459:"A star whose diurnal circle lies above the horizon never sets, even though it cannot be seen during the day. Designation of a star as circumpolar depends on the observer's latitude. At the equator no star is circumpolar. At the North or South Pole all stars that are visible at all are circumpolar, since only one half of the celestial sphere can ever be seen. For an observer at any other latitude a star whose declination is greater than 90° minus the observer's latitude will be circumpolar, appearing to circle the celestial pole and remaining always above the horizon. A constellation made up entirely of circumpolar stars is also called circumpolar. From most of the United States (above lat. 40° N) the Big Dipper is circumpolar".
361:
376:
2377:
231:
25:
122:
2427:
2451:
2415:
2439:
2388:
407:
is less than the absolute latitude will be circumpolar. For example, if the observer's latitude is 50° N, any star will be circumpolar if it is less than 50° from the north celestial pole. If the observer's latitude is 35° S, then all stars within 35° of the south celestial pole are
297:
As one travels south of the
Equator, the opposite happens. The south celestial pole appears increasingly high in the sky, and all the stars lying within an increasingly large circle centred on that pole become circumpolar about it. This continues until one reaches the Earth's
294:– the celestial pole itself – which lies on the horizon, and so all of the stars capable of being circumpolar are for half of every 24 hour period below the horizon. There, pole star itself will only be made out from a place of sufficient height.
157:. Circumpolar stars are therefore visible from said location toward the nearest pole for the entire night on every night of the year (and would be continuously visible throughout the day too, were they not overwhelmed by the
587:
Stars (and constellations) that are circumpolar in one hemisphere are always invisible at the same latitude (or higher) of the opposite hemisphere, and these never rise above the horizon. For example, the southern star
258:
at all. Depending on the observer's latitude on Earth, some stars – the circumpolar ones – are close enough to the celestial pole to remain continuously above the horizon, while other stars dip below the
234:
Geometric diagram proving that the angle between the North
Celestial Pole and the observer's horizon, i.e., the angle that spans the radius of the circumpolar circle, is equal to the observer's latitude.
172:
whose size is determined by the observer's latitude. Specifically, the angular measure of the radius of this circle equals the observer's latitude. The closer the observer is to the North or
412:
are not circumpolar when observed from any latitude in either hemisphere of the Earth. "A star with its polar distance approximately equal to or less than the latitude of the observer".
313:(Polaris or North Star), so from the Northern Hemisphere, all circumpolar stars appear to move around Polaris. Polaris itself remains almost stationary, always at the north (i.e.
254:). Stars far from a celestial pole appear to rotate in large circles; stars located very close to a celestial pole rotate in small circles and hence hardly seem to engage in any
2228:
282:
moves towards the northern horizon. More and more stars that are at a distance from it begin to disappear below the horizon for some portion of their daily "
828:
Uranography: A Brief
Description of the Constellations Visible in the United States, with Star-maps, and Lists of Objects Observable with a Small Telescope
869:
2471:
2260:
770:
864:
2235:
1554:
859:
778:
655:, there are no circumpolar constellations. As viewed from mid-northern latitudes (40–50° N), circumpolar constellations may include
108:
42:
1947:
716:
89:
1861:
360:
2240:
1877:
896:
747:
676:
61:
46:
2287:
2154:
275:
2405:
854:
2481:
2270:
2221:
2196:
1489:
388:
68:
1574:
2211:
2191:
2275:
2206:
2176:
800:
Norton, A. P. "Norton's 2000.0 Star Atlas and
Reference Handbook", Longman Scientific and Technical, (1986) p.39-40
672:
515:
274:, the north celestial pole is directly overhead, and all stars that are visible at all (that is, all stars in the
75:
35:
2282:
2159:
2136:
1718:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
369:
1425:
1299:
934:
593:
1952:
1621:
57:
2201:
1751:
1661:
1603:
1529:
1100:
1026:
684:
668:
519:
976:
2362:
2342:
2114:
2109:
1902:
1851:
1656:
1646:
1319:
1117:
1085:
959:
577:
554:
200:
2216:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2099:
1887:
1053:
664:
573:
1334:
2357:
2255:
2245:
2094:
2062:
1856:
1651:
1636:
949:
680:
600:
569:
492:
1196:
2476:
2455:
1957:
1817:
1800:
1471:
1373:
706:
647:
are circumpolar, and likewise for constellations south of the celestial equator as viewed from the
581:
452:
438:
251:
247:
239:
130:
2443:
2431:
2352:
2313:
2265:
2250:
2164:
2104:
2027:
1937:
1907:
1897:
1841:
1763:
1454:
1090:
889:
763:
Karttunen, Hannu; Kröger, Pekka; Oja, Heikki; Poutanen, Markku; Donner, Karl Johan, eds. (2007),
263:
for some portion of their daily circular path (and others remain permanently below the horizon).
