29:
795:). In Quebec civil law, an injury can only be characterized as a bodily injury if "some form of a breach of physical integrity" is made out, and "interferences with rights properly characterized as being of a moral nature will not be included within this class of claims". The cap does not apply to non-pecuniary damages stemming from material injury, and, in this case, Robinson's non-pecuniary damages were analogous to those claimed by a victim of
758:
itself created by copying a substantial part of
Robinson's work. The trial judge was entitled to conclude that the soundtrack had no stand-alone value, and that it generated profits only as an accessory to the television show. Consequently, he did not make a reviewable error in concluding that it was inappropriate to apportion profits to the soundtrack as a non-infringing component of the work.
627:... the "part" which is regarded as substantial can be a feature or combination of features of the work, abstracted from it rather than forming a discrete part.... he original elements in the plot of a play or novel may be a substantial part, so that copyright may be infringed by a work which does not reproduce a single sentence of the original.
892:
There are implications as to the use of expert evidence arising from the Court's observation that, while the "intended lay observer" may be a useful starting point, the ultimate assessment should be done from the perspective of "a person whose senses and knowledge allow him or her to fully assess and
1146:
Cinar was connected with a criminal fraud investigation then being undertaken. On May 12, 2014, co-founder Ronald
Weinberg, John Xanthoudakis of Norshield Financial Group and Lino Matteo of Mount Real Corp. were charged with 26 counts of fraud in Montreal Superior Court. They were convicted on most
829:
The case had received substantial and ongoing following in the Quebec media, because of the issues it raised about creators' rights. Evidence at the original trial revealed a series of financial improprieties at Cinar, including earnings misstatements, improperly handled related party transactions,
703:
the question of whether there has been substantial copying focuses on whether the copied features constitute a substantial part of the plaintiff's work — not whether they amount to a substantial part of the defendant's work. However, if the differences are so great that the work, viewed as a whole,
610:
A substantial part of a work is a flexible notion. It is a matter of fact and degree. "Whether a part is substantial must be decided by its quality rather than its quantity" What constitutes a substantial part is determined in relation to the originality of the work that warrants the protection of
723:
For expert evidence to be admitted at trial, it must (a) be relevant; (b) be necessary to assist the trier of fact; (c) not offend any exclusionary rule; and (d) involve a properly qualified expert. In the present case, the use of an expert was necessary, as the works at issue were intended for an
946:
When the Court of Appeal rendered its decision in 2011, $ 3,250,000 was ordered to be paid and held in trust, pending the outcome at the SCC. As the SCC ruled that solidary liability did not apply, it is questioned whether the extra damages resulting from the SCC decision will be paid, due to the
605:
protects original literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, it does not protect every "particle" of an original work, and the copyright owner has the sole right to reproduce "the work or any substantial part thereof". What constitutes a substantial part has been the subject of considerable
76:
Claude
Robinson and Les Productions Nilem inc. v. France Animation S.A., Ravensburger Film + TV GmbH, Videal Gesellschaft Zur Hertellung Von Audiovisuellen Produkten MHB, RTV Family Entertainment AG, Christian Davin, Christophe Izard, Les Films Cinar inc., Cinar Corporation, 3918203 Canada Inc.,
757:
The Court of Appeal erred by interfering with the trial judge's conclusion that the profits stemming from the soundtrack could not be dissociated from the profits derived from the infringing material. The soundtrack was only commercialized as a component of the television show Sucroë, which was
740:
On the other hand, it also agreed with the Quebec Court of Appeal in concluding that the CEO of France
Animation could not be held personally liable for copyright infringement on any of the grounds argued. The trial judge established Davin's liability by presumption, but courts may only rely on
1066:
850:
The SCC decision attracted considerable comment in the
Canadian legal profession, not least because this was the seventh ruling to come down from the Court on copyright law in eighteen months. One legal commentator said that, "For copyright lawyers, this case is a goldmine — a
618:
A substantial part of a work is not limited to the words on the page or the brushstrokes on the canvas. The Act protects authors against both literal and non-literal copying, so long as the copied material forms a substantial part of the infringed work. As the
896:
There is also concern as to the issues relating to access to justice (ie, 20 years spent in the courts, the high legal fees incurred, the availability of legal insurance to the corporate defendants but not to the plaintiff), which lead to the observation that
1094:
736:
The trial judge concluded from the whole of the evidence that
Weinberg and Charest deliberately, wilfully, and knowingly infringed Robinson's copyright, and this was supported by the evidence. The SCC agreed with this conclusion.
