37:
326:
212:
piston engine in the fuselage drove three 47-foot-diameter (14 m) three-blade rotors mounted on outriggers which projected from the fuselage. The blades were constructed from resin-impregnated wood which provided enormous strength, and were manufactured by the
Glasgow furniture firm H. Morris
196:
Work on the W.11 commenced in 1945. The original W.11 configuration used two rotors transversely mounted either side at the front of the fuselage and a single rotor mounted on the centreline at the tail. This configuration was tested in 1947 with a scale-model in a wind tunnel at the
184:
dual transverse rotor helicopter. It is the only helicopter of its type ever built and included three lifting rotors all turning in the same direction. The adoption of three rotors was due to concerns over the capability of a single large rotor to generate the required lift.
277:. Development of the W.11 continued for a short time thereafter but was terminated by the British Government, and the remaining airframe, which had flown for less than 20 hours in total, was scrapped. Saunders-Roe continued development of the smaller
250:, Southampton, UK, were contracted to build the two W.11s under the direction of the Cierva Autogiro Company. With a payload of 6,720 lb (3,050 kg) it would have been a very capable sprayer and following the first flights in December
177:, Aircraft Department, reconstituted in 1943 as the Cierva Autogiro Company. The "W" in the designation is a continuation of the autogiro and helicopter series developed by G & J Weir, Ltd., during the period 1932ā1940.
1130:
188:
Torque balance was provided by slightly inclining each rotor axis to generate horizontal thrust components to provide anti-torque moments. The three rotor configuration was foreseen by
Belgian helicopter experimenter
205:, and much useful data on its performance was acquired. This determined that a single rotor at the front and the pair at the back of the fuselage was preferred for optimum stability and control.
1123:
273:
to decline to provide additional funds since the Cierva
Autogiro Company required ever-increasing investment. As a result, all of the company's development contracts were transferred to
193:
in his patent of 1926 which presented the aforementioned means for balancing the reaction on the fuselage of two or more torque driven lifting rotors turning in the same direction.
1116:
1931:
315:
test pilot), and Joseph K. Unsworth (flight engineer). The cause of the crash was due to fatigue failure of a swashplate carrier driving link in the front rotor hub.
213:& Co., Ltd. The W.11 rotor control system was hydraulically powered. It was the second helicopter ever to fly using such a system, the first being the
1906:
217:. The landing gear had a stroke of 5 ft (1.5 m) to cater for high descent rates in the event of engine failure during low-altitude operations.
840:
612:
444:
157 imp gal (189 US gal; 710 L) in a fuselage fuel tank; oil tank 15 imp gal (18 US gal; 68 L)
1926:
1921:
582:
643:"Discussing the Helicopter : The Cierva W.ll "Air Horse"Described and Evaluated : Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Rotors"
357:
269:. This was abandoned after the accident with the first W.11. The death of three long-time colleagues in the accident prompted financier
161:
Only two aircraft were built, further development by Cierva was stopped after the crash of the first one and little work was done under
228:
the design was modified to meet a requirement from Pest
Control, Ltd., for use as a crop sprayer ("Spraying Mantis") in Africa for the
1901:
1448:
1687:
703:
1896:
1604:
258:
to assist in development. However, the exit of
Cunliffe-Owen from the aircraft business in 1947 delayed development of the W.11.
