282:
to gather and worship. This Church/congregation is said to be the pioneer of the
Diocese system that is now in place. She took up the cause of the under privileged, downtrodden, destitutes, widows, orphans providing them the necessary support and aid and education, particularly helping the uneducated poor women towards their empowerment. In this regard, she found ways to build on the shared ethical ideals of certain Hindu and Christian communities to improve the lives of India women, even in that early semi-unenlightened era. She had the Clarinda Church consecrated by Schwartz (1785). This Church now is a major place of worship for Christians and others as well. She was instrumental in building schools in Palayamkottai which are now major educational institutions and other small Churches for the congregations she had managed to form in neighboring villages. For all this she used her own private funds without depending much on contributions or grants. She had to face, along the way, innumerable difficulties, from the non Christian majority around, the schisms of the Church, personal short comings and unexpected hindrances. But she was undaunted and never gave up on her purpose. Many among the Christian communities consider her a veritable and renowned missionary worker of her times. She died in c. 1806.
96:
266:
274:
207:
girl she was diligent, tenacious and accomplished. Even at that tender age she showed a sense of empathy and was kind and gentle to all. At the same time she was contemporary and bold with outspoken ideas against the customs and superstitions, specifically that of the treatment of women, of those times - characteristics indicating the redoubtable lady she will one day become, as her benefactors would like to say.
257:. After about four years (1778), Clarinda once again requested Schwartz to baptise her saying, now that her partner was dead, her past life should in no way be detrimental for her baptism. This time Schwartz, taking into account her life of devotion and selfless service, did not refuse and duly baptised her (1778), changing her name to Clarinda. She was the very first Christian convert in Tirunelveli District.
36:
379:
281:
After her baptism she immersed herself in the missionary work and social services with complete zeal. She brought more willing people into
Christianity through conversion in Tirunelveli and suburbs and built the Clarinda Church in Palayamkottai (1784) for the small congregation of fifty people or so
206:
of
Clarinda, written closer to the times Clarinda lived and the basis for the character profiling of Clarinda and some events of her life in this article, her maiden name was Kokila. She was the ward of her grandfather and was brought up with loving care and given the best of education. As a young
253:, who was a British CMS (Church Mission Society) missionary doing service in those parts and with whom she was acquainted, to baptise her. Anyway Schwartz refused to comply as he thought she was leading a questionable life of sin of illegal partnership. Meanwhile, Lyttleton suddenly died from
232:
After the rescue, Clarinda and
Lyttleton started living together as they found the relationship to be compatible. It is said that they had a son from this consummate partnership though they remained unmarried. Lyttleton being a British Protestant Christian started to familiarise her with the
215:
According to common custom in those days she was given in marriage early to a wealthy man of high rank in the royal court. But a short time later her husband died leaving her a widow. It is a common belief that she was rescued from the funeral pyre of the ensuing
220:, by a soldier of the British army, Henry Lyttleton, who was passing along and who took pity on her seeing the plight of her horrendous circumstances. (The historical romance novel (fiction) '
428:
302:. Hedlund, Roger E., Athyal, Jesudas, Kalapati, Joshua., Richard, Jessica., Mylapore Institute for Indigenous Studies. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2012.
458:
468:
463:
453:
433:
307:
448:
95:
265:
438:
354:
273:
183:
398:
331:
443:
423:
418:
175:
250:
46:
325:
17:
360:
350:
313:
303:
249:
of some kind is a necessary requirement in the
Christian doctrine she requested (1774) Rev.
217:
412:
187:
65:
242:
170:) (c. 1746 - c. 1806) was an Indian Christian missionary, founder of a church in
380:"Synthesizing Hindu and Christian Ethics in A. Madhaviah's Indian English Novel
171:
179:
317:
364:
55:
35:
182:
Christian worship, namely, the well known, Clarinda Church, situated near
246:
272:
264:
233:
Christian doctrine which she imbibed and embraced wholeheartedly.
