364:
352:
298:
3562:
334:
322:
310:
286:
876:
Graneros Shale, the "old Benton" shales are the widest durable remnant of the
Western Interior Seaway. Older literature may use the term Colorado Group in this extent, but several states outside of Colorado no longer use the term in current publications; nevertheless, the evidence of correlated seaway sequences and fossil patterns remains, regardless of current names.
875:
age are distributed throughout much of the former extent of the
Western Interior Seaway, including broadly from Arizona, to Iowa and Alberta. The Greenhorn-Carlile contact represents the maximum extent of the seaway of that sequence, perhaps of the entire time of the seaway; and, so, coupled with the
2001:
Regarding the inclusion of all
Cretaceous rocks in Russell County within the Colorado Group, Hattin (personal communication) suggests that the term Colorado Group be discontinued because the units are too lithologically diverse to be included within one group. As a result, the term Colorado Group is
599:, Gilbert correctly theorized that the reason for these peculiar rhythmites was periodic astronomical solar forcing, and that these rhythms were absent in the Pierre only because there was no source of carbonate in the Pierre environment. His theory was confirmed with recognitions that
1777:
Later, Hayden (1876, p. 45) coined the term "Colorado Group" for No. 2 (Fort Benton), No. 3 (Niobrara), and No.4 (Pierre) of Hall and Meek's
Nebraska section. The Colorado Group was restricted by White (1878, p. 21) to units No. 2 and No. 3 and has remained thus defined to the
1681:"Descriptions of new Lower Silurian, (Primordial), Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary fossils, collected in Nebraska, by the exploring expedition under the command of Capt. Wm F. Reynolds, U.S. Top. Engineers, with some remarks on the rocks from which they were obtained"
879:
From Iowa to
Arizona, the lithology is remarkably consistent and the bentonites and rhythmic chalk beds of the upper Greenhorn especially are geologic events that can be traced over that distance. Beyond the historic western extent of the Colorado Group usage into the
3628:
2373:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, p. 1052. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
2251:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba, p. 452. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
1309:
correlations, is divided into an upper part which is calcareous, and a lower part, which is non-calcareous. The sub-units are defined at the base of two regional markers, called First and Second White
Speckled Shale characterized by
2088:
Maximum transgression (Fig. 22) is represented by relatively pure pelagic carbonates of the
Jetmore and Pfeifer Members of the Greenhorn; for this reason the sequence was named Greenhorn cyclothem by Hattin (1962, p.
594:
observed that of Meek and Hayden's five
Cretaceous units, only the Benton and Niobrara (incidentally the Colorado Group) were chalky; moreover, the chalkiness was expressed as curiously rhythmic bedding. A well-known
3623:
1914:
The complex bedding pattern observed in the Bridge Creek Limestone is interpreted to result from the competing influences of different orbital cycles expressed through different pathways of the depositional system
3633:
603:
can be expressed in conditions of total global absence of glaciers. Gilbert subsequently replaced the Benton with five formations based on the changes he observed in the chalkiness; non-chalky
649:
advised that the Colorado Group should not be used in Kansas because he considered its units to be "too lithologically diverse"; yet, Colorado Group remains listed in the geologic succession in Kansas.
582: During the last decade of the 19th Century, Cretaceous rocks in Colorado and western Kansas were a focus of considerable study. The Benton and Niobrara were particularly associated in the
3598:
3638:
2527:
462:. As the geology of this seaway was studied, this name came to be used in states beyond Colorado but later was replaced in several of these states with more localized names.
907:. The sediments of the Colorado group exceed 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) in thickness in central Alberta. In central Saskatchewan, it thins to 150 metres (490 ft).
4098:
4093:
2102:
3591:
2542:
2066:
2582:
1661:(Bulletin 847). U.S. Government Printing Office: 246–247 – via United States Department of the Interior, Geology Survey. Contributions to Economic Geology.
2497:
4073:
1809:
During the last decade of the 19th Century, considerable attention was focused upon the classification and description of Cretaceous rocks in western Kansas.
4078:
3615:
3584:
884:, the chalky beds of the group can be identified and are named accordingly, e.g, Smoky Hill, Fort Hays, Bridge Creek, Greenhorn. However, northwest of the
2103:"Paleocirculation and foraminiferal assemblages of the Cenomanian–Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone bedding couplets: Productivity vs. dilution during OAE2"
2557:
2657:
1730:
are sawed into blocks, and employed in the construction of buildings. ... About eight miles west of Hays City there are about 60 feet exposed, of the
4063:
2637:
2041:
1789:
White, C. A., 1878, Report on the geology of a portion of northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, Ann. Rept, 10, p. 5-60.