549:(+38° 47′) is technically circumpolar north of latitude 51° 13′ N (just south of
286:", and the circle containing the remaining circumpolar stars becomes increasingly small. At the
133:
of several hours. The stars near the celestial pole leave shorter trails with the long exposure.
266:
The circumpolar stars appear to lie within a circle that is centered at the celestial pole and
2303:
1788:
1728:
1701:
1681:
1481:
1265:
1253:
1080:
1060:
1014:
996:
964:
774:
743:
737:
644:
409:
82:
764:
2419:
2131:
2034:
2022:
2000:
1995:
1922:
1882:
1829:
1611:
1534:
1509:
1403:
1324:
1048:
1009:
826:
701:
531:
400:
584:(23° 26′ S) are circumpolar to typical points of observation beyond that tropic.
2318:
2121:
1990:
1834:
1805:
1746:
1741:
1616:
1344:
1309:
1243:
1189:
1184:
1129:
939:
562:
375:
291:
812:
2380:
2146:
1985:
1812:
1783:
1758:
1691:
1380:
1248:
1134:
1036:
926:
916:
696:
538:
504:
404:
396:
392:
306:
279:
255:
243:
154:
2465:
2332:
2126:
2089:
2057:
1932:
1641:
1464:
1435:
1413:
1031:
1004:
981:
882:
624:
608:
511:
488:
184:
230:
199:, the Little Bear) were high in the sky. Thus the word 'Arctic' is derived from the
2392:
2067:
2017:
2012:
1912:
1795:
1778:
1736:
1696:
1631:
1514:
1459:
1440:
1420:
1398:
1390:
1233:
1226:
1065:
986:
969:
188:
340:
for a given latitude Ø is fixed, and its value is given by the following formula:
2308:
2007:
1980:
1972:
1962:
1942:
1917:
1846:
1768:
1524:
1499:
1494:
1408:
1368:
1329:
1294:
1277:
1272:
944:
420:
345:
242:
daily on its axis, the stars appear to move in circular paths around one of the
24:
841:
121:
1892:
1589:
1562:
1539:
1519:
1504:
1356:
1260:
1238:
1216:
1211:
1075:
660:
656:
648:
640:
597:
527:
523:
365:
333:
299:
271:
196:
192:
173:
126:
2079:
1927:
1711:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1626:
1579:
1569:
1363:
1339:
1314:
1221:
1172:
1105:
1095:
1070:
1043:
1019:
954:
711:
604:
310:
534:(23° 26′ N) will be circumpolar stars, which never rise or set.
2072:
1773:
1447:
1206:
1179:
558:
384:
337:
322:
318:
146:
2347:
1822:
1584:
1351:
1304:
1287:
1282:
1201:
652:
632:
484:
329:
314:
287:
267:
260:
150:
379:
Diagram of circumpolar stars assuming an observer is at latitude +19°.
191:, it more broadly meant those places where the 'bear' constellations (
16:
Star that never sets due to its apparent proximity to a celestial pole
2337:
2325:
1544:
1430:
808:
806:
557:
into account, it will probably only be seen to set at sea level from
550:
496:
180:
537:
For
British Isles observers, for example, the first magnitude stars
2387:
636:
589:
542:
500:
374:
283:
229:
1706:
1686:
905:
628:
546:
415:
Whether a given star is circumpolar at the observer's latitude (
142:
878:
463:
Similarly, the star will never rise above the local horizon if
2052:
483:
is greater than +90° (observer in
Southern Hemisphere). Thus,
158:
18:
213:
203:
383:
Whether a star is circumpolar depends upon the observer's
545:(+45° 16′) do not set from anywhere in the country.
874:
473:
is less than −90° (observer in
Northern Hemisphere), or
813:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/circumpolar
302:
where, once again, all visible stars are circumpolar.
2403:
2296:
2145:
2043:
1971:
1870:
1727:
1602:
1480:
1389:
1116:
995:
925:
278:) are circumpolar. As one travels south, the north
250:, or the south celestial pole for observers in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
568:Stars in the far southern constellations (such as
321:(angle from the horizon), equal to the observer's
309:is located very close (less than 1° away) to the
643:, all fully visible constellations north of the
457:
246:(the north celestial pole for observers in the
890:
8:
842:http://www.astronomygcse.co.uk/AstroGCSE/New
596:, likewise, the seven stars of the northern
325:. These are then classified into quadrants.