1916:
1911:
1825:
807:
150:
during the mid-1940s. The largest helicopter in the world at the time of its debut, the Air Horse was unusual for using three
1732:
613:"Air Horse part two : A Further Examination of the Largest and Heaviest Helicopter in the World : Control Features"
1559:
1223:
833:
1290:
198:
1108:
1679:
1463:
1664:
1504:
1174:
233:
1727:
1669:
1361:
1886:
1790:
1381:
826:
1717:
1315:
907:
143:
65:
1891:
1589:
1458:
1405:
1277:
1243:
1238:
243:
60:
668:
620:
590:
1760:
1712:
1519:
1496:
765:
753:
642:
551:
308:
1853:
1780:
1765:
1443:
1263:
1258:
1233:
1164:
1081:
294:
202:
1752:
1614:
1574:
1524:
1366:
1305:
1295:
1228:
1199:
1179:
1159:
247:
1707:
1619:
1569:
1534:
1529:
1415:
1169:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
993:
988:
983:
951:
941:
931:
926:
451:
353:
343:
312:
209:
87:
1066:
382:
The
Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1949-50, Flight 7 April 1949
36:
1863:
1810:
1785:
1770:
1722:
1204:
1139:
1061:
1056:
858:
849:
699:
270:
181:
126:
402:
cabin capacity 825 cubic feet (23.4 m) cabin (up to 24 passengers in production version)
1858:
1795:
1775:
1544:
1468:
1438:
1285:
1151:
1143:
367:
304:
262:
251:
237:
229:
225:
151:
1835:
1820:
1742:
1659:
1654:
1484:
1473:
1433:
1390:
1371:
1330:
1320:
1300:
1253:
1248:
1184:
255:
190:
1848:
1805:
1554:
1549:
1395:
1325:
1214:
1189:
1097:
583:"Air Horse : Design Analysis' of the Largest and Heaviest Helicopter in the World"
147:
360:
for a crop spraying helicopter, requirement was cancelled and the W.11T was not built.
1880:
1815:
1800:
1737:
1649:
1644:
1599:
1584:
1579:
1564:
1400:
1310:
1194:
221:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1624:
1479:
1453:
1351:
278:
274:
162:
76:
1594:
1539:
1428:
1356:
1273:
1038:
1003:
998:
978:
972:
967:
962:
956:
946:
936:
17:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1609:
1423:
1071:
1048:
921:
916:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
813:
793:
785:
777:
214:
174:
139:
1514:
165:
before the project was ended and the second aircraft was scrapped in 1951.
1843:
1509:
155:
325:
154:
mounted on outriggers, and driven by a single engine mounted inside the
1343:
818:
324:
293:
made its first flight on 7 December 1948 and was displayed at the
173:
The W.11 "Air Horse" heavy lift helicopter was developed by the
1112:
822:
454:
V-12 liquid cooled piston engine, 1,620 hp (1,210 kW)
739:
The
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982ā1985)
220:
Roles envisaged for the W.11 included passenger transport,
723:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. pp. 41cā42c.
420:
95 ft 0 in (28.96 m) rear rotors tip to tip
261:
A proposed enlarged development using two
Merlins or two
281:, which was a main/tail rotor configuration helicopter.
303:
crashed on 13 June 1950, claiming the lives of Sqn Ldr
747:
Journal of the
Helicopter Association of Great Britain
481:
140 mph (230 km/h, 120 kn) at sea level
505:
330 mi (530 km, 290 nmi) in still air
1834:
1751:
1678:
1493:
1414:
1380:
1342:
1272:
1213:
1150:
1090:
1047:
906:
857:
122:
114:
106:
101:
93:
83:
71:
59:
51:
46:
29:
577:
575:
487:95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn) best range
619:. 14 April 1949. pp. 427ā431. Archived from
589:. 7 April 1949. pp. 398ā403. Archived from
352:Proposal for an enlarged variant powered by two
535:790 ft/min (4.0 m/s) initial vertical
318:Approximately one year later, the second W.11,
698:. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions. p. 262.
342:Prototype three-rotor helicopter powered by a
1124:
834:
814:Cierva W.11 Air Horse; The Triple Rotor Heavy
8:
41:Cierva W.11 prototype conducts a test flight
1932:Aviation accidents and incidents in England
1131:
1117:
1109:
841:
827:
819:
26:
669:"Here and There : Air Horse Inquest"
499:116 mph (101 kn; 187 km/h)
810:film footage of Cierva Air Horse in 1949
786:Rotary Wing Aircraft with Plural Rotors.
