which has no governmental authority.
1013:Congregational polity is historically
607:may have originated. With respect to
1585:
1583:
1396:
1052:", who held office in congregational
799:Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship
532:. A church's polity may describe its
7:
1391:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
592:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
60:adding citations to reliable sources
3257:Christian views on the Old Covenant
1533:
1521:
1509:
1446:
1353:
528:) forms of organization as well as
1548:"Dort, Doleantie and Church Order"
25:
3688:Attributes of God in Christianity
433:Sustainable Governance Indicators
3772:
1318:Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
1302:
1118:The LDS Church is governed by a
721:) They also meet in councils or
714:, depending upon the tradition;
438:Bertelsmann Transformation Index
36:
27:Government of Christian churches
1546:Faber, Ryan (22 January 2021).
1170:Polity, autonomy, and ecumenism
1074:Non-denominational Christianity
852:Congregational Methodist Church
781:churches. It is common in some
47:needs additional citations for
3761:Lists of Christian theologians
3459:Separation of church and state
1193:, the various churches retain
661:A diagram of episcopal polity.
577:, reformers asserted that the
1:
3766:Outline of Christian theology
2730:History of Christian theology
1628:Dexter, Henry Martyn (1865).
1464:United Methodist News Service
3540:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
1690:Becic, Marilyn Jean (1959).
695:, the bishop supervises the
611:, Hooker preferred the term
3708:Love of God in Christianity
3576:Christian reconstructionism
3344:Priesthood of all believers
2265:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
1806:Strauch, Alexander (1995).
1056:, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1036:Southern Baptist Convention
481:Market governance mechanism
464:Governance, risk management
3827:
1741:Foakes-Jackson, F. J.
1565:10.17570/stj.2020.v6n4.a10
998:
861:
808:
650:
473:Environmental, social, and
3756:
3238:
3225:
3188:
3175:
3088:
3075:
2913:
2900:
2740:Calvinist–Arminian debate
2204:
2022:
1854:Cragg, Gerald R. (1975).
1731:Dowley, Tim, ed. (2002).
1491:. United Methodist Church
1240:Plurality and singularity
1124:Quorum of Twelve Apostles
973:Church Order of Dordrecht
896:; its members are called
556:Ascension of Jesus Christ
3477:Confessional Lutheranism
1524:, pp. 123, 150–151.
1097:Second London Confession
950:. This statue stands in
458:Chief governance officer
3811:Ecclesiastical polities
3339:Protestant ecclesiology
3082:Eastern Orthodox Church
1913:Encyclopædia Britannica
1879:Henderson, Ian (1967).
1662:"Glossary of key terms"
1054:First Church in Roxbury
1019:Congregational churches
841:United Methodist Church
795:Church of God in Christ
793:traditions such as the
671:
71:"Ecclesiastical polity"
3693:Christian universalism
3629:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
3619:Imparted righteousness
3502:Lutheran scholasticism
3356:Protestant Soteriology
1649:Viola & Barna 2008
1617:. London. 1652 . VI.1.
1611:The Cambridge Platform
1592:The Cambridge Platform
1127:
1057:
1010:
955:
873:
820:
762:
675:, which translates as
662:
575:Protestant Reformation
428:World Governance Index
139:
3806:Christian terminology
3703:Grace in Christianity
3517:Theology of the Cross
2958:Immaculate Conception
2653:New Covenant theology
2072:Social trinitarianism
1908:Ecclesiastical polity
1218:Roman Catholic Church
1132:Seventh-day Adventist
1117:
1047:
1008:
1001:Congregational polity
995:Congregational polity
962:and the Presbyterian
938:
871:
818:
760:
660:
605:ecclesiastical polity
522:Ecclesiastical polity
146:Ecclesiastical polity
137:
3624:Second work of grace
3614:Christian perfection
3482:Evangelical Catholic
3366:Conditional election
3284:Evangelical theology
2923:Apostolic succession
2239:Conditional Security
1712:Doe, Norman (2013).
1666:www.crockford.org.uk
1536:, pp. 123, 151.
1292:by a single priest.
735:(elder) refers to a
558:was the election of
551:Acts of the Apostles
475:corporate governance
56:improve this article
3801:Church organization
3779:Christianity portal
3748:Unlimited atonement
3555:Prosperity theology
3386:Unlimited atonement
3098:Cataphatic theology
3003:Papal infallibility
2948:Ecumenical Councils
2800:Counter-Reformation
1414:Merriam-Webster.com
1387:Morris, Christopher
1366:Foakes-Jackson 1909
1310:Christianity portal
1267:Disciples of Christ
1246:plurality of elders
1203:ecumenical councils
1136:Jehovah's Witnesses
864:Presbyterian polity
858:Presbyterian polity
3591:Lordship salvation
3497:Lutheran orthodoxy
3449:Believer's baptism
3182:Oriental Orthodoxy
3093:Apophatic theology
3053:Transubstantiation
2938:Christian humanism
2928:Assumption of Mary
1950:Christian theology
1753:Waller, A. R.
