1200:: "Of course, some psychological and behavioral symptoms are not caused by emotional learnings—for example, hypothyroidism-induced depression, autism, and biochemical addiction—but it is implicit emotional learnings that therapists and their clients are working to overcome in most cases. There are also genetic or biochemical factors that may contribute to mood disturbances, but it is nevertheless the individual's implicit emotional learnings that are largely responsible for triggering specific bouts of emotional instability..."
940:. In such behavioral therapies, new preferred behavioral patterns are typically practiced to compete against and hopefully override the unwanted ones; this counteractive process, like the "extinction" of conditioned responses in animals, is known to be inherently unstable and prone to relapse, because the neural circuit of the unwanted pattern continues to exist even when the unwanted pattern is in abeyance. Through reconsolidation, the unwanted neural circuits are "unwired" and cannot relapse.
933:. The assertions that coherence therapy achieves implicit memory deletion align with the growing body of evidence supporting memory reconsolidation. Ecker and colleagues claim that: (a) their procedural steps match those identified by neuroscientists for reconsolidation, (b) their procedural steps result in effortless cessation of symptoms, and (c) the emotional experience of the retrieved, symptom-generating emotional schemas can no longer be evoked by cues that formerly evoked it strongly.
36:
663:), which are nonverbal, emotional, perceptual and somatic knowings, not verbal-cognitive propositions. A therapy client's presenting symptoms are understood as an activation and enactment of specific constructs. The principle of symptom coherence can be found in varying degrees, explicitly or implicitly, in the writings of a number of historical psychotherapy theorists, including
580:
788:
There are several forms of symptom coherence. Some symptoms are necessary because they serve a crucial function (such as depression that protects against feeling and expressing anger), while others have no function but are necessary in the sense of being an inevitable effect, or by-product, caused by
866:
A person's first-order symptoms of thought, mood, or behavior follow from a second-order construal of the situation, and that second-order construal is powerfully influenced by the person's third- and fourth-order constructions. Hence the third and higher orders constitute what Ecker and Hulley call
879:
Ecker and Hulley began developing experiential methods to intentionally facilitate this process. They found that a majority of their clients could begin having experiences of the underlying coherence of their symptoms from the first session. In addition to creating a methodology for swift retrieval
875:
Coherence therapy was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s as Ecker and Hulley investigated why certain psychotherapy sessions seemed to produce deep transformations of emotional meaning and immediate symptom cessation, while most sessions did not. Studying many such transformative sessions
731:. It differs from some other forms of constructivism in that the principle of symptom coherence is fully explicit and rigorously operationalized, guiding and informing the entire methodology. The process of coherence therapy is experiential rather than analytic, and in this regard is similar to
884:
driving symptom production, they also identified the process by which retrieved schemas then undergo profound change or dissolution: the retrieved emotional schema must be activated while concurrently the individual vividly experiences something that sharply contradicts it. Neuroscientists
792:
In other words, the theory states that symptoms are produced by how the individual strives, without conscious awareness, to carry out self-protecting or self-affirming purposes formed in the course of living. This model of symptom production fits into the broader category of psychological
876:
for several years, they concluded that in these sessions, the therapist had desisted from doing anything to oppose or counteract the symptom, and the client had a powerful, felt experience of some previously unrecognized "emotional truth" that was making the symptom necessary to have.
751:) which produce an unwanted symptom and to undergo a natural process of revising or dissolving these constructs, thereby eliminating the symptom. Practitioners claim that the entire process often requires a dozen sessions or less, although it can take longer when the meanings and
718:
The principle of symptom coherence maintains that an individual's seemingly irrational, out-of-control symptoms are actually sensible, cogent, orderly expressions of the person's existing constructions of self and world, rather than a disorder or pathology. Even a person's
789:
some other adaptive, coherent but unconscious response (such as depression resulting from isolation, which itself is a strategy for feeling safe). Both functional and functionless symptoms are coherent, according to the client's own material.
642:
are produced coherently according to the person's current mental models of reality, most of which are implicit and unconscious. It was founded by Bruce Ecker and Laurel Hulley in the 1990s. It has been considered among the most well respected
723:
to change is seen as a result of the coherence of the person's mental constructions. Thus, coherence therapy, like some other postmodern therapies, approaches a person's resistance to change as an ally in psychotherapy and not an enemy.
1961:
Voss, Jami C (July 2014). "Connecting constructivism and brain science: a review of 'Unlocking the emotional brain: eliminating symptoms at their roots using memory reconsolidation' by Bruce Ecker, Robin Ticic, and Laurel Hulley".