1713:. House Documents, otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents United States. Congress. House. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 66–69
2622:
2592:
569:
However, by 1878, C. A. White restricted the Colorado Group to the Benton and Niobrara, which are the formations found within the
4113:
4088:
3459:
2642:
2577:
2393:
2349:
2323:
2297:
2271:
1050:
United States sub-unit classifications have generally derived from the related Colorado and Kansas classifications, from top to bottom:
4108:
4103:
4068:
2602:
1614:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the Type Area, Western Kansas
2738:
2567:
2562:
2482:
2436:
451:
2238:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 209
2083:
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 209
3537:
3517:
2512:
2379:
2257:
3607:
3695:
2136:
466:
2816:
2627:
2617:
2552:
2086:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Depositional Environment and Paleoecology.
1889:"Evidence for Milankovitch periodicities in Cenomanian-Turonian lithologic and geochemical cycles, Western Interior U.S.A."
3685:
3184:
3126:
2632:
2502:
2241:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Stratigraphy of the Greenhorn Limestone.
991:
481:
where the unit is composed of little more than shale with no distinctive structures (such as in north-central Montana).
4083:
3512:
3439:
3419:
3399:
3394:
3314:
3294:
3066:
2941:
2572:
2184:
2157:
1839:
1481:
1318:
154:
3749:
3507:
3344:
3284:
3149:
2921:
2821:
2652:
2647:
2612:
2607:
2492:
1723:
1702:
1680:
1676:
1361:
1106:
979:
665:
621:
495:
399:
174:
3910:
3424:
3414:
3409:
3374:
3349:
3299:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3249:
3194:
3179:
3144:
3016:
2881:
1749:
Hague, A. and Emmons, S.E., 1877. Descriptive geology. U.S. geological exploration of the fortieth parallel, v.2.
816:
The Canadian distribution presents with more sandstone. The lower part includes the following sandstone members:
2171:
Consists of Niobrara Formation (Kn) and either Benton Shale or Carlile, Greenhorn, and Graneros Formation (Kcg)
3690:
3542:
3497:
3384:
3334:
3319:
3309:
3279:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3219:
3199:
3189:
3174:
3164:
3139:
2931:
2708:
2587:
2477:
2212:
2129:"Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle"
2020:
1765:
Stratigraphy of the Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Central Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 178
1617:
1059:
888:
where western sediment sources are more dominant, altering the lithology, these names have less current use.
570:
427:
3905:
3434:
3429:
3389:
3379:
3354:
3339:
3254:
3239:
3204:
3106:
2956:
2841:
2826:
2796:
2713:
638:
459:
4027:
3532:
3492:
3404:
3364:
3359:
3324:
3289:
3259:
3229:
3209:
3134:
2891:
2811:
2801:
2597:
2522:
2429:
1830:
1672:
1385:
833:
770:
660:
528:
491:
263:
170:
20:
1711:
Final Reports of the United States Geological Survey of Nebraska and Portions of the Adjacent Territories
4032:
3805:
3766:
3522:
3477:
3449:
3444:
3369:
3329:
3304:
3159:
3154:
3101:
3096:
3021:
2901:
2896:
2517:
2507:
1707:"IX. Sketch of the geological formations along the route of the Union Pacific Railway, Eastern Division"
1019:
885:
162:
960:
218:
3945:
3915:
3854:
3169:
3091:
3051:
3031:
3006:
2981:
2806:
2791:
2781:
2766:
2718:
2703:
2673:
2537:
2397:
2353:
2327:
2301:
2275:
2045:
1843:
1655:"Geology and Mineral resources of North-Central Chouteau, Western Hill, and Eastern Liberty Counties"
423:
196:
116:
2127:
Molenaar, C.M.; Cobban, W.A.; Merewether, E.A.; Pillmore, C.L.; Wolfe, D.G.; Holbrook, J.M. (2002).
2996:
2991:
2986:
2966:
2871:
2866:
2693:
2532:
2487:
2469:
1214:
1196:
987:
699:
645:. However, in the 21st Century, some states, such as Wyoming and Montana, are abandoning the term.
609:
600:
519:
134:
2236:
2206:
2159:
Corridor Assessment Report Appendix F. Geological Hazard Assessment Santa Fe Drive - I-25 to C-470
2014:
4007:
3975:
3935:
3783:
3729:
3724:
3547:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3026:
3011:
3001:
2971:
2961:
2946:
2916:
2906:
2886:
2776:
2728:
2081:
1987:
1927:
1869:
1861:
1821:
1763:
1727:
1706:
1609:
1531:"Field Trip # 1 Marine Cretaceous Reservoirs in Central and Northern Montana: Road Log for Day 1"
1501:
1282:
1128:
1079:
1064:
1015:
967:
948:
928:
817:
732:
591:
455:
192:
150:
142:
1961:
1530:
4002:
3970:
3940:
3925:
3869:
3837:
3793:
3761:
3756:
3482:
2951:
2936:
2861:
2771:
2746:
2678:
2422:
2375:
2253:
2060:
1899:
1731:
1574:
1461:
1437:
1412:
1027:
999:
995:
829:
825:
821:
709:
556:
units for their collective exposures in the dramatic hogbacks and incised plateaus facing the
188:
166:
158:
1768:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Stratigraphy)
1549:- Correlation chart for the field trip over outcrops of the original Colorado classification.
