1048:, South Australia. Despite ongoing support for the submarines to be built in South Australia by successive Coalition and Labor governments, in July 2014, the Abbott-led Coalition government abandoned their pre-election commitment to ASC-based construction and opened up the possibility of building the submarines at a foreign shipyard. In February 2015 the Abbott government in announcing a 'competitive evaluation process' noted that the government would not approach the submarine decision with an 'open cheque book', but would rather allow a competitive process in which various construction options would be explored, including construction in Australia, overseas, or a 'hybrid approach' of foreign and local construction, along with estimated costs and schedules.
609:
1032:
659:
loosening of defence export restrictions in 2014), the provision of a proven high-end submarine design to the
Australian military, and improved relations, both directly and as mutual allies of the United States of America. However, it has been noted that cooperation on such a major defence project would be high risk due to Japan's lack of previous arms export experience, and any deal could negatively impact on both nations' relations with China. The close personal relationship between the then-Australian Prime Minister
78:
50:
906:
461:
1572:
1334:'s Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces, said the decision to cancel the contract must lead France "to wonder about the recurrent attitude from some of our allies, behaving as adversaries rather than fair competitors". On 17 September 2021, Le Drian announced that President Macron had recalled the French ambassadors to Australia and the United States.
1289:. Australia will now acquire at least eight nuclear-powered submarines armed with conventional weapons. The submarines will be built by ASC in Osborne. The basic design and key technologies will be decided by the Nuclear-Powered Submarine Task Force, an 18-month Department of Defence research project headed by Vice Admiral
1316:
Naval Group said that
Australia had "terminated the contract for convenience". The French Ministry of Defense claimed that on the day that the contract was cancelled, Australia had written to France stating that "they were satisfied with the submarine's achievable performance and with the progress of
574:
projects to establish parameters for propulsion, combat system, and stealth capabilities, along with initiating programs to develop the required industry skills for the actual construction. Under the 2012 revised timeline, the preliminary phase would conclude in 2013, with 'first pass approval' to be
335:
shipyard in South
Australia, but, if a company other than ASC was selected to build the submarines, they would be granted access to the government-owned facility. Early plans suggested the first submarine would be completed before 2025. However, there were significant delays in the project and by the
1211:
On 16 September 2021, Australia cancelled the contract with Naval Group. Less than three weeks earlier, on the 30th of August, the French and
Australian defence and foreign affairs ministers had released a joint statement reaffirming the project, stating that the "Ministers underlined the importance
921:
In the 2009 Defence white paper, the replacement submarines were outlined as a class of twelve vessels of up to 4,000 tons displacement, fitted with land-attack cruise missiles in addition to torpedoes and anti-ship missiles, capable of launching and recovering covert operatives while submerged, and
749:
On 8 February 2015 the Abbott government signalled that both the selection of a design and selection of construction options would be competitive, and on 9 February 2015 announced a "competitive evaluation process" with the possibility of construction in
Australia. On 20 February 2015 the Australian
560:
white paper confirmed the replacement project, and announced that the submarine fleet would be increased to twelve vessels. Reasons for this included the growing quantity and sophistication of Asian-Pacific naval forces (particularly submarine forces), the need to sustain submarine operations in any
415:
towards military aggression against
Australia by patrolling the waters of Australia and nearby nations; in addition, they gather intelligence through the interception of electronic communications by foreign nations and assist in the deployment and retrieval of special forces operatives. Because RAN
849:
Batteries are an important component of diesel-electric submarines, propelling them and operating electric equipment underwater for long periods before having to surface to recharge the batteries. Improvements in battery technology in the 21st century have allowed smaller diesel-electric submarines
1051:
Original plans for construction indicated a 25-year period from work starting to final completion. Because of the lengthy construction period, building the submarines in evolving 'batches' was under consideration; ongoing research and innovation would see updated equipment and designs incorporated
575:
done by early 2014, and 'second pass approval' in 2017. The best case prediction for seeing the first new submarine enter service, made in 2012, was "after 2030". Some of the slow pace and lack of decision making has been attributed to politicians fearing being held responsible for a repeat of the
569:
class began decommissioning in 2025. However, meetings between
Moffitt and the National Security Committee to clarify concept details and intended capabilities scheduled for November 2009 did not go ahead until March 2012. On 3 May 2012, the Australian government announced funding for the initial
1228:
Australia had invested A$ 2.4 billion into the program. The strategic partnership agreement contained "control gates" with "off-ramps" at which point
Australia could withdraw from the contract. The program had been intensively criticised in Australia because of its alleged increase in costs and
658:
Stirling engines and research into incorporating the
Japanese boats' hydrodynamic capabilities into a potential SEA 1000 design. Advantages in such a deal between the nations include the attention that securing the SEA 1000 project would bring to Japanese arms manufacturers (particularly after
487:
class were the first diesel-electric submarines specifically designed for
Australian conditions of long transit distances and diverse sea states, and thus represent an 'orphan' design with no evolved design to replace them. The submarines were enlarged and heavily modified versions of Swedish
807:
The second alternative is to operate a conventional diesel-electric submarine with sufficient fuel and battery power to transit the large operational ranges required by Australia, and to provide maximum range, endurance and stealth (operating underwater), before having to resurface to
877:
The 2009 defence white paper identified a land strike capability as an important addition to torpedo, mine and anti-ship missile weapons. In February 2015 the Australian Government identified its preference for the future submarines to have a US weapon system and heavyweight torpedo.
564:
Originally, the planned timeline called for concept work to start in 2009, preliminary designs to be established between 2011 and 2013, then detailed design work completed in time for construction to start in 2016. This was to ensure that the new class would be in service before the
762:
jointly developed between the United States and Australia would be the future submarines' preferred combat system and main weapon. The government also announced a three-way competition between ThyssenKrupp, the Thales-DCNS partnership and a Japanese design, while Saab was excluded.
981:, but was excluded from further consideration in February 2015 due to Sweden having not designed and built a submarine independently for twenty years. Pure MOTS submarines were initially ruled out by the project in March 2011, but were put back on the table in December 2011.
2689:
Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France Jean-Yves Le Drian; Minister for the Armed Forces of France Florence Parly; Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Women of Australia Marise Payne; Minister for Defence of Australia Peter Dutton (30 August 2021).
1083:
has predicted that the new submarines would cost over A$ 36 billion to design and build, with construction of each submarine valued between A$ 1.4 and A$ 3.04 billion. Government predictions in 2014 estimated a total cost of up to A$ 80 billion for 12
1281:
in Cornwall, England. The talks took place without Macron's knowledge. On the day the contract was cancelled, Morrison, Johnson and Biden jointly announced the creation of the AUKUS trilateral security pact. Morrison separately announced the contract cancellation.
1043:
class, would build the new submarines. In a May 2009 announcement about plans to release a request for tender, the Labor government indicated that if a company other than ASC was the successful tenderer, that company would be granted access to ASC's shipyard in
2169:
While criticism has been yielded as to the non-inclusion of Sweden's SAAB, the reality is that if only three candidates were to be chosen, the minister has made the correct decision. All three have pedigree, ongoing design and construction work and solid order
4521:
1216:
said that Australia now required a nuclear-powered submarine which has the advantages of greater speed, remaining underwater for longer and carrying heavier loads than a conventionally powered submarine, based on a change in the strategic situation in the
3071:
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A September 2012 weapons technology swap deal and a July 2014 agreement on the sharing of defence technology were seen as preliminary steps towards Australian-Japanese collaboration on a submarine design, or towards integrating technologies like the
4231:
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propulsion. The option of nuclear propulsion effectively gives submarines an unlimited range and endurance, only restrained by maintenance and human crew requirements for resupply and rest. It also removes the necessity for surfacing to recharge
832:
class, and French Scorpène class. Air independent propulsion performs the role of an auxiliary engine, providing submarines with increased stealth by allowing them to operate submerged for longer. The German Type 214 submarine employs advanced
667:
was also cited as a factor in the likeliness of such a deal, although with the caveat that a change in government in either nation would compromise any potential deal for construction, or the ongoing maintenance support of the submarines: the
1078:
replacement project was identified as the most expensive ever undertaken by the Australian Defence Force. In December 2010, an update to the 2009 Defence Capability Plan forecast the cost of the project as over A$ 10 billion. However, the
977:-class design was also considered in 2013 but was officially dropped from consideration in 2015, due to it being assessed that the work required equated to a brand new design. In addition, Saab pushed an enlarged variant of its Swedish
1626:
1052:
into new submarines as built, then added to existing submarines during refits. As of 2021, construction of the submarines was scheduled to begin in 2023. The SEA 1000 submarines were predicted to remain in service until the 2070s.
