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1108:, journalist Brian Melican describes the two major Rhenish cities from a British perspective: "The self-proclaimed 'most beautiful city on the Rhine' feels, I submit, that it has only itself to blame. Just like its neighbour. Cologne also considers itself a planet in its own right." Düsseldorf, he feels, has been the "quarrel partner" of Cologne "roughly since the big bang", which reminds Melican of the enmity between France on the one hand and the British and Germany on the other. He is always amazed, he says, at the ferocity of their rivalry: "In my mind's eye, I always see Cologne and Düsseldorf as two gangsters meeting at night on the fog-shrouded banks of the Rhine, exchanging Mafioso sayings with glow sticks in the corner of their mouths like, 'This river plain isn't big enough for the both of us' ."
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693:; the position of Protestantism was an "irritant", as it was for the Rev. Joseph Gregor Lang: "A dozen workhouses, which one would soon see erected, if the Protestant tradesmen's hands were not tied by intolerant recalcitrance, would easily cleanse the streets and certainly control the evil born only of idleness and laziness." In addition, he mocked monastery churches that were "grafted with all kinds of statues and pictures" like "Nuremberg stalls". The Protestant historian Philipp Wilhelm Gercken, on the other hand, believed that other travel accounts criticising the lack of cleanliness in Cologne were "exaggerating" and "that I have not found it so bad for a long time."
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of
Cologne see the Düsseldorf carnival as an "unnatural phenomenon" that was "artificially created". The Düsseldorfer loves the "peppered political satire without regard for losses"; the Kölner prefers the "tasteful political joke" that does not hurt too much, according to the analysis of the Düsseldorf float builder Jacques Tilly. Michael Euler-Schmidt and Marcus Leifeld describe the carnival relationship of the two cities as an "invigorating competitive relationship", but for all the competition "there was and is always also a friendly togetherness".
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412:, again. The entire Rhine province protested vehemently against this. When the people of Cologne heard that the Provincial Diet in Düsseldorf had unanimously rejected the change in law, they spontaneously decided to travel to Düsseldorf on boats. The people of Düsseldorf in turn greeted the people of Cologne enthusiastically with the following words: 'Cologne is our true metropolis; Cologne deserves to lead us. We grant it this reputation wholeheartedly and without envy'. Those were the days! I thought when I read that
171:. This right stipulated that goods shipped on the Rhine first had to be "stacked" (reloaded and stored) in Cologne, and that the people of Cologne had a right of first refusal. This stacking right was extended over the centuries, both territorially and in terms of the number of goods. Spatially, the right reached an extension of about 70 to 80 kilometres (43 to 50 mi) down the Rhine and 30 kilometres (19 mi) up the Rhine in the 18th century. Düsseldorf's economy was also affected by this situation.
403:, wieder abzuschaffen. Die gesamte Rheinprovinz protestierte heftig dagegen. Als die Kölner hörten, dass der Provinziallandtag in Düsseldorf die Rechtsänderung einstimmig abgelehnt hatte, beschlossen sie spontan, mit Booten nach Düsseldorf zu fahren. Die Düsseldorfer wiederum begrüßten die Kölner begeistert mit den folgenden Worten: ‚Köln ist unsere wahrhafte Metropole; Köln verdient es, uns voran zu gehen. Wir erkennen ihm diesen Ruf ganz und ohne Neid zu‘. Waren das noch Zeiten! dachte ich, als ich das las.
329:, and the extension of the Hofgarten to the banks of the Rhine were carried out. While spacious streets and gardens were laid out in Düsseldorf, Cologne remained in the "stranglehold" of the fortifications, which were extended even further and permanently hindered urban development. "Cologne rested within itself, and here, due to the narrowness everything was a little more neighbourly . Düsseldorf offered with its avenues, parks, gardens and luxury the outward appearance of a residential and garden city."
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1824, the
Provincial Diet also took up residence in Düsseldorf. All this, according to historian Horst A. Wessel, meant an "unexpected setback" for Cologne: "Köln erhielt keinen Vorrang, nicht einmal eine hervorgehobene Stellung unter den preußischen Städten", (in English: "Cologne received no precedence, not even a prominent position among the Prussian cities.") This feeling of disadvantage was hardly counteracted by the fact that the Prussian state and its ruling dynasty—supported by a broadly felt
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reason for this (unverified) statement is said to have been the people of
Cologne were having problems getting together enough men for the guard of honour to receive him. However, the Düsseldorfers' hopes that the French state would reduce the burden of customs and taxes after this visit were unfulfilled. Moreover, 90 per cent of the Düsseldorf men recruited for Napoleon's army fell in the wars he fought.
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484:(DNVP, 1924-1933), both of whom were known for their great self-confidence. "The fact that they did not always agree and were intent on their and their cities' advantage speaks for their drive." For example, Adenauer lobbied massively for his Düsseldorf colleague Lehr not to be appointed to the planning committee of the provincial committee preparing for the
186:, completed the fortification of a stone wall and had the castle extended as a seat of power. His financial mainstay was the right granted to him by the king to levy the Bergisch Rhine toll, a privilege which he finally successfully enforced against opposition from Cologne. Under Wilhelm's descendants, however, Düsseldorf's development came to a standstill.
198:) was the only imperial city that adhered to the Catholic faith. This intolerance forced Protestant citizens—such as nine wealthy merchant families in 1714—to move across the Rhine into Bergisch territory, which included Düsseldorf, where they established flourishing factories and trading houses. A widely visible symbol of the economic decline was the
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1053:, and some Düsseldorfers put a DEG logo on the roof of the team bus of the Kölner Haien (Cologne Sharks) during the 220th ice hockey game between the Düsseldorf EG and the Cologne Sharks on 19 October 2018. The action went unnoticed by the for several days and their bus unintentionally advertised their rivals.
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Einwohner gegründet – und daraus erwächst auch ein guter Teil ihrer ‚Rivalität‘. Im Übrigen ist man pragmatisch genug, dann zusammenzuarbeiten, wenn es dem gemeinsamen Nutzen dient, hingegen dann den
Spannungsbogen aufzubauen, wenn es die Selbstfindungskräfte stärkt, ohne dem anderen wirklich weh zu tun
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Düsseldorf is more refined and aloof, Cologne more folksy, cosier. What distinguishes the two cities, which are primarily 'Rhenish', are mainly their historically shaped peculiarities and above all history. The identification and self-confidence of their inhabitants is based on this - and a good part
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Cologne is sufficiently signposted in Düsseldorf city centre - it is almost impossible to get lost here. In
Cologne, on the other hand, you have to know that Neuss is near Düsseldorf and follow the signs there. The comment of the Cologne road traffic office on this: 'We cannot rule out that there are
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In 1958, the people of
Cologne mocked in a pamphlet that around 1800, "while Cologne's fame and splendour were already known in every corner of the world", only about 8000 people had lived at the mouth of the Düssel. In the article, the cliché was used that Düsseldorf—in contrast to Roman Cologne—was
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it says:"'The 40 kilometres between the two cities have carved a rift into the
Rhineland that is lovingly cultivated by both Cologne and Düsseldorf residents." There is indeed a border between the two cities—the Benrather Sprachlinie, which runs south of Düsseldorf and distinguishes the dialects
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everything that should have been cheaply old and obsolete" was almost the kindest thing he had to say about
Cologne, but beyond that he called the people of Cologne "treacherous" and "cold toads". His contemporary, Johann Kaspar Riesbeck, a German writer living in Switzerland, wrote to his brother in
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After the Second World War, however, location issues, the questions of locating central transport objects or even institutions became a bone of contention between the two cities. It began with the question of whether the newly founded North Rhine-Westphalia would need one or two airports, and whether
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The actual rivalry between the two cities of Düsseldorf and
Cologne began with industrialisation, as location qualities played an increasingly important role in the settlement of businesses and trades. Cologne compensated for the loss of the right to stack by relying on the modern means of transport,
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Düsseldorf and
Cologne are today two equally weighty cities. In a historical comparison, Düsseldorf has achieved the greater economic performance over the past three centuries. Cologne, on the other hand, has been able to preserve its historically grown cultural character (whereby "cultural" by no
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Die weit verbreitete Ansicht, zwischen den Bewohnern der rheinischen Metropole und denen der Landeshauptstadt Nordrhein-Westfalens bestehe eine Befindlichkeit, die irgendwo zwischen tief empfundener Antipathie und Apartheid angesiedelt sei, ist falsch. Der Irrtum beruht möglicherweise auf mangelndem
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A particularly bitter "enmity" exists between the two ice hockey clubs. Since the late 1970s, the duels between the two arch-rivals have often been matches for the German championship; both teams have won the championship title eight times as of 2016. As one of the mutual jibes, the Düsseldorfer EG
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Christoph Kuckelkorn, are, unlike in the integration of long-standing traditions and a strong anchoring in the population. This results in a more "balancing" and "popular" carnival in Cologne in contrast to Düsseldorf, where the citizens are not involved to the same extent. In this sense, the people
454:, which has its legal seat in Düsseldorf but is administered from Cologne and which, despite its name, has no regular scheduled shipping service between the two cities in its timetable. In Düsseldorf, "the sleepy city of art and gardens", the path to modern economic and transport policy was delayed.