1631:Congregationalism:
1263:Churches of Christ
1233:Anglican Communion
1140:the Salvation Army
1128:
1085:Cambridge Platform
1062:Congregationalists
1058:
1011:
989:general convention
956:
930:general assemblies
874:
821:
805:Connexional polity
763:
663:
140:
3788:
3787:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3655:Messianic Judaism
3454:Immersion baptism
3406:Anglo-Catholicism
3267:Dispensationalism
3262:Covenant theology
3221:
3220:
3213:Aphthartodocetism
3171:
3170:
3071:
3070:
2716:
2715:
2596:Dispensationalism
2563:Church discipline
2415:
2414:
2395:Union with Christ
2167:Angelic hierarchy
2143:
2142:
1890:978-0-8042-1497-1
1869:978-0-664-20738-0
1798:978-0-19-960491-3
1768:978-1-58734-073-4
1723:978-1-107-00692-8
1275:Plymouth Brethren
1191:Eastern Orthodoxy
1164:Holiness movement
1093:Saybrook Platform
1089:Savoy Declaration
878:Reformed churches
775:Oriental Orthodox
597:Church of England
519:
518:
206:
205:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3818:
3776:
3568:
3376:Prevenient grace
3240:
3227:
3177:
3108:Essence–energies
3077:
3018:Quartodecimanism
2902:
2898:
2810:Great Awakenings
2445:Incurvatus in se
2202:
2099:Hypostatic union
2020:
1990:Biblical studies
1963:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1894:
1873:
1861:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1811:
1802:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1749:Ward, A. W.
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1474:
1472:
1470:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:, p. xxxii.
1363:
1357:
1351:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1288:may be 'held in
771:Eastern Orthodox
744:chain of command
674:
653:Episcopal polity
647:Episcopal polity
511:
504:
497:
357:Higher education
263:Multistakeholder
208:
198:
191:
184:
142:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3752:
3743:Problem of Hell
3738:Problem of evil
3718:Omnibenevolence
3664:
3633:
3600:
3566:
3559:
3526:
3507:Neo-Lutheranism
3492:Loci Theologici
3463:
3435:
3392:
3381:Total depravity
3349:Church covenant
3320:Soli Deo gloria
3272:Supersessionism
3234:
3217:
3184:
3167:
3084:
3067:
2909:
2907:Catholic Church
2887:
2814:
2765:Semipelagianism
2712:
2623:A-millennialism
2572:
2475:
2471:Total depravity
2451:Occasion of sin
2411:
2191:
2139:
2076:
2052:Theology proper
2009:
1952:
1947:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1853:
1849:
1847:Further reading
1844:
1835:
1833:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1789:Hooker, Richard
1782:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1598:. 1652 . VII.6.
1595:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1383:Hooker, Richard
1381:
1380:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1242:
1222:Supreme Pontiff
1172:
1112:
1003:
997:
866:
860:
813:
807:
655:
649:
625:
583:Catholic Church
564:Twelve Apostles
546:
515:
486:
485:
477:
474:
468:
465:
453:
452:
443:
442:
423:
422:
413:
412:
411:
382:Security sector
377:Political party
316:
315:
306:
305:
304:
289:
288:
279:
278:
277:
232:
231:
202:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3824:
3822:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3660:Restorationism
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3596:Predestination
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3532:Pentecostalist
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3334:Fundamentalism
3331:
3327:Solus Christus
3323:
3316:
3313:Sola scriptura
3309:
3302:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3279:Evangelicalism
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3058:Ultramontanism
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2968:Infant baptism
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Traditionalism
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2644:Apocalypticism
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2611:Millenarianism
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Full communion
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2515:Congregational
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Sanctification
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Reconciliation
2347:
2345:Recapitulation
2342:
2340:Predestination
2337:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2313:Means of grace
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Christocentric
2111:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Theocentricism
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2000:Law and Gospel
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1903:
1902:External links
1900:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1876:
1868:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1832:on 2 July 2010
1812:
1803:
1797:
1780:
1767:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1709:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1653:
1637:
1620:
1601:
1579:
1558:(2): 235–252.
1538:
1526:
1514:
1512:, p. 123.
1502:
1476:
1451:
1449:, p. 122.
1439:
1437:, p. 646.
1427:
1401:
1374:
1358:
1356:, p. 118.