518:
The Submarine Institute of Australia released a report in July 2007 arguing that planning for the next generation of Australian submarines had to begin soon if they were to be replaced by the 2020s. In December 2007, a month after
3170:
2984:
1321:
said that Australia told France one hour before the public announcement of the cancellation. He called the decision to cancel the contract and the secret AUKUS negotiations a "stab in the back". He said in regards to
430:
design incorporating a large fuel load, large engines and sufficient batteries to transit these long distances; technological improvements since then have enabled smaller diesel-electric submarines such as the German
4525:
1000:
design (a diesel-electric variant of the Barracuda-class nuclear submarine under construction for the French Navy) to the Australia's Department of Defence. It includes a Government to Government Agreement from the
4296:
4358:
1590:
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class were scheduled to begin leaving service. Although there was speculation at the time that the Australian government would purchase directly from Japanese shipbuilders, in January 2015, Defence Minister
2639:
4239:
750:
Government announced three key strategic considerations that would be taken into account in the competitive evaluation process: that the future submarines would have a similar range and endurance to the
2699:
1103:
was estimated at A$ 25 billion. European shipbuilder offers in 2014 were valued by the shipbuilders as costing around $ A20 billion or otherwise being competitive with the Japanese valuation.
816:
class, possessing a large diesel electric engine, fuel load and sufficient batteries capable of transporting the submarines to their operational areas, without having to resurface for extended periods.
1898:
797:(Australia would be the only non-nuclear nation to operate nuclear submarines), related issues of operational sovereignty were Australia to operate an American nuclear-powered submarine such as the
1012:
DCNS was chosen by the Australian Government on 26 April 2016 to build 12 of the Shortfin Barracuda Block 1A variant at a projected A$ 50 billion. Much of the works were to be undertaken in
3569:
3436:
4494:
2901:
556:
328:
1557:
691:
By November 2014, initial capabilities had not been decided on, and recommendations were to be made throughout 2015. In December 2014, the Australian Coalition government ruled out using a
3017:
1616:
984:
Evolved designs of the Scorpène class were offered, while ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, in additions to options for an evolved Type 214, proposed the development of a brand new design, the
3162:
1019:
According to the Royal Australian Navy the Shortfin Barracuda would displace 4,500 tons (surfaced), measure 97 m (318 ft) in length, have an 8.8 m (29 ft) beam, use
3657:
4466:
1035:
The ASC shipyard in Osborne, South Australia. The original intention was to build the new submarines at this government-owned shipyard, even if ASC was not the successful tenderer.
2980:
2957:
2108:
1957:
3070:
Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson; President of the United States of America Joseph R. Biden (15 September 2021).
3039:
Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson; President of the United States of America Joseph R. Biden (16 September 2021).
2400:
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3690:
4304:
3722:
4919:
4914:
3402:
2183:
2504:
In France last night, Mr Turnbull officially opened the Future Submarine Project at Cherbourg where the design work is underway for the next generation of submarines
423:, Australian submarines have to transit long distances to reach some of their potential patrol areas. This requirement for range and endurance resulted in the 1980s
1300:(LEU) at less than 6% enrichment. However, French reactor designs have to be refuelled every ten years, and Australia does not have a civil nuclear capability with
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4443:
3237:
2782:
3621:
3204:
2691:
2612:
1648:
1023:
propulsion, have a range of 18,000 nautical miles, a top speed of greater than 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), an endurance of 80 days and a crew of 60.
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4378:
1906:
2454:
571:
3311:
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4847:
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and requested assistance from the UK and the US in acquiring nuclear-powered submarines. A trilateral discussion was held between British prime minister
2374:
2299:
1995:
4398:
4333:
4276:
3428:
1232:
Morrison said when announcing the contract cancellation that Australia had "advised Naval Group and of course, the Government of France and President
3376:
3072:"Remarks by President Biden, Prime Minister Morrison of Australia, and Prime Minister Johnson of the United Kingdom Announcing the Creation of AUKUS"
1006:
4924:
2847:
1549:
1286:
4598:
3513:
3462:
1107:
In 2020 the Department of Finance indicated that the real cost would be in excess of $ 80 billion, which had been known as early as October 2015.
793:, an unstealthy and risky process. Australian governments have repeatedly rejected the nuclear propulsion option due to the lack of an Australian
3912:
3008:
1285:
Under the AUKUS pact, the US and UK will share nuclear propulsion technology with Australia, as they have with each other since 1958 under the
4063:
1418:
4542:
4503:
3821:
3647:
3341:
3104:
1080:
1002:
2921:
1965:
3952:
1304:. In contrast, American and British designs power the submarines for the expected life of the submarines using nuclear reactors fuelled by
720:
411:– requiring the submarines to handle significant variances in temperature, salinity, density, and climate. Australian submarines provide a
2740:
1326:
alliance partners the US and the UK that "In a real alliance you talk to each other, you don't hide things, you respect the other party."
812:
and recharge batteries. Previously, this design brief led to the construction of a relatively large conventionally powered submarine, the
4133:
3570:"Sous-marins/Australie : Pour le Sénat, certains alliés se " comportent comme des adversaires et non comme des concurrents loyaux ""
865:
The Australian Government's announcement on 20 February 2015 that the future submarines would have a similar range and endurance to the
724:
493:
446:
class. It has also been noted that the transit distances Australian submarines travel could be reduced by operating the submarines from
283:(RAN), expected to enter service in the early 2030s with construction extending until 2050. The project, which would have replaced the
3932:
3048:
2948:
2873:
3280:
4152:
3792:
3766:
3488:
2824:
2776:
2404:
2141:
1100:
340:
announced a competitive evaluation process between competing Japanese, French, and German designs. On 26 April 2016, Prime Minister
4524:(Press release). Offices of the Prime Minister, Minister for Defence, and Minister for Defence Materiel. 3 May 2012. Archived from
2283:
643:-class replacement, leading to criticism that the Japanese submarines did not have the range or endurance that Australia required.
3680:
2317:
776:
Deciding the future submarines' propulsion system is closely tied to determining its operational range, underwater endurance, and
4108:
997:
685:
524:
520:
345:
3712:
1700:
3856:
2520:
1509:
301:
Australia's unique operating environment (including significant variations in ocean climate and conditions) and rejection of
4256:
608:
3596:"Annulation par l'Australie du contrat de sous-marins : le Sénat dénonce une décision grave aux conséquences lourdes"
535:
922:
carrying surveillance and intelligence-gathering equipment. The submarines would likely be fitted with the United States
1354:
welcomed the settlement and stated that France was willing to rebuild its relationship with Australia. In addition, the
539:
395:
Australian diesel-electric submarines operate in a wide range of geographic and oceanographic conditions, from the cold
4423:
2086:
3230:
2763:
1355:
1096:
1039:
Initially, the Australian government promised that the government-owned ASC, the company responsible for building the
705:
4211:
2643:[Submarines: the end of the "contract of the century" with Australia is a blow to the image of Naval Group].