864:
The SCC affirmed the findings at the trial court and, to a lesser extent, at the Court of Appeal, so lawyers will need to consult those rulings as well to provide the detailed infringement analysis necessary to understand the
842:), and numerous administrative and judicial proceedings. It has also generated significant debate as to how effective managerial, governance and market oversight mechanisms are in the context of financial misreporting.
699:
analysis. The cumulative effect of the features copied from the work must be considered, to determine whether those features amount to a substantial part of the creator's skill and judgment expressed in his work as a
2300:
1964:
715:
The development of a group of characters that have specific personality traits and whose interactions hinge on those personalities can require an exercise of skill and judgment sufficient to satisfy the
704:
is not an imitation but rather a new and original work, then there is no infringement. The trial judge concluded that, despite any differences between the works, it was still possible to identify in
813:. However, liability on a solidary basis is not to be presumed. While neither of the courts below had expressed it in this manner, the Court of Appeal was held to have reached the correct decision.
1137:, the Court stated that it "is generally used in cases where an infringement allows the infringer to commercialize a good in a more profitable manner than he could have without the infringement."
807:
In Quebec, punitive damages can only be awarded where they are provided for by a specific enabling enactment. In this case, they were based on
Robinson's right to dignity under that province's
1104:
2325:
2204:
1762:
1032:
749:
As copyright infringement had been found to have occurred, it was unnecessary to examine the issue of extra-contractual liability. That had only been argued as an alternative case.
2346:
816:
While the trial judge had awarded $ 1,000,000 and the Court of Appeal reduced it to $ 250,000, the SCC decided that $ 500,000 was a more proportionate amount in the circumstances.
589:) had the burden of proving the loss of copyright, which they failed to discharge. The SCC did not interfere with the conclusions of the courts below, and agreed that the title to
522:
stated that punitive damages in Quebec must be moderate, and accordingly reduced the amount awarded by the trial judge, and held that they could not be awarded on a solidary basis.
1147:
of the counts on June 2, 2016. On June 22, 2016, Weinberg was sentenced to 8 years and 11 months in prison, and the other two received sentences of 7 years and 11 months each.
402:, contending that Cinar and its principals had breached their obligations of good faith and loyalty, and that in doing so they knowingly caused damages to Robinson and Nilem.
64:
Ronald A. Weinberg and Ronald A. Weinberg, in his capacity as sole liquidator of the succession of the late
Micheline Charest v. Claude Robinson and Les Productions Nilem inc.
774:, which makes co-authors of a fault solidarily liable for the "obligation to make reparation for injury caused to another". In this respect, the Court of Appeal was correct.
615:. As a general proposition, a substantial part of a work is a part of the work that represents a substantial portion of the author's skill and judgment expressed therein.
2366:
499:
confirmed his findings of personal liability for copyright infringement, except for the CEO of France
Animation, against whom the evidence was insufficient in its view,
695:
test may prove useful in determining whether substantial portions of works such as computer programs have been copied, many types of works do not lend themselves to a
1741:
885:
642:
2186:
550:
to pursue the case, as the latter parties no longer had a financial interest in the character (having been transferred by a 1987 agreement to another corporation).
943:
was. In
Canadian copyright jurisprudence, derivative works are defined by what they are not, which suggests that further litigation will be needed in that area.
931:
The analysis by the trial judge and the Court of Appeal (which was supported by the SCC) has also attracted discussion as to the impact this case may have on
1804:
1783:
889:
test appears to rise from a concern that its application will result in courts "missing the forest for the trees", but there is no explicit rejection of it.
724:
audience of young children, the nature of the works at issue made them difficult to compare, and the works at issue had both patent and latent similarities.
657:(e.g., in comparing the two, noting the use of human vs animal characters, the lack of villains vs the presence thereof, and curiosity vs the lack thereof);
1225:
2000:
2401:
1860:
893:
appreciate all relevant aspects – patent and latent – of the works at issue", which may be "someone reasonably versed in the relevant art or technology".
2036:
453:
Cinar and its principals were extra-contractually liable towards Robinson and Nilem for having violated their obligations of good faith and of loyalty.
2279:
70:
Christophe Izard, France Animation S.A., Ravensburger Film + TV GmbH and RTV Family Entertainment AG v. Claude Robinson and Les Productions Nilem inc.
2310:
1957:
2250:
2496:
1846:
1720:
593:
had reverted to the plaintiffs in 1990 under the terms of the 1987 agreement, following the dissolution of the other corporation in question.
