96:
36:
593:, as they possess the necessary infrastructure for distributing the securities to the investors as well as for settlement and safekeeping. Clearstream's ICSD also provides custody services, which means that the security can be serviced throughout its entire lifecycle. Clearstream provides the infrastructure which enables issuers to reach investors worldwide.
779:
364:
in 2013. The settlement provided for the dismissal of the direct claims against
Clearstream, and that the plaintiffs will not further sue Clearstream for damages and in return, Clearstream agreed to not further appeal an order directing the turnover of the restrained customer's assets to the plaintiffs.
372:
Clearstream in 2007 to close its
Iranian customers' accounts. In 2013 Clearstream entered into settlement talks with OFAC. The matter was resolved in 2014 through a settlement and payment of USD 151.9 million that does not constitute a final determination that a violation of Iran sanctions had occurred.
363:
In 2011, the plaintiffs filed additional claims, this time directly against
Clearstream, for damages of USD 250 million in connection with the purported wrongful conveyance of some of the restrained positions. Clearstream entered into a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs that became effective
371:
Arising from the above, the U.S. Treasury
Department Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) investigated certain securities' transfers in 2008 within Clearstream's settlement systems regarding US Iran sanctions regulations. These 2008 transfers had been undertaken as part of the decision taken by
643:
Clearstream's ICSD settles trades in international securities and in domestic securities traded across borders. The CSDs settle domestic transactions in the German and
Luxembourgish markets. Transactions between the two ICSDs Clearstream and Euroclear are settled via an electronic communications
288:
Clearstream was founded as "Cedel" (Centrale de
Livraison de Valeurs Mobilières) in September 1970 by 66 of the world's major financial institutions as a clearing organisation whose objective was to minimise risk in the settlement of cross-border securities trading, particularly in the growing
485:. Securities are reflected in book-entry form in the accounts of customers at Clearstream regardless of whether they are held in physical or dematerialised form. This means that they are no longer represented by physical certificates, but instead by data entered into the Clearstream systems.
359:
In 2008, several groups of plaintiffs commenced enforcement proceedings in the US to satisfy judgments which they had obtained against Iran by restraining certain positions held in a
Clearstream securities account with its intermediary bank in the US, and asking for handover of the assets.
341:
In the same year, additional anonymous letters and CD-Roms sent to French judges accused
Clearstream of running secret accounts for criminals and senior French politicians. In late 2005, French investigating authorities officially declared the documents forgeries and dismissed the case.
787:
430:(CSSF) is the prudential regulator with authority over all banks and financial service providers. In Germany, Clearstream is regulated as a bank according to the German Banking Act ("Kreditwesengesetz") and is therefore subject to the prudential supervision of the
338:(known as Thomson-CSF before 2000) to Taiwan, and related bribes paid to French officials and businessmen. An investigation that included the search of Clearstream's premises and an examination of accounts in 2004 found no evidence supporting the accusations.
367:
In 2013, a number of US plaintiffs from the 2011 case, as well as other US plaintiffs, filed a complaint targeting certain blocked assets that
Clearstream holds as a custodian in Luxembourg. In 2015, the US court issued a decision dismissing the lawsuit.
380:
The
Russian depository blocked all securities held in Clearstream's account at the Russian depository, on 1 March 2022. The Russian depository also froze payments on securities of Russian issuers from being made to non-Russian individuals and entities.
647:
Clearstream operates a delivery versus payment settlement system, ensuring simultaneous settlement of securities and cash transfers on a gross (trade-by-trade) basis. This helps to minimise the risk associated with the settlement of securities.
520:
refers to the handling of all tasks related to the monitoring of collateral posted by a borrower to meet a financial obligation (optimisation, substitution, top-up, withdrawal, settlement instruction, reporting, processing of
333:
In 2004, a list leaked to a French judge indicated that Clearstream was a money laundering organisation covering illegal activities of French businessmen who were involved in the sale of warships by the French defence giant
292:
In 1995, a new corporate structure was introduced, establishing a parent company — Cedel International — with a subsidiary company, Cedelbank; two years later, a new subsidiary — Cedel Global Services — was established.