962:
955:
929:
There were four possible routes for the SEA 1000 project to take, in order of increasing design complexity and risk:
613:
4153:"Submarine program: Japan, France, Germany to compete for build process; Government promises hundreds of local jobs"
3193:
1652:
298:
90 billion and would have been the largest and most complex defence acquisition project in Australian history.
4883:
3369:
Validation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium as a Replacement for Highly Enriched Uranium in US Submarine Reactors
1301:
825:
794:
701:
655:
1928:
4807:
4752:
4190:
1621:
681:
302:
3875:
Kerr, Julian (7 December 2009). "Australia tests the water for its largest-ever defence procurement challenge".
3543:
1400:
1031:
3976:
Scott, Richard (14 January 2010). "Horns of a dilemma: Project SEA 1000 seeks to balance technology and risk".
3303:
1259:
1256:
1200:
To act against aggressively with armed force. She would have been the second vessel in the RAN named "Attack".
1175:
1045:
934:
923:
834:
798:
534:-class replacement (designated SEA 1000) had commenced. The SEA 1000 project office was established within the
317:
316:
to their deployment areas. In the early phases of the project, four design options were identified: purchase a
4173:
2296:
4859:
4606:
4406:
4341:
1548:
Prime Minister; Minister for Defence; Minister for Foreign Affairs; Minister for Women (16 September 2021).
1370:
1305:
639:
class, throughout 2014 there was increasing speculation that a Japanese design had been pre-selected as the
576:
424:
284:
93:
331:
announced that a new class of twelve submarines would be built. The selected design was to be built at the
17:
4664:
3367:
2640:"Sous-marins : la fin du "contrat du siècle" avec l'Australie porte un coup à l'image de Naval Group"
669:
623:
in 2014. The Japanese submarines had been widely speculated as the forerunner for the replacement project.
436:
3753:
1236:
of that decision". He later said that he had tried to call the President hours before the announcement.
954:
Designs initially considered for the various MOTS routes included the German-designed Type 214, Japan's
790:
677:
673:
280:
83:
2902:"'Lost the plot': How an obsession with local jobs blew out Australia's $ 90 billion submarine program"
1088:
derivatives built by ASC, although ASC contested this with claims of a cost of A$ 18–24 billion.
309:-class, the world's largest diesel-electric submarines, capable of transiting the long distances from
4875:
4722:
1550:"Australia to pursue Nuclear-powered Submarines through new Trilateral Enhanced Security Partnership"
1378:
1351:
1297:
1263:
966:
804:, rendering it dependent on American technical support, and public opposition to nuclear technology.
4573:
3986:
3163:"Australia considered buying nuclear submarines from France before ditching deal, Peter Dutton says"
590:
30:
This article a about a specific class of submarines. For the general class of attack submarines see
1617:"Eight submarines, three decades, up to $ 368 billion: Australia's historic AUKUS plan at a glance"
1343:
1251:
917:, 2008. An evolved Type 214 was one of the options under consideration for the replacement program.
851:
543:
218:
18,000 nmi (33,000 km; 21,000 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
125:
4550:
4134:"German shipbuilders ThyssenKrupp convinced they remain in race for Australian submarine contract"
3334:
3097:
1958:"Japan To Make Major Switch on Sub Propulsion: Lithium-ion Batteries Will Power Soryu-class Boats"
3717:
2237:
1318:
985:
910:
777:
738:
734:
692:
593:
432:
3960:
2600:
German shipbuilders ThyssenKrupp convinced they remain in race for Australian submarine contract
1885:
1296:
Australia considered purchasing French nuclear submarines which use nuclear reactors fuelled by
869:
class increased the likelihood that an evolved MOTS or completely new design would be selected.
2922:"Scott Morrison says he called Emmanuel Macron before pulling out of French submarine contract"
2732:
704:
stated that the government was still considering the options offered by European shipbuilders:
4710:
4696:
4509:
4499:
4232:"Defence Minister David Johnston won't rule out dumping plans to build submarines in Adelaide"
3997:
3827:
3817:
3798:
3788:
3762:
2772:
1461:
828:
which is used in a number of modern submarine designs including the German Type 214, Japanese
809:
781:
570:
design phase. The initial phase would encompass studies to select the new submarines' design,
412:
380:
337:
120:
3130:
2981:"The nuclear option: why has Australia ditched the French submarine plan for the Aukus pact?"
2664:
1510:"Australian submarines to be built in Adelaide after French company DCNS wins $ 50b contract"
1361:
announced plans to travel to France to repair bilateral relations between the two countries.
4043:
4023:
3489:"Biden and UK to help Australia acquire nuclear-powered submarines in new pushback on China"
3040:
2363:
Defence Minister David Johnston won't rule out dumping plans to build submarines in Adelaide
1358:
1327:
820:
A further innovation in diesel electric propulsion which might have been considered for the
341:
160:
31:
3902:
Kerr, Julian (13 April 2012). "Sea 1000: Australia's Future Submarine is slow to surface".
3266:
503:-class submarines have a predicted operational life of around 30 years, with the lead boat
348:, a conventionally-powered variant of the Barracuda-class nuclear submarine by French firm
4638:
4592:
2303:
2249:
2094:
1576:
1453:
1331:
1233:
785:
759:
527:
447:
320:(MOTS) design, modify a MOTS design for Australian conditions, design an evolution of the
157:
3884:
Kerr, Julian (22 December 2010). "Australia publishes second update to capability plan".
2848:"Australia's next submarine fleet faces criticism over rising costs and milestone delays"
2814:
858:-class replacement may have operated battery technology superior to that of the existing
3231:
Life-of-the-Ship Reactors and Accelerated Testing of Naval Propulsion Fuels and Reactors
2087:'The characteristic is secrecy': Behind the scenes on Japan's state-of-the-art submarine
1861:
Offices of the Prime Minister, Minister for Defence, and Minister for Defence Materiel,
1055:
In July 2017, Malcolm Turnbull opened the Future Submarine Project office in Cherbourg.
4064:"Defence Minister promises 'conservative' approach to submarines following tour of ASC"
3262:
2810:
2728:
2090:
1591:"Australia confirms landmark nuclear submarine deal and it's 'China's worst nightmare'"
1278:
1225:
class would have been "the most capable and lethal conventional submarine ever built."
1213:
396:
376:
360:
349:
336:
end of 2014, operational capabilities had still not been defined. In February 2015 the
260:
Mark 48 MOD 7 heavyweight torpedo, Harpoon anti-ship missiles or Mk III Stonefish mines
4116:
3681:"France commits to rebuilding relationship with Australia after failed submarine deal"
4908:
4891:
4624:
3602:(Press release) (in French). Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee. 16 September 2021
2403:(Press release). Office of the Hon Kevin Andrews MP. 20 February 2015. Archived from
2227:
2076:
Defence Minister promises 'conservative' approach to submarines following tour of ASC
1401:"Australia signs $ 50 billion submarine contract with France after two-year squabble"
1290:
1270:
978:
728:
695:
process to identify a new submarine design, blaming the limited time left before the
664:
417:
372:
310:
2521:"Future submarines renamed 'Attack class' but concerns remain about project rollout"
1460:. Vol. 59, no. 7. Canberra: Department of Defence. 5 May 2016. p. 3.
4617:
1266:
1218:
905:
713:
587:
504:
368:
1110:
From the original €35 billion cost, only €8 billion would go to French companies.