4017:
3997:
3992:
3930:
3896:
3881:
3864:
3739:
3668:
3654:
3487:
3467:
3086:
3056:
3041:
2926:
2911:
2846:
2831:
2761:
2751:
2232:
1851:
1759:
1605:
1086:
1031:
1007:
892:
848:
752:
646:
629:
625:
617:
503:
1321:
classification of the Colorado Group includes the following sub-units, from top to bottom:
1188:
olive-black, carbonaceous shale to chalky shale with repeating thin chalks; repeating thin
4042:
4037:
4022:
4012:
3987:
3965:
3955:
3886:
3876:
3815:
3800:
3776:
3771:
3744:
3716:
3659:
3566:
3527:
3046:
3036:
2976:
2876:
2851:
2836:
2786:
2756:
2547:
1333:
983:
956:
952:
932:
904:
896:
557:
536:
532:
214:
210:
1637:
586:
of Kansas, the Arkansas River valley across southeastern Colorado, and the Colorado
1847:
1264:
shaly chalk with many scattered, thin skeletal limestone beds; repeating thin bentonites
3920:
3842:
3734:
3472:
3116:
3111:
1274:
940:
605:
574:
549:
515:
499:
130:
4057:
3859:
3825:
3810:
1873:
1491:
olive-black, chalk-speckled, calcareous and carbonaceous shale; minor shaly limestone
1338:
1218:
olive-black, chalky shale with repeating, thin chalky limestone beds; repeating thin
1121:
1069:
1003:
916:
704:
613:
415:
357:
184:
138:
73:
34:
2128:
1800:
3982:
3849:
3832:
3820:
3700:
3576:
3502:
1735:
1306:
1039:
1023:
971:
944:
936:
924:
920:
900:
881:
852:
745:
716:
545:
511:
507:
447:
443:
419:
303:
206:
1931:
1654:
442:. The surface outcrop of this group produces distinctive landforms bordering the
3960:
3680:
1266:
1139:
1011:
844:
798:
587:
583:
388:
48:
1801:"Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Western Kansas"
637:
The Colorado Classification was initially adopted throughout the extent of the
2445:
1887:
Sageman, B. B.; Rich, J.; Birchfield, G E; Arthur, M. A.; Dean, W. E. (1997).
1288:
1259:
1246:
596:
411:
93:
58:
2042:"Cretaceous Colorado / Alberta Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin"
1446:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1366:
1311:
1302:
1219:
1189:
1172:
1133:
1111:
1096:
1091:
872:
790:
782:
778:
774:
267:
259:
249:
98:
42:
3706:
2723:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2449:
1506:
1486:
1466:
1442:
1231:
1208:
1183:
1166:
1153:
1143:
975:
806:
561:
439:
384:
339:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1865:
1295:
finely sandy, clayey, gray near-shore/marginal-marine shale; septarians
1054:
Colorado and Kansas classification of regional Colorado Group sub-units
477:
where no beds are developed enough to be mapped as formations, and
2040:
Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin - Chapter 20.
856:
802:
794:
327:
315:
291:
103:
78:
527:
In 1871, Hayden crossed Kansas and Colorado on the recently completed
3214:
2856:
2459:
1903:
1888:
868:
810:
642:
553:
369:
38:
19:
This article is about the stratigraphical unit. For the company, see
2414:
1856:
1825:
1375:-speckled, calcareous and carbonaceous shale; minor shaly limestone
1932:"The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado"
1372:
786:
766:
435:
431:
245:
241:
891:
The Canadian Colorado Group occurs in the sub-surface throughout
1511:
very fine grained sandstone and siltstone, dark calcareous shale
3580:
2418:
765:
The Colorado Group consists primarily of chalky and non-chalky
2208:
Classification of Rocks in Kansas (Kansas Stratigraphic Chart)
2016:
Classification of Rocks in Kansas (Kansas Stratigraphic Chart)
903:. It is found in outcrops along the south-western edge of the
828:
in the non-calcareous shale unit. The upper part includes the
564:. The group was described by A. Hague and S.E. Emmons in 1877.