505:
rejected the trial judge's order for disgorgement of profits against Cinar's principals (because those profits were retained by corporations),
2432:
2071:
2511:
1043:
809:
519:
cap," and reduced the amount awarded by the trial judge to an amount representing 50 percent of the cap's value at the date of the summons.
331:, listing Robinson as author and Les Productions Nilem inc., a corporation of which he was the sole shareholder, as the owner of the work.
215:
880:
and formats, and infringement can occur when subsequent audiovisual works use their elements without ever actually literally copying them.
295:
Claude Robinson was a dreamer. He spent years meticulously crafting an imaginary universe for an educational children's television show...
2110:
2506:
1842:
1014:
303:
In 1982, Claude Robinson, an artist, drew the first sketches of the characters for a proposed children's television series to be called
2501:
2015:
1889:
2132:
175:
2222:
1174:
1767:
1746:
1725:
77:
Ronald A. Weinberg and Ronald A. Weinberg, in his capacity as sole liquidator of the succession of the late Micheline Charest
385:, and subsequently discovered that Cinar, together with several of its principals, were also involved in its production.
2427:
922:
did not offer a principled approach on the matter, others contend that lost profits from so-called "convoyed" goods are
2516:
2160:
1387:
1052:
457:
2255:
2227:
2063:
1173:
on 24 January 2014. Enforcement of the Ravensburger portion of the judgment is subject to specific requirements in
1455:
1048:
963:
a Canadian legal term describing the principle governing the amounts that can be awarded for damages arising from
1908:
640:
approach as opposed to an "abstraction-filtration-comparison" approach such as has been used in the US courts in
2095:
585:
Under Canadian jurisprudence, the appellants (in this case, Ronald Weinberg and the succession of his late wife
564:
Robinson and Nilem appealed the reduction in damages and disgorgement of profits ordered by the Court of Appeal.
1120:, 3 SCR 489. The first five cases, decided in July 2012, have since become known as the "Copyright Pentalogy".
558:
411:
2405:
1868:
918:
guidance for the accounting of profits to the field of copyright law. While some commentators suggested that
830:
and tax fraud, which led to the ouster of its founders, its delisting from Canadian stock exchanges and from
2473:
1824:
323:
240:
208:
122:
114:
34:
2454:
1486:
980:
1459:
696:
487:
389:
1326:
988:
972:
2056:
The Copyright Pentalogy: How the Supreme Court of Canada Shook the Foundations of Canadian Copyright Law
1196:
1160:
450:
the chief executive officer of France Animation at that time was personally liable for the infringement.
261:
1165:
1968:
947:
foreign residence of some of the parties and the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency arising for others.
28:
2481:
2305:
2209:
2137:
1685:
1660:
1623:
1553:
1537:
1494:
1301:
1285:
1269:
1253:
1212:
1117:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1071:
791:
770:
477:
465:
398:
222:
2054:
321:, but also on his own life experiences. In 1985, a certificate of registration was issued under the
2301:"Fraud trial of Cinar founder Ronald Weinberg and investment execs begins in Quebec Superior Court"
1084:
279:
2387:
2225:[The Court of Appeal orders the money owing to Claude Robinson to be deposited in trust].
1067:
Entertainment Software Association v. Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
334:
In the same year, Robinson and Nilem stepped up their efforts for the promotion and production of
2351:
2330:
2284:
1994:"Financial Reporting Frauds: A Manifestation of Hubris in the C-Suite? Some Exploratory Evidence"
1809:
1716:
1229:
964:
574:
473:
171:
149:
1593:
1366:
1348:
2067:
1114:
Reference re Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-167 and Broadcasting Order CRTC 2010-168
869:
586:
509:
2477:
1041: (2d Cir. 1992)., discussed, though not formally adopted, in Canadian jurisprudence:
1913:
1864:
1788:
835:
396:. They also claimed damages under the rules of extra-contractual liability contained in the
366:
357:
265:
179:
58:
Cinar Corporation and Les Films Cinar inc. v. Claude Robinson and Les Productions Nilem inc.
1944:
1893:
1156:
1076:
Rogers Communications Inc. v. Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
1038:
932:
902:
676:
352:
347:
317:
308:
1958:"Notice Of Pendency Of Class Action, Proposed Partial Settlements And Settlement Hearing"
136:
Appeals in files 34466, 34467 and 34468 dismissed. Appeal in file 34469 allowed in part.