49:
3811:
4675:
4652:
4645:
4631:
3403:"Australia tore up French submarine contract 'for convenience' Naval Group says"
3276:
3009:"Liz Truss defies EU backlash over submarine pact with vow to fight for freedom"
1347:
1171:
1167:
660:
561:
conflict, and the greater deterrent an increased submarine force would provide.
469:
404:
363:
announced the cancellation of the contract with Naval Group and the creation of
353:
332:
65:
4084:
3622:"France recalls its ambassadors to US and Australia in submarine deal backlash"
460:
4703:
4689:
4682:
3913:"Analysis: European yards face Soryu-shaped hurdle to replacing Collins class"
3595:
2949:"'Declaration of war': how UK's secret nuclear pact blindsided Europe's elite"
1575:
This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under a
837:
fuel cells that assist in delivering it comparable range and endurance to the
709:
4513:
4001:
3831:
3802:
1465:
1062:
class in December 2018, with the first of class to have been designated HMAS
4740:
4733:
3987:"Procuring Change: How Kockums was Selected for the Collins Class Submarine"
2573:
Australia tests the water for its largest-ever defence procurement challenge
1274:
408:
400:
384:
276:
106:
4467:"Australian-made submarines substantially cheaper than government suggests"
2473:"Australia and Naval Group ink agreement on Attack-class submarine program"
2027:
Analysis: European yards face Soryu-shaped hurdle to replacing Collins clas
940:
Develop a modified MOTS design to better suit Australian service conditions
4822:
4815:
3463:"Aukus: France's ambassador recall is 'tip of the iceberg', say analysts"
2588:
Australian-made submarines substantially cheaper than government suggests
1020:
1013:
1009:(DGA) with a binding written agreement for aspects of the deliverables.
628:
4840:
3959:. London: The Institution of Engineering and Technology. Archived from
3648:"Australia reaches settlement with France over scrapped submarine deal"
3304:"Astute vs Virginia: Which navy has the best nuclear attack submarine?"
1571:
489:
2455:"It's full steam ahead for Australia's submarine construction project"
2109:"Abbott leadership crisis: PM woos MPs with $ 20bn submarine contract"
672:
has a greater interest in supporting local shipbuilding than Abbott's
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
3335:
The UK Naval Nuclear Propulsion Programme and Highly Enriched Uranium
3098:
The UK Naval Nuclear Propulsion Programme and Highly Enriched Uranium
2318:"France wins $ 50b contract to help build Australia's new submarines"
2226:
Buckingham, John; Hodge, Christopher; Hardy, Timothy (January 2008).
2208:
996:
On 30 November 2015, DCNS with Thales delivered its proposal for the
3933:"Submarine chief: Canberra to get recommendations in next 12 months"
3429:"French MoD Sets the Record Straight on Australian Submarine Affair"
2823:(Interview). Interviewed by Jane Marwick. Perth, Western Australia.
1346:
government agreed a €555 million ($ 583.58 million) settlement with
538:
in October 2008, and was being jointly administered with Defence's
3996:. 2001–02 (4). Canberra: Department of the Parliamentary Library.
2040:
Submarine chief: Canberra to get recommendations in next 12 months
1996:"Abbott's plunge into submarine market is a risk we cannot afford"
1245:
1030:
904:
854:
technology was being planned for submarines by Japan in 2014. The
607:
459:
364:
3783:
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008).
3514:"Macron to speak to Biden for first time since submarine dispute"
1701:"Beyond the Collins Class: what next for Australia's submarines?"
1495:
1493:
3652:
2946:
Bodkin, Henry; Samuel, Henry; Crisp, James (19 September 2021).
2613:"Defence knew submarines would cost almost $ 80b five years ago"
1323:
914:
4596:
3787:(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
754:
class, superior sensor performance and stealth compared to the
4854:
3953:"Australia seeks partners to build next-generation submarines"
3685:
3271:
2819:
1293:, begun in September 2021 with assistance from the US and UK.
3679:
Engels, Jorge; Kwon, Jake; Ravindran, Jeevan (11 June 2022).
3236:(Report). Federation of American Scientists. pp. 11–12.
3857:"After Collins: Australia's submarine replacement programme"
2351:
Australia seeks partners to build next-generation submarines
295:
4495:
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030
3129:
Galliford, Claire; Rohweder, LT Sarah (17 September 2021).
780:. Two basic options are presented in submarine propulsion:
557:
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030
4314:"Choice of navy's new submarine is a $ 20bn guessing game"
4191:"Japan and Australia to Cooperate on New Submarine Design"
2692:"Inaugural Australia-France 2+2 Ministerial Consultations"
1984:
After Collins: Australia's submarine replacement programme
1951:
1949:
1458:
Navy News: Official Newspaper of the Royal Australian Navy
741:, Commander Takehiko Hirama, and several other personnel.
4577:
3194:"The Feasibility of Ending HEU Fuel Use in the U.S. Navy"
2771:. Auditor-General Report No.22 2019-20. pp. 28, 30.
2229:
Submarine Power and Propulsion – Trends and Opportunities
1419:"Australia to spend $ 90B for 12 Attack-class Submarines"
3192:
Philippe, SĂ©bastien; von Hippel, Frank (November 2016).
635:
class, and superior range and endurance compared to the
4297:"Home-built submarines deemed too expensive, too risky"
3813:
More than an ally?: contemporary Australia-US relations
2401:"Strategic Direction of the Future Submarine Programme"
2163:
Patrick, Rex (24 March 2015). "Submarine v Submarine".
2134:"Strategic Direction of the Future Submarine Programme"
4541:
Malcolm Turnbull MP (Prime Minister) (26 April 2016).
4295:
Nicholson, Brendan; Wallace, Rick (9 September 2014).
3893:
Kerr, Julian (12 January 2012). "Wave of the future".
3713:"Australia agrees payout to end France submarine spat"
1577:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
1255:
reported that in March 2021 the Australian navy chief
850:
to operate with greatly improved range and endurance.
4359:"Joe Hockey rules out open tender for new submarines"
4115:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
2874:"Attack class woes not all that is happening on subs"
2182:
Dibb, Paul; Brabin-Smith, Richard (19 January 2012).
1688:
Home-built submarines deemed too expensive, too risky
712:
of Sweden, and a partnership of the French companies
379:, and Australia, that will help Australia to acquire
4277:"New subs to be built in Adelaide whatever the pick"
3487:
Liptak, Kevin; Vazquez, Maegan (16 September 2021).
2762:
Australian National Audit Office (14 January 2020).
2561:
Australia publishes second update to capability plan
631:
submarine has comparable range and endurance to the
4868:
4833:
4806:
4751:
4721:
4663:
4605:
4379:"Australia gingerly mulls Japanese submarine offer"
4377:Scott, Jason; Reynolds, Isabel (19 December 2014).
4334:"Labor reneges on submarine promise to builder ASC"
4230:McGuire, Michael; Shepherd, Tony (28 August 2014).
3785:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
3103:(Report). University of York, UK. pp. 3, 4–5.
2052:
Joe Hockey rules out open tender for new submarines
1726:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
4522:"Next stage of future submarine project announced"
3375:(Masters). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
3007:
2947:
2900:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2638:
2430:New subs to be built in Adelaide whatever the pick
1929:"Inquiry rejects 'inadequate' Japanese sub option"
2339:Labor reneges on submarine promise to builder ASC
2064:Australia gingerly mulls Japanese submarine offer
1212:of the Future Submarine program." Prime Minister
988:, to specifically match Australian requirements.
210:In excess of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
124:89.7 billion (2020) for twelve units +
2184:"We need submarines, not subservience to the US"
1863:Next stage of future submarine project announced
1651:. asiapacificdefencereporter.com. Archived from
1479:
1477:
1475:
1229:failure to place most of the work in Australia.
596:was appointed as Head Future Submarine Program.