544:
Hayden proposed term "Colorado Group" in 1876 to embrace the
1989:
Surficial geology and stratigraphy of Russell County, Kansas
1325:
Canadian classification of regional Colorado Group subunits
446:
and it is a significant feature of the subsurface of the
1992:. Kansas Geological Survey Technical Series. Vol. 7
1685:
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Proceedings
1422:
Siltstone, fine grained sandstone and calcareous shale
422:. This name was originally applied to classify a
387:, specifically for the hogbacks and plains facing the
1238:
chalky shale with very rhythmic, thin limestone beds
473:
where the rocks are further divided into formations,
915:
The rocks of Colorado Group age are overlain by the
3895:
3715:
3647:
3614:
3458:
3125:
2737:
2666:
2468:
1034:. The Canadian Colorado Group was previously named
395:
380:
375:
345:
279:
274:
255:
237:
232:
224:
202:
180:
122:
112:
28:
1158:very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, shale
539:confirmed the whole series within the two states.
1799:Donald E. Hattin and Charles T. Siemers (1978).
1579:Weblex : Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units
1471:very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, shale
1301:The Colorado Group in Canada, which retains the
1171:olive-black, carbonaceous shale; repeating thin
573:and secondary hogbacks on the east flank of the
410:is a geologic name applied to certain rocks of
1101:repeating beds of buff chalk and chalky shale
3592:
2430:
1986:Alan F. Arbogast, William C. Johnson (1996).
1648:
1646:
8:
1826:"Sedimentary Measurement of Cretaceous Time"
2065:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
978:, with the upper part corresponding to the
3599:
3585:
3577:
2437:
2423:
2415:
1892:Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A
1540:(534). Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology
847:is produced from the sandstone members in
820:(below the Second White Speckled Shale),
654:Summary of Colorado Group Classifications
25:
1855:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
951:shale and unconformably underlain by the
4099:Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
4094:Lower Cretaceous Series of North America
1529:Karen W. Porter, Jennie Ridgley (2006).
1323:
1251:chalky shale almost devoid of limestone
1052:
1010:foothills. It correlates with the upper
652:
2162:, Shannon & Wilson, 2020, p. 3
1610:"History of Stratigraphic Nomenclature"
1559:
2101:Khalifa Elderbak; Mark Leckie (2015).
2058:
1042:region, but the term is now obsolete.
966:The lower part is equivalent with the
438:known for their importance in Eastern
228:more than 1,000 metres (3,280 ft)
7:
3629:Frontier exploration and development
2392:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2348:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2322:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2296:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
2270:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units.
1936:U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report
1653:W. G. Pierce and C. B. Hunt (1937).
859:, such as in the Bowdoin gas field.
454:. These formations record important
4074:Geologic groups of British Columbia
2186:Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Colorado
801:, and concretionary beds including
4079:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
1805:Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook
1705:, United States Geologist (1871).
1236:bench-forming Shellrock marker bed
452:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
14:
3538:South Central Colorado Urban Area
3518:North Central Colorado Urban Area
986:. It is equivalent to the sum of
3608:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
3560:
469:convention has been to use
362:
350:
332:
320:
308:
296:
284:
16:Rock formations in North America
4064:Geologic groups of Saskatchewan
1807:(3). Kansas Geological Survey.
1293:X-bentonite marker bed (Kansas)
2133:National Geologic Map Database
1215:Fencepost limestone marker bed
418:, particularly in the western
1:
628:(later abandoned in favor of
620:(later abandoned in favor of
2189:, Colorado Geological Survey
4114:Geologic groups of Colorado
4089:Cretaceous British Columbia
3664:Northwestern Alberta Plains
2183:Robert J. Raynolds (2022),
1840:University of Chicago Press
1575:"Unit Name: Colorado Group"
1482:Second White Speckled Shale
911:Relationship to other units
155:Second White Speckled Shale
127:Colorado (type) and Kansas:
4130:
4109:Geologic groups of Wyoming
4104:Geologic groups of Montana
4069:Geologic groups of Alberta
3508:Front Range Urban Corridor
1362:First White Speckled Shale
1319:Canadian Geological Survey
1142:separated by intervals of
980:Vermillion River Formation
175:First White Speckled Shale
18:
3556:
2456:
2080:Donald E. Hattin (1975).
1722:At Hays City the massive
1454:108 m (350 ft)
1431:
1355:
1195:
1120:
1116:massive chalky limestone
1078:
751:
739:
736:
726:
720:
703:
698:
33:
3691:Northern Rocky Mountains
3543:Southern Rocky Mountains
3498:Denver Metropolitan Area
2272:"Medicine Hat Sandstone"
2213:Kansas Geological Survey
2021:Kansas Geological Survey
2002:not used in this report.
1618:Kansas Geological Survey
1514:38 m (120 ft)
1474:61 m (200 ft)
1425:60 m (200 ft)
1378:157 m (520 ft)
3677:North-central foothills
3624:Oil sands and heavy oil
1824:(February–March 1895).