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1297:
1294:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1211:Endemusa Synod
1171:
1168:
1111:
1108:
1078:Baptist polity
999:Main article:
996:
993:
942:churches like
908:teaching elder
862:Main article:
859:
856:
811:Connexionalism
809:Main article:
806:
803:
651:Main article:
648:
645:
641:congregational
624:
621:
587:Richard Hooker
568:Judas Iscariot
562:as one of the
560:Saint Matthias
545:
542:
530:denominational
526:congregational
517:
516:
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
471:
469:
466:and compliance
462:
460:
454:
451:Related topics
450:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
435:
430:
424:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
347:Ecclesiastical
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
303:
302:
297:
291:
290:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
217:
216:
204:
203:
201:
200:
193:
186:
178:
175:
174:
173:
172:
170:Congregational
167:
162:
157:
149:
148:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3823:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Faith healing
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Center church
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Branch theory
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3232:Protestantism
3228:
3224:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Monothelitism
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Monophysitism
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Sacerdotalism
3026:
3024:
3023:Real presence
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Scholasticism
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Caesaropapism
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Apostolic Age
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2708:War in Heaven
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Second Coming
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:New Jerusalem
2681:
2679:
2678:Millennialism
2676:
2674:
2673:Last Judgment
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:Mortification
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Justification
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Glorification
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Fallen angels
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Impassibility
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
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1050:Samuel Chapin
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953:
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689:confirmations
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579:New Testament
576:
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566:, to replace
565:
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72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
18:Church polity
3777:
3728:Omnipresence
3698:Divine mercy
3522:Two kingdoms
3416:Broad church
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3203:Monoenergism
3193:Miaphysitism
2893:By tradition
2833:Biblical law
2785:Conciliarism
2651: /
2621: /
2617: /
2548:Conciliarity
2525:Presbyterian
2510:
2481:Ecclesiology
2456:Original sin
2443:
2434:Anthropology
2421:Hamartiology
2370:Resurrection
2360:Regeneration
2335:Perseverance
2329:Ordo salutis
2327:
2291:Irresistible
2263:
2259:Eternal life
2249:Divinization
2124:Resurrection
2067:Perichoresis
2057:Immutability
2042:Pneumatology
2005:Hermeneutics
1980:Preservation
1911:
1880:
1857:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1824:
1816:Viola, Frank
1807:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1756:
1732:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:Bibliography
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1645:Strauch 1995
1640:
1630:
1623:
1610:
1604:
1591:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1488:
1485:"Connection"
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1390:
1377:
1370:McGrade 2013
1361:
1289:
1283:
1245:
1243:
1199:conciliarity
1184:
1180:ecclesiology
1173:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1129:
1101:
1082:
1077:
1072:and much of
1059:
1040:
1012:
978:
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911:
907:
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849:
844:
838:
822:
764:
741:
730:
716:see article
715:
701:
676:
664:
637:presbyterian
626:
616:
612:
609:ecclesiology
604:
590:
572:
549:
547:
538:ecclesiology
521:
520:
346:
165:Presbyterian
145:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3733:Omniscience
3723:Omnipotence
3713:Love of God
3567:(Calvinist)
3550:Glossolalia
3426:High church