387:, expected to enter service in the early 2040s.
4210:McDonald, Hamish; Snow, Deborah (9 July 2012).
3846:"Future Force: Australia's 21st century navy".
3456:
3454:
2765:Future Submarine Program - Transition to Design
2424:
2422:
2274:
2272:
2264:Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century
2021:
2019:
2017:
1888:, Official Biography (RAN), accessed 2021-09-19
1845:Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century
1816:Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
4424:"Japan Gains Edge in Australia Submarine Deal"
2333:
2331:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
475:. The SEA 1000 project was to replace the six
442:to achieve similar range and endurance as the
4109:"Are leaky Collins class subs all washed up?"
4085:"More problems with Collins class submarines"
3340:(Report). University of York, UK. p. 4.
8:
4257:"Sub fleet carries $ 36b price tag: experts"
2297:DCNS delivers proposal for future submarines
2282:. Sky News. 25 February 2015. Archived from
583:during their construction and early career.
4444:"Japan tech deal could help power our subs"
4174:"Australia and Japan to Ink Submarine Deal"
1956:Kallender-Umezu, Paul (29 September 2014).
1752:More problems with Collins class submarines
1342:On 11 June 2022, Australia's newly-elected
1262:met in London with his British counterpart
992:Selected: Shortfin Barracuda (France; DCNS)
572:Defence Science and Technology Organisation
18:Collins-class submarine replacement project
4593:
4332:Owen, Michael; Akerman, Pia (5 May 2009).
4044:"4.6m for next generation submarine study"
2549:Sub fleet carries $ 36b price tag: experts
2375:"Cormann says no open chequebook for subs"
2280:"Sweden barred from Australia sub program"
1763:
1761:
1759:
1330:, chairman of the Committee of the French
1317:the program." The French foreign minister
254:8 Ă— 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes
3542:Staunton, Eglantine (24 September 2021).
1857:
1855:
1853:
4920:Abandoned military projects of Australia
2846:Donnellan, Angelique (20 January 2021).
2637:Bezat, Jean-Michel (16 September 2021).
2543:
2541:
2466:
2464:
1978:
1976:
1804:4.6m for next generation submarine study
1122:
499:. Built during the 1990s and 2000s, the
194:Diesel electric with lead acid batteries
4915:Submarines of the Royal Australian Navy
4599:Submarines of the Royal Australian Navy
4576:. Department of Defence. Archived from
4312:Nicholson, Brendan (19 November 2014).
3537:
3535:
3427:Vavasseur, Xavier (21 September 2021).
2899:Galloway, Anthony (13 September 2021).
2582:
2580:
1392:
727:(ABC) to tour the newest of the class,
275:was a planned class of French-designed
4275:Nicholson, Brendan (28 January 2010).
4255:Nicholson, Brendan (30 October 2009).
4024:"New subs unlikely to go nuclear: ADA"
3439:from the original on 21 September 2021
3347:from the original on 17 September 2021
3314:from the original on 17 September 2021
3283:from the original on 27 September 2021
3243:from the original on 20 September 2021
3173:from the original on 17 September 2021
3110:from the original on 17 September 2021
3051:from the original on 27 September 2021
3020:from the original on 23 September 2021
2987:from the original on 23 September 2021
2960:from the original on 24 September 2021
2920:Borys, Stephanie (19 September 2021).
2827:from the original on 27 September 2021
2805:
2803:
2788:from the original on 17 September 2021
2743:from the original on 27 September 2021
2702:from the original on 25 September 2021
2306:, DCNS media release, 30 November 2015
2245:
2235:
1589:Maiden, Samantha (16 September 2021).
1560:from the original on 27 September 2021
758:class, and that the combat system and
510:due to be decommissioned around 2025.
38:
4397:Stewart, Cameron (29 December 2007).
3156:
3154:
3152:
3006:Malnick, Edward (19 September 2021).
2658:
2656:
2654:
2488:"ASD upgrade to bolster terror fight"
2074:Australian Broadcasting Corporation,
1095:-class submarines, built in Japan by
1081:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
359:On 16 September 2021, Prime Minister
327:In 2009, the Australian Government's
7:
4574:"SEA1000 Australia's New Submarines"
4492:Department of Defence (2 May 2009).
3985:Woolner, Derek (18 September 2001).
3401:Shepherd, Tory (29 September 2021).
3161:Shepherd, Tory (17 September 2021).
2611:Anthony Galloway (13 October 2020).
721:Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force
294:. In 2020 it was estimated to cost
4442:Wallace, Rick (27 September 2012).
4107:Fowler, Andrew (25 February 2003).
3957:Engineering and Technology Magazine
3761:. Canberra: Australian Government.
3461:Willsher, Kim (19 September 2021).
3382:from the original on 1 October 2021
2979:Hurst, Daniel (18 September 2021).
2471:Vavasseur, Xavier (23 March 2021).
1615:Galloway, Anthony (14 March 2023).
1287:1958 US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement
725:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
27:Canceled Australian submarine class
4132:Jennett, Greg (17 December 2014).
3951:Pultarova, Tereza (28 July 2014).
3544:"AUKUS: France's strategic outcry"
3041:"Joint Leaders Statement on AUKUS"
2815:"Interview with Jane Marwick, 6PR"
2733:"Press Conference - Canberra, ACT"
2519:Keane, Daniel (13 December 2018).
1905:. 7 September 2014. Archived from
1629:from the original on 15 March 2023
937:(MOTS) design without modification
186:8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)
25:
4212:"Submarines no longer all at sea"
3931:Kerr, Julian (13 November 2014).
3816:. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate.
3725:from the original on 11 June 2022
3693:from the original on 11 June 2022
3660:from the original on 11 June 2022
3302:Husseini, Talal (15 April 2019).
3267:"Interview with Ben Fordham, 2GB"
3210:from the original on 28 June 2021
2453:Ferguson, Gregor (2 March 2021).
1899:"Navy to get Japanese submarines"
1101:Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation
542:. In February 2009, Rear Admiral
178:97 m (318 ft 3 in)
4465:Wroe, David (20 November 2014).
4357:Owens, Jared (2 December 2014).
3911:Kerr, Julian (22 October 2014).
3855:Hardy, James (23 October 2014).
3229:Moore, Dr. George (March 2017).
1570:
1499:2009 defence white paper, p. 70.
1007:Direction générale de l'armement
950:Design an entirely new submarine
684:is less likely to risk than the
530:announced that planning for the
76:
48:
4549:(Press release). Archived from
4422:Taylor, Rob (2 December 2014).
3333:Ritchie, Nick (February 2015).
3096:Ritchie, Nick (February 2015).
2696:Department of Defence Ministers
1875:Submarines no longer all at sea
676:government, while a souring of
546:was appointed as project head.
324:class, or create a new design.
3752:Department of Defence (2016).
3576:(in French). 16 September 2021
3263:Morrison, Prime Minister Scott
2811:Morrison, Prime Minister Scott
2486:Benson, Simon (10 July 2017).
2107:Kelly, Joe (8 February 2015).
1699:John Thornton (31 July 2011).
784:propulsion, and conventional,
723:allowed a journalist from the
1:
4498:. Commonwealth of Australia.
4399:"Defence to reach new depths"
4172:Keck, Zachary (8 July 2014).
4083:Coleman, Matt (10 May 2000).
3937:IHS Jane's Navy International
3917:IHS Jane's Navy International
3861:IHS Jane's Navy International
3628:. France24. 17 September 2021
3518:France24 with AFP and Reuters
2729:Prime Minister Scott Morrison
2316:Wroe, David (26 April 2016).
1649:"WHAT LIES BENEATH? Sea 1000"
536:Defence Materiel Organisation
4189:LaGrone, Sam (7 July 2014).