1638:Geologic Unit: Colorado
1494:70 m (230 ft)
1405:14 m (50 ft)
639:Western Interior Seaway
498:described their “Upper
460:Western Interior Seaway
3533:South-Central Colorado
3493:Colorado Western Slope
1831:The Journal of Geology
1386:Medicine Hat Sandstone
1267:X-bentonite marker bed
899:, western and central
834:Medicine Hat Sandstone
529:Kansas Pacific Railway
485:History of exploration
171:Medicine Hat Sandstone
21:Colorado Group Limited
3806:Glauconitic Sandstone
3523:Northwestern Colorado
3478:Colorado Mineral Belt
1129:Juana Lopez Sandstone
1020:Shaftesbury Formation
919:and underlain by the
886:Transcontinental Arch
3648:Depositional regions
2817:Cherry Hills Village
2394:"Phillips Sandstone"
992:Blackstone Formation
270:, concretionary beds
197:Milk River Formation
117:Geological formation
4033:Beaverhill Lake GRP
3750:Horseshoe Canyon FM
3634:Natural gas liquids
3616:Hydrocarbon history
3567:Colorado portal
3503:Four Corners Region
2638:Tourist attractions
2543:Indian reservations
2350:"Bowdoin Sandstone"
2324:"Cardium Sandstone"
2298:"Martin Sandy Zone"
1848:1895JG......3..121G
1326:
1107:Fort Hays Limestone
1055:
988:Crowsnest Formation
769:, and incorporates
655:
616:, massively chalky
601:Milankovitch cycles
426:of specific marine
35:Stratigraphic range
4084:Cretaceous Alberta
3911:Porcupine Hills FM
3767:Ribstone Creek MBR
3548:Southwest Colorado
1502:Phillips Sandstone
1324:
1283:Thatcher Limestone
1053:
1036:Lloydminster Shale
1016:Dunvegan Formation
968:Ashville Formation
949:Lea Park Formation
929:Powder River Basin
840:Oil/gas production
818:Phillips Sandstone
653:
475:Colorado Formation
193:Lea Park Formation
151:Phillips Sandstone
4051:
4050:
3674:North-east Plains
3574:
3573:
3483:Colorado Piedmont
3067:Steamboat Springs
2942:Greenwood Village
2623:Statistical areas
2593:Prehistoric sites
1736:Fort Benton Group
1734:of No. 2, of the
1520:
1519:
1462:Bowdoin Sandstone
1438:Cardium Sandstone
1434:(non-calcareous)
1413:Martin Sandy Zone
1299:
1298:
1256:Lincoln Limestone
1028:Labiche Formation
1000:Wapiabi Formation
996:Cardium Formation
867:Shales of middle
830:Martin Sandy Zone
826:Cardium Sandstone
822:Bowdoin Sandstone
758:
757:
405:
404:
189:Belly River Group
167:Martin Sandy Zone
163:Cardium Sandstone
159:Bowdoin Sandstone
4121:
3906:Cypress Hills FM
3897:Southern Alberta
3669:Canadian Rockies
3655:Southern Alberta
3601:
3594:
3587:
3578:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3488:Colorado Plateau
3468:Central Colorado
2922:Glenwood Springs
2822:Colorado Springs
2578:National Forests
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:on July 10, 2012
2396:. Archived from
2389:
2383:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:on July 16, 2012
2352:. Archived from
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2326:. Archived from
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2300:. Archived from
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2274:. Archived from
2267:
2261:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2233:Donald E. Hattin
2229:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2044:. Archived from
2037:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1859:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1760:Donald E. Hattin
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1606:Donald E. Hattin
1602:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1571:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:Open File Report
1535:
1451:marine sandstone
1327:
1150:Codell Sandstone
1087:Smoky Hill Chalk
1056:
1032:northern Alberta
1008:Canadian Rockies
998:, and the lower
961:Swan River Group
947:overlain by the
849:southern Alberta
656:
647:Donald E. Hattin
560:front ranges of
368:
366:
365:
356:
354:
353:
338:
336:
335:
326:
324:
323:
314:
312:
311:
302:
300:
299:
290:
288:
287:
219:Swan River Group
108:
26:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4043:Canadian Shield
4028:Cooking Lake FM
3926:Belly River GRP
3891:
3887:Canadian Shield
3816:Sunburst Member
3762:Belly River GRP
3717:Central Alberta
3711:
3660:Central Alberta
3643:
3610:
3605:
3575:
3570:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3528:San Luis Valley
3454:
3121:
3017:Manitou Springs
2882:Federal Heights
2733:
2662:
2603:Protected areas
2528:Historic places
2464:
2452:
2443:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2372:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2304:on July 7, 2012
2295:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2278:on July 7, 2012
2269:
2268:
2264:
2250:
2246:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2165:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1908:
1906:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1716:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1556:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1523:Further reading
1433:
1357:
1347:
1294:
1277:
1265:
1260:Late-Cenomanian
1247:Late-Cenomanian
1237:
1227:
1217:
1204:
1199:
1163:Blue Hill Shale
1134:Early-Coniacian
1125:(carbonaceous)
1124:
1095:
1092:Early-Campanian
1082:
1048:
984:Favel Formation
935:of the western
933:Williston Basin
913:
905:Canadian Shield
897:central Alberta
865:
842:
763:
693:
691:
687:
685:
680:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
487:
363:
361:
351:
349:
333:
331:
321:
319:
309:
307:
297:
295:
285:
283:
215:Mannville Group
211:Blairmore Group
149:
145:
129:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4127:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3838:Rock Creek MBR
3830:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3667:South-central
3665:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Eastern Plains
3470:
3464:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2932:Grand Junction
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2653:Transportation
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:National Parks
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Municipalities
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Climate change
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2384:
2366:
2340:
2314:
2288:
2262:
2244:
2224:
2198:
2175:
2149:
2119:
2093:
2072:
2032:
2006:
1978:
1953:
1919:
1879:
1857:10.1086/607150
1813:
1791:
1782:
1751:
1742:
1694:
1664:
1642:
1630:
1590:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:Mid-Cenomanian
1286:
1279:
1278:(carbonaceous)
1271:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1243:Hartland Shale
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1213:bench-forming
1211:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1180:Fairport Shale
1177:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1097:Late-Coniacian
1089:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1047:
1044:
941:Western Canada
912:
909:
864:
861:
841:
838:
762:
759:
756:
755:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
735:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
713:
712:
707:
702:
696:
695:
689:
682:
676:
670:
651:
650:
634:
633:
632:).
624:), and chalky
579:
578:
575:Dakota Hogback
566:
565:
558:Rocky Mountain
541:
540:
531:, and between
524:
523:
500:Missouri River
490:In 1862,
486:
483:
479:Colorado Shale
471:Colorado Group
403:
402:
397:
393:
392:
382:
378:
377:
373:
372:
347:
343:
342:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
257:
253:
252:
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
204:
200:
199:
182:
178:
177:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
31:
30:
29:Colorado Group
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4126:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Elk Point GRP
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Mannville GRP
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Milk River FM
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Ravenscrag FM
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Mount Head FM
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3826:Detrital Beds
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Ostracod Beds
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:Mannville GRP
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Fort St. John
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Woodland Park
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Idaho Springs
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
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2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Cripple Creek
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Commerce City
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
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2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Federal lands
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
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2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:0-920230-23-7
2377:
2370:
2367:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2330:on 2012-07-07
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:0-920230-23-7
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2048:on 2010-10-24
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:Gilbert, G.K.
1923:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:G. K. Gilbert
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1752:
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1739:
1737:
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1634:
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1580:
1576:
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1513:
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1436:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:olive-black,
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:(calcareous)
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:Jetmore Chalk
1226:Bridge Creek/
1225:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:Pfeifer Shale
1203:Bridge Creek/
1202:
1200:(calcareous)
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:; septarians
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:Late-Turonian
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:(calcareous)
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:Alberta Group
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
974:and southern
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:unconformably
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Montana Group
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
877:
874:
870:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
760:
754:
750:
747:
744:
743:
734:
731:
730:
723:
718:
715:
714:
711:
708:
706:
701:
697:
690:
683:
677:
671:
667:
662:
658:
657:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:, non-chalky
611:
607:
602:
598:
593:
592:G. K. Gilbert
589:
585:
581:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:North America
413:
409:
401:
398:
394:
391:of that state
390:
386:
383:
379:
374:
371:
359:
348:
344:
341:
329:
317:
305:
293:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Montana Group
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
3951:Colorado GRP
3950:
3921:Edmonton GRP
3821:Taber Member
3789:Colorado GRP
3788:
3777:Brosseau MBR
3772:Victoria MBR
3745:Whitemud MBR
3735:Edmonton GRP
3701:Saskatchewan
3558:
2892:Fort Collins
2812:Central City
2802:Castle Pines
2709:Homelessness
2689:Demographics
2658:Wildernesses
2588:Paleontology
2478:Bibliography
2458:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2387:
2369:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:the original
2343:
2332:. Retrieved
2328:the original
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:the original
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2276:the original
2265:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:, retrieved
2207:
2201:
2191:, retrieved
2185:
2178:
2170:
2164:, retrieved
2158:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2132:
2122:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:ResearchGate
2106:
2096:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2035:
2025:, retrieved
2015:
2009:
2000:
1994:. Retrieved
1988:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1942:(2): 551–601
1939:
1935:
1922:
1913:
1907:. Retrieved
1895:
1891:
1882:
1835:
1829:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1770:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:
1745:
1724:rocky layers
1721:
1715:. Retrieved
1710:
1703:F. V. Hayden
1697:
1688:
1684:
1677:Hayden, F.V.