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became commander of the 20th Division in Düsseldorf and settled with his family in Jägerhof Palace. The garrison and court life of the following years were reminiscent of earlier times as a royal seat, and Prince Friedrich and his wife Luise promoted the social and cultural life of the city. In
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wrote to his wife that the festivities in Düsseldorf had been the most glamorous of the Emperor's state trip and described the city as Little Paris. From Düsseldorf, Napoleon travelled on to Cologne, where he is reported to have said: "Go to Düsseldorf and learn there how to receive an emperor." The
194:. Cologne was "largely concerned with defending what had been achieved and managing what existed, rather than focusing on innovation and progress". A debt accumulated in times of war and crisis, and the religious intolerance of the people of Cologne proved to be an obstacle to trade: "Holy Cologne" (
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was confronted with the rivalry between the two cities at a concert in Cologne. When she brought a ten-year-old girl from Düsseldorf on stage for a photograph, boos rang out from the audience. Adele told them to "Shut up". Later she inquired why they did not like Düsseldorf: "Can somebody enlighten
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After 1945, both cities claimed to have been immune to National Socialism as "Rhenish, Catholic and anti-Prussian" cities, but according to recent research this has turned out to be a "modern fairy tale"—both Cologne and Düsseldorf were subject to Nazi terror with purges and exclusion just like any
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rights on 14 August 1288, though not out of "gratitude", as is rumoured. The ruler had recognised the village's strategic location on a flood-free headland with the Rhine forming a natural safeguard on the western border, seeing the city as a bulwark against the still archiepiscopal and at the
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In 2017, a discount chain in Düsseldorf advertised with large posters, "Time to make up. Kölle Alaaf." Düsseldorf's largest daily newspaper found the following commentary fitting: "Hallo!?!! What's up, you creative types? Reconciliation is all well and good, but to put up a big billboard with this
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Cities have to work on their distinctiveness to compete. In this competition there is the experience and fear of shrinking processes. Therefore, targeted attempts are made to retain residents and attract new ones. This can only be achieved by showing the reasons why it is better to live in Cologne
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monastery there and were moved to the point of lamentation at the misery to which sensible people can voluntarily condemn themselves out of imaginary religious service. The next day we had a more pleasant journey. We went via Düsseldorf, a beautiful, charming town. The first thing we visited there
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Düsseldorf ist feiner und abgehobener, Köln volkstümlicher, gemütlicher. Was die beiden Städte, die in erster Linie ‚rheinisch‘ sind, unterscheidet, das sind hauptsächlich ihre historisch geprägten Eigenheiten und vor allem Geschichte. Darauf ist die Identifikation und das Selbstbewusstsein ihrer
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The widespread view that there is a state of mind between the inhabitants of the Rhineland metropolis and those of the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia that lies somewhere between deeply felt antipathy and apartheid is wrong. The error is possibly based on a lack of insight into historical
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In Cologne, where we stayed for a whole day to rest, we wished ourselves back on our ship ten times. I cannot remember having seen such an unpleasant place and I would not like to be Emperor if I had to be crowned there. Imagine a dirty town three times the size of Erfurt and three times as dead;
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has been advertising for years with mottos that repeatedly target Düsseldorf, its Altbier and its inhabitants, such as, "Now also in the most important villages around Cologne", "Not a bit of Alt" or "To relieve the A3 now also in Düsseldorf". An advertising agency from Düsseldorf thought up the
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Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg aber wurden Standortfragen, die Fragen der Ansiedlung zentraler Verkehrsobjekte oder auch von Institutionen zum Zankapfel zwischen beiden Städten. Es begann mit der Frage, ob das neugegründete Nordrhein-Westfalen nun einen oder zwei Flughäfen brauchen würde, und ob der
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Köln ist in der Düsseldorfer Innenstadt hinreichend ausgeschildert – sich hier zu verfahren ist nahezu unmöglich. In Köln muss man dagegen schon wissen, dass Neuss bei Düsseldorf liegt und den Hinweisschildern dorthin folgen. Der Kommentar des Kölner Straßenverkehrsamtes dazu: ‚Wir können nicht
676:, who also visited Cologne, used these words to describe the cathedral city, noting that almost half of the inhabitants, i.e. about 20,000 people, had to be counted as "rabble". And he drew the comparison: "What a sky-wide difference between Cologne and this nice, clean, prosperous Düsseldorf!"
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Ernst Moritz Arndt was particularly harsh in his criticism of the cathedral city. "Cologne is indisputably the oldest city in Germany, and it has always imagined itself not a little on this antiquity, and until the latest times has stubbornly sought to preserve even in customs and institutions
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Düsseldorf had about 200 to 400 inhabitants at the time of the Battle of Worringen in 1288 and the subsequent granting of city rights. In the following centuries, the population increased slowly, albeit steadily. With the onset of industrialisation in the mid-19th century, the number of people
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Düsseldorf und Köln sind heute zwei gleich gewichtige Städte. Im historischen Vergleich hat Düsseldorf in den vergangenen drei Jahrhunderten die größere wirtschaftliche Leistung erbracht. Köln konnte hingegen seine historisch gewachsene kulturelle Eigenart bewahren (wobei sich „kulturell“
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a "parvenu" and "upstart", "provided with all the attributes of the cultureless nouveau riche, which is now also trying to overtake the old cultural metropolis". The reason for this publication is said to have been the envy of the people of Cologne that jet planes were permitted to land at
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But not only "envy" was the reason for carnival parades and events in Düsseldorf, Bonn and Aachen, but also economic interests: Carnival fans did not spend their money on festivities in their hometowns, but travelled "in droves" to Cologne, which prompted these cities to organise their own
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reflection on historical roots and the Middle Ages—financially supported the further construction of Cologne Cathedral. Düsseldorf citizens also collected donations for the cathedral, whose completion because of rediscovered medieval façade outlines was perceived as a national task.
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The Düsseldorf carnival only developed into a serious competitor for the Cologne carnival after the First World War, as the festival represented an increasingly important economic factor and there was a fight for a share of this emerging "carnival industry". In 1937, however, the
249:(1724-1799): "In contrast to Cologne, where every innovation met with strong resistance from the bourgeoisie organised in the Gaffeln and only a few progressive merchants advocated reforms, in Düsseldorf enlightened government politicians promoted liberal economic development."
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finds "quite embarrassing", since Düsseldorf is, after all, the "arch-enemy". Since ca. 2000/01, at the birthplace of Peter Wilhelm Millowitsch, the traditional brewery Uerige in Düsseldorf, there hangs a commemorative plaque created by Ulrich Grenzheuser as a bronze relief.