3978:International Defence Review
3275:(Interview). Interviewed by
1003:Ministry of the Armed Forces
913:at the HDW building yard in
835:polymer electrolyte membrane
663:and Japanese Prime Minister
577:problems experienced by the
540:Capability Development Group
453:in Darwin, rather than HMAS
4547:Prime Minister of Australia
3980:. Jane's Information Group.
3906:. Jane's Information Group.
3897:. Jane's Information Group.
3888:. Jane's Information Group.
3879:. Jane's Information Group.
3045:Prime Minister of Australia
2878:Australian Defence Magazine
2737:Prime Minister of Australia
1886:Rear Admiral Gregory Sammut
1769:Defence to reach new depths
1554:Prime Minister of Australia
1097:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
998:Shortfin Barracuda Block 1A
943:Design an evolution of the
706:ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems
4941:
4925:Australia–France relations
4543:"Future Submarine Program"
4486:Press releases and reports
1350:. French defense minister
1243:
1119:Estimated dates in Italics
891:Land attack cruise missile
826:air independent propulsion
719:In mid-December 2015, the
656:air-independent propulsion
381:nuclear-powered submarines
305:had led it to operate the
29:
4471:The Sydney Morning Herald
4261:The Sydney Morning Herald
4216:The Sydney Morning Herald
3904:Jane's Navy International
3877:Jane's Navy International
3810:Kelton, Maryanne (2008).
3626:FRANCE 24 with AFP and AP
2983:. No. The Guardian.
2907:The Sydney Morning Herald
2322:The Sydney Morning Herald
1686:Nicholson & Wallace,
1622:The Sydney Morning Herald
1356:Australian Prime Minister
1308:(HEU) at 93% enrichment.
1302:nuclear energy prohibited
1154:
1091:An unspecified number of
745:2015 policy announcements
682:Democratic Party of Japan
303:nuclear marine propulsion
148:
56:
47:
3755:2016 Defence White Paper
3520:. MSN. 22 September 2021
3366:Hanlon, Brendan (2015).
2361:McGuire & Shepherd,
1485:2016 Defence White Paper
1058:The class was named the
767:Technical considerations
550:2009 defence white paper
416:submarines operate from
292:Future Submarine program
4428:The Wall Street Journal
2663:Royal Australian Navy.
2508:(subscription required)
2302:8 December 2015 at the
2262:Department of Defence,
2232:. BMT Defence Services.
1970:Captcha must be solved.
1843:Department of Defence,
1814:Department of Defence,
1483:Department of Defence,
1306:highly enriched uranium
824:-class replacement was
688:government led by Abe.
290:, began in 2007 as the
149:General characteristics
2062:Scott & Reynolds,
1454:"Superior sub-mission"
1036:
961:, the French-designed
935:Military-Off-The-Shelf
918:
795:nuclear power industry
670:Australian Labor Party
624:
480:
457:in Western Australia.
399:to the tropics of the
318:military off-the-shelf
244:AN/BYG-1 combat system
3895:Jane's Defence Weekly
3886:Jane's Defence Weekly
3265:(17 September 2021).
3135:Department of Defence
3131:"Navy enters new era"
2813:(16 September 2021).
2731:(16 September 2021).
1873:McDonald & Snow,
1168:Naval Group Australia
1034:
908:
760:Mark 48 Mod 7 torpedo
678:China-Japan relations
611:
463:
281:Royal Australian Navy
84:Royal Australian Navy
4409:on 24 September 2008
4197:. US Naval Institute
2954:The Sunday Telegraph
2337:Owen & Akerman,
1968:on 28 February 2015.
1298:low-enriched uranium
1277:and Morrison at the
1074:When announced, the
873:Weapons capabilities
627:Although the German
525:Minister for Defence
4553:on 20 December 2016
4307:on 25 January 2017.
4119:on 13 November 2007
2407:on 25 February 2015
1847:, pgs. 38, 64, 70–1
1407:. 11 February 2019.
1279:June 2021 G7 summit
1114:Submarines in class
1016:, South Australia.
852:Lithium-ion battery
654:s Kockums-designed
586:In September 2013,
329:defence white paper
44:
4887: (naval base)
4242:on 20 January 2015
4159:. 20 February 2015
4030:. 16 December 2007
3963:on 20 January 2015
3848:Australian Warship
3201:Arms Control Today
2665:"Attack Class SSG"
2442:Horns of a dilemma
2381:. 24 February 2015
2097:, 14 December 2015
2002:. 16 February 2015
1832:Australian Warship
1319:Jean-Yves Le Drian
1037:
973:class. An evolved
919:
911:Type 214 submarine
909:A German designed
739:commanding officer
686:Liberal Democratic
625:
521:coming into office
481:
433:Type 214 submarine
356:), as the winner.
346:Shortfin Barracuda
241:processing systems
39:
4902:
4901:
4869:Bases and tenders
4505:978-0-642-29702-0
4176:. thediplomat.com
4070:. 22 January 2015
4050:. 17 October 2008
3823:978-0-7546-7367-5
3047:(Press release).
2739:. Canberra, ACT.
2698:(Press release).
2209:"Siemens Website"
1556:(Press release).
1352:SĂ©bastien Lecornu
1204:
1203:
969:, and an evolved
888:Anti-ship missile
737:and speak to the
733:, at its base at
680:is something the
600:Speculation of a
468:-class submarine
338:Abbott government
288:-class submarines
266:
265:
103:Succeeded by
43:-class submarine
16:(Redirected from
4932:
4834:Other submarines
4594:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4580:on 20 April 2018
4562:
4560:
4558:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4517:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4448:
4447:(behind paywall)
4438:
4436:
4434:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4405:. Archived from
4393:
4391:
4389:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4340:. Archived from
4328:
4326:
4324:
4308:
4303:. Archived from
4291:
4289:
4287:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4238:. Archived from
4226:
4224:
4222:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3991:
3981:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3907:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3851:
3840:Journal articles
3835:
3806:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3721:. 11 June 2022.
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3656:. 11 June 2022.
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3550:. Lowy Institute
3539:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3308:Naval Technology
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3198:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3158:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3102:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3011:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2307:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2286:on 13 July 2015.
2276:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1964:. Archived from
1953:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1933:Financial Review
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1909:on 26 March 2016
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1771:
1765:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1739:Procuring Change
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
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1711:
1705:The Conversation
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1409:
1408:
1397:
1382:-class submarine
1374:-class submarine
1359:Anthony Albanese
1328:Christian Cambon
1123:
653:
440:-class submarine
342:Malcolm Turnbull
273:-class submarine
170:4,500 t surfaced
161:attack submarine
123:
82:
80:
79:
52:
45:
32:Attack submarine
21:
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4113:The 7:30 Report
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3548:The Interpreter
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3137:(Press release)
3128:
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3076:The White House
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2304:Wayback Machine
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2095:ABC News Online
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2015:
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1724:Dennis et al.,
1723:
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1516:. 26 April 2016
1508:
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1416:
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1367:
1340:
1314:
1273:, US president
1248:
1242:
1209:
1116:
1072:
1029:
994:
926:combat system.
