153:
133:
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38:
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120:, the close helmet had an entirely different method of opening. Like the armet, the close helmet followed the contours of the head and neck closely, and narrowed at the throat, therefore it required a mechanical method for opening and closing. While an armet opened laterally using two large hinged cheekpieces, a close helmet instead opened vertically via an integral rotating
190:', which were armours with interchangeable parts ('pieces of exchange') to suit heavy or light field use, and the many different forms of tournament combat. Garnitures would usually include elements for reinforcing the left side of the helmet for use in jousting. Such reinforcing pieces were called 'double pieces' or 'pieces of advantage'.
179:
161:
bevor, was projecting and shaped like the prow of a modern ship. The upper visor, when closed, fitted within the upper edge of the ventail; it could be raised independently of the ventail by the provision of a projecting lifting peg. At the same time, on most helmets, the base of the bevor and the lower edge of the skull had laminated
141:
helmets were rounded with visors of the 'sparrow's beak' form, whereas in
Germany, the fluted 'Maximillian' style of armour produced distinctive types of helmet. The skulls of these helmets were globular with a low crest; many were decorated with fluting but some were plain. Two types of visor were produced, the
140:
Beginning around 1500, armour, including helmets, became more immediately influenced by fashion, especially in civilian clothing. As a result close helmets came in a huge variety of forms. The earliest close helmets resembled contemporary armets. In Italy, England and France in the period 1510–1525
160:
From the 1520s a new, almost universal, variety of close helmet was developed. The previous forms of one-piece visor were replaced by a more complex system of face covering. The visor was split, below the eye-slits, into two independently pivoting parts. The lower half, called the ventail or upper
169:
There are many helmets surviving with 'grotesque' visors. These are thought to have been used as part of a 'costume armour' worn at parades and during festivities. Some of these masks portrayed the heads of animals or demons, whilst others were evidently for comic effect, being caricatures of the
124:, which was attached to the same pivots as its visor. The moving parts were usually secured when closed by pivot-hooks engaging pierced staples. Alternatively, spring-loaded studs could be employed. The bevor was often held closed by a strap.
165:
plates attached. Crests, running from front to back tended to become taller in the course of the 16th century, becoming particularly exaggerated in some
Italian-made examples, before becoming reduced in size at the century's close.
101:
Comparison of close helm and armet in open position. Note the close helm uses a single pivot point for the double visor and bevor, while the armet has hinged cheek plates that lock in place.
1676:
152:
1563:
113:
in the late 15th century. In contemporary sources it was sometimes also referred to as an 'armet', though modern scholarship draws a clear distinction between the two types.
182:
A close helmet with a split visor (also with an extra pivoting peak), c. 1560 (notice that its bevor – secured by a strap – is attached to the same pivot as the visors)
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The close helmet was used on the field of battle, but was also popular for use in tournaments. Wealthy men often owned '
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The Art of
Chivalry : European arms and armor from the Metropolitan Museum of Art : an exhibition
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156:
Close helmet with grotesque visor (modern reproduction of a German helmet of c. 1520 style)
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331:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and The American Federation of Arts.
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European
Weapons and Armour. From Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution.
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form, which was more projecting and is commonly called a 'monkey face'.
136:
German close helmet of the
Maximillian type, with bellows visor, c. 1520
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French close helmet of the later split-visor type, c. 1555–1560
105:
The close helmet was developed from the later versions of the
73:
eras. It was also used by some heavily armoured, pistol-armed
338:
27:
Helmet that fully encloses the head, with pivoted bevor
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81:. It is a fully enclosing helmet with a pivoting
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145:form, which had a 'bellows' shape, and the
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317:European arms and Armour Vol. 1: Armour
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1573:Components of medieval European armour
310:Arms and Armour of the Medieval Knight
7:
116:While outwardly very similar to the
25:
1675:
291:The Boydell Press, Woolbridge.
315:Wallace Collection Catalogue.
109:and the superficially similar
1:
284:. Osprey Publishing, London.
280:Gravett, Christopher (2006)
928:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
312:. London: Bison Books, 1988
1979:
1064:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
29:
1673:
287:Oakeshott, Ewart (2000)
30:Not to be confused with
323:Nickel, H, ed. (1982).
170:faces of their owners.
1266:Advanced Combat Helmet
268:Gravett, pp. 20 and 62
241:Oakeshott, pp. 218–221
223:Oakeshott, pp. 121–122
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157:
137:
102:
42:
1358:Boxing / Martial Arts
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1963:Western plate armour
908:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
1079:Romanian M73 helmet
1033:M1918 (Switzerland)
953:Mk II talker helmet
918:Stahlhelm (Germany)
473:Henry VIII's Horned
1316:Lightweight Helmet
791:Lobster-tailed pot
184:
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1939:
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988:SSh-39 and SSh-40
923:M1934/39 (Greece)
259:Oakeshott, p. 123
214:Oakeshott, p. 122
205:Oakeshott, p. 121
57:that was worn by
16:(Redirected from
1970:
1953:Medieval helmets
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303:Further reading
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1023:M1937 (Sweden)
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1018:M1926 (Sweden)
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85:and integral
84:
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77:into the mid-
76:
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67:Late Medieval
64:
60:
56:
55:combat helmet
53:is a type of
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
1652:Nasal helmet
1617:Close helmet
1616:
1494:Heraldic use
1482:Helmet cover
1254:2001–present
1084:Mº 44 E.T.A.
