46:
33:
337:
often eaten as a substitute for potato or sweet potato. Although they are rarely seen because the vegetative reproduction is predominant, the plant also has yellow flowers. These flowers are two-lipped, and are on the short and crowded branches. While the plant is in flower the stems are leafless.
407:
The tubers have been planted in small plots of 10 by 10 m. In these small plots they were planted between young eucalyptus trees, using a mixed cropping system that had vegetables like amaranthus and cucurbits. They have also been intercropped with maize but that proved to be unsuccessful. Yields
336:
The species is a perennial dicot herb and a member of the mint family. It can grow to be as tall as 2 metres. Some of the branches on the base bend down and grow into the ground that then can form oblong tubers, which are the fleshy underground stems. These tubers are edible and nutritious,
328:, but able to give greater yields. Although the crop is similar to a potato, it is from the mint family, but it is still quite nutritious and useful. This crop can benefit many subsistence farmers since it is native, easy to grow, enjoying growing popularity in the market, and quite nutritious.
411:
Some cultivated tubers can weigh up to 1.8 kg. Yields of 2-6 tonnes per hectare have been reported. As well as yields of 70 tons per hectare were documented when the leaves could be harvested. They were harvested on a two-week interval and over a period of six weeks. Yields will depend on
366:
since prehistoric times, it is a crop that is still relevant today. The negative perception of this native crop has decreased the cultivation. However, the social stigma is starting to diminish and it has started being grown for the commercial markets in Africa. In French the crop's name is
399:
can adapt well to various environmental conditions but does best in local environmental conditions where there has been a history of cultivation, such as
Southern Africa. People who are trained in a community are able to manage the production of
501:
In 2001-2002 farmers were able to sell 250 g of this crop for up to rand 5 (US$ 1), which is higher than the price of an Irish potato. Communities can also sell the cooked leaves for rand 7 (US$ 1.30). There is a cash demand for
341:
has fleshy leaves, on angular stems. These leaves have brown gland-dots underneath and toothed edges. The tubers of this plant are quite important since that is the part of the crop that is used for sale, and farmer exchange.
424:
can be harvested 180–200 days after it has been planted. The ideal soil to grow this tuber is a pH of 6.5-7, with an annual rainfall of 700–1100 mm. The ideal photoperiod for the tubers is between 12.5 and 13 hours.
453:
are often used as a substitute for a potato or sweet potato. Directly after cultivation it can be boiled or roasted. The stems have been used to sweeten gruel (porridge). The leaves can be cooked in sauces as well.
528:
Paton, Alan J.; Mwanyambo, Montfort; Govaerts, Rafaël H.A.; Smitha, Kokkaraniyil; Suddee, Somran; Phillipson, Peter B.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Forster, Paul I. & Culham, Alastair (2019). "Nomenclatural changes in
357:
to southern tropical Africa. It was also first cultivated in the Upper Niger valley of the
Hausaland in Nigeria and in the Central African Republic. Its cultivation has been largely displaced by the spread of
466:
The fleshy underground stems, the tubers are the part of the plant that is consumed. This tuber crop is considered to be superior to other tuber crops in terms of its food value. In 100g there is:
395:
for humans. These tubers are nutritious and easy to grow and are becoming easier to sell. The tubers can remain viable underground even when the plant is not able to produce leaves.
1230:
1021:
441:
has stored six seed collections and the germination testing has been successful. The seeds are dried, packaged and kept at below zero temperature in a seed vault.
1321:
1256:
757:
Allemann, James; Pieter Snyman Hammes (2006). "Effect of photoperiod on tuberization in the
Livingstone potato ( Plectranthus esculentus NE Br. Lamiaceae)".
420:
The species is propagated from tubers as well as small axillary bulbils. The tubers are planted in the spring when harvest can occur the following autumn.
362:, which was introduced by the Portuguese to Africa from South America about 500 years ago. Although it is seen as a "lost crop" of Africa, and it was
1178:
969:
1243:
1191:
1034:
982:
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has been said to help with digestive problems also used to treat stomach ache and abdominal pain. It has also been used as anthelminthics.
690:
1395:
815:
1217:
1008:
1248:
1039:
628:
438:
869:
Lukhoba, Catherine W.; Monique S.J. Simmonds; Alan J. Paton (2006). "Plectranthus: A review of ethnobotanical uses".
1261:
1308:
1047:
791:
Kyesmu, P.M. (1994). "Plectranthus
Esculentus n.e.br. a Minor Tuber Crop in Dire Need of Rescue from Extinction".
363:
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183:
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weather conditions and the various types of soil so it is important to keep these in mind.
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83:
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374:
70:
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322:, where it is grown for its edible tubers. It is more difficult to cultivate than
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961:
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1114:
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179:
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It is rich in carbohydrates, vitamin A, minerals, and essential amino acids.
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is exceptionally hardy and grown quite easily in regions without frost.
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57:
506:, but it is typically exchanged between neighbours and friends.
912:
595:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
523:
521:
519:
1089:
921:
228:(N.E.Br.) Robyns & Lebrun, nom. illeg., non
691:"Plectranthus esculentus (Livingstone potato)"
537:(Lamiaceae): a tale of more than two genera".
493:has contributed significantly to rural diets.
8:
368:
314:, is a species of plant in the dicot family
864:
862:
860:
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808:Archaeology, language, and the African past
752:
750:
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693:. KEW Royal Botanic Gardens. Archived from
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20:
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408:were lower when intercropped with maize.