547:3.36 lb/sq ft (16.4 kg/m)
721:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1949-50
571:
329:Rear view, the three rotors can be seen
1091:Cierva Autogiro Company and Rotorcraft
797:. Cyril George Pullin, Kenneth Watson.
493:55 mph (48 kn; 89 km/h)
808:"World Buyers Acclaim British Planes"
745:The Cierva Air Horse. Jacob Shapiro.
517:23,300 ft (7,100 m) service
408:3,755 lb (1,703 kg) payload
7:
789:Cyril George Pullin, Kenneth Watson.
466:5,205 sq ft (483.6 m)
55:Single-engine three-rotor helicopter
649:. 2 December 1948. pp. 665ā668
414:88 ft 7 in (27.00 m)
396:3, pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer
1449:de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk
1142:manufactured in Britain since the
696:The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft
426:17 ft 9 in (5.41 m)
232:. Two aircraft were ordered under
180:The W.11 was a development of the
25:
1907:Single-engined piston helicopters
366:Proposed freighter variant using
265:turboprops was designated as the
224:, and aerial crane. In September
1605:Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig
556:10.8 lb/hp (6.6 kg/kW)
541:1,210 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
358:Air Ministry Specification 10/48
346:inline piston engine, two built.
307:AFC (chief test pilot), Sqn Ldr
35:
754:"Giving The Air Horse Its Head"
719:Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1949).
539:Rate of climb initial inclined:
1733:Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer
438:17,500 lb (7,938 kg)
432:12,140 lb (5,507 kg)
254:a grant was received from the
1:
1560:Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter
523:28,000 ft (8,500 m)
1927:Transverse rotor helicopters
1922:Aircraft first flown in 1948
529:5,000 ft (1,500 m)
491:Cruise speed best endurance:
199:Royal Aircraft Establishment
1464:British Aerospace Jetstream
694:Donald, David, ed. (1997).
1948:
1688:Armstrong Whitworth Argosy
1505:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52
1384: / anti-submarine
1175:English Electric Lightning
460:3 Ć 47 ft (14 m)
234:Air Ministry Specification
1902:1940s British helicopters
1728:Scottish Aviation Pioneer
1670:Youngman-Baynes High Lift
1362:English Electric Canberra
34:
1234:de Havilland Sea Vampire
1897:1940s British airliners
1718:Hawker Siddeley Andover
1316:Hawker Siddeley Harrier
1229:de Havilland Sea Hornet
908:Cierva Autogiro Company
772:: 106. 23 January 1953.
387:General characteristics
144:Cierva Autogiro Company
66:Cierva Autogiro Company
1917:Cunliffe-Owen aircraft
1912:Multirotor helicopters
1590:Hawker Siddeley P.1127
1459:Handley Page Jetstream
1406:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod
1244:de Havilland Sea Vixen
1239:de Havilland Sea Venom
354:Rolls-Royce Merlin 502
330:
244:Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft
1766:AgustaWestland Merlin
1761:AgustaWestland Apache
1713:Handley Page Hastings
794:Multirotor Helicopter
760:: 25. 5 January 1950.
497:Cruise speed maximum:
452:Rolls-Royce Merlin 24
375:Specifications (W.11)
370:turboprops, not built
344:Rolls-Royce Merlin 24
328:
136:Cierva W.11 Air Horse
1854:Slingsby Grasshopper
1444:Boulton Paul Balliol
1264:Supermarine Scimitar
1259:Supermarine Attacker
1165:de Havilland Vampire
458:Main rotor diameter:
295:Farnborough Air Show
175:G & J Weir, Ltd.
1665:Supermarine Seagull
1615:Saunders-Roe SR.A/1
1575:Handley Page HP.115
1525:Blackburn Firecrest
1367:Handley Page Victor
1321:Panavia Tornado IDS
1306:Eurofighter Typhoon
1296:Blackburn Buccaneer
1200:Panavia Tornado ADV
1180:Eurofighter Typhoon
1160:de Havilland Hornet
975:(de Havilland C.24)
766:"British Portfolio"
749:, Vol.2 No.4, 1949.