1400:
Designer Guild Limited v. Russell Williams (Textiles) Limited (Trading As Washington Dc)
2118:
2020:
1993:
877:
852:
620:
547:
502:
upheld the trial judge's award of compensatory damages (subject to a minor correction),
272:
167:
2490:
2050:
525:
affirmed the trial judge's award of costs, but declined to award costs on the appeal.
244:
88:
1892:. Agence nationale d'encadrement du secteur financier. 24 March 2004. Archived from
1681:
1656:
1549:
1533:
1403:
1297:
1281:
787:
766:
741:
presumptions that are "serious, precise and concordant". In that respect, he erred.
577:, the first three appeals were dismissed and the fourth appeal was allowed in part.
1019:
1000:
636:
failed to follow the correct approach to assessing substantiality, by preferring a
362:
2223:"La Cour d'appel ordonne le dépôt de l'argent dû à Claude Robinson en fidéicommis"
858:
Legal commentators have also pointed out certain areas for further consideration:
392:
against Cinar, its principals, and other parties connected with the production of
1265:
1249:
2371:
1481:
1170:
924:
680:
163:
159:
2037:"Copyright Castaway, Part II: The Supreme Court brings Robinson Crusoe ashore"
1129:
While overturning the Court of Appeal's use of the "differential approach" of
796:
512:
in common law) rather than solidarily, but reduced the amount to be disgorged,
461:
1489:, 2 SCR 9 (5 May 1994), held to apply to intellectual property cases in
1095:
Alberta (Education) v. Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright)
839:
469:
1085:
Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Bell Canada
786:
cap, as that only applies to cases of bodily injury (within the meaning of
2367:"Dessins animés: l'administrateur judiciaire prend les rênes de Moonscoop"
712:
and that these features constituted a substantial part of Robinson's work.
2326:"Cinar founder Ronald Weinberg, two others found guilty on fraud charges"
1828:
1784:"Supreme Court increases Claude Robinson's award in Cinar copyright case"
637:
443:
Cinar, its principals, and other companies involved in the production of
1323:
Massie & Renwick, Limited v. Underwriters' Survey Bureau Ltd. et al.
649:
failed to give sufficient weight to the significant differences between
257:
1918:
939:
recordings, especially in the context of incomplete creations such as
2369:[Animation: The administrator takes the reins at Moonscoop].
1169:") in France on 20 June 2013, from which its assets were disposed to
831:
378:
370:
2035:
Casey Chisick; Peter Henein; Stephanie Voudoris (24 December 2013).
761:
However, solidarity of profits ordered disgorged under s. 35 of the
253:
how to assess if a "substantial part" of a work has been reproduced,
936:
424:
was an original work protected by copyright, that the creators of
339:
2251:"Claude Robinson obtient gain de cause, mais pas tout son argent"
1965:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
883:
The continuing refusal of Canadian courts to expressly adopt the
876:
establishes clear authority that copyright resides in proposals,
2458:
2428:"Recognition and Enforcement of U.S. Money Judgments in Germany"
2253:[Claude Robinson wins his case, but not all his money].
1992:
Michel Magnan; Denis Cormier; Pascale Lapointe-Antunes (2013).
2347:"Cinar founder Weinberg given nearly nine years in fraud case"
728:
In all respects, the trial judge did not err in his decision.
1890:"In the matter of Cinar Corporation (MRRS Decision Document)"
535:
Cinar contended that there was no copyright infringement, as
456:
damages should be awarded on a solidary basis (equivalent to
546:
Cinar's principals contended that Robinson and Nilem lacked
553:
Cinar, its principals and the other parties connected with
342:, but those efforts were unsuccessful for nearly 10 years.
1384:
Ladbroke (Football), Ltd. v. William Hill (Football), Ltd.
2191:: Are Derivative Works Afloat in Murky Copyright Waters?"
1105:
Re:Sound v. Motion Picture Theatre Associations of Canada
855:— of important copyright holdings by the Supreme Court."
508:
ordered disgorgement on a joint basis (the equivalent of
247:, which has impact in many key aspects of it, including:
2280:"Cinar fraud arrest caps tale that rocked film industry"
515:
declared that damages for suffering are subject to the "
476:, damages for psychological harm, punitive damages, and
2016:"CEO ego best indicator of financial fraud, study says"
1051: at par. 43–47, 58 OR (3d) 339 (1 March 2002),
745:
Extra-contractual liability of Cinar and its principals
361:), a work produced by Cinar, France Animation S.A. and
2324:
Marotte, Bertrand; Van Praet, Nicolas (June 2, 2016).