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other German city. During the war itself, 90 per cent of Cologne's city centre was destroyed, 80 per cent of other parts of the city, whereas Düsseldorf was "only" 40 per cent destroyed and many representative buildings remained. This, and the proximity to the
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from 1690, further enlarged and expanded the city and increased his court, which attracted more nobles to the city. Jan Wellem also developed the city's infrastructure by having streets paved and lit and by promoting the establishment of postal and shipping lines as well as
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The folkloric rivalry between Cologne and Düsseldorf had its first origins in the carnival. For centuries, the people of Cologne and Düsseldorf celebrated carnival independently of each other. But in 1823, the first carnival "ordered" by the citizens was organised by the
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In 1794, the troops of revolutionary France occupied Cologne; they occupied Düsseldorf the following year. While Cologne, like the entire left bank of the Rhine, became part of France, Düsseldorf remained occupied until 1801. In 1806, it became the capital of the new
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The Cologne cabaret artist, Jürgen Becker, commented on the musical rivalry that in the "village on the Düssel" there had been "Tote Hose" (dead pants) for a very long time - which is why the most famous band from Düsseldorf chose this name. At a concert in Cologne,
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A first testimony to the depiction of rivalry in carnival is the design of a parade float from 1914: the artist Heinrich Recker depicted the dispute over the construction of a planned electric rapid transit railway between Cologne and Düsseldorf as a fight between a
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Views of a Journey through the Clevische and a Part of the Holländische via Crefeld, Düsseldorff and Elberfeld, with Some Economic Considerations Taken Thereby, in the Year 1794. Together with a Second Economic Tour of the Rhine Regions from Wesel to Coblenz in June
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About the mutual attacks in the respective Rose Monday parades, Cologne's parade leader Kuckelkorn said: "The parade does not have to live on provocation alone. People in the north of Cologne do that. I don't know the town exactly, but it must be some village."
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ran a self-deprecating advertisement in 2012 suggesting Düsseldorf visitors, "Take a look at the Cologne monkeys." A Düsseldorf forwarding agency, in turn, promises "Removals worldwide ... also to Cologne". An online undertaker advertised on posters at the
206:, on which no further construction had been carried out since the 1530s for lack of money. According to travelogues, the houses in Cologne at this time were in very poor condition, and the proportion of poor people in the population was comparatively high.
178:(1348-1408) recognised the signs of the times and began to expand and enlarge Düsseldorf, so that the city had 1500 to 2000 inhabitants in the 16th century. He had a new building erected for the Lambertus Church, endowed the associated monastery with
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rejoiced in the song "Da schwimmt 'ne Kölner" (There swims a Cologne) about renewed flooding in the cathedral city. Anyone who visited the website of the trio, which disbanded in 2011 and pretended to be from Cologne received the message "Access Denied".
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In the 16th century, Cologne lost its economic supremacy, as the city, surrounded by a ring of fortifications and without a hinterland, clung to old trade structures with which it was less and less able to assert itself against the strengthening
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of their 'rivalry' also arises from this. Incidentally, one is pragmatic enough to cooperate when it serves the common good, on the other hand to build up tension when it strengthens the forces of self-discovery without really hurting the other
217:, developed during these years: "As a city politically, economically, militarily and socially dependent on the prince and concentrated on court and princely administration, Düsseldorf offered a completely different picture than Cologne." Under
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also made use of the theme and in 2010 advertised McWraps in Düsseldorf, for example, with the slogan "Try it before a Cologne does." In Cologne, there were the same posters, except that the "Kölner" had now become a "Düsseldorfer". An
571:, Cologne had around 30,000 inhabitants; however, this number dropped to around half from the 3rd century onwards. In the 12th century, 20,000 people again lived within the city walls. After the transfer of the relics of the
289:. From 1798, the Rhine formed a customs border, so that producers from the right bank of the Rhine were deprived of markets on the left bank, while the entire French area was open to the people of Cologne for duty-free trade. Cologne's
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and refused permission and finally the outbreak of the First World War finally prevented the construction, which continued to be discussed. In 1935, a Cologne float design depicted Düsseldorf sitting on mustard pots under the caption
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In the 13th century, Cologne was the "undisputed metropolis of Germany" with trade relations to many European countries, and with a size "of around 20,000–25,000 inhabitants, it was at the top of all German cities". After the
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settled in Düsseldorf grew more than fourfold, to 63,000. In the same period, and for the same reason, the number of Cologne citizens tripled to 125,000, so that Cologne had twice as many inhabitants as Düsseldorf at that time.
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In 1988, 700 years after the Battle of Worringen, a comparison of the two cities from an urban geography perspective found Cologne had its strengths as a transport hub on water, road and rail, and with regard to the
385:(literal:Must Prussia), Cologne and Düsseldorf citizens thus expressed their jointly felt distance to Prussia. In August 2001, during the event Cologne + Düsseldorf: more than a utopia..., the then Lord Mayor of Cologne,
936:: "Historically, the people of Cologne are always the offended ones." The psychologist Stephan Grünewald diagnosed the decision to designate Düsseldorf as the state capital in 1946 in particular as a "severe
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where in every street there are a few churches and monasteries, where the constant ringing of bells tires the ears and the sight of individual haggard and ragged beggars tires the eye to death. We visited a
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Both cities developed into "industrial cities" in the course of the 19th century, with Düsseldorf establishing itself as the "desk of the Ruhr", while in Cologne the focus was on banking and insurance.
1219:, the only scholarly work to date devoted to the subject of the rivalry between the two major cities, the historian and former head of the Düsseldorf City Archives, Clemens von Looz-Corswarem, concludes:
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However, Napoleon's visit had positive effects on Düsseldorf in terms of urban development. A few days after his visit, the emperor issued the so-called "Beautification Decree", on the basis of which the
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381:(Cologne-Düsseldorf fraternization festival) took place in Düsseldorf. This festival was a political demonstration by Rhenish citizens for the retention of the "Rhenish law" introduced by Napoleon. As
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tube (Düsseldorf). The construction of the railway did not come about, but not because the cities had blocked themselves, but because the minister responsible initially feared for the monopoly of the
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in Düsseldorf they did not wait long to celebrate carnival according to the Cologne model. A little envy of the big neighbour Cologne probably played a role in the effort to revive the carnival days."
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Cologne's Lord Mayor Schramma argued that Cologne and Düsseldorf could only live together in partnership when it came to "higher-level matters"; as an example, he cited the joint bid to host the
238:. The electoral couple built a picture gallery, promoted the settlement of renowned artists and, from 1694, had an opera house built from their own funds——including Anna Maria's dowry of 400,000
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636:, who was "therefore much more moral, healthy and happy" than "the idler in Cologne, where the latter is only a blind animal, the more dangerous the more systematically idleness is practised".
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arrived in the city in 1164, for which a magnificent cathedral was built from 1248, Cologne also developed into an important pilgrimage city. In 1475, Cologne was elevated to the status of a
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in a dialect "that sounds like rotten eggs, almost smells"; he disqualified the language of his hometown, saying that one could already notice "the frog croaking of the Dutch swamps" in it.
1115:(It comes as it comes. The Rhenish Basic Law) how taxi drivers from the other cities are allegedly sent astray by the taxi centres in Düsseldorf and Cologne when they ask for directions.
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pipe network, while Düsseldorf was ahead in air transport and better positioned in the service industry. According to a 2011 ranking of the economic power of major German cities the
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to Cologne, and its growing importance as a pilgrimage city, the number of inhabitants rose again to 40,000. This number remained relatively constant until the 19th century.
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reported that "the Cologne carnival was becoming more and more important for the Rhineland beyond the city, while the Fastnacht in Aachen, Bonn and Düsseldorf was a local event".
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1303:. Heft 3 der Schriftenreihe des Schifffahrt-Museums Düsseldorf. Published by "Verein der Freunde und Förderer des SchifffahrtMuseums im Schlossturm e. V.", Düsseldorf 2013.
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The rivalry between the two largest cities in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia is often characterised in terms like "the two divas on the Rhine" or enemy sisters.
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1627:"Rede des Oberbürgermeisters Fritz Schramma anlässlich der Diskussionsveranstaltung "Köln + Düsseldorf: mehr als eine Utopie..." am Dienstag, den 28. August 2001, 18.30 Uhr"
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While the centre of Düsseldorf is on the right bank of the Rhine, the centre of Cologne is on the left bank; in Cologne, the right bank of the Rhine is known as Schäl Sick (
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employee surmised: "The rivalry between Düsseldorf and Gladbach is already great. But if we still carried Cologne jerseys, they would probably quickly have holes in them".
