404:
234:: cry16Aa, cry17Aa, cbm17.1, and cbm17.2. When the four genes were individually expressed, none of the four proteins encoded exhibited mosquitocidal activity. This suggests that the toxicity requires four proteins cooperating as a complex to take effect. A single promoter was found upstream of the four genes, indicating that the four were likely to be expressed simultaneously. The half-life of toxicity was about one day and the toxin was unstable in high temperature. Although
48:
225:
subsp. Malaysia, was the first anaerobic bacterium known to kill mosquito larvae. The subspecies was part of a collection at the
Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia. A biochemical analysis found that the mosquitocidal
526:
284:
500:
312:
487:
513:
559:
554:
564:
518:
47:
344:
Qureshi, Nadia; Chawla, Swati; Likitvivatanavonga, Supaporn; Ham, Lim Lee; Gill, Sarjeet S. (September 2014).
346:"The Cry Toxin Operon of Clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia Is Highly Toxic to Aedes Larval Mosquitoes"
206:
429:
132:
99:
474:
398:
303:
198:
154:
42:
505:
461:
375:
252:
are different than those controlled by the cry operon; rather, the toxins selectively target
365:
357:
280:
109:
531:
403:
244:
mosquito larvae, the toxin produced by Cry operon has no mosquitocidal effect on mature
17:
370:
345:
548:
89:
466:
452:
218:
79:
240:
227:
69:
409:
379:
446:
361:
202:
59:
326:
492:
415:
322:
231:
423:
393:
254:
248:
individuals. Thus, the genes accountable for the toxicity towards
281:"LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature"
479:
427:
285:
Deutsche
Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
258:
mosquito larvae, in which they cause high mortality.
148:(Weinberg and SĂ©guin 1918) Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2016
436:
308:: (Weinberg and SĂ©guin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923"
238:subsp. Malaysia is shown to be more lethal to
175:(Weinberg and SĂ©guin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923
313:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
424:
402:
31:
369:
267:
350:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
276:Species: Paraclostridium bifermentans
161:
7:
25:
46:
394:"Paraclostridium bifermentans"
1:
230:is coded by four genes in an
186:Paraclostridium bifermentans
142:Paraclostridium bifermentans
36:Paraclostridium bifermentans
581:
560:Bacteria described in 1918
213:Toxins and mosquito larvae
167:Weinberg and SĂ©guin 1918
160:
153:
138:
131:
43:Scientific classification
41:
34:
532:clostridium-bifermentans
438:Clostridium bifermentans
411:Clostridium bifermentans
329:Clostridium bifermentans
306:Clostridium bifermentans
223:Clostridium bifermentans
191:Clostridium bifermentans
172:Clostridium bifermentans
18:Clostridium bifermentans
207:gram-positive bacterium
555:Gram-positive bacteria
565:Peptostreptococcaceae
164:Bacillus bifermentans
100:Peptostreptococcaceae
399:Encyclopedia of Life
362:10.1128/aem.01139-14
189:, formerly known as
124:P. bifermentans
27:Species of bacterium
542:
541:
430:Taxon identifiers
356:(18): 5689–5696.
182:
181:
176:
168:
16:(Redirected from
572:
535:
534:
522:
521:
509:
508:
496:
495:
483:
482:
470:
469:
457:
456:
455:
425:
406:
383:
373:
340:
338:
337:
318:
295:
294:
292:
291:
272:
193:and abbreviated
174:
166:
144:
51:
50:
32:
21:
580:
579:
575:
574:
573:
571:
570:
569:
545:
544:
543:
538:
530:
525:
517:
512:
504:
499:
491:
486:
478:
473:
465:
460:
451:
450:
445:
432:
390:
343:
335:
333:
321:
302:
299:
298:
289:
287:
279:
273:
269:
264:
236:C. bifermentans
215:
149:
146:
140:
127:
111:Paraclostridium
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
578:
576:
568:
567:
562:
557:
547:
546:
540:
539:
537:
536:
523:
510:
497:
484:
471:
458:
442:
440:
434:
433:
428:
422:
421:
407:
389:
388:External links
386:
385:
384:
341:
319:
297:
296:
266:
265:
263:
260:
214:
211:
180:
179:
178:
177:
169:
158:
157:
151:
150:
147:
136:
135:
129:
128:
121:
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
577:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
550:
533:
528:
524:
520:
515:
511:
507:
502:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
468:
463:
459:
454:
448:
444:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
420:
419:
413:
412:
408:
405:
401:
400:
395:
392:
391:
387:
381:
377:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
332:
330:
324:
320:
316:
314:
309:
307:
301:
300:
286:
282:
277:
271:
268:
261:
259:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:
173:
170:
165:
162:
159:
156:
152:
145:
143:
137:
134:
133:Binomial name
130:
126:
125:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:Eubacteriales
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
437:
417:
410:
397:
353:
349:
334:. Retrieved
328:
311:
305:
288:. Retrieved
275:
270:
253:
249:
245:
239:
235:
222:
216:
194:
190:
185:
184:
183:
171:
163:
141:
139:
123:
122:
110:
35:
29:
549:Categories
336:2011-01-25
290:2022-08-19
262:References
219:subspecies
217:A certain
80:Clostridia
250:Anopheles
246:Anopheles
241:Anopheles
228:cry toxin
199:anaerobic
118:Species:
70:Bacillota
506:10935037
453:Q3681019
447:Wikidata
380:25002432
197:, is an
155:Synonyms
96:Family:
66:Phylum:
60:Bacteria
56:Domain:
493:3226634
396:at the
371:4178593
323:UniProt
106:Genus:
86:Order:
76:Class:
519:960727
480:996632
378:
368:
315:(NCBI)
232:operon
203:motile
501:IRMNG
274:Page
255:Aedes
195:CLOBI
527:LPSN
514:ITIS
488:GBIF
467:WBL6
418:Dive
376:PMID
475:EoL
462:CoL
416:Bac
414:at
366:PMC
358:doi
278:on
551::
529::
516::
503::
490::
477::
464::
449::
374:.
364:.
354:80
352:.
348:.
325:.
310:.
283:.
221:,
209:.
205:,
201:,
382:.
360::
339:.
331:"
327:"
317:.
304:"
293:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