1033:
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
977:
Thornton v. School Dist. No. 57 (Prince George) et al.
561:
that they knowingly engaged in copyright infringement.
1861:"Cookie Jar Group acquires CINAR for US$ 144 million"
1744:[Claude Robinson v. Cinar: Damages reduced].
632:
The Cinar appellants submitted that the trial judge:
1742:"Claude Robinson contre Cinar: les dommages réduits"
410:
After a trial that lasted 83 days, Auclair J of the
1626: at par. 62, 3 SCR 269 (12 September 2002)
1329: at pp. 233–234, SCR 218 (19 January 1940)
198:
190:
185:
155:
145:
140:
132:
105:
97:
87:
49:
42:
21:
496:upheld the trial judge's findings on infringement,
2205:Théberge v. Galerie d'Art du Petit Champlain inc.
608:
293:
660:made an error in finding that the features of
557:stated that Robinson failed to establish on a
1452:Productions Avanti Ciné Vidéo inc. c. Favreau
1159:(France Animation's successor) was placed in
643:Computer Associates Int'l, Inc. v. Altai Inc.
8:
2115:— The Supreme Court Talks Entertainment Law"
447:, were liable for infringement of copyright.
1723:[Claude discovers Robinson again].
1491:Masterpiece Inc. v. Alavida Lifestyles Inc.
539:did not constitute a "substantial part" of
388:Robinson and Nilem commenced an action for
345:On September 4, 1995, the first episode of
2180:
2178:
1765:[Claude Robinson wins his fight].
1761:Joël-Denis Bellavance (23 December 2013).
782:The Court of Appeal erred in applying the
1805:"A Make-Believe World, on Screen and Off"
1015:Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corporation
573:In a unanimous (7-0) decision written by
531:Several appeals were filed with the SCC:
983:, 2 SCR 267 (19 January 1978), and
2259:(in French). Montreal. 23 December 2013
2096:"Robinson v Cinar in the Supreme Court"
1940:In Re CINAR Corp. Securities Litigation
1386:, 1 All ER 465 (H.L.), at p. 481, per
1189:
969:Andrews v. Grand & Toy Alberta Ltd.
956:
2231:(in French). Montreal. 9 December 2011
1847:British Columbia Securities Commission
1620:Schreiber v. Canada (Attorney General)
1406:, 1 All ER 700 (23 November 2000)
432:, and that the features reproduced in
18:
2433:Berkeley Journal of International Law
2404:. www.infofaillite.fr. Archived from
2159:Norman Siebrasse (26 February 2014).
1843:"Revocation Order: Cinar Corporation"
1044:Delrina Corp. v. Triolet Systems Inc.
7:
2185:Mekhala Chaubal (28 February 2013).
2039:. Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP.
1999:. École des sciences de la gestion,
975:, 2 SCR 229 (19 January 1978),
810:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
305:The Adventures of Robinson Curiosity
216:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
2402:"Redressement judiciaire Moonscoop"
2345:Marotte, Bertrand (June 22, 2016).
1197:SCC Case Information - Docket 34466
1018:, 45 F.2d 119 (2nd Cir. 1930), per
732:Personal liability for infringement
675:based his findings on inadmissible
313:Les aventures de Robinson Curiosité
117: (20 July 2011), setting aside
2386:Jeremy Dickson (27 January 2014).
2375:(in French). Paris. 8 August 2013.
2109:Bob Tarantino (30 December 2013).
2094:Barry Sookman (24 December 2013).
2014:Theresa Tedesco (4 October 2011).
1967:. 9 September 2002. Archived from
1825:"Co-CEOs resign at troubled Cinar"
1763:"Claude Robinson gagne son combat"
991:, 2 SCR 287 (19 January 1978)
914:also extended the Court's earlier
436:represented a substantial part of
111:France Animation, s.a. c. Robinson
14:
2133:Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser
2388:"Ellipsanime acquires Moonscoop"
2212:, 2 SCR 336 (28 March 2002)
1782:Paul Delean (23 December 2013).
1740:Caroline Touzin (20 July 2011).
1226:"The MAN who brought down CINAR"
27:
2001:Université du Québec à Montréal
2140:, 1 SCR 902 (21 May 2004)
1947: (E.D. New York 2002).
1803:James Brooke (16 April 2000).
1598:(R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42), s. 35"
1497:, 2 SCR 387 (26 May 2011)
581:Standing of Robinson and Nilem
569:At the Supreme Court of Canada
315:), based in part on the novel
282:of directors for infringement.