938:M42 Duperite
836:Takula tofao
786:Lamellenhelm
720:
684:Early Modern
682:Medieval and
653:Montefortino
398:Benty Grange
335:
328:
325:
316:
309:
288:
282:Tudor Knight
281:
275:Bibliography
264:
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185:
168:
159:
139:
115:
104:
79:17th century
50:
47:close helmet
46:
44:
1744:Breastplate
1662:Spangenhelm
1607:Cervelliere
1271:BK-3 helmet
1225:Hełm wz. 93
1149:Paratrooper
1134:Modèle 1978
1129:Modèle 1951
1104:Hełm wz. 67
1099:Hełm wz. 63
1094:Hełm wz. 50
968:Hełm wz. 31
933:M33 (Italy)
872:Pith helmet
867:Pickelhaube
855:Late Modern
831:Spangenhelm
816:Pickelhaube
716:Cervelliere
598:Boar's tusk
458:Guisborough
423:Coțofenești
75:cuirassiers
71:Renaissance
63:men-at-arms
1947:Categories
1789:Lance rest
1749:Brigandine
1667:Kettle hat
1627:Frog mouth
1622:Great helm
1405:Motorcycle
1388:Revolution
1373:Equestrian
1200:M90 (Iraq)
781:Kulah khud
741:Frog-mouth
618:Corinthian
608:Chalcidian
538:Sutton Hoo
523:Ribchester
483:Iron Gates
478:Horncastle
448:Gjermundbu
418:Coppergate
408:Canterbury
379:historical
377:Individual
194:References
188:garnitures
128:Variations
61:and other
51:close helm
18:Close helm
1896:Schynbald
1840:Rerebrace
1642:Mail coif
1632:Hounskull
1531:Zuckerman
1487:Mitznefet
1436:Custodian
1415:Scrum cap
1383:Eyeshield
1261:A2 Helmet
1178:1980–2000
1164:Swiss M71
1047:1945–1980
886:1914–1945
756:Hounskull
638:Kegelhelm
143:Nuremberg
1871:Chausses
1850:Vambrace
1845:Spaulder
1835:Pauldron
1830:Gauntlet
1784:Codpiece
1769:Plackart
1713:Aventail
1602:Burgonet
1597:Bascinet
1509:Tarnhelm
1451:Hard hat
1400:Lacrosse
1339:Athletic
1311:KH-B2000
1286:ECH (US)
1114:M76 Para
1059:CABAL II
731:Enclosed
711:Burgonet
706:Bascinet
696:Aventail
673:Shmarjet
663:Phrygian
633:Imperial
628:Illyrian
603:Boeotian
558:Waterloo
553:Venetian
528:Shorwell
508:Nijmegen
503:Newstead
463:Hallaton
443:Gevninge
413:Ciumeşti
388:Agighiol
147:Augsburg
1958:Helmets
1917:Gousset
1891:Sabaton
1876:Cuisses
1820:Besagew
1815:Ailette
1779:Hauberk
1764:Pauncer
1754:Cuirass
1728:Pizaine
1592:Barbute
1504:Mahiole
1461:Welding
1368:Cricket
1363:Bicycle
1351:Coolflo
1346:Batting
1240:SPECTRA
1169:Type 66
862:Dragoon
826:Secrete
761:Jingasa
726:Dragoon
701:Barbute
586:Ancient
518:Pioneer
493:Meyrick
488:Lokrume
381:helmets
370:Helmets
65:in the
59:knights
1927:Rondel
1910:Pieces
1901:Tasset
1886:Poleyn
1881:Greave
1825:Couter
1723:Gorget
1657:Sallet
1647:Morion
1526:Winged
1499:Horned
1477:Flight
1441:Diving
1410:Racing
1395:Hockey
1276:QGF-03
1210:M59/85
1159:SSh-68
1154:SSh-60
1144:OR-201
1089:M59/85
1013:SSK 90
983:SSh-36
958:Mk III
898:Brodie
893:Adrian
846:Viking
841:Turban
821:Sallet
811:Paseki
801:Morion
776:Kettle
771:Katapu
766:Kabuto
613:Coolus
578:Combat
513:Peretu
498:Nemiya
468:Hellvi
295:
163:gorget
107:sallet
1866:Bases
1774:Fauld
1759:Culet
1737:Torso
1718:Bevor
1692:Visor
1587:Armet
1470:Other
1235:Sfera
1220:PASGT
1205:JK 96
1195:GOLFO
1185:CG634
1139:MPC-1
1119:Mk IV
806:Nasal
796:Mempo
751:Great
721:Close
691:Armet
668:Pilos
658:Negau
643:Konos
623:Galea
593:Attic
548:Veksø
543:Tjele
438:Emesa
393:Agris
122:bevor
118:armet
111:armet
87:bevor
83:visor
1922:Lame
1859:Legs
1808:Arms
1706:Neck
1685:Face
1580:Head
1514:Pith
1429:Work
1326:Mk 7
1321:MICH
1306:IHPS
1296:6B47
1291:FAST
1124:Mk 6
1069:GK80
568:Yarm
403:Broe
293:ISBN
69:and
45:The
1420:Ski
1245:6B7
1215:M87
1190:M92
1109:M63
978:RAC
948:M1C
174:Use
49:or
1949::
943:M1
89:.
1565:e
1558:t
1551:v
362:e
355:t
348:v
319:.
34:.
20:)
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