1667:
1658:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1613:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:
1542:. Retrieved
1537:
1316:
1307:Pierre Shale
1300:
1049:
1040:Lloydminster
1035:
1024:Paddy Member
972:Saskatchewan
965:
937:Great Plains
925:Denver Basin
921:Dakota Group
914:
901:Saskatchewan
890:
882:Mancos Shale
878:
866:
863:Distribution
853:Saskatchewan
843:
815:
771:conglomerate
764:
641:, including
597:glaciologist
478:
474:
470:
464:
448:Denver Basin
444:Great Plains
420:Great Plains
407:
406:
376:Type section
304:Saskatchewan
264:Conglomerate
207:Dakota Group
146:
126:
4008:Crowfoot FM
3976:Sawtooth FM
3936:Foremost FM
3843:Nordegg MBR
3784:Lea Park FM
3730:Scollard FM
3725:Paskapoo FM
3686:Fort Nelson
3681:Liard River
3639:Natural gas
3513:High Plains
3185:Clear Creek
3102:Wheat Ridge
3097:Westminster
3022:Monte Vista
2902:Fort Morgan
2897:Fort Lupton
2714:LGBT rights
1842:: 121–127.
1330:Subdivision
1312:coccolithic
1269:(Colorado)
1140:calcarenite
1012:Smoky Group
970:in eastern
943:, they are
851:, southern
799:phosphorite
710:Belly River
588:Front Range
584:Smoky Hills
496:F.V. Hayden
414:age in the
400:F.V. Hayden
389:Front Range
4058:Categories
4003:Wabamun FM
3983:Rundle GRP
3971:Rierdon FM
3941:Pakowki FM
3870:Pekisko FM
3860:Elkton MBR
3850:Rundle GRP
3833:Fernie GRP
3794:Cardium FM
3757:Bearpaw FM
3440:Washington
3420:San Miguel
3400:Rio Grande
3395:Rio Blanco
3315:Las Animas
3295:Kit Carson
3170:Broomfield
3092:Walsenburg
3052:Rocky Ford
3032:Northglenn
3007:Louisville
2982:Las Animas
2807:Centennial
2797:Cañon City
2792:Burlington
2782:Broomfield
2767:Black Hawk
2598:Prehistory
2523:Government
2503:Coloradans
2404:2009-03-01
2360:2009-03-01
2334:2009-03-01
2308:2009-03-01
2282:2009-03-01
2219:2023-11-22
2193:2023-11-22
2166:2023-11-22
2113:2021-05-23
2109:. Figure 4
2052:2010-05-12
2027:2023-11-22
1996:2021-05-21
1962:"Colorado"
1909:2021-05-21
1772:2021-05-20
1732:dark clays
1717:2018-10-04
1691:: 415-447.
1673:Meek, F.B.
1584:2021-04-23
1554:References
1544:2022-07-03
1351:Reference
1220:bentonites
1197:Greenhorn
1190:bentonites
1173:bentonites
1074:Lithology
694:(current)
630:Smoky Hill
502:” series;
428:formations
412:Cretaceous
4018:Ireton FM
3998:Bakken FM
3993:Exshaw FM
3961:Ellis GRP
3931:Oldman FM
3882:Exshaw FM
3865:Shunda FM
3740:Battle FM
3671:foothills
3345:Montezuma
3285:Jefferson
3150:Archuleta
2997:Lone Tree
2992:Littleton
2987:Leadville
2967:Lafayette
2872:Englewood
2867:Edgewater
2699:Education
2608:Railroads
2563:Mountains
2518:Geography
2508:Elections
2463:(capital)
1874:129629329
1640:, Geolex.
1623:April 23,
1447:Coniacian
1418:Santonian
1401:siltstone
1397:sandstone
1391:Santonian
1367:Santonian
1348:Thickness
1343:Lithology
1314:debris.
1303:Santonian
1112:Coniacian
1060:Formation
1046:Sub-units
957:Mannville
953:Blairmore
873:Santonian
791:limestone
789:, chalky
783:rhythmite
779:siltstone
775:sandstone
761:Lithology
740:Colorado
727:Colorado
700:Fox Hills
688:(current)
622:Fort Hays
610:Greenhorn
608:, chalky
571:flatirons
520:Fox Hills
492:F.B. Meek
456:sequences
381:Named for
268:Limestone
260:Siltstone
250:Sandstone
233:Lithology
225:Thickness
181:Underlies
135:Greenhorn
123:Sub-units
43:Santonian
37:: middle
4023:Leduc FM
4013:Nisku FM
3988:Banff FM
3966:Swift FM
3877:Banff FM
3707:Manitoba
3705:Western
3425:Sedgwick
3415:San Juan
3410:Saguache
3375:Phillips
3350:Montrose
3300:La Plata
3275:Huerfano
3270:Hinsdale
3265:Gunnison
3250:Garfield
3195:Costilla
3180:Cheyenne
3145:Arapahoe
3127:Counties
3082:Trinidad
3077:Thornton
3072:Sterling
3062:Sheridan
3027:Montrose
3012:Loveland
3002:Longmont
2972:Lakewood
2962:La Junta
2947:Gunnison
2917:Glendale
2907:Fountain
2887:Florence
2777:Brighton
2724:Religion
2719:Politics
2704:Gun laws
2674:Abortion
2633:Timeline
2558:Military
2498:Colleges
2450:Colorado
2235:(1975).