1:
2497:Supreme Court of Canada cases
1371:(R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42), s. 3"
1353:(R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42), s. 5"
1209:Cinar Corporation v. Robinson
338:, including presentations to
2278:Julian Sher (2 March 2011).
1907:Nary Lamey (16 March 2002).
1867:. March 2004. Archived from
679:(i.e., through the use of a
264:, non-pecuniary damages and
119:Robinson c. Films Cinar inc.
16:Supreme Court of Canada case
2512:Canadian copyright case law
2455:"Operation Claude Robinson"
458:joint and several liability
363:Ravensburger Film + TV GmbH
260:for infringement including
2533:
2507:Canadian evidence case law
2426:Wolfgang Wurmnest (2005).
2064:University of Ottawa Press
1721:"Claude retrouve Robinson"
373:. Robinson perceived that
45:Judgment: 23 December 2013
43:Hearing: 13 February 2013
2502:2013 in Canadian case law
2171:. Sufficient Description.
1945:186 F.Supp.2d 279
1909:"QSC hides Cinar hearing"
834:, its acquisition by the
597:Infringement of copyright
239:is a leading case of the
203:
26:
935:, such as those used in
868:From the perspective of
765:cannot be inferred from
720:s originality criterion.
559:balance of probabilities
412:Superior Court of Quebec
275:in a copyright case, and
2474:Supreme Court of Canada
1215: (23 December 2013)
1199:Supreme Court of Canada
1166:redressement judiciaire
753:Disgorgement of profits
474:disgorgement of profits
241:Supreme Court of Canada
35:Supreme Court of Canada
2476:decision available at
1771:(in French). Montreal.
1750:(in French). Montreal.
1729:(in French). Montreal.
1458: (4 August 1999),
1404:[2000] UKHL 58
1175:German civil procedure
668:were protected by the
630:
488:Quebec Court of Appeal
390:copyright infringement
356:
312:
300:
2256:Ici Radio-Canada Télé
2228:Ici Radio-Canada Télé
1161:bankruptcy protection
1055:(Ontario, Canada)
778:Non-pecuniary damages
708:features copied from
262:accounting of profits
236:Cinar Corp v Robinson
125: (26 August 2009)
22:Cinar Corp v Robinson
2306:The Montreal Gazette
1462:(Quebec, Canada)
1039:982 F.2d 693
466:compensatory damages
399:Civil Code of Quebec
223:Civil Code of Quebec
191:Unanimous reasons by
2169:and Convoyed Goods"
2098:. barrysookman.com.
1896:on January 4, 2014.
1849:. 24 February 2004.
1064:The other six were
693:Computer Associates
687:The SCC held that:
365:, was broadcast on
280:vicarious liability
2517:Canadian animation
2352:The Globe and Mail
2331:The Globe and Mail
2285:The Globe and Mail
1810:The New York Times
1719:(27 August 2009).
1717:Nathalie Petrowski
1230:The Globe and Mail
1112:, 2 SCR 376, and
965:pain and suffering
336:Robinson Curiosity
329:Robinson Curiosity
256:the assessment of
172:Marshall Rothstein
150:Beverley McLachlin
2193:. Shift Law Blog.
2189:Cinar v. Robinson
2073:978-0-7766-2084-8
1697:SCC, par. 113–132
1456:1999 CanLII 13258
1049:2002 CanLII 11389
967:, originating in
870:entertainment law
587:Micheline Charest
510:several liability
340:Cinar Corporation
232:
231:
2524:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2457:. Archived from
2442:
2441:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2313:on May 13, 2014.
2309:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2219:
2213:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2113:Cinar v Robinson
2106:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2061:
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2041:
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2032:
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2011:
2005:
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1998:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1917:. Archived from
1914:Montreal Gazette
1904:
1898:
1897:
1886:
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1877:
1876:
1865:Fasken Martineau
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
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1821:
1815:
1814:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1789:Montreal Gazette
1779:
1773:
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1751:
1737:
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1730:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1647:SCC, par. 95–109
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
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1566:
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1557:
1547:
1541:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
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1478:
1472:
1469:
1463:
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1434:
1431:
1425:
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1416:
1413:
1407:
1397:
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1381:
1375:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1279:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1178:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1062:
1056:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
961:
933:derivative works
836:Cookie Jar Group
803:Punitive damages
406:The courts below
367:Le Canal Famille
266:punitive damages
243:in the field of
180:Michael Moldaver
141:Court membership
128:
31:
19:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2487:
2486:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2202:
2198:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2149:SCC, par. 79–80
2148:
2144:
2130:
2126:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1831:. 7 March 2000.