903:
898:
875:
847:
786:diesel-electric
774:
769:
747:
651:
606:
552:
528:Joel Fitzgibbon
516:
514:Project history
393:
367:, a trilateral
240:
191:Installed power
158:Diesel-electric
119:
77:
75:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4938:
4936:
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4603:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4568:
4567:External links
4565:
4564:
4563:
4538:
4528:on 27 May 2012
4518:
4504:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4462:
4451:The Australian
4439:
4419:
4403:The Australian
4394:
4374:
4363:The Australian
4354:
4344:on 6 June 2009
4338:The Australian
4329:
4318:The Australian
4309:
4301:The Australian
4292:
4281:The Australian
4272:
4252:
4236:The Advertiser
4227:
4207:
4186:
4169:
4149:
4129:
4104:
4080:
4060:
4040:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
3994:Research Paper
3982:
3973:
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3899:
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3872:
3852:
3841:
3838:
3837:
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2891:
2880:. 8 April 2021
2865:
2838:
2799:
2777:
2754:
2713:
2681:
2650:
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2603:
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2576:
2564:
2552:
2537:
2511:
2492:The Australian
2478:
2460:
2445:
2433:
2418:
2392:
2379:The Australian
2366:
2354:
2342:
2327:
2308:
2289:
2268:
2255:
2218:
2200:
2188:The Australian
2174:
2165:The Advertiser
2155:
2125:
2113:The Australian
2099:
2091:Matthew Carney
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2013:
1987:
1972:
1945:
1920:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1849:
1836:
1820:
1807:
1795:
1772:
1755:
1743:
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1501:
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1471:
1428:
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1339:
1336:
1313:
1310:
1260:Michael Noonan
1244:Main article:
1241:
1238:
1214:Scott Morrison
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1181:Projected 2023
1178:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
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1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1115:
1112:
1071:
1068:
1028:
1025:
993:
990:
965:, the Spanish
963:Scorpène class
952:
951:
948:
941:
938:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
874:
871:
846:
843:
773:
770:
768:
765:
746:
743:
605:
604:class decision
598:
551:
548:
515:
512:
397:Southern Ocean
392:
389:
377:United Kingdom
361:Scott Morrison
344:announced the
264:
263:
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117:
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91:
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73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
57:Class overview
54:
53:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4937:
4926:
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4507:
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4429:
4425:
4420:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4364:
4360:
4355:
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4339:
4335:
4330:
4319:
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4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4241:
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4233:
4228:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4196:
4195:news.usni.org
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4017:News articles
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3995:
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3814:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3794:9780195517842
3790:
3786:
3781:
3770:
3768:9780994168054
3764:
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3157:
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3149:
3136:
3132:
3125:
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3106:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3019:
3015:
3014:The Telegraph
3010:
3002:
2999:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2939:
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2800:
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2780:
2778:9781760335175
2774:
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2592:
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2577:
2574:
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2402:
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2222:
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2214:
2210:
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2201:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2144:on 9 May 2016
2143:
2139:
2138:Kevin Andrews
2135:
2129:
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2110:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2092:
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2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1655:on 9 May 2016
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:. 4 May 2020.
1424:
1423:Defense World
1420:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1373:
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1368:
1364:
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1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
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1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1291:Jonathan Mead
1288:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Boris Johnson
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:The Telegraph
1247:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:and that the
1220:
1215:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:Commissioned
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1108:
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1077:
1069:
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1056:
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1049:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
991:
989:
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982:
980:
979:A26 submarine
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
958:
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946:
942:
939:
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844:
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836:
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792:
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766:
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744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:Kevin Andrews
698:
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689:
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679:
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650:
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589:
584:
582:
580:
573:
568:
562:
559:
558:
549:
547:
545:
544:Rowan Moffitt
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
522:
513:
511:
509:
508:
502:
498:
496:
495:Västergötland
491:
486:
479:-class boats.
478:
474:
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467:
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458:
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390:
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382:
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374:
373:United States
370:
369:security pact
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
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343:
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315:
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308:
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289:
287:
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274:
272:
259:
257:28 torpedoes:
256:
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4653:
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4625:
4618:
4607:
4582:. Retrieved
4578:the original
4555:. Retrieved
4551:the original
4546:
4530:. Retrieved
4526:the original
4493:
4474:. Retrieved
4470:
4454:. Retrieved
4450:
4431:. Retrieved
4427:
4411:. Retrieved
4407:the original
4402:
4386:. Retrieved
4382:
4366:. Retrieved
4362:
4346:. Retrieved
4342:the original
4337:
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4305:the original
4300:
4284:. Retrieved
4280:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:
4244:. Retrieved
4240:the original
4235:
4219:. Retrieved
4215:
4199:. Retrieved
4194:
4178:. Retrieved
4161:. Retrieved
4156:
4141:. Retrieved
4137:
4121:. Retrieved
4117:the original
4112:
4096:. Retrieved
4091:
4088:(Transcript)
4072:. Retrieved
4067:
4052:. Retrieved
4047:
4032:. Retrieved
4027:
4005:. Retrieved
3993:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3961:the original
3956:
3940:. Retrieved
3936:
3920:. Retrieved
3916:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3860:
3850:(50): 24–31.
3847:
3812:
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3754:
3727:. Retrieved
3716:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3684:
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3651:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3616:
3604:. Retrieved
3599:
3590:
3580:16 September
3578:. Retrieved
3573:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3547:
3522:. Retrieved
3517:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3467:The Guardian
3466:
3443:22 September
3441:. Retrieved
3432:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3407:The Guardian
3406:
3396:
3386:27 September
3384:. Retrieved
3368:
3361:
3351:27 September
3349:. Retrieved
3328:
3318:23 September
3316:. Retrieved
3307:
3297:
3287:27 September
3285:. Retrieved
3270:
3257:
3247:30 September
3245:. Retrieved
3224:
3214:20 September
3212:. Retrieved
3200:
3187:
3177:27 September
3175:. Retrieved
3167:The Guardian
3166:
3139:. Retrieved
3134:
3124:
3114:27 September
3112:. Retrieved
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3075:
3065:
3055:25 September
3053:. Retrieved
3044:
3034:
3024:24 September
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
3001:
2991:24 September
2989:. Retrieved
2974:
2964:24 September
2962:. Retrieved
2953:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:
2915:
2906:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2877:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2851:
2841:
2831:27 September
2829:. Retrieved
2818:
2792:28 September
2790:. Retrieved
2764:
2757:
2747:27 September
2745:. Retrieved
2736:
2706:25 September
2704:. Retrieved
2695:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:
2647:(in French).
2644:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2587:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2514:
2503:
2496:. Retrieved
2491:
2481:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:the original
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2338:
2321:
2311:
2292:
2284:the original
2263:
2258:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2168:
2167:. Adelaide.
2164:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2137:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1990:
1983:
1966:the original
1962:Defense News
1961:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:the original
1902:
1893:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1844:
1839:
1831:
1828:Future Force
1827:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1768:
1751:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1687:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:the original
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1620:
1610:
1600:16 September
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1584:
1564:25 September
1562:. Retrieved
1553:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1484:
1457:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1379:
1371:
1341:
1315:
1295:
1284:
1267:Tony Radakin
1257:Vice Admiral
1250:
1249:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:Indo-Pacific
1210:
1207:Cancellation
1192:
1187:
1180:
1160:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1106:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1027:Construction
1018:
1011:
995:
983:
974:
970:
956:
953:
944:
928:
920:
876:
866:
864:
859:
855:
848:
838:
829:
821:
819:
813:
806:
799:
778:stealthiness
775:
755:
751:
748:
729:
718:
708:of Germany,
696:
690:
648:
645:
640:
636:
632:
626:
620:
614:
601:
588:Rear Admiral
585:
578:
566:
563:
555:
553:
531:
517:
506:
500:
494:
488:shipbuilder
484:
482:
476:
471:
465:
454:
449:
443:
437:
425:
419:
394:
371:between the
358:
326:
321:
312:
306:
300:
291:
285:
270:
269:
267:
239:Sensors and
167:Displacement
107:
94:
40:
36:
4860:Ghost Shark
4557:19 December
4383:Japan Times
4163:21 February
4123:2 September
4094:. ABC Radio
3774:19 December
3689:. Reuters.