741:. Orbis Publishing.
436:Max takeoff weight:
285:Operational history
279:Cierva W.14 Skeeter
47:General information
1826:Westland Whirlwind
1791:Westland Dragonfly
1708:Blackburn Beverley
1620:Saunders-Roe SR.53
1570:Handley Page HP.88
1535:Boulton Paul P.120
1530:Boulton Paul P.111
1170:de Havilland Venom
331:
313:Ministry of Supply
210:Rolls-Royce Merlin
88:Ministry of Supply
1872:
1871:
1864:Slingsby Sedbergh
1811:Westland Sea King
1786:Westland Commando
1771:Bristol Belvedere
1723:Percival Pembroke
1205:Supermarine Swift
1140:Military aircraft
1106:
1105:
859:Juan de la Cierva
781:. Nicolas Florine
356:engines, to meet
309:John "Jeep" Cable
248:Eastleigh Airport
142:developed by the
132:
131:
16:(Redirected from
1939:
1859:Slingsby Prefect
1796:Westland Gazelle
1776:Bristol Sycamore
1545:Cierva Air Horse
1469:Percival Provost
1334:
1331:Westland Wyvern
1286:BAC Strikemaster
1144:Second World War
1133:
1126:
1119:
1110:
843:
836:
829:
820:
796:
788:
780:
773:
761:
742:
725:
724:
716:
710:
709:
691:
685:
684:
682:
680:
675:: 4. 6 July 1950
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
639:
633:
632:
630:
628:
609:
603:
602:
600:
598:
579:
521:Absolute ceiling
515:Service ceiling:
474:
464:Main rotor area:
389:
368:Rolls-Royce Dart
263:Rolls-Royce Dart
236:E.19/46 in July
230:groundnut scheme
39:
27:
21:
18:Cierva Air Horse
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1887:Cierva aircraft
1877:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1830:
1821:Westland Wessex
1747:
1743:Vickers Valetta
1674:
1660:Supermarine 545
1655:Supermarine 508
1495:
1489:
1485:Vickers Varsity
1474:Percival Prince
1434:BAC Jet Provost
1410:
1391:Avro Shackleton
1382:Maritime patrol
1376:
1372:Vickers Valiant
1338:
1332:
1301:Bristol Brigand
1268:
1254:Hawker Sea Hawk
1249:Hawker Sea Fury
1224:BAE Sea Harrier
1209:
1185:Gloster Javelin
1146:
1137:
1107:
1102:
1086:
1043:
959:(Avro Type 620)
902:
853:
847:
804:
792:
784:
776:
764:
752:
737:
734:
732:Further reading
729:
728:
718:
717:
713:
706:
693:
692:
688:
678:
676:
667:
666:
662:
652:
650:
641:
640:
636:
626:
624:
611:
610:
606:
596:
594:
581:
580:
573:
563:
470:
385:
377:
336:
287:
256:Colonial Office
191:Nicolas Florine
171:
110:7 December 1948
79:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Slingsby Cadet
1846:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Westland Scout
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Fairey Delta 2
1552:
1550:Fairey Delta 1
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Fairey Firefly
1393:
1387:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1326:SEPECAT Jaguar
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:BAE Harrier II
1288:
1282:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1190:Gloster Meteor
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1077:W.11 Air Horse
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
970:
965:
960:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
864:
862:
855:
854:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
817:
816:
811:
803:
802:External links
800:
799:
798:
790:
782:
774:
762:
750:
743:
733:
730:
727:
726:
711:
704:
686:
660:
634:
623:on 9 June 2013
604:
593:on 9 June 2013
570:
569:
568:
567:
562:
559:
558:
557:
548:
542:
536:
533:Rate of climb:
530:
527:Hover ceiling:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
479:Maximum speed:
468:
467:
461:
455:
445:
442:Fuel capacity:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
376:
373:
372:
371:
364:
361:
350:
347:
340:
335:
332:
322:was scrapped.