1823:
1822:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1610:SCC, par. 85–89
1609:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1583:SCC, par. 76–80
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:SCC, par. 63–68
1564:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1532:
1528:
1524:SCC, par. 60–61
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:SCC, par. 49–55
1505:
1501:
1479:
1475:
1471:SCC, par. 43–47
1470:
1466:
1460:Court of Appeal
1450:
1446:
1442:SCC, par. 39–41
1441:
1437:
1433:SCC, par. 35–36
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1321:
1317:
1313:SCC, par. 11–12
1312:
1308:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1157:MoonScoop Group
1155:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1063:
1059:
1053:Court of Appeal
1030:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
962:
958:
953:
903:Pyrrhic victory
848:
827:
822:
805:
780:
755:
747:
734:
677:expert evidence
599:
583:
571:
486:On appeal, the
408:
358:Robinson Sucroë
348:Robinson Sucroe
318:Robinson Crusoe
301:
299:
291:
228:
176:Thomas Cromwell
156:Puisne Justices
126:
82:
44:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2530:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2470:
2449:
2448:External links
2446:
2444:
2443:
2418:
2393:
2378:
2358:
2337:
2316:
2299:Delean, Paul.
2291:
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2214:
2196:
2174:
2151:
2142:
2124:
2119:Heenan Blaikie
2101:
2086:
2072:
2053:, ed. (2013).
2042:
2027:
2021:Financial Post
2006:
1984:
1949:
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1603:
1585:
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1567:
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1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1487:1994 CanLII 80
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1331:
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1217:
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1188:
1186:
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1180:
1179:
1149:
1139:
1122:
1102:, 2 SCR 345,
1092:, 2 SCR 326,
1082:, 2 SCR 283,
1074:, 2 SCR 231,
1057:
1023:
1020:Learned Hand J
1005:
993:
985:Arnold v. Teno
981:1978 CanLII 12
955:
954:
952:
949:
909:
908:
907:
906:
901:may only be a
894:
890:
881:
866:
853:treasure trove
847:
844:
826:
823:
821:
818:
804:
801:
779:
776:
754:
751:
746:
743:
733:
730:
726:
725:
721:
718:Copyright Act'
713:
701:
685:
684:
673:
664:reproduced in
658:
647:
629:
628:
621:House of Lords
598:
595:
582:
579:
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567:
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464:), comprising
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168:Rosalie Abella
157:
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142:
138:
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134:
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123:2009 QCCS 3793
115:2011 QCCA 1361
107:
103:
102:
99:
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94:
91:
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84:
81:
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73:
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61:
54:
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50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
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32:
24:
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15:
13:
10:
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2:
2529:
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2508:
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2500:
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2494:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:Full text of
2471:
2461:on 2013-12-27
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2440:(1): 175–200.
2439:
2435:
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2429:
2422:
2419:
2408:on 2014-01-03
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2230:
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2197:
2192:
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2179:
2175:
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2168:
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2155:
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2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2125:
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2114:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:Michael Geist
2046:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1974:on 2004-09-15
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1966:
1959:
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1950:
1946:
1941:
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1932:
1921:on 2016-03-04
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1706:SCC, par. 141
1703:
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1599:
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1596:Copyright Act
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1568:
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1389:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1372:
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1369:Copyright Act
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1351:Copyright Act
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:1940 CanLII 1
1324:
1319:
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1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
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1123:
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1111:
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1077:
1073:
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1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1003:in common law
1002:
997:
994:
990:
989:1978 CanLII 2
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:1978 CanLII 1
970:
966:
960:
957:
950:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
928:recoverable.
927:
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900:
895:
891:
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845:
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841:
838:(now part of
837:
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811:
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800:
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768:
764:
763:Copyright Act
759:
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719:
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707:
702:
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670:Copyright Act
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613:Copyright Act
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603:Copyright Act
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324:Copyright Act
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209:Copyright Act
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186:Reasons given
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146:Chief Justice
144:
139:
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131:
124:
120:
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109:APPEALS from
108:
106:Prior history
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78:
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68:
65:
62:
59:
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48:
41:
37:
36:
30:
25:
20:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:the original
2437:
2431:
2421:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2396:
2390:. Kidscreen.