1512:
441:
As the operator of securities settlement systems in both Luxembourg and Germany, Clearstream is additionally regulated by the central banks of these two countries, namely the Banque centrale du Luxembourg and the
250:
Clearstream operates its International Central Securities Depository (ICSD) from Luxembourg. It is also a joint partner in the Luxembourgish Central Securities Depository (CSD), LuxCSD, together with the
1267:
1132:
262:
In 2014, the value of assets under custody on behalf of customers averaged 12.2 trillion euros; furthermore, Clearstream processed 43.65 million ICSD and 82.68 million CSD settlement transactions.
1157:
330:, and organised crime all over the world. An investigation opened by the Luxembourg authorities in 2001 found no evidence to support the authors' allegations, and the case was dismissed in 2004.
1342:
1606:
1367:
596:
Clearstream's services include eligibility assessments, issuance and distribution of domestic, foreign and international (i.e. Eurobonds) new issues of global and domestic instruments:
934:
280:
Clearstream has operational centres in Cork, Luxembourg, Prague and Singapore. It also maintains representative offices in London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Dubai, New York, and Zurich.
1596:
1516:
1412:
296:
Clearstream was formed in January 2000 through the merger of Cedel International and Deutsche Börse Clearing. The full integration of Clearstream was completed in July 2002.
470:
Clearstream is responsible for the management, safekeeping/custody and administration of securities (assets) under custody. Services include income and redemption payments,
434:(German: "Bundesanstalt fĂĽr Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht" - BaFin). Moreover, Clearstream is regulated in each market where it has operational centres, for example by the
539:
Clearstream is a member of the Liquidity Alliance, which was established in January 2013 as a platform for CSDs to collaborate on collateral management. It was founded by
1317:
834:
1205:
255:. In Germany, Clearstream operates the German CSD, Clearstream Banking AG. Clearstream has links to over 50 domestic markets worldwide, and also issues and safekeeps
892:
566:
In addition to providing access to all fund types, Vestima supports their cross-border distribution. Services offered by Vestima include order routing, centralised
427:
1271:
512:. In securities financing, collateral comprises assets given as a guarantee by a borrower to secure a securities loan and subject to seizure in the event of
1292:
1462:
1398:
985:
1487:
1065:
415:
1601:
809:
426:
Based in Luxembourg and Germany, Clearstream is subject to the supervision of the regulatory authorities of these two countries. In Luxembourg, the
1346:
528:
Clearstream's collateral management, securities lending and borrowing services are gathered under the Global Liquidity Hub. It provides a pool of
431:
1374:
868:
395:
Also, the ruble bridge between Clearstream and Euroclear was closed. Furthermore, Clearstream stopped settling trades in Russian securities.
1223:
754:
551:
Clearstream has developed the world's largest cross-border fund processing platform, called Vestima. It handles all types of funds, from
406:
In December 2010, Clearstream co-founded REGIS-TR, a joint venture with the Spanish Central Securities Depository Iberclear, to act as a
277:
as customers and no account is opened in the name of a natural person. Clearstream has therefore been described as a "bank for banks".
1581:
1416:
75:
1016:
385:
1107:
1082:
605:
435:
1321:
917:
838:
708:
693:
678:
540:
389:
1437:
959:
896:
229:
159:
57:
414:
transactions, helping participants meet their regulatory reporting obligations brought about by the introduction of the
1611:
403:
In July 2010, Clearstream founded LuxCSD together with the Luxembourg Central Bank, to act as a CSD for Luxembourg.
252:
46:
1296:
1466:
1591:
1586:
533:
256:
993:
1491:
1133:"Deutsche Börse AG: Deutsche Börse AG subsidiary Clearstream to enter into settlement discussions with OFAC"
597:
567:
347:
813:
517:
729:
556:
509:
482:
411:
217:
1158:"Deutsche Börse AG: Settlement between Deutsche Börse AG subsidiary Clearstream and OFAC effective"
443:
326:
organisation and the worldwide centre for international financial crime committed by major banks,
1241:
758:
601:
505:
305:
1017:"Nicolas Sarkozy awaits verdict on Clearstream - the political smear case that split the right"
1392:
1108:"Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran et al, No. 1:2013cv09195 - Document 166 (S.D.N.Y. 2015)"
874:
864:
704:
689:
674:
621:
513:
471:
327:
211:
181:
617:
609:
529:
522:
407:
323:
270:
657:
274:
142:
95:
1083:"Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran, No. 1:2010cv04518 - Document 508 (S.D.N.Y. 2013)"
273:
credit institutions (such as regulated banks) as customers. Clearstream does not accept
17:
1206:"Russia's National Settlement Depository says Clearstream is blocking its account -Ifx"
613:
590:
174:
1188:"NSD fully open to dialogue with Euroclear, Clearstream, no blocks on its part - MOEX"
1575:
225:
1187:
861:
Plumbers and visionaries : securities settlement and Europe's financial market
475:
311:
266:
552:
335:
560:
240:
221:
205:
148:
106:
878:
671:
Plumbers and Visionaries: Securities Settlement and Europe's Financial Market
265:
Clearstream has around 2,500 customers in 110 countries. Clearstream accepts
233:
570:(DVP) settlement, safekeeping, asset servicing and collateral management.