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with an estimated 200 to 400 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the two unequal towns did not fight against each other in this battle, as is often depicted, but side by side.
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Düsseldorf Airport was preferable to Cologne Airport. It was about the question of the state capital, and it was about the settlement of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland
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let a train conductor have his say on advertising posters in 2013: "If I, as a Cologne resident, travel to Düsseldorf every day, I do it just for you!" According to the
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Düsseldorfer Flughafen dem Kölner Flughafen vorzuziehen sei. Es ging um die Frage der Landeshauptstadt, und es ging um die Ansiedlung des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland.
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1013:"Ich bin froh, dass ich kein Dicker bin" (I'm glad I'm not a fatty) but with the lyrics "Ich bin froh, dass ich kein Kölner bin" (I'm glad I'm not a Colognian), which
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Section of an atlas for the 13th century: While Cologne is marked, only Kaiserswerth, which today belongs to the city, is found on the map in the Düsseldorf area.
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Einblick ins historische Geschehen, falscher Interpretation von Büttenreden, Propaganda linksrheinischer Separatisten oder völliger Unkenntnis des rheinischen Humors.
35:, Germany, 40 kilometres (25 mi) apart on the Rhine, is now mostly on a sporting and cultural level, but based on historical and economic factors. Cologne was a
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1942:. Bergische Forschungen. Sources and research on Bergisch history, art and literature. Volume XV. Ed. by Wolfgang Köllmann and Jürgen Reulecke. 1978. p. 88.
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and pointed out how to recognise "the genuine unadulterated Düsseldorfer Mostard". Incidentally, his Düsseldorf mustard factory was later located in the house "
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Peter Jansen's monumental painting Battle of Worringen, commissioned in 1889, hangs on the north wall of the Jan Wellem Hall in Düsseldorf's Historic City Hall.
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This episode illustrates the rivalry between the two cities and that it often emanates from the Cologne side. One possible reason for this was provided by the
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ausschließen, daß es noch Restschilder aus den dreißiger Jahren gibt.‘ Laut Oberbürgermeister Schramma hat die Schilder übrigens auch noch niemand vermisst..
1077:(Everything you need to know about Düsseldorf); it had blank pages. In Cologne, one can buy a "Kölsch" key for a computer keyboard in Cologne to replace the
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In Cologne folklore it is also said that people from Düsseldorf needed a visa to visit the cathedral city, and anecdotes exist about the return journey:
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1789:
465:, both cities experienced considerable population growth. On the one hand, this was due to the enormous immigration of people from rural areas—like the
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The carnival rituals in Düsseldorf and Köln differ: in Cologne, for example, three men, one of whom represents a woman as a "virgin" presides over the
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Cologne has been in the seven-digit range several times with fluctuating numbers and currently sees itself as a "city of millions" again (as of 2015).
2777:
174:
In general, however, the future belonged to the cities on the Rhine, as the transport of goods on the river increased in the 14th century. Duke
820:
Beyond initially obvious differences, however, carnival is also different in character: defining elements in Cologne, according to the head of the
3112:
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1883:
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Horst A. Wessel (a native of Bonn who worked first in Cologne and then in Düsseldorf) in turn sums up the differences and their consequences:
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2256:
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2005:
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city with over 20,000 inhabitants and, as an original Roman foundation, more than 1200 years old, Düsseldorf was a smaller settlement in the
3237:
1916:
1189:, "Every hour a Düsseldorfer dies", although it remains open whether the message is directed at Cologne residents or Düsseldorf residents.
1353:
1322:
2577:
1081:. Students at the Fachhochschule Köln created a website entitled "Cologne loves Düsseldorf and Düsseldorf loves Cologne". Their summary:
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sings "Über Köln lacht die Sonne, über Düsseldorf die Welt" (The sun smiles over Cologne, the world over Düsseldorf) and prophesies that
2444:
2379:
1567:
1186:
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Ulrich S. Soénius: "Mobilität in der Großstadt. Verkehr in Köln im Jahr 1914." In: Petra Hesse, Mario Kramp, Ulrich S. Soénius (eds.):
2363:
1384:
2153:
1414:
2430:
2409:
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1980:
527:
268:". Eau de Cologne, on the other hand, was also produced in Düsseldorf without protest, by the Düsseldorf line of the Farina family.
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The Royal Prussian Kriegs-, Domänen- und Forstrat Christian Friederich Meyer travelled through the Rhineland in 1793 and wrote his
2695:
2509:
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1626:
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at the end of December 2015 before a local game describing them as: "Not all teeth left, so often not really biting." The singer,
161:(Cologne a crown - Above all cities beautiful). One of the main reasons for the city's strong economic position was the so-called
1815:
357:
218:
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of the city fortifications, begun in 1801, received new impetus. Its transformation into elegant promenades, including today's
2552:
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events, misinterpretation of carnival speeches, propaganda of left-Rhine separatists or complete ignorance of Rhenish humour.
2864:
2327:
Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld: "Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The development of an ambivalent carnival friendship". In: Fimpeler,
2311:
Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld: "Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship". In: Fimpeler,
2268:
Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld: "Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship". In: Fimpeler,
2138:
Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld: "Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship". In: Fimpeler,
2125:
Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld: "Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship". In: Fimpeler,
246:
2995:
2747:
245:
After Jan Wellem's death in 1716, there was a brief economic slump in Düsseldorf, however, the city recovered from it under
222:
123:
Both places benefited from the outcome of the battle: after the defeat of the archbishop, Cologne no longer belonged to his
1848:
1010:
93:
598:
1162:
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the railway, and developing into a central transport hub. In 1825, Cologne merchant Peter Heinrich Merkens founded the
108:
fought on the side of the Brabant duke. There may also have been some inhabitants of the village in the estuary of the
3306:
3301:
3286:
2718:"Eklat in Lanxess-Arena: Superstar Adele wonders in Cologne: "Shut up! What have you got against Düsseldorf, please?""
3145:
2286:
1743:
1057:
514:, persuaded the British cabinet in 1946 to designate Düsseldorf as the capital of the newly created federal state of
353:
300:
From 2 November 1811, Emperor Napoleon stayed in Düsseldorf for three days. He was given a festive welcome with
1203:
running to the Düsseldorf Airport Terminal Station is said to have been met with astonishment in the state capital.
485:
2664:
293:(right to stack goods) remained in place to secure the income from it for the now French city. However, the strict
2929:
1955:. Reprint Verlag Die andere Bibliothek, 2016. Secondary source Rheinische Post of 3 January 2016, Bertram Müller:
1539:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich". In: Fimpeler,
1526:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich". In: Fimpeler,
1500:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich". In: Fimpeler,
1487:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich." In: Fimpeler,
1474:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich". In: Fimpeler,
1461:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich." In: Fimpeler,
1448:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln – Düsseldorf. Zwei rheinische Städte im historischen Vergleich". In: Fimpeler,
127:, and the archbishop himself could only enter the city for religious acts. Duke Adolf of Berg granted Düsseldorf
3183:
2639:
2108:. 11,5 with supplement. Ed. by the Society for Rhenish Historical Studies. Cited after: Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld:
1953:
Ansichten vom Niederrhein, von Brabant, Flandern, Holland, England und Frankreich im April, Mai und Junius 1790
1166:
slogans. A counter-campaign followed: "Früh übt sich, was ein Alt will werden. (Early practice makes perfect)"
748:
2533:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish Cities in Historical Comparison". In: Fimpeler,
1775:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish Cities in Historical Comparison". In: Fimpeler,
1705:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish Cities in Historical Comparison". In: Fimpeler,
1689:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish Cities in Historical Comparison". In: Fimpeler,
1676:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish Cities in Historical Comparison". In: Fimpeler,
1513:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish cities in historical comparison." In: Fimpeler,
1435:
Clemens von Looz-Corswarem: "Köln - Düsseldorf. Two Rhenish cities in historical comparison." In: Fimpeler,
767:
451:
360:, which enriched the city's cultural life, giving it the status of an international centre of art. In 1820,
101:
1226:
keineswegs nur auf die Hochkultur bezieht), was zur Entstehung einer besonderen Lebensqualität geführt hat.