2061:cite web
1946:28 March
1930:(1896).
1866:30054556
1778:present.
1762:(1965).
1679:(1862).
1608:(1982).
1507:Turonian
1487:Turonian
1467:Turonian
1443:Turonian
1334:Sub-unit
1275:Graneros
1232:Turonian
1209:Turonian
1184:Turonian
1167:Turonian
1144:mudstone
1138:beds of
1080:Niobrara
976:Manitoba
893:southern
807:siderite
795:coquinas
785:beds of
737:Colorado
733:Niobrara
721:Colorado
684:Colorado
626:Apishapa
606:Graneros
562:Colorado
550:Niobrara
516:Niobrara
450:and the
440:Colorado
408:Colorado
396:Named by
385:Colorado
340:Colorado
275:Location
203:Overlies
143:Niobrara
131:Graneros
3460:Regions
3385:Prowers
3335:Mineral
3320:Lincoln
3310:Larimer
3280:Jackson
3245:Fremont
3235:El Paso
3225:Douglas
3220:Dolores
3200:Crowley
3190:Conejos
3175:Chaffee
3165:Boulder
3140:Alamosa
2952:Holyoke
2937:Greeley
2862:Durango
2772:Boulder
2747:Alamosa
2694:Economy
2684:Culture
2667:Society
2628:Symbols
2618:Slavery
2573:Museums
2533:History
2488:Outline
2142:May 23,
1844:Bibcode
1659:Geology
1122:Carlile
1038:in the
1006:in the
1002:of the
923:in the
857:Montana
855:and in
803:calcite
746:Benton
705:Montana
614:Carlile
533:Abilene
458:of the
346:Country
328:Wyoming
316:Montana
292:Alberta
238:Primary
147:Canada:
139:Carlile
3899:plains
3435:Teller
3430:Summit
3390:Pueblo
3380:Pitkin
3355:Morgan
3340:Moffat
3255:Gilpin
3240:Elbert
3215:Denver
3205:Custer
3087:Victor
3057:Salida
3042:Pueblo
2927:Golden
2912:Fruita
2857:Denver
2847:Dacono
2832:Cortez
2762:Aurora
2752:Arvada
2739:Cities
2729:Sports
2648:Trails
2613:Rivers
2538:Images
2470:Topics
2460:Denver
2378:
2256:
2215:, 2018
2023:, 2018
1971:21 May
1966:geolex
1904:460584
1902:
1872:
1864:
1395:muddy
1305:-time
1065:Member
931:, and
869:Albian
811:pyrite
809:, and
753:Dakota
724:Pierre
717:Pierre
692:Canada
686:Kansas
673:Hayden
666:Hayden
659:
643:Canada
618:Timpas
554:Pierre
552:, and
546:Benton
518:, and
512:Pierre
508:Benton
504:Dakota
370:Canada
367:
355:
337:
325:
313:
301:
289:
280:Region
39:Albian
3405:Routt
3365:Ouray
3360:Otero
3325:Logan
3290:Kiowa
3260:Grand
3230:Eagle
3210:Delta
3135:Adams
3047:Rifle
3037:Ouray
2977:Lamar
2877:Evans
2852:Delta
2837:Craig
2787:Brush
2757:Aspen
2679:Crime
2643:Towns
2553:Lists
2483:Index
2446:State
2089:124).
1898:(2).
1870:S2CID
1862:JSTOR
1838:(2).
1728:No. 3
1534:(PDF)
1432:Lower
1373:chalk
1356:Upper
939:. In
787:chalk
767:shale
679:White
663:&
537:Limon
436:chalk
432:shale
424:group
256:Other
246:Chalk
242:Shale
3450:Yuma
3445:Weld
3370:Park
3330:Mesa
3305:Lake
3160:Bent
3155:Baca
3117:Yuma
3112:Wray
2376:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2144:2021
2137:USGS
2067:link
1973:2021
1948:2021
1900:OSTI
1625:2021
1399:and
1317:The
1026:and
982:and
895:and
832:and
824:and
777:and
681:1878
675:1871
669:1862
661:Meek
535:and
494:and
467:USGS
465:The
434:and
113:Type
49:Preęž’
2548:Law
2448:of
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