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633:United States Department of Agriculture
624:Germplasm Resources Information Network
515:
391:The tubers are the most useful part of
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661:
659:
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655:
653:
651:
649:
846:"Women reintroducing neglected crops"
593:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
198:
7:
741:. Timber Press, Oregon. p. 302.
346:History, geography and ethnography
14:
1314:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:454384-1
1053:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:445982-1
256:(N.E.Br.) Robyns & Lebrun
44:
1:
1391:Crops originating from Africa
629:Agricultural Research Service
404:with little additional help.
871:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
439:Millennium Seed Bank Project
548:10.3897/phytokeys.129.34988
1412:
737:Ben-Erik, Van Wyk (2005).
16:Species of flowering plant
1396:Taxa named by N. E. Brown
883:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.011
771:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.12.011
473:Crude protein level: 13 g
237:Plectranthus floribundus
197:
190:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
739:Food Plants of the World
470:Total carbohydrates 80 g
370:pomme de terre d’Afrique
217:Englerastrum floribundum
209:Plectranthus floribundus
1091:Plectranthus esculentus
617:Plectranthus esculentus
587:Plectranthus esculentus
462:Nutritional information
300:Plectranthus esculentus
201:Plectranthus esculentus
806:Blench, Roger (2006).
485:Vitamin A 0.17 mg
379:
369:
318:. It is indigenous to
277:Coleus langouassiensis
220:(N.E.Br.) T.C.E.Fr.
759:Field Crops Research
325:Coleus rotundifolius
303:, also known as the
793:Lamiales Newsletter
697:on 11 December 2013
479:Calcium 140 mg
476:Total lipids: 0.6 g
445:Consumption and use
249:Coleus floribundus
810:. Altamira Press.
456:C. esculentus
427:C. esculentus
416:Growing conditions
402:C. esculentus
312:Livingstone potato
225:Coleus floribundus
154:C. esculentus
1363:
1362:
1270:Open Tree of Life
1121:Coleus esculentus
923:Coleus esculentus
915:Taxon identifiers
851:. Leisa Magazine.
504:Coleus esculentus
491:Coleus esculentus
451:Coleus esculentus
422:Coleus esculentus
397:Coleus esculentus
393:Coleus esculentus
351:Coleus esculentus
339:Coleus esculentus
291:Coleus esculentus
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172:Coleus esculentus
25:Coleus esculentus
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1386:Leaf vegetables
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795:. pp. 3–4.
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482:Iron 50 mg
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377:, it is called
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261:Coleus coppinii
250:
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11:
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1353:wfo-0000275410
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1079:wfo-0000914260
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541:(129): 1–158.
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449:The tubers of
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433:Genetic stocks
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375:Hausa language
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230:C. floribundus
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844:Haq, Nazmul.
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817:9780759104655
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163:Binomial name
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71:Tracheophytes
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765:(1): 76–81.
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699:. Retrieved
695:the original
636:. Retrieved
622:
616:
609:
597:. Retrieved
592:
586:
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538:
535:Plectranthus
534:
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24:
18:
1205:iNaturalist
1115:Wikispecies
996:iNaturalist
877:(1): 1–24.
701:18 November
387:Cultivation
332:Description
269:Coleus dazo
84:Angiosperms
1370:Categories
1288:kew-158074
1283:Plant List
581:USDA, NRCS
510:References
364:cultivated
355:indigenous
280:A.Chev.
272:A.Chev.
212:N.E.Br.
204:N.E.Br.
938:Q50839360
891:0378-8741
599:7 October
539:PhytoKeys
497:Economics
373:. In the
316:Lamiaceae
264:Heckel
244:N.E.Br
148:Species:
130:Lamiaceae
54:Kingdom:
1340:17602740
1335:Tropicos
1236:10455929
1223:454384-1
1106:Q3815757
1100:Wikidata
1066:50136108
1061:Tropicos
1027:10212778
1014:445982-1
932:Wikidata
899:16289602
583:(n.d.).
567:31523157
253:longipes
241:longipes
232:Baker
192:Synonyms
184:G.Taylor
126:Family:
120:Lamiales
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
1327:1671-30
1275:3882779
1262:2485380
1184:2926640
1153:Ecocrop
1001:1278864
975:5341314
638:27 June
558:6717120
360:cassava
296:synonym
180:N.E.Br.
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1381:Tubers
1376:Coleus
1296:PLANTS
1249:506026
1210:592220
1197:400149
1132:116854
1129:APDB:
1040:511225
988:400150
949:117955
946:APDB:
897:
889:
814:
565:
555:
531:Coleus
320:Africa
308:potato
306:kaffir
141:Coleus
1322:SANBI
1301:PLES2
1231:IRMNG
1171:PLFES
1145:4K48H
1022:IRMNG
849:(PDF)
380:rizga
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1309:POWO
1257:NCBI
1244:ITIS
1218:IPNI
1192:GRIN
1179:GBIF
1166:EPPO
1158:8753
1048:POWO
1035:ITIS
1009:IPNI
983:GRIN
970:GBIF
962:X255
895:PMID
887:ISSN
812:ISBN
703:2013
640:2015
601:2015
563:PMID
533:and
437:The
251:var.
239:var.
1348:WFO
1140:CoL
1074:WFO
957:CoL
879:doi
875:103
767:doi
553:PMC
543:doi
353:is
310:or
1372::
1350::
1337::
1324::
1311::
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1285::
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1259::
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