2157:
1143:
still residual signs from the 1930s'. According to Lord Mayor Schramma, no one has missed the signs yet.
1029:, lamenting the origin of the holiday acquaintance from the city "where the beer tastes as it is called".
515:
429:
44:
1207:
unfortunate word on Düsseldorf's main roads is a slap in the face for Düsseldorf's tolerant revellers."
1060:
were certainly on offer in shops and department stores in Düsseldorf, in autumn 2017 an editor from the
620:
313:
168:
3122:
3052:
1934:
Cited after: "Christian Friederich Meyer's 'Views' of the Bergisches Land from 1793". In: Gerhard Huck/
986:
981:" and is light, that in Düsseldorf, "Altbier" (Alt), is dark. Other "antipoles" are the football clubs
922:
632:
In it Meyer reported on the "crowds of ragged beggars" in Cologne and praised the "industrious" in the
230:
1875:
2965:
926:
602:
534:
1111:
The cabaret artist Konrad Beikircher reports in the chapter "War in the Neander Valley" of his book
472:
In the 1920s, the competition between the two cities was characterised by the rivalry between their
763:
278:
85:
2029:
Travels through Swabia, Bavaria, bordering Switzerland, Franconia, and the Rhenish Provinces etc.
1232:
means refers only to high culture), which has led to the emergence of a special quality of life.
1123:
Residents of both cities refer to the other as the "Forbidden City"; in Cologne it is considered
1014:
873:
495:
337:
333:
150:
1935:
1913:
994:
1158:
The mutual prejudices between the people of Cologne and Düsseldorf also appear in advertising.
597:
popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, the two Rhenish metropolises were often in focus.
582:
Incorporations and economic growth brought both major cities to six-figure population figures.
104:. Among others, Count Adolf von Berg, the citizens of Cologne and an army of peasants from the
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2816:
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2405:
2359:
2252:
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2199:
2190:
2067:
2045:
2036:
2010:
2001:
1976:
1290:
1276:
908:
904:
869:
853:
717:
701:
616:
594:
203:
2907:
1050:
1022:
978:
958:
865:
301:
199:
191:
153:. In 1499, Johann Koelhoff the Younger formulated the city's self-image at that time in his
39:, and later a Free Imperial City, while Düsseldorf, a small medieval settlement, is now the
2674:
2505:
2423:
Lexikon der Städtebeschimpfungen - Boshafte Berichte und Schmähungen von Aachen bis Zürich
2402:
Lexikon der Städtebeschimpfungen - Boshafte Berichte und Schmähungen von Aachen bis Zürich
2064:
Lexikon der Städtebeschimpfungen - Boshafte Berichte und Schmähungen von Aachen bis Zürich
1973:
Lexikon der Städtebeschimpfungen - Boshafte Berichte und Schmähungen von Aachen bis Zürich
1920:
1062:
998:
962:
954:
822:
633:
490:
477:
462:
305:
226:
105:
60:
2687:
1037:
1033:
990:
880:
704:
wrote: "The cheerful Düsseldorf is doubly pleasing if one comes from the gloomy Cöln."
572:
555:
417:
386:
341:
326:
36:
1041:
me?" She was told, "that's just the way it is". She recommended they, "Get over it!".
3280:
1169:
982:
793:(scapegoat for peoples' problems) is burnt in Cologne, while in Düsseldorf it is the
673:
523:
286:
261:
210:
146:
124:
117:
28:
2085:
Gleiche Brüder, gleiche Kappen? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship
1940:... und reges Leben ist überall sichtbar! Travels in the Bergisches Land around 1800
297:
order, which had shaped Cologne's economy and society for centuries, was abolished.
3039:
2912:
2625:
2548:
2235:
2204:
2050:
2015:
781:. In Düsseldorf there is a prince with a female "Venetia". Here the fool's call is
568:
499:
312:, Jägerhof Palace had been prepared as the imperial residence. Napoleon's minister
239:
167:(right to stack), which was granted to the people of Cologne in 1259 by Archbishop
163:
40:
3034:
2620:
2380:"Dialects in the Rhineland - Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History"
689:
Quite a few travel writers attributed Cologne's backwardness to the dominance of
1905:
1181:
697:
690:
611:
481:
366:
356:
was re-founded. An important artistic movement of the 19th century was the
309:
730:
in Cologne. This model was followed in Düsseldorf, as in other Rhenish cities:
256:(hot mustard), Johann Cornelius Bergrath, contradicted an advertisement in the
2110:
Same brothers, same caps? The Development of an Ambivalent Carnival Friendship
1018:
937:
684:: "Cologne, brother, is in every respect the most detestable city in Germany."
473:
469:
or the Bergisches Land—but also to the incorporation of surrounding villages.
409:
400:
374:
322:
183:
2820:
1177:
blog awarded points for various features of both cities; Düsseldorf won 5:4.
2154:"Cologne and Düsseldorf: A cultivated Rhenish rivalry - Kölnische Rundschau"
669:
537:. As soon as it came to direct competition, however, "controversies" arose:
511:
209:
Düsseldorf, on the other hand, from 1614 after interruptions once again the
154:
68:
32:
844:
of the two cities based on sound shifts: For example, the High German word
229:
family, Düsseldorf had a golden age, as the prince, residing as Elector in
109:
16:
Competitive relationship between two major cities in the Rhineland, Germany
1192:
390:
282:
113:
1301:
Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser. Wettbewerb der rheinischen Nachbarn
112:, but this is not considered certain. While Cologne was already a large
3176:"Skurriles Werbeplakat: Bestatter wirbt in Köln mit Düsseldorfer Toten"
3117:
2925:
1174:
1078:
1067:
809:
345:
235:
84:
The root of the enmity between the two cities is commonly cited as the
24:
943:" (offense) of the people of Cologne who were so proud of their past.
3207:"Bahn frei für Willi!: Kölner DB-Mitarbeiter ist plötzlich Werbestar"
389:, reminded the audience of this, he recalled the celebration with an
89:
605:, wrote to the Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg on 6 June 1772:
2472:"familie-kommt-aus-duesseldorf-willy-millowitschs-unbekannte-tante"
1354:"Worringen 1288: Die Schlacht, die Köln und Düsseldorf verfeindete"
1323:"Worringen 1288: Die Schlacht, die Köln und Düsseldorf verfeindete"
1876:"Census: Cologne remains city of millions - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger"
1124:
953:
716:
681:
619:
occupy an entire room and most of the paintings by the inimitable
466:
436:
428:
294:
260:
that real "true Düsseldorfer Mostert " can be bought in Cologne's
179:
133:
75:
67:
59:
1996:. Vol. 2. 1789, pp. 70, 85. Quoted from: Christoph Nebgen:
1046:
759:
349:
128:
3113:"Explore Das Reise, Kultur & Lifestyle-Magazin von Expedia"
2808:
2778:"Eishockey: Rhineland rivalry: DEG auctions off Cologne sharks"
2031:
Stendal 1788. vol. 3, p. 255. Cited in: Christoph Nebgen:
450:(Prussian-Rhenish Steamship Company), a forerunner of today's
399:
die Preußen versuchten, das französische Zivilgesetzbuch, den
2844:
Hendrik Gaasterland: "Gladbach-Trikot im Fortuna-Land". In:
1849:"Düsseldorf expects 600,000 inhabitants by the end of 2015"
860:
in Düsseldorfer Platt, which is why it is also called the "
88:
on 5 June 1288, which, however, is to be regarded as "
2677:. Suhrkamp Verlag, 21 January 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
408:
the Prussians tried to abolish the French civil code, the
2889:
2887:
2809:"Eishockey in Düsseldorf: Campino veräpp die Kölner Haie"
1056:
While fan articles from neighbouring rival football club
672:
in 1792/1793 found Cologne "gloomy and sad". The writer,
344:. The seat of the state provincial administration became
2748:"Die besondere Rivalität zwischen der DEG und den Haien"
1017:
of the Cologne group BAP found courageous. The Cologne
2356:
Streit am Rhein. The book about Cologne and Düsseldorf
2102:
Der organisierte Karneval seit der Reform in Köln 1823
1066:
searched in vain for articles from 1. FC Köln. A
1073:
In 2005, the Cologne Emons Verlag published the book
340:
in 1815, and from 1822 belonged to the newly created
2954:
Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2001, pp. 186–187.