153:due to its apparent proximity to one of the
419:) may be calculated in terms of the star's
399:of the observer's latitude, any star whose
1122:
897:
883:
875:
796:
794:
792:
790:
183:was formalized as the region north of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
359:
120:
2410:
840:"Circumpolar Stars." Web. 7 Jan. 2015.
728:
176:, the larger its circumpolar circle.
771:Springer Science & Business Media
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
844:Site/Topic 3/circumpolar_stars.htm.
510:Some stars within the far northern
168:All circumpolar stars lie within a
437:is greater than +90° (observer in
395:(whichever is visible) equals the
14:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2386:
2376:
2375:
870:Star Trails Photography Tutorial
825:Young, Charles Augustus (1897),
739:Eyewitness Companions: Astronomy
541:(declination +45° 59′) and
23:
2472:Astronomical coordinate systems
717:Voyages of Christopher Columbus
635:, as viewed from a location on
603:are invisible from most of the
451:is less than −90° (observer in
356:Definition of circumpolar stars
317:of 0°), and always at the same
270:to the horizon. At the Earth's
149:on Earth, never sets below the
34:needs additional citations for
855:Bartleby.com: Circumpolar Star
592:is invisible from most of the
427:). The star is circumpolar if
1:
2288:Timeline of stellar astronomy
865:South Circumpolar Star Trails
860:North Circumpolar Star Trails
495:, if marginally visible from
276:Northern Celestial Hemisphere
179:Before the definition of the
161:'s glare). Others are called
145:that, as viewed from a given
631:) that never sets below the
344:= 90° - Ø. All stars with a
1948:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
2498:
1862:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
408:circumpolar. Stars on the
292:vanishes to a single point
214:
204:
2371:
1125:
912:
621:circumpolar constellation
2241:With multiple exoplanets
742:, Penguin, p. 148,
594:contiguous United States
1027:Asymptotic giant branch
580:) roughly south of the
530:) roughly north of the
2363:Tidal disruption event
1852:Circumstellar envelope
1086:Luminous blue variable
831:, Ginn, pp. 9–14.
555:atmospheric refraction
461:
380:
372:
328:Polaris always has an
235:
195:, the Great Bear, and
187:which experiences the
134:
1888:Effective temperature
766:Fundamental Astronomy
736:Ridpath, Ian (2006),
675:, and the less-known
651:. As viewed from the
639:. As viewed from the
378:
363:
352:are not circumpolar.
233:
124:
2358:Planet-hosting stars
2236:With resolved images
2207:Historical brightest
2137:Photometric-standard
2063:Solar radio emission
1857:Eddington luminosity
1637:Triple-alpha process
1575:Thorne–Żytkow object
950:Young stellar object
493:Louisville, Kentucky
393:south celestial pole
307:celestial north pole
43:improve this article
2482:Spherical astronomy
2182:Highest temperature
1953:Color–color diagram
1818:Protoplanetary disk
1622:Proton–proton chain
1300:Chemically peculiar
707:Magellan expedition
582:Tropic of Capricorn
453:Southern Hemisphere
439:Northern Hemisphere
252:Southern Hemisphere
248:Northern Hemisphere
212:), 'bearish', from
131:long-exposure photo
2187:Lowest temperature
1938:Photometric system
1908:Absolute magnitude
1842:Circumstellar dust
1455:Stellar black hole
1091:Stellar population
977:Herbig–Haro object
487:is invisible from
381:
373:
236:
170:circumpolar circle
135:
58:"Circumpolar star"
2401:
2400:
2304:Substellar object
2283:Planetary nebulae
1702:Luminous red nova
1612:Deuterium burning
1598:
1597:
1081:Instability strip
1061:Wolf-Rayet nebula
1015:Horizontal branch
960:Pre-main-sequence
645:celestial equator
410:celestial equator
403:from the visible
370:extended exposure
368:captured with an
119:
118:
111:
93:
2489:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2393:Stars portal
2391:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2035:Planetary system
1958:Strömgren sphere
1830:Asteroseismology
1551:Black hole star
1123:
1049:Planetary nebula
1010:Red-giant branch
899:
892:
885:
876:
833:
832:
822:
816:
810:
801:
798:
785:
784:
769:(5th ed.),
760:
754:
753:
733:
702:Celestial sphere
532:Tropic of Cancer
482:
472:
450:
436:
426:
418:
401:angular distance
391:of the north or
217:
216:
207:
206:
139:circumpolar star
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2385:
2367:
2292:
2261:Milky Way novae
2197:Smallest volume
2141:
2122:Radial velocity
2045:
2039:
1991:Common envelope
1967:
1866:
1835:Helioseismology
1806:Bipolar outflow
1747:Microturbulence
1742:Convection zone
1723:
1617:Lithium burning
1604:Nucleosynthesis
1594:
1476:
1385:
1112:
991:
940:Molecular cloud
921:
908:
903:
851:
837:
836:
824:
823:
819:
811:
804:
799:
788:
781:
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734:
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725:
693:
617:
563:Channel Islands
474:
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442:
428:
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358:
244:celestial poles
228:
155:celestial poles
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2493:
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2474:
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2459:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2383:
2372:
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2368:
2366:
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2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2192:Largest volume
2189:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:Magnetic field
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1813:Accretion disk
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1789:Alfvén surface
1786:
1784:Stellar corona
1781:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1759:Radiation zone
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
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1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1557:
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1547:
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1532:
1527:
1522:
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1507:
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1474:
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1418:
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1416:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1381:Blue straggler
1378:
1377:
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1366:
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1360:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
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1322:
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1312:
1307:
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1199:
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1193:
1192:
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1177:
1176:
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1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:Main sequence
1137:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1118:Classification
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:Protoplanetary
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
947:
942:
937:
931:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
913:
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909:
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901:
894:
887:
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873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
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849:External links
847:
846:
845:
835:
834:
817:
802:
786:
780:978-3540341444
779:
773:, p. 19,
755:
748:
727:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
697:Celestial pole
692:
689:
677:Camelopardalis
616:
615:Constellations
613:
505:Virginia Beach
405:celestial pole
397:absolute value
357:
354:
290:, this circle
280:celestial pole
256:diurnal motion
227:
224:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2373:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Intergalactic
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Galactic year
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
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2307:
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2302:
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2277:
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2269:
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2264:
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2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Most luminous
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Proper motion
2125:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Constellation
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Solar eclipse
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:Earth-centric
2042:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
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1964:
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1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Alpha process
1640:
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1628:
1625:
1623:
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1613:
1610:
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1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:Helium planet
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Parker's star
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:Lambda Boötis
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
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1156:
1154:
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1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Superluminous
1099:
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1038:
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1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:Main sequence
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
983:
982:Hayashi track
980:
978:
975:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
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930:
928:
924:
918:
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895:
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881:
880:
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871:
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866:
863:
861:
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856:
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848:
843:
839:
838:
830:
829:
821:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
797:
795:
793:
791:
787:
782:
776:
772:
768:
767:
759:
756:
751:
745:
741:
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732:
729:
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718:
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708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:constellation
622:
614:
612:
610:
609:South America
606:
602:
599:
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:constellation
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:San Francisco
486:
481:
477:
471:
467:
460:
456:
454:
449:
445:
440:
435:
431:
422:
413:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
377:
371:
367:
362:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:. The pole's
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Earth rotates
232:
225:
223:
221:
211:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Arctic Circle
182:
177:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
132:
128:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2456:Solar System
2256:White dwarfs
2246:Brown dwarfs
2229:Most distant
2177:Most massive
2155:Proper names
2115:Photographic
2084:
2068:Solar System
2046:observations
1973:Star systems
1796:Stellar wind
1779:Chromosphere
1752:Oscillations
1632:Helium flash
1482:Hypothetical
1460:X-ray binary
1399:Compact star
1234:Bright giant
987:Henyey track
965:Herbig Ae/Be
827:
820:
765:
758:
738:
731:
620:
618:
586:
567:
536:
509:
479:
475:
469:
465:
462:
458:
447:
443:
433:
429:
414:
387:. Since the
382:
364:Circumpolar
349:
341:
327:
304:
296:
265:
237:
219:
209:
189:Midnight sun
178:
169:
167:
162:
138:
136:
125:Circumpolar
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2444:Outer space
2432:Spaceflight
2309:Brown dwarf
2085:Circumpolar
1963:Kraft break
1943:Color index
1918:Metallicity
1878:Designation
1847:Cosmic dust
1769:Photosphere
1535:Dark-energy
1510:Electroweak
1495:Black dwarf
1426:Radio-quiet
1409:White dwarf
1295:White dwarf
945:Bok globule
421:declination
366:star trails
346:declination
226:Explanation
222:), 'bear'.