1537:
1268:"REGIS-TR - OTC derivatives trade repository REGIST-TR starts operations"
1041:
244:
116:
204:
is a financial services company that specializes in the settlement of
239:
Clearstream operates securities settlement systems based in both
1224:"Sanctions delay payments to Russian corporate Eurobond holders"
392:
said on 25 March 2022 that Clearstream had blocked its account.
310:
Between 2001 and 2002, two books were published by co-authors
29:
1566:
193:
863:. Chichester, England Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
730:"Securities settlement systems and central counterparties"
247:, which allow for the holding and transfer of securities.
360:
Clearstream challenged the restraints and the handover.
481:
The majority of securities safekept by Clearstream are
53:
525:
and returns, notification of corporate events, etc.).
45:
may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
986:"French authorities seek end to Taiwan bribes case"
189:
173:
165:
155:
137:
122:
112:
102:
624:, equity-linked notes and investment fund shares.
220:and custody as well as other related services for
27:Clearing and settlement division of Deutsche Börse
1538:"Principles for financial market infrastructures"
532:through links to agent banks, trading platforms,
504:Securities financing is the ability to borrow or
1607:Securities clearing and depository institutions
428:Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier
960:"Clearstream wins money laundering libel case"
780:"Deutsche Börse Group - Latest press releases"
432:German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority
376:2022: Aftermath of Russian invasion of Ukraine
1212:. March 25, 2022 – via www.reuters.com.
160:(International) Central securities depository
8:
543:, Cetip, Clearstream, Iberclear and Strate.
209:
179:
88:
1597:Luxembourgian companies established in 2000
228:. It is one of two European International
94:
87:
416:European Market Infrastructure Regulation
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
935:"Deutsche Börse Group - Company history"
1182:
1180:
1178:
721:
1397:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1390:
1066:"Deutsche Börse's Annual Report 2010"
56:by removing references to unreliable
7:
612:, short-term and medium-term notes,
591:bring a security issue to the market
60:where they are used inappropriately.
536:and other market infrastructures.
345:The controversy inspired the film
322:, accusing Clearstream of being a
25:
1015:Davies, Lizzy (27 January 2010).
835:"Becoming a Clearstream customer"
589:ICSDs and CSDs are often used to
386:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
34:
1602:Central securities depositories
992:. 6 August 2008. Archived from
918:"Clearstream Customer Handbook"
436:Monetary Authority of Singapore
230:central securities depositories
390:National Settlement Depository
1:
1318:"Global Securities Financing"
699:Denis Robert, Ernest Backes:
684:Denis Robert, Ernest Backes:
644:platform, called the Bridge.
208:transactions and is owned by
314:and Ernest Backes, entitled
703:(Edition des Arènes, 2002,
688:(Edition des Arènes, 2001,
508:cash or securities against
489:Global Securities Financing
1628:
1438:"Investment Fund Services"
1242:"LuxCSD Customer Handbook"
303:
253:Central Bank of Luxembourg
194:http://www.clearstream.com
1582:Capital markets of Europe
355:Iranian funds controversy
210:
180:
93:
1046:. IMDb. 11 February 2015
547:Investment Fund Services
18:Clearstream Banking S.A.
598:certificates of deposit
568:delivery versus payment
1343:"Global Liquidity Hub"
1043:The Clearstream Affair
859:Norman, Peter (2007).