506:(CDU) and became a minister under Adenauer in 1950.
1721:"Millennium Exhibitions in Cologne and Aachen 1925"
2287:"Karneval: Köln oder Düsseldorf - wer ist jecker?"
448:Preußisch-Rheinische Dampfschifffahrtsgesellschaft
1771:
1769:
530:ranked Düsseldorf sixth, while Cologne was 34th.
3270:, Düsseldorf 16 November 2017, p. Düsseldorf D1.
2445:"Peter Millowitsch über die Stadt, die er liebt"
1568:"Vor 200 Jahren ritt Napoleon in Düsseldorf ein"
1045:(DEG) auctioned two plastic sharks auctioned on
970:than in Düsseldorf, for example, or vice versa.
804:is also cultivated musically: The Cologne group
3266:"tb": "Frieden ja, aber nicht mit Alaaf!". In:
3146:"Advertising for the Cologne Zoo in Düsseldorf"
2952:Et kütt wie't kütt. Das rheinische Grundgesetz.
2926:"Köln liebt Düsseldorf - Düsseldorf liebt Köln"
2382:. rheinische-landeskunde.lvr.de. 29 August 2014
1244:
1221:
1132:
1083:
539:
395:
1113:Et kütt wie't kütt. Das rheinische Grundgesetz
2860:"Ungleiche Schwestern mit Sinn für Rivalität"
1701:
1699:
1595:
1593:
864:line". The Düsseldorfer Platt belongs to the
615:was the magnificent Bildergalerie, where the
8:
2549:"Kölsch schlägt Alt - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger"
1385:"So war die Schlacht von Worringen wirklich"
1246:
1223:
1134:
1085:
977:) (seaside). The beer in Cologne is called "
907:was born in Düsseldorf, a fact that his son
797:(a doll burned at the end of the carnival).
541:
498:, both men lost their office in 1933. After
397:
159:Cöllen eÿn Kroÿn - Boven allen steden schoÿn
883:was critical of both dialects: in Cologne,
433:Crane houses in the Rheinauhafen in Cologne
3080:
3078:
2280:
2278:
441:Gehry buildings at Zollhafen in Düsseldorf
332:After the reorganisation of Europe at the
182:to make the city attractive as a place of
2342:Köln v. Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf v. Cologne
2323:
2321:
1930:
1928:
1273:Düsseldorf Köln. Eine gepflegte Rivalität
1075:Alles was man über Düsseldorf wissen muss
502:, Lehr was one of the co-founders of the
136:situated on the other side of the river.
2421:Cited after: Walter Krämer, Eva Krämer:
2062:Cited after: Walter Krämer, Eva Krämer:
1967:
1965:
1287:Düsseldorf vs. Köln. Köln vs. Düsseldorf
2572:
2570:
2425:, Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
2404:, Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
2400:Cited from: Walter Krämer, Eva Krämer:
2358:. Lund Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 4.
2218:Verkehrsformen und Schreibverhältnisse.
2066:, Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
1975:. Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
1313:
638:
3087:"Lieblingsfeindschaft-als-werbefaktor"
2858:Rossmann, Andreas (16 February 2012).
2807:Bernd Schwickerath (23 October 2018),
812:would make people ill. The Düsseldorf
480:(Centre, 1917-1933) and in Düsseldorf
3248:from the original on 27 December 2014
3236:Schleucher, René (17 November 2009).
3063:from the original on 23 December 2015
3002:from the original on 23 December 2015
2872:from the original on 22 November 2015
2848:v. 13 October 2017, p. Düsseldorf D3.
2588:from the original on 22 December 2015
2499:"Jubiläumsschrift "150 Jahre Uerige""
2451:from the original on 23 December 2015
2443:Diels, Christina (18 December 2015).
1971:Cited in: Walter Krämer, Eva Krämer:
1828:from the original on 23 December 2015
1566:Gutzmer, Annabell (2 November 2011).
1391:from the original on 15 December 2018
789:. At the end of the festivities, the
668:A French émigré who stayed mainly in
504:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
7:
3093:from the original on 8 November 2019
2998:. Kölnische Rundschau. 13 May 2011.
2033:Konfessionelle Differenzerfahrungen.
1998:Konfessionelle Differenzerfahrungen.
1364:from the original on 30 January 2021
1333:from the original on 30 January 2021
1127:to pronounce the word "Düsseldorf".
563:Population figures (1140 to present)
252:In 1786, the Düsseldorf producer of
1957:Circumnavigators on the Lower Rhine
1665:Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser
1652:Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser
1614:Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser
1601:Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser
1578:from the original on 14 August 2019
1554:Kölner Senf und Düsseldorfer Wasser
379:Köln-Düsseldorfer Verbrüderungsfest
3238:"Koelner-S-Bahn-nervt-Duesseldorf"
3217:from the original on 24 April 2021
3186:from the original on 24 April 2021
3156:from the original on 12 March 2016
3053:"Düsseldorf Archive - Früh Kölsch"
2827:from the original on 24 April 2021
2788:from the original on 11 March 2016
2758:from the original on 11 March 2016
2698:from the original on 12 March 2016
2646:from the original on 12 March 2016
2578:"Rivalen am Rhein - WDR Fernsehen"
2555:from the original on 11 March 2016
2547:Beatrice Faust (11 October 2007).
2478:from the original on 12 March 2016
2293:from the original on 26 March 2016
2285:Michael Greuel (4 February 2015).
2164:from the original on 14 March 2016
1886:from the original on 25 March 2016
1855:from the original on 25 March 2016
1847:Michael Mücke (30 November 2012).
1796:from the original on 29 March 2016
1754:from the original on 12 March 2016
1413:. 22 December 2015. Archived from
1289:. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2010,
640:The two cities in the 17th century
336:, both cities were annexed to the
140:Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
14:
2976:from the original on 31 July 2018
2932:from the original on 4 March 2016
2106:Historical Atlas of the Rhineland
1383:Tilly, Jacques (14 August 2013).
221:(called Jan Wellem) and his wife
3205:Pergher, Oliver (28 June 2013).
3144:Sekulla, Markus (26 July 2012).
2728:from the original on 15 May 2016
2354:Jutta Gay/Stephan Meyer (2006).
2152:Stefan Volberg (14 March 2016).
1199:, vehicles with the inscription
1187:Köln Messe/Deutz railway station
656:
644:
3085:Judith Conrady (9 April 2010).
2996:"Cologne: "The forbidden city""
2964:Martina Stöcker (11 May 2011).
2638:Sylvia Binner (15 March 2004).
2470:Marc Herriger (25 April 2010).
528:Institute of the German Economy
92:". At this battle, part of the
2966:"Cologne - the Forbidden City"
2249:Köln 1914: Metropole im Westen
1790:"gross-ist-nicht-gleich-stark"
1723:. Portal Rheinische Geschichte
1352:Stark, Florian (1 June 2013).
1321:Stark, Florian (1 June 2013).
486:Rhenish Millennium Celebration
1:
3024:C. Bertelsmann Verlag, 2015,
2251:. J.P. Bachem, Cologne 1914,
721:Unsaleable goods: Kölle Helau
358:Düsseldorf School of Painting
348:, and the university came to
94:War of the Limburg Succession
3182:(in German). 8 August 2017.
3022:Wer wir waren, wer wir sind.
2928:. koelnliebtduesseldorf.de.
2642:. general-anzeiger-bonn.de.
2497:Achenbach, Dorothee (2012).
1874:Oliver Görtz (31 May 2015).