3306:Sola gratia
3148:Tabor Light
3133:Proskynesis
3118:Metousiosis
3113:Gnomic will
2998:Natural law
2973:Josephology
2963:Indulgences
2828:Apologetics
2795:Reformation
2790:Renaissance
2703:Tribulation
2586:Historicism
2578:Eschatology
2276:Forgiveness
2197:Soteriology
2135:Holy Spirit
2119:Incarnation
2037:Christology
1975:Inspiration
1435:Dowley 2002
1259:Pentecostal
1229:Anglicanism
1207:Holy Synods
1158:. The term
1110:Other forms
1032:association
944:St. Andrews
791:Pentecostal
704:archbishops
685:ordinations
633:connexional
573:During the
534:ministerial
362:Information
268:Open-source
238:Algorithmic
160:Connexional
3795:Categories
3650:Anabaptism
3586:Free Grace
3431:Low church
3063:Veneration
3008:Priesthood
2918:Absolution
2858:Missiology
2848:Homiletics
2770:Iconoclasm
2755:Patristics
2722:Historical
2698:Soul sleep
2639:Apocalypse
2634:Antichrist
2536:Historical
2506:Missiology
2494:Confession
2365:Repentance
2355:Redemption
2303:Imputation
2296:Prevenient
2244:Conversion
2209:Absolution
2032:Paterology
2027:Attributes
1958:Systematic
1397:Becic 1959
1334:References
1290:plurality'
1261:churches,
1251:Protestant
1024:Ordination
917:presbytery
893:consistory
845:connection
712:patriarchs
617:government
402:Technology
392:Simulation
253:Electronic
221:Governance
82:newspapers
3645:Adventism
3565:Reformed
3361:Assurance
3299:Sola fide
3252:Adiaphora
3163:Theotokos
3143:Symphonia
3138:Sobornost
3128:Phyletism
3038:Sainthood
3033:Sacrament
3013:Purgatory
2993:Modernism
2983:Mariology
2878:Political
2853:Liturgics
2838:Education
2820:Practical
2735:Orthodoxy
2658:End times
2629:Adventism
2606:Preterism
2520:Episcopal
2499:Eucharist
2489:Sacrament
2385:Synergism
2375:Salvation
2318:Monergism
2224:Atonement
2219:Assurance
2149:Cosmology
2129:Ascension
1967:Scripture
1574:2413-9467
1395:Cited in
1339:Footnotes
1286:benefices
1152:president
1120:President
1104:anarchism
964:tradition
952:St. Giles
948:John Knox
940:Cathedral
825:Methodist
783:Methodist
732:presbyter
672:epĂskopos
629:episcopal
332:Corporate
155:Episcopal
3681:See also
3606:Wesleyan
3469:Lutheran
3398:Anglican
3123:Phronema
2953:Filioque
2933:Dogmatic
2873:Polemics
2868:Pastoral
2649:Covenant
2601:Futurism
2591:Idealism
2568:Shunning
2553:Koinonia
2466:Theodicy
2439:The Fall
2405:Blessing
2254:Election
2214:Adoption
2187:Theodicy
2172:Humanity
2157:Creation
1995:Exegesis
1985:Canonics
1822:(2008).
1755:(eds.).
1743:(1909).
1534:Doe 2013
1522:Doe 2013
1510:Doe 2013
1447:Doe 2013
1410:"Bishop"
1385:(1954).
1354:Doe 2013
1296:See also
1273:and the
1271:Baptists
1195:autonomy
1176:doctrine
1156:overseer
1066:Baptists
1048:"Deacon
1028:vicinage
1015:reformed
985:parishes
904:minister
843:defines
829:Wesleyan
797:and the
787:Lutheran
779:Anglican
767:Catholic
752:clerical
677:overseer
599:against
421:Measures
337:Cultural
327:Clinical
314:By field
287:By level
213:a series
211:Part of
112:May 2014
3512:Pietism
3487:Haugean
3441:Baptist
3296: (
3244:General
3158:Theosis
3153:Theoria
3103:Economy
3048:Thomism
3043:Scotism
2978:Liturgy
2805:Pietism
2780:Thomism
2688:Rapture
2613: (
2513: (
2400:Worship
2390:Theosis
2234:Calling
2229:Baptism
2097: (
2082:Trinity
1910:at the
1836:17 June
1774:17 June
1703:17 June
1495:18 June
1469:5 March
1420:17 June
1389:(ed.).
1257:, some
1224:(Pope).
1148:bishops
1070:Quakers
922:classis
887:session
834:bishops
681:diocese
667:bishops
601:Puritan
544:History
367:Network
322:Climate
273:Private
96:scholar
2883:Public
2843:Ethics
2663:Heaven
2531:Bishop
2511:Polity
2162:Angels
2090:Father
1887:
1866:
1795:
1765:
1720:
1572:
1416:. 2018
1265:, the
1160:bishop
1142:, and
960:polity
926:synods
902:. The
899:elders
882:courts
777:, and
737:priest
723:synods
718:Bishop
697:clergy
691:, and
639:, and
613:polity
589:wrote
300:Global
230:Models
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3638:Other
3581:TULIP
3293:solae
3291:Five
2863:Moral
2750:Canon
2619:Post-
2543:Synod
2286:Grace
2271:Faith
2182:Satan
2109:Logos
2104:Jesus
1787:. By
1747:. In
1697:(PDF)
1671:3 May
1615:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
968:Dutch
876:Many
823:Many
727:synod
623:Types
372:Ocean
295:Local
103:JSTOR
89:books
2988:Mass
2668:Hell
2615:Pre-
2429:Adam
1885:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1838:2018
1793:ISBN
1776:2018
1763:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1705:2018
1673:2021
1570:ISSN
1497:2018
1471:2024
1422:2018
1216:The
1122:and
1095:and
979:The
827:and
785:and
750:and
397:Soil
387:Self
342:Data
258:Good
75:news
2461:Sin
2095:Son
2015:God
1560:doi
1227:In
1189:In
1178:of
1154:or
928:or
920:or
890:or
854:.
748:lay
710:or
615:to
570:.
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