34:
124:
100:
114:
89:
306:, he organized his forces into the so-called "Regeneration Army", calling into service all civilian members of the Auxiliary National Guard and veterans who had fought in the civil war of 1851. By mid-May he had already doubled the number of his troops. At the beginning of August, the "Regeneration Army" totaled 11,042 troops.
385:
After his defeat, José María Melo was tried and deposed by
Congress. Mosquera demanded that Melo would be shot, but Herrán opposed his execution and he was exiled instead. Former President Obando, who had taken refuge in the nuncio's residence, was tried and removed by Congress from his position as
272:, mainly local artisans, who defended some protectionist measures. Various factions of the army, aristocrats and popular sectors, seeking to implement democratic ideas, allied themselves with the artisans who demanded the reintroduction of protection tariffs.
368:
On 4 December of the same year, the victorious alliance entered Bogotá, after defeating the
Melista army and its allies, the "Draconian" Liberals and artisans. The latter presented tenacious resistance during the final assault on the capital in which general
299:, to propose to Obando to close the Congress and declare himself Dictator. Obando refused and on 17 April Melo took power himself, dissolved the House, abolished the Constitution and arrested the President and his ministers.
672:
287:, candidate for the "Gólgotas" or Radicals. Nevertheless, the "Gólgotas" in Congress managed to introduce a new ultra-liberal Constitution that same year, which only increased tensions in the country.
264:
and the suppression of all protectionist barriers, an important
Liberal principle. These changes had such an impact that they divided the Liberals into two factions : the
608:
551:
547:
445:
365:, located in the north and south of the country and totaling 11,000 men, united and surrounded the 7,000 Melistas, who by autumn only held the city of Bogotá.
662:
276:
251:
414:
33:
295:
By April 1854, the
Draconian artisans and intellectuals believed the dismissal of Obando by Congress was imminent, which led their leader, General
472:
647:
592:
394:
313:
assumed command of the
Constitutionalist coalition, which was formed with Gólgotas Liberals and troops belonging to the Conservative Party.
652:
657:
323:'s troops dominated the Caribbean region starting from Barranquilla and confronted the governor of the province of Cartagena
354:
320:
141:
390:
343:
104:
350:
149:
145:
449:
302:
On 17 April, Melo had 1,000 infantry soldiers and 500 cavalry under his command. With the help of the armed artisans'
255:
667:
418:
373:
was killed. This is why the winning party banished hundreds of artisans to the unhealthy area surrounding the
362:
316:
153:
280:
231:
118:
93:
324:
193:
477:. Vol. 9 Biografías (Gran Enciclopedia de Colombia del Círculo de Lectores ed.). Archived from
310:
296:
239:
234:(today Colombia). It was the popular response supported by both Liberals and Conservatives against the
189:
137:
123:
319:, commander of the Army in the south, defeated the Melo supporters in Cali, Buenaventura and Cartago.
335:
184:
25:
478:
370:
339:
284:
157:
602:
541:
327:, who supported the Melo government. Nieto Gil was diposed by the Constitutionalists on 12 June.
180:
588:
377:
in Panama, most of whom died during the journey on foot. The conflict cost about 4,000 lives.
315:
In many parts of the country, rebellions against the dictatorship broke out. Former president
235:
170:
161:
358:
349:
Melo remained in power for eight months, but finally the "Constitutionalist" troops of
309:
When the
Dictatorship was proclaimed, his opponents also took up arms. Vice President
641:
584:
Politicians, Soldiers, and Cops: Colombia's "La
Violencia" in Comparative Perspective
581:
Cardona, Christopher
Michael en colaboración con la University of California (2008).
374:
623:
389:
José de Obaldía became acting president until 1 April 1855, when
Congress elected
331:
582:
531:
261:
566:
Fausto Andrés, Suaza Duarte (2015). "Rigoberto Rueda Santos (orientador)".
59:
38:
Generals
Herrera, Cipriano de Mosquera and Codazzi during the Civil War
283:
had presented himself on behalf of the "Draconians", and had defeated
338:
where they forced the troops of General Juan José Reyes to retire to
330:
The "Regeneration Army" defeated that of General Tomás Herrera in
342:
in early July. But on 12 July, they suffered a defeat in the
260:
Among the causes of this civil war was the implementation of
673:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of South America
570:(Tesis de Grado de Historia). Bogotá: Universidad Javeriana.
630:. Colombia, Bogotá: Ediciones Tercer Mundo. p. 204.