254:
245:
completely and had started to live accordingly. Since generally
29:
60:
50:
300:
149:
141:
133:
125:
117:
105:
86:
277:Clarinda's gravestone in the church yard. Apr. '22
178:of Tirunelveli and also built the first Church of
145:First Indian Christian missionary in Tirunelveli
224:' provides a detailed account of this event.)
8:
198:According to the historical romance novel '
345:Mātavaiyā, A.; Holmstrom, Lakshmi (2005).
241:At this point she had personally embraced
94:
83:
429:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism
291:
323:
7:
459:19th-century Indian philanthropists
469:18th-century women philanthropists
464:19th-century women philanthropists
261:Missionary work and social service
25:
269:Front of Clarinda Church. Apr '22
18:Clarinda the Christian Missionary
391:Victorian Literature and Culture
34:
221:
199:
378:Waha, Kristen Bergman (2018).
349:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
174:. She was the first Christian
1:
454:18th-century philanthropists
434:Indian women philanthropists
347:Clarinda, a historical novel
222:Clarinda A Historical Novel
200:Clarinda A Historical Novel
27:Indian Christian missionary
485:
399:Cambridge University Press
166:(sometimes known also as
100:Plaque in Clarinda Church
93:
202:' which is based on the
155:Clarinda Church, c. 1785
137:Missionary/Social Worker
449:People from Tirunelveli
49:, as no other articles
330:: CS1 maint: others (
278:
270:
237:Conversion and baptism
228:Clarinda and Lyttleton
439:People from Thanjavur
276:
268:
279:
271:
211:Marriage and after
184:St. John's College
68:for suggestions.
58:to this page from
159:
158:
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
476:
403:
402:
388:
375:
369:
368:
342:
336:
335:
329:
321:
296:
152:
98:
84:
77:
74:
63:
61:related articles
38:
30:
21:
484:
483:
479:
478:
477:
475:
474:
473:
409:
408:
407:
406:
386:
377:
376:
372:
357:
344:
343:
339:
322:
310:
298:
297:
293:
288:
263:
239:
230:
213:
196:
190:, Tirunelveli.
150:
113:
110:
101:
89:
78:
72:
69:
59:
56:introduce links
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
482:
480:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
411:
410:
405:
404:
370:
355:
337:
308:
290:
289:
287:
284:
262:
259:
251:C. F. Schwartz
238:
235:
229:
226:
212:
209:
195:
192:
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
142:Known for
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
103:
102:
99:
91:
90:
87:
80:
79:
66:Find link tool
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
481:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
414:
400:
396:
392:
385:
383:
374:
371:
366:
362:
358:
352:
348:
341:
338:
333:
327:
319:
315:
311:
309:9780198073857
305:
301:
295:
292:
285:
283:
275:
267:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
227:
225:
223:
219:
210:
208:
205:
201:
193:
191:
189:
188:Palayamkottai
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
154:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
104:
97:
92:
85:
76:
67:
62:
57:
53:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
444:Tamil people
424:1800s deaths
419:1750s births
394:
390:
381:
373:
346:
340:
299:
294:
280:
243:Christianity
240:
231:
214:
203:
197:
167:
163:
162:
160:
151:Notable work
70:
44:
194:Early years
172:Tirunelveli
126:Nationality
413:Categories
401:: 237–255.
356:8126019166
286:References
180:Protestant
134:Occupation
64:; try the
51:link to it
326:cite book
318:768728167
204:real life
112:Thanjavur
73:July 2021
54:. Please
382:Clarinda
365:65067475
168:Clorinda
164:Clarinda
88:Clarinda
384:(1915)"
247:baptism
176:convert
121:c. 1806
109:c. 1746
363:
353:
316:
306:
129:Indian
47:orphan
45:is an
387:(PDF)
361:OCLC
351:ISBN
332:link
314:OCLC
304:ISBN
255:gout
218:Sati
118:Died
106:Born
415::
397:.
395:46
393:.
389:.
359:.
328:}}
324:{{
312:.
186:,
367:.
334:)
320:.
75:)
71:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