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in order for the name to more clearly reflect the central principle of the approach, and also because many therapists had come to associate the phrase "brief therapy" with depth-avoidant methods that they regard as superficial.
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Symptom coherence does not apply to those symptoms that are not directly or indirectly caused by implicit schemas or emotional learnings—for example, hypothyroidism-induced depression, autism, and biochemical addiction.
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Each symptom-requiring construction is cogent—a sensible, meaningful, well-knit, well-defined schema that was formed adaptively in response to earlier experiences and is still carried and applied in the
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A person produces a particular symptom because, despite the suffering it entails, the symptom is compellingly necessary to have, according to at least one unconscious, nonverbal, emotionally potent
823:
As a tool for identifying all of a person's relevant schemas or constructions of reality, Ecker and Hulley defined several logically hierarchical domains or orders of construction (inspired by
1379:
Christopher, John
Chambers; Gable, Samuel C; Goodman, David M (2015). "Theoretical bases of psychotherapeutic practices". In Martin, Jack; Sugarman, Jeff; Slaney, Kathleen L (eds.).
1348:
Bridges, Sara K (2016). "Coherence therapy: the roots of problems and the transformation of old solutions". In
Tinsley, Howard E A; Lease, Suzanne H; Wiersma, Noelle S (eds.).
1835:
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Ecker, Bruce; Hulley, Laurel (2000). "The order in clinical 'disorder': symptom coherence in depth-oriented brief therapy". In
Neimeyer, Robert A; Raskin, Jonathan D (eds.).
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subsequently determined that these same steps are precisely what unlocks and deletes the neural circuit in implicit memory that stores an emotional learning—the process of
1147:, p. 139: "The concept of the symptom's coherence within the operation of the psyche is not a new idea ... More recently, family therapist and systems theorist
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The process of removing the neural basis of the symptom in coherence therapy (and in similar postmodern therapies) is different from the counteractive strategy of some
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The basis of coherence therapy is the principle of symptom coherence. This is the view that any response of the brain–mind–body system is an expression of coherent
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Nader, Karim; Schafe, Glenn E; Le Doux, Joseph E (17 August 2000). "Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval".
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from 2007 to 2009, Bruce Ecker and Brian Toomey presented evidence that coherence therapy may be one of the systems of psychotherapy which, according to current
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Rice, Kenneth G; Neimeyer, Greg J; Taylor, Jennifer M (December 2011). "Efficacy of coherence therapy in the treatment of procrastination and perfectionism".
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867:"the emotional truth of the symptom", which are the meanings and purposes that are intended to be discovered, integrated, and transformed in therapy.
320:
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The person ceases producing the symptom as soon as there no longer exists any construction of reality in which the symptom is necessary to have.
547:
1418:
Ecker, Bruce (2000). "Depth oriented brief therapy: accelerated accessing of the coherent unconscious". In
Carlson, Jon; Sperry, Len (eds.).
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Due to the swiftness of change that Ecker and Hulley began experiencing with many of their clients, they initially named this new system
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Ecker and Toomey argued that the mechanism of change in coherence therapy correlates with the recently discovered neural process of "
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Leitner, Larry M; Lonoff, Julie R (2010). "Constructivist psychotherapy". In Weiner, Irving B; Craighead, W Edward (eds.).
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The Wiley handbook of theoretical and philosophical psychology: methods, approaches, and new directions for social sciences
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552:
119:
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1654:"Memory reconsolidation, emotional arousal and the process of change in psychotherapy: new insights from brain science"
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constructivism, which views the person as having profound, if unrecognized, agency in shaping experience and behavior.
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Forcato, Cecilia; Burgos, Valeria L; Argibay, Pablo F; Molina, Victor A; Pedreira, MarĂa E; Maldonado, HĂ©ctor (2007).
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743:. The aim is for the client to come into direct, emotional experience of the unconscious personal constructs (akin to
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2483:"Older and stronger object memories are selectively destabilized by reactivation in the presence of new information"
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2081:"Human reconsolidation does not always occur when a memory is retrieved: the relevance of the reminder structure"
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A selection of the many scientific studies and related literature cited by Ecker and colleagues would include:
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The third order consists of the person's broad purposes and strategies for construing that specific meaning (
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The fifth order consists of the person's broad purposes and strategies for construing that general meaning.