127:star trails
2477:Star types
2466:Categories
2271:Candidates
2266:Supernovae
2251:Red dwarfs
2110:Extinction
1898:Kinematics
1893:Luminosity
1871:Properties
1764:Atmosphere
1662:Si burning
1652:Ne burning
1590:White hole
1563:Quasi-star
1490:Blue dwarf
1345:Technetium
1261:Hypergiant
1239:Supergiant
749:0756648459
723:References
673:Cassiopeia
661:Ursa Minor
657:Ursa Major
649:South Pole
641:North Pole
627:(group of
607:region of
598:Big Dipper
553:); taking
528:Ursa Minor
524:Ursa Major
516:Cassiopeia
348:less than
300:South Pole
272:North Pole
268:tangential
197:Ursa Minor
193:Ursa Major
174:South Pole
69:newspapers
2420:Astronomy
2202:Brightest
2100:Magnitude
2080:Pole star
2001:Symbiotic
1996:Eclipsing
1928:Starlight
1729:Structure
1719:Supernova
1712:Micronova
1707:Recurrent
1692:Symbiotic
1677:p-process
1672:r-process
1667:s-process
1657:O burning
1647:C burning
1627:CNO cycle
1570:Gravastar
1106:Hypernova
1096:Supernova
1071:Dredge-up
1044:Blue loop
1037:super-AGB
1020:Red clump
997:Evolution
955:Protostar
935:Accretion
927:Formation
712:Pole star
605:Patagonia
514:(such as
332:equal to
311:pole star
2381:Category
2276:Remnants
2172:Extremes
2132:Parallax
2105:Apparent
2095:Asterism
2073:Sunlight
2023:Globular
2008:Multiple
1933:Variable
1923:Rotation
1883:Dynamics
1774:Starspot
1448:Magnetar
1391:Remnants
1207:Subgiant
1180:Subdwarf
1032:post-AGB
691:See also
601:asterism
561:and the
559:Cornwall
389:altitude
385:latitude
338:altitude
323:latitude
319:altitude
210:arktikos
205:ἀρκτικός
163:seasonal
147:latitude
99:May 2018
2406:Portals
2348:Gravity
2297:Related
2217:Nearest
2165:Chinese
2013:Cluster
1986:Contact
1823:Proplyd
1697:Remnant
1585:Blitzar
1559:Hawking
1515:Strange
1465:Burster
1421:Neutron
1374:Extreme
1325:He-weak
970:T Tauri
685:Lacerta
669:Cepheus
653:Equator
633:horizon
539:Capella
520:Cepheus
485:Canopus
330:azimuth
315:azimuth
288:Equator
261:horizon
165:stars.
151:horizon
83:scholar
2338:Galaxy
2326:Planet
2314:Desert
2222:bright
2160:Arabic
1981:Binary
1801:Bubble
1525:Planck
1500:Exotic
1436:Binary
1431:Pulsar
1369:Helium
1330:Barium
1273:Carbon
1266:Yellow
1254:Yellow
1227:Yellow
1066:PG1159
777:
746:
578:Hydrus
576:, and
551:London
526:, and
503:, and
497:Fresno
441:), or
220:arktos
215:ἄρκτος
181:Arctic
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2343:Guest
2147:Lists
2028:Super
1682:Fusor
1555:Black
1540:Quark
1520:Preon
1505:Boson
1441:X-ray
1357:Shell
1310:Ap/Bp
1212:Giant
1130:Early
1076:OH/IR
906:Stars
665:Draco
637:Earth
629:stars
623:is a
590:Acrux
574:Musca
543:Deneb
501:Tulsa
284:orbit
201:Greek
141:is a
129:in a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2018:Open
1913:Mass
1737:Core
1687:Nova
1580:Iron
1530:Dark
1340:Lead
1320:HgMn
1315:CEMP
1244:Blue
1217:Blue
1135:Late
917:List
815:star
775:ISBN
744:ISBN
683:and
681:Lynx
570:Crux
547:Vega
491:and
334:zero
305:The
143:star
62:news
2319:Sub
2053:Sun
1472:SGR
1249:Red
1222:Red
455:).
238:As
159:Sun
45:by
2468::
1352:Be
1305:Am
1288:CH
1283:CN
1202:OB
1197:WR
805:^
789:^
687:.
679:,
671:,
667:,
663:,
659:,
619:A
611:.
572:,
565:.
522:,
518:,
507:.
499:,
478:−
468:−
446:+
432:+
137:A
2408::
1545:Q
1364:B
1278:S
1190:B
1185:O
1173:M
1168:K
1163:G
1158:F
1153:A
1148:B
1143:O
898:e
891:t
884:v
783:.
752:.
480:θ
476:δ
470:θ
466:δ
448:δ
444:θ
434:δ
430:θ
425:δ
423:(
417:θ
350:A
342:A
218:(
208:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