628:Geografía económica y humana de Colombia. Tomo XI
533:Historia de la Revolución del 17 de abril de 1854
18:
448:. Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango. Archived from
536:. Bogotá: Imprenta de Francisco Tórres Amaya.
520:Bogotá: Imprenta nacional, páginas: 391, 394.
8:
568:El proyecto del Gobierno Provisional de 1854
230:was a civil conflict that took place in the
607:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
415:"Guerras civiles del XIX Siglo (1885-1839)"
386:president, for not preventing Melo's coup.
70:Victory for the Constitutionalist coalition
550:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
546:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
258:and were ruling the country for six years.
15:
268:who defended radical free trade, and the
440:
438:
436:
406:
252:1848–49 Colombian presidential election
600:
539:
7:
663:1854 in the Republic of New Granada
334:and Tiquizá in May and marched to
14:
471:Vargas Martínez, Gustavo (1994).
122:
112:
98:
87:
32:
530:Ortiz, Venancio (1855) (1855).
417:. Colombia Link. Archived from
395:Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen
277:Presidential elections of 1853
1:
516:Restrepo, José Manuel (1954)
499:"Editorial: El 17 de abril";
648:Military history of Colombia
256:Colombian Civil War of 1851
228:Colombian Civil War of 1854
84:Constitutionalist coalition
19:Colombian Civil War of 1854
689:
355:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
321:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
50:17 April – 4 December 1854
518:Diario político y militar
446:"La guerra civil de 1854"
250:The Liberals had won the
219:
214:
201:
169:Manuel María Franco
131:
78:
42:
31:
23:
653:19th century in Colombia
238:orchestrated by General
232:Republic of New Granada
587:. Berkeley: ProQuest.
507:, 24 de abril de 1854.
351:Pedro Alcántara Herrán
150:Pedro Alcántara Herrán
146:Joaquín París Ricaurte
132:Commanders and leaders
658:1854 in South America
344:Battle of Bucaramanga
215:Casualties and losses
624:Pardo Pardo, Alberto
304:Democratic Societies
185:Julio Arboleda Pombo
178:Anselmo Pineda Gómez
142:Cipriano de Mosquera
127:Democratic Societies
26:Colombian Civil Wars
325:Juan José Nieto Gil
194:Juan José Nieto Gil
397:as new president.
363:José Hilario López
317:José Hilario López
291:Coup and Civil War
242:on 17 April 1854.
154:José Hilario López
119:Draconian Liberals
105:Conservative Party
668:Conflicts in 1854
594:978-1-109-09653-8
452:on 24 August 2012
281:José María Obando
224:
223:
197:Francisco Obregón
109:Regeneration Army
74:
73:
680:
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474:Melo, José María
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371:Tomás de Herrera
285:Tomás de Herrera
175:
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158:Tomás de Herrera
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117:
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94:Golgota Liberals
92:
91:
90:
44:
43:
36:
16:
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421:on 4 March 2015
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311:José de Obaldía
297:José María Melo
293:
259:
248:
240:José María Melo
196:
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190:José María Melo
183:
181:Agustín Codazzi
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138:José de Obaldía
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12:
11:
5:
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501:Gaceta oficial
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359:Julio Arboleda
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481:on 2012-09-10
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375:Chagres River
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483:. Retrieved
479:the original
473:
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454:. Retrieved
450:the original
423:. Retrieved
419:the original
409:
393:Congressman
391:Conservative
388:
384:
381:Consequences
367:
348:
329:
308:
303:
301:
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274:
269:
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249:
227:
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220:4,000 killed
172:
163:
79:Belligerents
24:Part of the
236:coup d'état
642:Categories
556:: pág. 244
401:References
270:Draconians
262:Free trade
246:Background
613:: pág. 93
603:cite book
542:cite book
503:, número
332:Zipaquirá
626:(1972).
340:Casanare
266:Golgotas
254:and the
202:Strength
60:Colombia
55:Location
485:16 June
456:31 July
425:31 July
275:In the
173:†
164:†
591:
336:Boyacá
210:11,042
207:11,000
160:
67:Result
609:link
589:ISBN
552:link
548:link
505:1729
487:2014
458:2012
427:2012
361:and
226:The
47:Date
644::
605:}}
601:{{
544:}}
540:{{
435:^
357:,
353:,
346:.
279:,
611:)
597:.
554:)
489:.
460:.
429:.
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