3277:Ben Fordham
2547:Nicholson,
2530:17 December
2428:Nicholson,
2411:25 February
2349:Pultarova,
2246:|work=
2213:Siemens USA
1595:News.com.au
1487:, pp. 91–92
1348:Naval Group
1172:ASC Pty Ltd
661:Tony Abbott
591:Greg Sammut
354:Naval Group
333:ASC Pty Ltd
90:Preceded by
66:Naval Group
4909:Categories
4640:Dechaineux
4456:24 January
4286:29 January
4266:30 October
4074:22 January
4007:23 January
3741:References
3718:Al Jazeera
3433:Naval News
3279:. Sydney.
2852:730 Report
2674:9 November
2622:13 October
1818:, pp. 70–1
1802:ABC News,
1338:Settlement
1197:Cancelled
1141:Delivered
1135:Laid down
967:S-80 class
901:Candidates
772:Propulsion
716:and DCNS.
665:ShinzĹŤ Abe
619:submarine
505:HMAS
470:HMAS
450:Coonawarra
448:HMAS
435:and Dutch
418:HMAS
409:Timor Seas
391:Background
311:HMAS
277:submarines
231:Complement
199:Propulsion
4584:4 October
4514:426475923
4476:3 January
4433:5 January
4388:5 January
4368:3 January
4323:5 January
4246:3 January
4221:3 January
4143:5 January
4098:19 August
4002:1328-7478
3967:3 January
3942:3 January
3922:3 January
3866:3 January
3832:181424108
3803:271822831
3632:6 October
3606:6 October
3554:6 October
3524:6 October
3498:6 October
3472:6 October
3412:1 October
3141:2 October
3081:2 October
2931:6 October
2884:7 October
2858:7 October
2598:Jennett,
2248:ignored (
2238:cite book
1903:NewsComAu
1767:Stewart,
1750:Coleman,
1737:Woolner,
1466:223485215
1388:Citations
1344:Labor-led
1275:Joe Biden
1150:Namesake
1138:Launched
845:Batteries
791:batteries
674:Coalition
554:The 2009
413:deterrent
385:SSN-AUKUS
223:Endurance
141:Cancelled
108:SSN-AUKUS
72:Operators
4893:Stirling
4885:Platypus
4879:(tender)
4877:Platypus
4626:Farncomb
4413:25 April
4157:ABC News
4138:ABC News
4068:ABC News
4048:ABC News
4028:ABC News
3723:Archived
3691:Archived
3658:Archived
3437:Archived
3377:Archived
3342:Archived
3312:Archived
3281:Archived
3238:Archived
3205:Archived
3171:Archived
3105:Archived
3049:Archived
3018:Archived
2985:Archived
2958:Archived
2926:ABC News
2825:Archived
2783:Archived
2741:Archived
2700:Archived
2645:Le Monde
2525:ABC News
2494:. Sydney
2300:Archived
1792:Sea 1000
1728:, p. 138
1633:17 March
1627:Archived
1558:Archived
1514:ABC News
1365:See also
1312:Reaction
1155:Batch 1
1132:Builder
1129:Pennant
1021:pump-jet
1014:Adelaide
986:Type 216
924:AN/BYG-1
800:Virginia
629:Type 214
455:Stirling
420:Stirling
313:Stirling
279:for the
249:Armament
202:Pump-jet
62:Builders
4808:E class
4753:J class
4619:Collins
4608:Collins
3729:12 June
3697:11 June
3664:11 June
2617:The Age
2498:10 July
2440:Scott,
2266:, p. 81
2050:Owens,
2000:The Age
1982:Hardy,
1834:, p. 24
1405:Reuters
1372:Dolphin
1264:Admiral
1176:Osborne
1147:Status
1086:Collins
1076:Collins
1046:Osborne
1041:Collins
975:Collins
971:Collins
945:Collins
882:Torpedo
867:Collins
862:class.
860:Collins
856:Collins
841:class.
839:Collins
822:Collins
814:Collins
810:snorkel
782:nuclear
756:Collins
752:Collins
735:Yokoska
730:Kokuryū
697:Collins
641:Collins
633:Collins
579:Collins
567:Collins
532:Collins
507:Collins
501:Collins
490:Kockums
485:Collins
477:Collins
466:Collins
444:Collins
426:Collins
405:Arafura
322:Collins
307:Collins
286:Collins
226:80 days
133:Planned
95:Collins
4849:Remora
4677:Onslow
4666:Oberon
4654:Rankin
4647:Sheean
4633:Waller
4532:3 June
4512:
4502:
4201:8 July
4180:8 July
4054:3 June
4034:3 June
4000:
3830:
3820:
3801:
3791:
3765:
2775:
2586:Wroe,
2571:Kerr,
2559:Kerr,
2385:14 May
2193:14 May
2170:books.
2148:14 May
2118:14 May
2038:Kerr,
2025:Kerr,
2006:14 May
1938:14 May
1913:14 May
1790:Kerr,
1741:, p. 7
1710:14 May
1659:14 May
1520:14 May
1464:
1332:Senate
1234:Macron
1223:Attack
1161:Attack
1064:Attack
1060:Attack
933:Buy a
896:Design
714:Thales
693:tender
617:-class
472:Rankin
438:Walrus
428:-class
407:, and
383:: the
375:, the
271:Attack
175:Length
128:(est.)
81:
41:Attack
4742:Oxley
4735:Otway
4726:class
4712:Oxley
4705:Ovens
4698:Otway
4691:Otama
4684:Orion
4668:class
4610:class
4348:5 May
3990:(PDF)
3759:(PDF)
3746:Books
3600:SĂ©nat
3380:(PDF)
3373:(PDF)
3345:(PDF)
3338:(PDF)
3241:(PDF)
3234:(PDF)
3208:(PDF)
3197:(PDF)
3108:(PDF)
3101:(PDF)
2854:. ABC
2786:(PDF)
2769:(PDF)
1830:, in
1246:AUKUS
1240:AUKUS
1193:2030s
1188:2030s
1126:Name
1093:Sōryū
959:class
957:Sōryū
947:class
830:Sōryū
802:class
652:'
649:Sōryū
637:Sōryū
621:Unryū
615:Sōryū
602:Sōryū
581:class
497:class
401:Coral
365:AUKUS
352:(now
215:Range
207:Speed
110:class
97:class
4724:Odin
4586:2013
4559:2016
4534:2012
4510:OCLC
4500:ISBN
4478:2015
4458:2014
4435:2015
4415:2009
4390:2015
4370:2015
4350:2009
4325:2015
4288:2010
4268:2009
4248:2015
4223:2015
4203:2014
4182:2014
4165:2015
4145:2015
4125:2009
4100:2009
4076:2015
4056:2012
4036:2012
4009:2015
3998:ISSN
3969:2015
3944:2015
3924:2015
3868:2015
3828:OCLC
3818:ISBN
3799:OCLC
3789:ISBN
3776:2016
3763:ISBN
3731:2022
3699:2022
3666:2022
3653:CNBC
3634:2021
3608:2021
3582:2021
3556:2021
3526:2021
3500:2021
3474:2021
3445:2021
3414:2021
3388:2021
3353:2021
3320:2021
3289:2021
3249:2021
3216:2021
3179:2021
3143:2021
3116:2021
3083:2021
3057:2021
3026:2021
2993:2021
2966:2021
2933:2021
2886:2021
2860:2021
2833:2021
2794:2021
2773:ISBN
2749:2021
2708:2021
2676:2019
2624:2020
2532:2018
2500:2017
2413:2015
2387:2016
2250:help
2195:2016
2150:2016
2120:2016
2008:2016
1940:2016
1915:2016
1712:2016
1661:2016
1635:2023
1602:2021
1566:2021
1522:2016
1462:OCLC
1380:Orka
1324:NATO
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