2381:
2370:
2361:
2350:
2340:
2329:
2319:
2311:the original
2304:
2294:
2283:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2203:
2199:
2188:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2104:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2055:
2045:
2030:
2019:
2009:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1952:
1939:
1934:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:the original
1912:
1902:
1894:the original
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1855:
1837:
1819:
1808:
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1787:
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1588:
1579:
1574:SCC, par. 69
1570:
1561:
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1515:SCC, par. 56
1511:
1502:
1490:
1480:
1476:
1467:
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1438:
1429:
1424:SCC, par. 35
1420:
1415:SCC, par. 32
1411:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1379:
1368:
1361:
1350:
1343:
1338:SCC, par. 21
1334:
1322:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1277:
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1252:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1232:. 2000-05-26
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606:litigation:
602:
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584:
575:McLachlin CJ
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382:
379:blatant copy
374:
346:
344:
335:
333:
328:
322:
316:
304:
302:
294:
235:
234:
233:
221:
214:
207:
199:Laws applied
194:McLachlin CJ
118:
110:
75:
69:
63:
57:
53:
33:
2372:Le Parisien
2263:29 December
2235:29 December
2210:2002 SCC 34
2138:2004 SCC 34
2079:29 December
1624:2002 SCC 61
1495:2011 SCC 27
1482:R. v. Mohan
1388:Lord Pearce
1213:2013 SCC 73
1171:Ellipsanime
1118:2012 SCC 68
1110:2012 SCC 38
1100:2012 SCC 37
1090:2012 SCC 36
1080:2012 SCC 35
1072:2012 SCC 34
925:prima facie
681:semiologist
428:had copied
420:Robinson's
414:held that:
298:SCC, par. 3
271:the use of
164:Morris Fish
160:Louis LeBel
127:(in French)
93:2013 SCC 73
2491:Categories
2465:2013-12-27
2412:2014-01-03
2288:. Toronto.
2062:. Ottawa:
1978:2014-01-05
1925:2014-01-04
1875:2014-01-04
1236:2016-12-13
1185:References
878:treatments
846:At the SCC
797:defamation
691:while the
601:While the
462:common law
289:Background
98:Docket No.
1768:La Presse
1747:La Presse
1726:La Presse
1682:Art. 1525
1657:Art. 1621
1638:, par. 64
1636:Schreiber
1550:Art. 2849
1534:Art. 2846
1298:Art. 1458
1282:Art. 1375
1012:see also
941:Curiosity
865:decision.
840:DHX Media
788:Art. 1607
767:Art. 1526
710:Curiosity
697:reductive
662:Curiosity
655:Curiosity
591:Curiosity
541:Curiosity
470:pecuniary
438:Curiosity
430:Curiosity
422:Curiosity
383:Curiosity
89:Citations
2167:Monsanto
1829:CBC News
1672:at s. 49
1135:Robinson
1131:Monsanto
916:Monsanto
899:Robinson
874:Robinson
825:At trial
638:holistic
623:put it,
548:standing
2208:,
2136:,
1622:,
1493:,
1485:,
1454:,
1325:,
1211:,
1116:,
1108:,
1098:,
1088:,
1078:,
1070:,
1047:,
987:,
979:,
971:,
784:Andrews
517:Andrews
273:experts
258:damages
121:,
113:,
79:(34469)
72:(34468)
66:(34467)
60:(34466)
2482:CanLII
2070:
1943:,
1266:Art. 7
1250:Art. 6
1037:,
1001:estate
832:Nasdaq
820:Impact
706:Sucroë
700:whole.
666:Sucroë
651:Sucroë
555:Sucroë
537:Sucroë
472:loss,
445:Sucroë
434:Sucroë
426:Sucroë
394:Sucroë
377:was a
375:Sucroë
371:Quebec
353:French
309:French
133:Ruling
101:34466
2478:LexUM
2163:Cinar
2060:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1961:(PDF)
1402:
951:Notes
937:remix
920:Cinar
912:Cinar
886:Altai
672:; and
478:costs
2480:and
2265:2013
2237:2013
2081:2013
2068:ISBN
653:and
611:the
468:for
327:for
278:the
1686:CCQ
1661:CCQ
1554:CCQ
1538:CCQ
1302:CCQ
1286:CCQ
1270:CCQ
1254:CCQ
1133:in
792:CCQ
771:CCQ
460:in
381:of
369:in
2493::
2438:23
2436:.
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2066:.
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2334:.
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2083:.
2024:.
2003:.
1981:.
1928:.
1878:.
1813:.
1792:.
1600:.
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1390:.
1373:.
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1355:.
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1239:.
1177:.
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480:.
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268:,
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