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The fourth order consists of the person's general meaning of the nature of self, others, and the world (
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Aside from the publications of Bruce Ecker and Laurel Hulley, who created coherence therapy (e.g.,
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1887:"Of neurons and knowings: constructivism, coherence psychology, and their neurodynamic substrates"
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2215:"Reconsolidation of episodic memories: a subtle reminder triggers integration of new information"
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1762:"Symptoms and significance: constructivist contributions to the treatment of performance anxiety"
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made the case that a constructivist view of coherence should replace the conceptually flawed and
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Unlocking the emotional brain: eliminating symptoms at their roots using memory reconsolidation
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Walker, Matthew P; Brakefield, Tiffany; Hobson, J Allan; Stickgold, Robert (9 October 2003).
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Depth-oriented brief therapy: how to be brief when you were trained to be deep—and vice versa
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Forcato, Cecilia; RodrĂguez, MarĂa LC; Pedreira, MarĂa E; Maldonado, HĂ©ctor (January 2010).
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1611:"Postmodern strategies for working with resistance: problem resolution or self-revolution?"
2167:"Reconsolidation in humans opens up declarative memory to the entrance of new information"
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The first order consists of a person's overt responses: thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
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Forcato, Cecilia; Argibay, Pablo F; Pedreira, MarĂa E; Maldonado, HĂ©ctor (January 2009).
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Raskin, Jonathan D (May 2012). "Evolutionary constructivism and humanistic psychology".
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Ecker, Bruce (January 2015). "Memory reconsolidation understood and misunderstood".
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996:), applications, trials, and summaries of coherence therapy can be found in:
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Higher orders (beyond the fifth order) are rarely involved in psychotherapy.
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2262:(2009). "Episodic memory reconsolidation: updating or source confusion?".
1573:"Depotentiation of symptom-producing implicit memory in coherence therapy"
1995:"Transformative emotional sequence: towards a common principle of change"
1925:"Competing visions of the implications of neuroscience for psychotherapy"
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Constructions of disorder: meaning-making frameworks for psychotherapy
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922:, makes fullest use of the brain's built-in capacities for change.
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Winters, Boyer D; Tucci, Mark C; DaCosta-Furtado, Melynda (2009).
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Contemporary theory and practice in counseling and psychotherapy
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1422:. Phoenix, Ariz.: Zeig Tucker & Theisen. pp. 161–190.
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Symptom coherence is defined by Ecker and Hulley as follows:
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underlying the symptom are particularly complex or intense.
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See the theories of prominent cognitive scientists such as
1267:
1733:. The CBT distinctive features series. London; New York:
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Sevenster, Dieuwke; Beckers, Tom; Kindt, Merel (2012).
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of the concrete situation to which they are responding.
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2299:Myers, Karyn M; Davis, Michael (14 November 2002).
1836:
1540:Ecker, Bruce; Ticic, Robin; Hulley, Laurel (2012).
899:In 2005, Ecker and Hulley began calling the system
834:The second order consists of the person's specific
2528:— Coherence Therapy (Depth Oriented Brief Therapy)
1731:Constructivist psychotherapy: distinctive features
1609:Frankel, Ze'ev; Levitt, Heidi M (September 2006).
1467:
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2122:"Reconsolidation of declarative memory in humans"
2034:"Characterization of fear memory reconsolidation"
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811:Logic-based therapy § Higher order premises
2209:Hupbach, Almut; Gomez, Rebecca; Hardt, Oliver;
1802:. In Gurman, Alan S; Messer, Stanley B (eds.).
1208:
1206:
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912:In a series of three articles published in the
2301:"Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction"
1804:Essential psychotherapies: theory and practice
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1571:Ecker, Bruce; Toomey, Brian (February 2008).
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1795:Neimeyer, Robert A; Bridges, Sara K (2003).
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1447:International Journal of Neuropsychotherapy
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1923:Toomey, Brian; Ecker, Bruce (March 2009).
1858:Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation
1420:Brief therapy with individuals and couples
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727:Coherence therapy is considered a type of
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1885:Toomey, Brian; Ecker, Bruce (July 2007).
1284:Winters, Tucci & DaCosta-Furtado 2009
960:Decisional balance sheet § ABC model
1797:"Postmodern approaches to psychotherapy"
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1155:concepts of homeostasis and resistance."
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955:Cognitive therapy § Cognitive model
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801:Hierarchical organization of constructs
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1692:The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology
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2542:Constructivism (psychological school)
2032:Duvarci, Sevil; Nader, Karim (2004).
1466:Ecker, Bruce; Hulley, Laurel (1996).