1748:Portal Rheinische Geschichte
1275:. Greven Verlag, Köln 2012,
768:Preußische Staatseisenbahnen
603:Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
102:John I, Duke of Brabant
96:, Siegfried von Westerburg,
1910:Der Düsseldorfer Museumsbau
899:In 1880, the father of the
785:, whereas in Cologne it is
773:Einmal eine große Dame sein
362:Prince Frederick of Prussia
64:Cologne in the 16th century
3323:
3035:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2908:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2621:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2610:Hoffmann und Campe, 2012,
2231:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2200:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2046:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
2011:Cologne–Düsseldorf rivalry
1271:Annette Fimpeler (Hrsg.):
1237:Clemens von Looz-Corswarem
1011:Marius Müller-Westernhagen
494:(seizure of power) by the
354:Düsseldorf Academy of Arts
98:then Archbishop of Cologne
31:, two major cities in the
2673:25 September 2018 at the
2100:Hildegard Frieß-Reimann:
2035:Oldenbourg, Munich 2014,
2027:Philipp Wilhelm Gercken:
2000:Oldenbourg, Munich 2014,
965:: "I'm not from Cologne".
599:Moritz August von Thümmel
373:In 1843, the time of the
132:time considerably larger
2447:. aachener-zeitung. de.
1058:Borussia Mönchengladbach
1025:countered with the song
2220:Springer-Verlag, 2013,
2184:Forschen und Gestalten.
2083:Euler-Schmidt/Leifeld:
1816:"koeln-und-duesseldorf"
1148:Jutta Gay/Stephan Meyer
989:, the ice hockey clubs
762:bottle (Cologne) and a
1919:5 October 2018 at the
1263:
1247:
1240:
1224:
1151:
1135:
1102:
1086:
966:
879:The Düsseldorf writer
722:
625:
560:
542:
516:North Rhine-Westphalia
442:
434:
422:
398:
219:Johann Wilhelm II
81:
73:
65:
45:North Rhine-Westphalia
3297:History of Düsseldorf
3292:Culture in Düsseldorf
2667:Soziologie der Städte
961:, singer of the band
957:
950:Nurturing the rivalry
934:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
749:Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
720:
607:
476:—in Cologne this was
461:From the time before
440:
432:
425:19th and 20th century
314:Pierre-Louis Roederer
304:and a replica of the
258:Kölnischer Stadtboten
169:Konrad von Hochstaden
79:
71:
63:
3150:krawattentraeger. de
2784:. 29 December 2015.
2754:. 9 September 2008.
1992:Joseph Gregor Lang:
1217:Düsseldorf - Cologne
927:Cologne/Bonn Airport
814:Düssel-Disharmoniker
728:Festordnenden Comité
535:2012 Summer Olympics
272:Napoleon and Prussia
23:The rivalry between
2950:Konrad Beikircher:
2158:Kölnische Rundschau
1994:Reise auf dem Rhein
1912:. Düsseldorf 1876,
1417:on 22 December 2015
1161:The Kölsch brewery
1009:played the song by
700:period, the writer
496:National Socialists
279:Grand Duchy of Berg
247:Prince Karl Theodor
86:Battle of Worringen
56:Battle of Worringen
3307:Regional rivalries
3302:History of Cologne
3287:Culture in Cologne
3242:Solinger Tageblatt
2752:sportal.spiegel.de
2640:"Kein R(h)einfall"
1821:. 28 August 2001.
1197:Solinger Tageblatt
1015:Wolfgang Niedecken
987:Fortuna Düsseldorf
967:
923:Düsseldorf Airport
895:Millowitsch family
723:
601:, minister to the
593:Especially in the
443:
435:
338:Kingdom of Prussia
334:Congress of Vienna
202:on the unfinished
151:Free Imperial City
147:relics of the Magi
82:
74:
66:
3125:on 18 August 2013
3089:. rp-online. de.
3030:978-3-641-15913-9
2903:978-3-120-10029-4
2616:978-3-455-85031-4
2257:978-3-7616-2867-6
2226:978-3-322-95656-9
2195:978-3-663-02447-7
2041:978-3-110-39576-1
2006:978-3-110-39576-1
1914:p. 5 digital
1792:. 1 August 2013.
1299:Horst A. Wessel:
1295:978-3-7700-1391-3
1281:978-3-7743-0488-8
1215:In the 2012 book
1032:In May 2016, the
925:but not (yet) at
905:Willy Millowitsch
702:Karl Julius Weber
500:World War II
488:. Because of the
452:Köln-Düsseldorfer
231:Düsseldorf Palace
225:from the Italian
204:Cologne Cathedral
192:territorial lords
3314:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3121:. Archived from
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3049:
3043:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2895:Lost in Germany.
2891:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2635:
2629:
2606:Gisbert Baltes:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2515:on 18 April 2016
2514:
2508:. Archived from
2503:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2440:
2434:
2419:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2282:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2214:
2208:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2123:
2117:
2112:. In: Fimpeler,
2098:
2092:
2087:. In: Fimpeler,
2081:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2025:
2019:
1990:
1984:
1969:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1932:
1923:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1851:. derwesten.de.
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1632:. 28 August 2001
1631:
1623:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1537:
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1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1387:. rp-online.en.
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1318:
1261:
1251:
1238:
1228:
1149:
1139:
1119:"Forbidden City"
1100:
1090:
866:Lower Franconian
660:
648:
573:Holy Three Kings
558:
546:
420:
405:
377:, the so-called
302:military honours
285:brother-in-law,
213:of the Dukes of
211:residential city
196:et hillije Kölle
43:of the state of
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3268:Rheinische Post
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
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3159:
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3143:
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3138:
3128:
3126:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3020:Michael Jürgs:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2893:Brian Melican:
2892:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2846:Rheinische Post
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2724:. 15 May 2016.
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2675:Wayback Machine
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2584:. 29 May 2015.
2576:
2575:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2535:Düsseldorf Köln
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:Rheinische Post
2501:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2474:. express. de.
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2420:
2416:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2339:
2335:
2329:Düsseldorf Köln
2326:
2319:
2313:Düsseldorf Köln
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2270:Düsseldorf Köln
2267:
2263:
2246:
2242:
2228:, p. 115 (
2215:
2211:
2197:, p. 330 (
2187:Springer-Verlag
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2140:Düsseldorf Köln
2137:
2133:
2127:Düsseldorf Köln
2124:
2120:
2114:Düsseldorf Köln
2099:
2095:
2089:Düsseldorf Köln
2082:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2026:
2022:
1991:
1987:
1970:
1963:
1951:Georg Forster:
1950:
1946:
1936:Jürgen Reulecke
1933:
1926:
1921:Wayback Machine
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1779:, p. 44 f.
1777:Düsseldorf Köln
1774:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1719:Rüdiger Haude.
1718:
1717:
1713:
1707:Düsseldorf Köln
1704:
1697:
1691:Düsseldorf Köln
1688:
1684:
1678:Düsseldorf Köln
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1654:, p. 29 f.
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1547:
1541:Düsseldorf Köln
1538:
1534:
1528:Düsseldorf Köln
1525:
1521:
1515:Düsseldorf Köln
1512:
1508:
1504:, P. 23 f.
1502:Düsseldorf Köln
1499:
1495:
1489:Düsseldorf Köln
1486:
1482:
1476:Düsseldorf Köln
1473:
1469:
1463:Düsseldorf Köln
1460:
1456:
1450:Düsseldorf Köln
1447:
1443:
1437:Düsseldorf Köln
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1268:
1262:
1260:Horst A. Wessel
1259:
1239:
1236:
1213:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1121:
1106:Lost in Germany
1101:
1098:
1063:Rheinische Post
1007:Die Toten Hosen
999:Die Toten Hosen
995:Düsseldorfer EG
983:1. FC Köln
963:Die Toten Hosen
952:
918:
897:
872:in turn to the
841:Streit am Rhein
837:
823:Rosenmontagszug
715:
710:
696:As late as the
664:
661:
652:
649:
591:
565:
559:
554:
491:Machtergreifung
478:Konrad Adenauer
463:First World War
427:
421:
416:
352:. In 1819, the
306:Arc de Triomphe
274:
200:cathedral crane
176:Wilhelm of Berg
142:
58:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3259:
3228:
3197:
3167:
3136:
3104:
3074:
3044:
3013:
2987:
2956:
2943:
2917:
2905:, p. 44 (
2883:
2850:
2837:
2799:
2769:
2739:
2709:
2692:wiseguys.co.uk
2679:
2657:
2630:
2599:
2566:
2539:
2526:
2489:
2462:
2435:
2414:
2412:, p. 148.
