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80:, attract inward migration of residents, or enable business relocation. A significant feature of city marketing is the development of new landmark, or 'flagship', buildings and structures. The development of cities as a marketable product has led to competition between them for inward investment and government funding. It is often manifested in the attempts by cities to attract international sporting events, such as the
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113:. The city is marketed without a grand strategy, as disorganized stakeholders over the course of centuries have glorified the city and encouraged pilgrimage, yielding cultural and economic bonuses. Both cases demonstrate city marketing, each with varying strategic and organic involvement. Generally, organic marketing occurs alongside strategic marketing, as the
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tools supported by a shared customer-oriented philosophy, for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging urban offerings that have value for the city's customers and the city's community at large.
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Place marketing "refers to the application of marketing instruments to geographical locations, such as cities, towns, regions and communities i.e. coordinated use of marketing
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The City Brand Index is released biannually and ranks the image of 50 cities on 6 components: presence, place, potential, pulse, people, and prerequisites. In the 2015 report, Paris took the top spot, with London, New York, Sydney, and Los
Angeles taking the 2nd–5th spots respectively.
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Like with any successful marketing effort, cities must be willing to commit to a long-term plan in order for their identity and message to be communicated effectively. A shared vision between stakeholders will help develop a cohesive overarching strategy for a city's image.
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Some places are associated with certain brands and build on each other, but sometimes the commercial brand is so powerful that eclipses the place brand. An example of this is
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109:. The city is promoted through a variety of efforts with the strategic intent of acquiring cultural and economic bonuses. A case of organic city marketing is
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within it, with the aim of encouraging certain activities to take place there (such as tourism and attraction of foreign direct investments).
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beginning in 1896. Seattle was in competition with
Portland and Victoria as the preferred city in which to get supplied for the
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84:. Competition between cities exists at the regional, national and international level; and is an effect of
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The orchestrated attempt to differentiate place (city/ town or cities) aims at associating through:
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Place marketing and place branding: A systematic (and tentatively exhaustive) literature review
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Marketing Places: attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states, and nations
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Differences
Amongst High Streets in the United Kingdom: As Perceived by the Consumers
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94:, Italy, which uses the Ferrari headquarters as a primary attraction for tourists.
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124:, "one of the first, if not the first, municipal promotion programs" was led by
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It is used to alter the external perceptions of a city in order to encourage
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Marketing the city: the role of flagship developments in urban regeneration
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of the city is impossible to solely construct with strategic efforts.
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136:. A Bureau of Public Information was established within the city's
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Gordon, Ian (1999), "Internationalisation and Urban
Competition",
45:
66:
Infrastructure: describing place as a fixed environment
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is an example of a structure used for city marketing
470:"Paris wins back 'most admired city' from London"
359:"Jerusalem – the most powerful brand in history"
72:Attraction: place as entertainment or recreation
393:, "Seattle shows the way for cities", pp 166,7
194:
8:
572:Monclus, Francisco; Guardia, Manuel (2006),
105:. An example of strategic city marketing is
69:Basic services: place as a service provider
444:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.
411:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.
357:Metti, Michael Sebastian (1 June 2011).
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364:Stockholm University School of Business
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63:Design: describing place as a character
601:Promotion and marketing communications
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274:
262:
206:
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331:"LVCVA: What works here, stays here"
329:Spillman, Benjamin (15 April 2009).
219:Vuignier, Renaud (1 January 2016).
14:
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236:Saini, Anshul (11 April 2009).
574:Culture, Urbanism and Planning
306:. 6 April 2017. Archived from
1:
622:
195:Monclus & Guardia 2006
97:City marketing can occur
558:, Taylor & Francis,
391:Public Relations History
336:Las Vegas Review-Journal
554:Smyth, Hedley (1994),
436:Anholt, Simon (2007).
403:Dinnie, Keith (2011).
44:is the promotion of a
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514:10.1080/0042098993321
21:
530:, Donald H. Haider,
440:Competitive Identity
389:Scott Cutlip (1995)
242:. IndraStra Papers.
138:Chamber of Commerce
508:(5–6): 1001–1016,
134:Klondike Gold Rush
31:
583:978-0-7546-4623-5
565:978-0-419-18610-6
455:978-0-230-50028-0
422:978-0-230-24185-5
249:979-8-6735-1307-1
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173:Cities portal
23:Guggenheim Museum
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367:. Archived from
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310:on 21 April 2017
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128:for the city of
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42:Place Marketing
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532:Irving J. Rein
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476:. 6 April 2017
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34:City marketing
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528:Philip Kotler
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502:Urban Studies
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478:. Retrieved
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373:. Retrieved
369:the original
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308:the original
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300:"What To Do"
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287:Gordon 1999
275:Gordon 1999
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103:organically
595:Categories
540:Free Press
263:Smyth 1994
207:Smyth 1994
182:References
115:perception
522:153666072
304:Maranello
111:Jerusalem
107:Las Vegas
92:Maranello
493:See also
342:15 April
157:See also
50:district
534:(1993)
480:6 April
314:6 April
130:Seattle
78:tourism
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