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1030:Christopher, Gable & Goodman 2015
630:based in the theory that symptoms of
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2003:Journal of Psychotherapy Integration
1965:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1933:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1895:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1767:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1616:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
1581:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
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915:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
2392:Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
2174:Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
2085:Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
1760:Neimeyer, Robert A (January 2010).
1292:Sevenster, Beckers & Kindt 2012
1511:American Psychological Association
14:
2258:Hupbach, Almut; Gomez, Rebecca;
1704:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0222
1252:Nader, Schafe & Le Doux 2000
1014:Rice, Neimeyer & Taylor 2011
578:
34:
1280:Hupbach, Gomez & Nadel 2009
2053:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2971-04.2004
1306:Ecker, Ticic & Hulley 2012
1232:Ecker, Ticic & Hulley 2012
1109:Ecker, Ticic & Hulley 2012
699:& Giovanni Liotti (1983),
1:
2320:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01064-4
1694:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
1662:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1644:Lane, Richard D.; Ryan, Lee;
1459:10.12744/ijnpt.2015.0002-0046
819:Semantic memory § Models
321:Industrial and organizational
1978:10.1080/10720537.2013.792756
894:depth-oriented brief therapy
729:psychological constructivism
476:Human factors and ergonomics
1993:Welling, Hans (June 2012).
1729:Neimeyer, Robert A (2009).
1056:Neimeyer & Bridges 2003
998:Neimeyer & Bridges 2003
965:Emotionally focused therapy
777:or construction of reality.
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1806:(2nd ed.). New York:
1393:10.1002/9781118748213.ch27
908:Evidence from neuroscience
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762:
2404:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.01.009
2276:10.1080/09658210902882399
2186:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.08.006
2097:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.09.011
1946:10.1080/10720530802675748
1908:10.1080/10720530701347860
1780:10.1080/10720530903400988
1675:10.1017/S0140525X14000041
1629:10.1080/13854040600689141
1594:10.1080/10720530701853685
1165:Frankel & Levitt 2006
1075:and neurologists such as
1010:Leitner & Lonoff 2010
711:& Lisa Lahey (2001),
251:Applied behavior analysis
1870:10.1177/2150137811417975
1341:Psychotherapy literature
1328:Duvarci & Nader 2004
1264:Duvarci & Nader 2004
815:Second-order cybernetics
721:psychological resistance
2039:Journal of Neuroscience
2025:Neuroscience literature
1221:Toomey & Ecker 2009
1217:Ecker & Toomey 2008
1213:Toomey & Ecker 2007
1145:Ecker & Hulley 1996
1134:Ecker & Hulley 2000
1130:Ecker & Hulley 1996
1105:Ecker & Hulley 2000
1093:Ecker & Hulley 2000
1081:Ecker & Hulley 2000
1045:Ecker & Hulley 1996
994:Ecker & Hulley 1996
950:Client-centered therapy
441:Behavioral neuroscience
96:Behavioral neuroscience
16:System of psychotherapy
1317:Myers & Davis 2002
1256:Myers & Davis 2002
927:memory reconsolidation
491:Psychology of religion
431:Behavioral engineering
115:Cognitive neuroscience
81:Affective neuroscience
2552:Psychotherapy by type
2488:Learning & Memory
2220:Learning & Memory
2127:Learning & Memory
1696:John Wiley & Sons
585:Psychology portal
2526:CoherenceTherapy.org
1810:. pp. 272–316.
1544:. New York; London:
1387:. pp. 424–440.
1356:. pp. 353–380.
1073:Philip Johnson-Laird
1032:, pp. 426–427;
938:behavioral therapies
854:primal world beliefs
807:Double-loop learning
765:Cognitive dissonance
715:(2004), and others.
669:Harry Stack Sullivan
2458:10.1038/nature01930
2450:2003Natur.425..616W
2352:2000Natur.406..722N
1650:Greenberg, Leslie S
1288:Forcato et al. 2010
1276:Forcato et al. 2009
1272:Hupbach et al. 2007
1268:Forcato et al. 2007
705:Bessel van der Kolk
657:personal constructs
651:General description
436:Behavioral genetics
351:Occupational health
91:Behavioral genetics
22:Part of a series on
2502:10.1101/lm.1509909
1509:. Washington, DC:
1260:Walker et al. 2003
1008:, pp. 52–61;
970:Immunity to change
553:Schools of thought
391:Sport and exercise
237:Applied psychology
2547:Postmodern theory
2444:(6958): 616–620.