2393:
2371:
2365:978-3938486030
2364:
2346:
2333:
2331:, p. 209.
2317:
2315:, p. 208.
2304:
2274:
2272:, p. 200.
2261:
2240:
2209:
2175:
2144:
2131:
2129:, p. 201.
2118:
2116:, p. 194.
2093:
2091:, p. 191.
2076:
2055:
2020:
1985:
1983:, p. 149.
1961:
1944:
1924:
1897:
1866:
1839:
1807:
1781:
1765:
1734:
1711:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1618:
1605:
1589:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1519:
1517:, p. 21f.
1506:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1402:
1375:
1344:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1283:
1267:
1264:
1257:
1234:
1212:
1209:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1120:
1117:
1096:
997:and the bands
951:
948:
917:
914:
896:
893:
881:Heinrich Heine
836:
835:Benrather Line
833:
714:
711:
709:
706:
666:
665:
662:
655:
653:
650:
643:
641:
590:
587:
564:
561:
556:Fritz Schramma
552:
426:
423:
418:Fritz Schramma
414:
387:Fritz Schramma
342:Rhine Province
273:
270:
141:
138:
118:County of Berg
57:
54:
52:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3216:
3213:(in German).
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3140:
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3120:
3119:
3114:
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3105:
3092:
3088:
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3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2975:
2971:
2970:rp-online. de
2967:
2960:
2957:
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2871:
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2866:
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2854:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:Martina Löw:
2661:
2658:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2537:, p. 46.
2536:
2530:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2504:(in German).
2500:
2493:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2433:, p. 80.
2432:
2431:3-8218-1689-9
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:3-8218-1689-9
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2259:, p. 85.
2258:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:, p. 115, at
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:Jörg Döring:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:, p. 330, at
2202:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:3-8218-1689-9
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:, p. 218, at
2048:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:, p. 220, at
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:3-8218-1689-9
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:"Robert Lehr"
1742:Lothar Weiß.
1738:
1735:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1709:, p. 41.
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1693:, p. 38.
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:, p. 40.
1679:
1673:
1670:
1667:, p. 34.
1666:
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1657:
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1647:
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1628:
1622:
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1606:
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1574:(in German).
1573:
1569:
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1559:
1556:, P. 13.
1555:
1549:
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1530:, P. 28.
1529:
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3267:
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3241:
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3210:
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3179:
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3149:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:the original
3116:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3065:. Retrieved
3056:
3047:
3040:Google Books
3033:
3021:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2969:
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2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2920:
2913:Google Books
2911:, p. 44, at
2906:
2897:PONS, 2010,
2894:
2874:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2829:, retrieved
2812:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2782:Focus Online
2781:
2772:
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2722:Focus Online
2721:
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2700:. Retrieved
2691:
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2648:. Retrieved
2633:
2626:Google Books
2619:
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2602:
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2581:
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2551:. ksta. de.
2542:
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2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2438:
2422:
2417:
2401:
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2384:. Retrieved
2374:
2355:
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2344:P. 156.
2341:
2336:
2328:
2312:
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2269:
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2243:
2236:Google Books
2229:
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2212:
2205:Google Books
2198:
2183:
2182:Leo Brandt:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
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2051:Google Books
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2028:
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2016:Google Books
2009:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1879:
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1634:. Retrieved
1621:
1616:, P. 50
1613:
1608:
1603:, P. 28
1600:
1580:. Retrieved
1571:
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1543:, P. 29
1540:
1535:
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1491:, P. 22
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1478:, P. 18
1475:
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1462:
1457:
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1436:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1411:"Düsseldorf"
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
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1285:Jens Prüss:
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1179:
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1104:In his book
1103:
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1003:
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862:maken-machen
861:
857:
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839:In the book
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584:
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567:As early as
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240:Reichsthaler
208:
195:
188:
173:
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158:
143:
122:
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37:Roman colony
22:
20:
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3252:15 December
3221:13 February
3190:13 February
3067:18 December
3006:18 December
2980:18 December
2876:21 November
2688:"Wise Guys"
2592:17 December
2582:www1.wdr.de
2455:18 December
2142:, p. 195 f.
1906:Anton Fahne
1832:19 December
1582:13 February
1421:13 February
1395:17 December
1337:13 February
1201:S-Bahn Köln
1182:Cologne Zoo
1154:Advertising
1027:No, no, no!
991:Kölner Haie
903:folk actor
889:Marizzebill
779:Dreigestirn
698:Biedermeier
691:Catholicism
595:travelogues
589:Travelogues
569:Roman times
482:Robert Lehr
474:Lord Mayors
383:Musspreußen
327:Königsallee
310:state visit
291:Stapelrecht
215:Jülich-Berg
164:Stapelrecht
3281:Categories
3211:Express.de
2831:23 October
2608:Rheinland.
2043:, p. 218 (
2008:, p. 220 (
1308:References
1266:Literature
1170:McDonald's
1019:a cappella
901:urkölschen
868:dialects,
806:Domstürmer
663:Düsseldorf
634:Bergisches
612:Carthusian
323:demolition
308:. For his
283:Napoleon's
266:Stadt Köln
223:Anna Maria
184:pilgrimage
106:Bergisches
100:, lost to
29:Düsseldorf
3180:RP ONLINE
3097:1 January
2821:0174-4909
2074:, p. 151.
1904:Cited in
1023:Wise Guys
1001:and BAP.
874:ripuarian
795:Hoppeditz
670:Wuppertal
623:are kept.
512:Ruhr Area
236:factories
155:chronicle
33:Rhineland
3246:Archived
3215:Archived
3184:Archived
3160:12 March
3154:Archived
3129:24 April
3091:Archived
3061:Archived
3057:frueh.de
3000:Archived
2974:Archived
2936:21 March
2930:Archived
2870:Archived
2825:archived
2813:Faz. Net
2792:11 March
2786:Archived
2762:11 March
2756:Archived
2726:Archived
2702:12 March
2696:Archived
2671:Archived
2650:12 March
2644:Archived
2586:Archived
2559:11 March
2553:Archived
2519:11 March
2482:11 March
2476:Archived
2449:Archived
2386:12 March
2297:25 March
2291:Archived
2189:, 2013,
2168:14 March
2162:Archived
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1938:(eds.):
1917:Archived
1890:21 March
1884:Archived
1859:21 March
1853:Archived
1823:Archived
1800:29 March
1794:Archived
1758:12 March
1752:Archived
1727:12 March
1663:Wessel,
1650:Wessel,
1612:Wessel,
1599:Wessel,
1576:Archived
1552:Wessel,
1389:Archived
1368:24 April
1362:Archived
1358:DIE WELT
1331:Archived
1327:DIE WELT
1258:—
1235:—
1211:Balances
1146:—
1097:—
941:Kränkung
916:Folklore
741:parades.
713:Carnival
553:—
415:—
391:anecdote
367:romantic
114:medieval
3118:Expedia
2865:FAZ.net
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1880:ksta.de
1452:, P. 14
1175:Expedia
1099:Unknown
1079:Alt key
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1051:Campino
1036:singer
1034:British
959:Campino
810:Altbier
764:mustard
708:Culture
651:Cologne
375:Vormärz
346:Koblenz
254:mostert
51:History
41:capital
25:Cologne
3028:
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2039:
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1636:14 May
1572:nrz.de
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1021:group
979:Kölsch
870:Kölsch
854:Kölsch
850:maache
846:machen
802:enmity
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617:Rubens
281:under
227:Medici
180:relics
110:Düssel
90:legend
2513:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1630:(PDF)
1125:taboo
1038:Adele
909:Peter
885:Kobes
858:maken
787:Alaaf
783:Helau
682:Paris
630:1794.
467:Eifel
295:guild
134:Neuss
3254:2015
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3192:2021
3162:2016
3131:2021
3099:2016
3069:2015
3026:ISBN
3008:2015
2982:2015
2938:2016
2899:ISBN
2878:2015
2833:2018
2817:ISSN
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2764:2016
2734:2016
2704:2016
2652:2016
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2521:2016
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