286:
283:
170:
167:
148:United Kingdom
130:
129:
124:
123:Developed from
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
30:W.11 Air Horse
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Saro aircraft
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Westland Wasp
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Westland Lynx
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Short Belfast
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Beagle Basset
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Slingsby T.53
1648:
1646:
1645:Short Sperrin
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Hunting H.126
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Hawker P.1072
1583:
1581:
1580:Hawker P.1052
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
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1565:Folland Midge
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1401:Fairey Gannet
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271:James G. Weir
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1874:
1781:Saro Skeeter
1698:Auster AOP.9
1693:Auster AOP.6
1625:Short Seamew
1497:experimental
1480:Short Tucano
1454:Folland Gnat
1352:Avro Lincoln
1276: /
1082:W.14 Skeeter
1076:
769:
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677:. Retrieved
672:
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651:. Retrieved
646:
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625:. Retrieved
621:the original
616:
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595:. Retrieved
591:the original
586:
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275:Saunders Roe
266:
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179:
172:
163:Saunders Roe
160:
135:
133:
107:First flight
94:Number built
84:Primary user
77:Cyril Pullin
61:Manufacturer
1753:Helicopters
1595:Heston JC.6
1540:Bristol 188
1476:/Sea Prince
1429:Avro Athena
1357:Avro Vulcan
679:23 November
653:23 November
627:23 November
597:23 November
472:Performance
448:Powerplant:
203:Farnborough
169:Development
1881:Categories
1640:Short SC.1
1635:Short SB.5
1630:Short SB.3
1610:Saro P.531
1424:Avro Anson
1049:Weir Group
778:Helicopter
561:References
552:Power/mass
509:Endurance:
305:Alan Marsh
246:, Ltd. at
215:Cierva W.9
140:helicopter
1680:Transport
1515:BAC TSR-2
511:4.3 hours
400:Capacity:
380:Data from
297:in 1949.
1844:EoN Eton
1510:Avro 707
1439:BAE Hawk
1416:Trainers
1217:fighters
1152:Fighters
852:aircraft
406:Payload:
334:Variants
182:Weir W.6
156:fuselage
127:Weir W.6
72:Designer
1836:Gliders
1520:BAe EAP
1344:Bombers
1333:(naval)
1098:CR Twin
861:(Spain)
424:Height:
412:Length:
146:in the
115:Retired
102:History
1274:Strike
850:Cierva
770:Flight
758:Flight
702:
673:Flight
647:Flight
617:Flight
587:Flight
503:Range:
418:Width:
320:G-ALCW
301:G-ALCV
291:G-ALCV
152:rotors
138:was a
1215:Naval
566:Notes
394:Crew:
349:W.11T
289:W.11
267:W.11T
1039:C.40
1034:C.39
1029:C.37
1024:C.34
1019:C.33
1014:C.32
1009:C.31
1004:C.30
999:C.29
994:C.28
989:C.27
984:C.26
979:C.25
973:C.24
968:C.21
963:C.20
957:C.19
952:C.18
947:C.17
942:C.14
937:C.12
932:C.11
927:C.10
910:(UK)
700:ISBN
681:2018
655:2018
629:2018
599:2018
450:1 Ć
363:W.12
339:W.11
252:1948
238:1946
226:1945
158:.
134:The
118:1950
52:Type
1072:W.9
1067:W.6
1062:W.5
1057:W.4
922:C.9
917:C.8
898:C.7
893:C.6
888:C.5
883:C.4
878:C.3
873:C.2
868:C.1
311:, (
201:at
1883::
768:.
756:.
671:.
645:.
615:.
585:.
574:^
240:.
208:A
1132:e
1125:t
1118:v
842:e
835:t
828:v
708:.
683:.
657:.
631:.
601:.
554::
97:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