2346:(6797): 722–726.
2233:10.1101/lm.365707
2140:10.1101/lm.486107
2046:(42): 9269–9275.
1474:. San Francisco:
1354:SAGE Publications
901:coherence therapy
880:of the emotional
759:Symptom coherence
624:Coherence therapy
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518:Counseling topics
461:Consumer behavior
202:Psycholinguistics
86:Affective science
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1556:
1539:
1525:
1500:
1486:
1465:
1444:
1430:
1417:
1403:
1385:Wiley-Blackwell
1383:. Hoboken, NJ:
1378:
1364:
1352:. Los Angeles:
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1128:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1070:
1066:
1058:, p. 290;
1054:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1020:, p. 122;
991:
987:
983:
946:
931:implicit memory
910:
887:reconsolidation
873:
825:Gregory Bateson
821:
803:
767:
761:
733:Gestalt therapy
689:Paul Watzlawick
681:Gregory Bateson
653:
626:is a system of
617:
579:
577:
570:
569:
568:
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543:Psychotherapies
511:
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239:
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187:Neuropsychology
69:
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2520:External links
2518:
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2495:(9): 545–553.
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2398:(3): 338–345.
2380:
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2313:(4): 567–584.
2296:
2270:(5): 502–510.
2255:
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2206:
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2134:(4): 295–303.
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2020:
2010:(2): 109–136.
1990:
1972:(3): 236–240.
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1097:
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1077:Marcus Raichle
1064:
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693:Eugene Gendlin
685:Virginia Satir
652:
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1996:
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1967:
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1940:(2): 95–140.
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1588:(2): 87–150.
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1187:Neimeyer 2009
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1060:Neimeyer 2009
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155:
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150:
148:
145:
143:
142:Developmental
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
102:
99:
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92:
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68:
63:
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57:
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37:
33:
32:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2492:
2486:
2441:
2435:
2395:
2391:
2343:
2337:
2310:
2304:
2267:
2263:
2224:
2218:
2180:(1): 77–84.
2177:
2173:
2131:
2125:
2091:(1): 50–57.
2088:
2084:
2043:
2037:
2007:
2001:
1969:
1963:
1937:
1931:
1899:
1893:
1861:
1857:
1840:
1834:
1803:
1774:(1): 42–64.
1771:
1765:
1730:
1691:
1666:
1660:
1620:
1614:
1585:
1579:
1541:
1504:
1469:
1450:
1446:
1419:
1380:
1349:
1323:
1312:
1246:
1227:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1140:
1111:, p. 45
1100:
1088:
1083:, p. 66
1067:
1062:, p. 89
1051:
1040:
1034:Bridges 2016
1022:Welling 2012
988:
935:
924:
920:neuroscience
913:
911:
900:
898:
893:
891:
878:
874:
865:
822:
795:
791:
787:
768:
726:
717:
709:Robert Kegan
654:
623:
622:
481:Intelligence
212:Quantitative
177:Mathematical
172:Intelligence
162:Experimental
157:Evolutionary
147:Differential
2260:Nadel, Lynn
2211:Nadel, Lynn
1646:Nadel, Lynn
1513:. pp.
1476:Jossey-Bass
1453:(1): 2–46.
1018:Raskin 2012
713:Sue Johnson
677:R. D. Laing
647:therapies.
643:postmodern/
523:Disciplines
396:Suicidology
291:Educational
246:Anomalistic
222:Theoretical
197:Personality
127:Comparative
110:Cognitivism
101:Behaviorism
2536:Categories
1336:References
1240:Ecker 2015
1198:Ecker 2015
1176:Ecker 2000
805:See also:
763:See also:
749:ego-states
451:Competence
316:Humanistic
296:Ergonomics
281:Counseling
256:Assessment
192:Perception
152:Ecological
28:Psychology
1986:142597756
1954:143419678
1916:145232072
1878:145734924
1788:145203830
1753:237402656
1735:Routledge
1722:429227903
1637:144167357
1564:772112300
1546:Routledge
1411:891126188
1372:894301742
1149:Paul Dell
1026:Voss 2014
843:teleology
745:complexes
673:Carl Jung
446:Cognition
361:Political
271:Community
106:Cognitive
56:Subfields
2511:19713353
2466:14534587
2420:30194132
2412:22406658
2368:10963596
2329:12441048
2284:19468955
2251:17202429
2213:(2007).
2194:19703575
2158:17522018
2113:17091354
2105:18854218
2072:15496662
1826:51728692
1683:24827452
1652:(2015).