348:The Clearstream Affair
47:self-published sources
1567:Clearstream's website
734:European Central Bank
557:exchange-traded funds
518:Collateral management
755:"Company Governance"
939:Deutsche-boerse.com
784:deutsche-boerse.com
602:depository receipts
474:as well as tax and
444:Deutsche Bundesbank
90:
1612:2000 in Luxembourg
893:"Office Locations"
306:Clearstream affair
300:Clearstream affair
236:being the other).
1230:. March 23, 2022.
964:Finextra Research
870:978-0-470-72425-5
610:commercial papers
472:corporate actions
289:Eurobond market.
199:
198:
126:January 2000
86:
85:
78:
16:(Redirected from
1619:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1515:. Archived from
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1490:. Archived from
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1465:. Archived from
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1409:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1373:. Archived from
1372:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1345:. Archived from
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1320:. Archived from
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1295:. Archived from
1293:"Asset services"
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1270:. Archived from
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:on March 7, 2016
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
931:
925:
924:
922:
914:
908:
907:
905:
904:
895:. Archived from
889:
883:
882:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
837:. Archived from
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
812:. Archived from
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
786:. Archived from
776:
770:
769:
767:
766:
757:. Archived from
751:
745:
744:
742:
740:
726:
673:. (Wiley, 2008,
640:
639:
635:
586:
585:
581:
501:
500:
496:
467:
466:
462:
450:Business streams
408:trade repository
324:money laundering
216:AG. It provides
215:
214:
185:
184:
133:
131:
98:
91:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1592:Payment systems
1587:2000s in France
1572:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1544:. 16 April 2012
1536:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1442:Clearstream.com
1436:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1368:"Archived copy"
1366:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
966:. 29 March 2004
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
933:
932:
928:
920:
916:
915:
911:
902:
900:
891:
890:
886:
871:
858:
857:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
778:
777:
773:
764:
762:
753:
752:
748:
738:
736:
728:
727:
723:
718:
666:
658:Jeffrey Tessler
654:
641:
637:
633:
631:
630:
587:
583:
579:
577:
576:
549:
534:clearing houses
502:
498:
494:
492:
491:
468:
464:
460:
458:
457:
452:
424:
401:
378:
357:
328:shell companies
308:
302:
286:
275:natural persons
151:
145:
143:Luxembourg City
129:
127:
82:
71:
65:
62:
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:External links
1559:
1556:
1555:
1529:
1504:
1479:
1454:
1429:
1404:
1359:
1334:
1309:
1284:
1259:
1233:
1228:Financial Post
1215:
1197:
1174:
1149:
1124:
1112:Law.justia.com
1099:
1087:Law.justia.com
1074:
1071:. p. 122.
1057:
1033:
1007:
977:
951:
926:
923:. p. 230.
909:
884:
869:
851:
826:
801:
790:on 18 May 2015
771:
746:
720:
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
701:La Boîte Noire
697:
682:
669:Peter Norman:
665:
662:
661:
660:
653:
652:Notable people
650:
629:
626:
606:treasury bills
575:
572:
548:
545:
490:
487:
456:
455:Asset Services
453:
451:
448:
423:
420:
400:
399:Joint ventures
397:
388:, the Russian
377:
374:
356:
353:
320:La Boîte Noire
304:Main article:
301:
298:
285:
282:
212:Deutsche Börse
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
182:Deutsche Börse
177:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
141:
139:
135:
134:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
84:
83:
66:September 2019
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1519:on 2015-03-23
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1494:on 2015-03-23
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1469:on 2015-05-18
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1419:on 2015-03-23
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1380:on 2015-05-18
1376:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1349:on 2015-03-23
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1324:on 2015-03-18
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1299:on 2015-03-23
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1274:on 2013-02-15
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
995:
991:
987:
981:
978:
965:
961:
955:
952:
940:
936:
930:
927:
919:
913:
910:
899:on 2015-03-23
898:
894:
888:
885:
880:
876:
872:
866:
862:
855:
852:
841:on 2015-03-23
840:
836:
830:
827:
816:on 2017-03-03
815:
811:
805:
802:
789:
785:
781:
775:
772:
761:on 2015-05-18
760:
756:
750:
747:
735:
731:
725:
722:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
663:
659:
656:
655:
651:
649:
645:
636:
627:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
582:
573:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
546:
544:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
497:
488:
486:
484:
479:
477:
473:
463:
454:
449:
447:
445:
439:
437:
433:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
398:
396:
393:
391:
387:
382:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
352:
350:
349:
343:
339:
337:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
299:
297:
294:
290:
283:
281:
278:
276:
272:
271:AML-regulated
268:
267:central banks
263:
260:
258:
254:
248:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:asset classes
223:
219:
213:
207:
203:
195:
192:
188:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
144:
140:
136:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
92:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
1546:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:the original
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1488:"Settlement"
1482:
1471:. Retrieved
1467:the original
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1382:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1192:interfax.com
1191:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1077:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1042:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1021:The Guardian
1020:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:the original
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
938:
929:
912:
901:. Retrieved
897:the original
887:
860:
854:
843:. Retrieved
839:the original
829:
818:. Retrieved
814:the original
810:"Who we are"
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:the original
783:
774:
763:. Retrieved
759:the original
749:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
700:
686:Révélation$
685:
670:
664:Bibliography
646:
642:
595:
588:
565:
553:mutual funds
550:
538:
527:
523:margin calls
503:
480:
476:proxy voting
469:
440:
425:
405:
402:
394:
383:
379:
370:
366:
362:
358:
346:
344:
340:
332:
319:
316:Révélation$
315:
312:Denis Robert
309:
295:
291:
287:
279:
264:
261:
249:
238:
201:
200:
138:Headquarters
130:2000-January
103:Company type
72:
63:
52:Please help
44:
1248:. p. 9
561:hedge funds
559:(ETFs) and
483:immobilised
422:Supervision
412:derivatives
224:across all
202:Clearstream
89:Clearstream
1576:Categories
1523:2015-05-07
1498:2015-05-07
1473:2015-05-07
1463:"Issuance"
1423:2015-05-07
1384:2015-05-07
1353:2015-05-07
1328:2015-05-07
1303:2015-05-07
1278:2015-05-07
1246:Luxcsd.com
903:2015-05-07
845:2015-05-07
820:2017-02-19
765:2015-05-07
716:References
709:291248538X
694:2912485282
679:0470724250
628:Settlement
510:collateral
384:After the
241:Luxembourg
222:securities
218:settlement
206:securities
149:Luxembourg
107:Subsidiary
54:improve it
1413:"Vestima"
879:297185749
530:liquidity
257:Eurobonds
234:Euroclear
1548:1 August
1513:"Bridge"
1447:1 August
1393:cite web
1252:1 August
1167:1 August
1142:1 August
1117:1 August
1092:1 August
1050:1 August
1026:1 August
1000:1 August
970:1 August
944:1 August
794:1 August
739:1 August
622:warrants
618:equities
574:Issuance
418:(EMIR).
351:(2014).
156:Products
113:Industry
1542:Bis.org
1210:Reuters
1162:Dgap.de
1137:Dgap.de
990:Reuters
514:default
284:History
245:Germany
190:Website
166:Members
128: (
123:Founded
117:Finance
58:sources
877:
867:
707:
692:
677:
632:": -->
578:": -->
493:": -->
459:": -->
336:Thales
175:Parent
169:5,000+
1378:(PDF)
1371:(PDF)
1069:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
614:bonds
1550:2018
1449:2018
1399:link
1254:2018
1169:2018
1144:2018
1119:2018
1094:2018
1052:2018
1028:2018
1002:2018
972:2018
946:2018
875:OCLC
865:ISBN
796:2018
741:2018
705:ISBN
690:ISBN
675:ISBN
634:edit
580:edit
506:lend
495:edit
461:edit
410:for
318:and
269:and
243:and
555:to
541:ASX
1578::
1540:.
1440:.
1395:}}
1391:{{
1244:.
1226:.
1208:.
1190:.
1177:^
1160:.
1135:.
1110:.
1085:.
1019:.
988:.
962:.
937:.
873:.
782:.
732:.
620:,
616:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
563:.
516:.
478:.
446:.
438:.
259:.
146:,
1552:.
1526:.
1501:.
1476:.
1451:.
1426:.
1401:)
1387:.
1356:.
1331:.
1306:.
1281:.
1256:.
1194:.
1171:.
1146:.
1121:.
1096:.
1054:.
1030:.
1004:.
974:.
948:.
906:.
881:.
848:.
823:.
798:.
768:.
743:.
711:)
696:)
681:)
638:]
584:]
499:]
465:]
232:(
132:)
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