1602:53543896
1533:42009389
1494:32465258
1438:43599225
944:See also
896:(DOBT).
850:ontology
781:present.
753:emotions
737:Focusing
707:(1994),
703:(1993),
695:(1982),
691:(1974),
687:(1972),
683:(1972),
679:(1967),
675:(1964),
671:(1948),
667:(1923),
640:behavior
558:Timeline
471:Feelings
466:Emotions
426:Behavior
420:Concepts
381:Religion
366:Positive
356:Pastoral
341:Military
306:Forensic
301:Feminist
286:Critical
276:Consumer
266:Coaching
261:Clinical
137:Cultural
76:Abnormal
2474:4431941
2446:Bibcode
2376:4420637
2348:Bibcode
2242:1838545
2202:5789443
2149:2216535
2063:6730081
882:schemas
871:History
836:meaning
661:schemas
636:thought
533:Outline
406:Traffic
401:Systems
336:Medical
167:Gestalt
51:History
46:Outline
2509:
2472:
2464:
2437:Nature
2418:
2410:
2374:
2366:
2339:Nature
2327:
2306:Neuron
2292:695007
2290:
2282:
2264:Memory
2249:
2239:
2200:
2192:
2156:
2146:
2111:
2103:
2070:
2060:
1984:
1952:
1914:
1876:
1824:
1814:
1786:
1751:
1741:
1720:
1710:
1681:
1669:: e1.
1635:
1600:
1562:
1552:
1531:
1521:
1492:
1482:
1436:
1426:
1409:
1399:
1370:
1360:
1153:ad hoc
817:, and
775:schema
741:Hakomi
563:Topics
386:School
311:Health
217:Social
120:Social
2470:S2CID
2432:(PDF)
2416:S2CID
2388:(PDF)
2372:S2CID
2288:S2CID
2198:S2CID
2170:(PDF)
2109:S2CID
1998:(PDF)
1982:S2CID
1950:S2CID
1928:(PDF)
1912:S2CID
1890:(PDF)
1874:S2CID
1800:(PDF)
1784:S2CID
1657:(PDF)
1633:S2CID
1598:S2CID
1576:(PDF)
1517:–89.
981:Notes
509:Lists
346:Music
331:Media
326:Legal
182:Moral
2507:PMID
2462:PMID
2408:PMID
2364:PMID
2325:PMID
2280:PMID
2247:PMID
2190:PMID
2154:PMID
2101:PMID
2068:PMID
1822:OCLC
1812:ISBN
1749:OCLC
1739:ISBN
1718:OCLC
1708:ISBN
1679:PMID
1560:OCLC
1550:ISBN
1529:OCLC
1519:ISBN
1490:OCLC
1480:ISBN
1434:OCLC
1424:ISBN
1407:OCLC
1397:ISBN
1368:OCLC
1358:ISBN
852:and
659:(or
638:and
632:mood
486:Mind
2497:doi
2454:doi
2442:425
2400:doi
2356:doi
2344:406
2315:doi
2272:doi
2237:PMC
2229:doi
2182:doi
2144:PMC
2136:doi
2093:doi
2058:PMC
2048:doi
2012:doi
1974:doi
1942:doi
1904:doi
1866:doi
1845:doi
1776:doi
1700:doi
1671:doi
1625:doi
1590:doi
1455:doi
1389:doi
827:):
747:or
739:or
2538::
2505:.
2493:16
2491:.
2485:.
2468:.
2460:.
2452:.
2440:.
2434:.
2414:.
2406:.
2396:97
2394:.
2390:.
2370:.
2362:.
2354:.
2342:.
2323:.
2311:36
2309:.
2303:.
2286:.
2278:.
2268:17
2266:.
2245:.
2235:.
2225:14
2223:.
2217:.
2196:.
2188:.
2178:93
2176:.
2172:.
2152:.
2142:.
2132:14
2130:.
2124:.
2107:.
2099:.
2089:91
2087:.
2083:.
2066:.
2056:.
2044:24
2042:.
2036:.
2008:22
2006:.
2000:.
1980:.
1970:27
1968:.
1948:.
1938:22
1936:.
1930:.
1910:.
1900:20
1898:.
1892:.
1872:.
1860:.
1841:32
1839:.
1820:.
1782:.
1772:23
1770:.
1764:.
1747:.
1737:.
1716:.
1706:.
1698:.
1677:.
1667:38
1665:.
1659:.
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