370:
institutions in
California. Legislation in 1997 providing "authorization for continuation of the Reform Act was vetoed due to political pressures and concerns about the level of fees, the way in which Council staff was carrying out its responsibilities, and the absence of an administrative appeals" process. In a meeting of the ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION the veto of CPPVE was said to be caused by unfairly high fees charged to smaller institutions and "vindictiveness by Council staff" to institutions that didn't comply. With new legislation in 1997 "the Legislature created the Bureau for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education" within the Department of Consumer Affairs, and transferred "responsibility for administration of the Reform Act from the Council to the Bureau" placing CPU under the authority of the
374:(BPPVE). Staffing and funding of the Bureau was transitioned over a period of years such that the Council continued to operate until 2005 and BPPVE ceased operation in 2007 due to a sunset clause in the law. California Department of Education Private Postsecondary Education Division also ceased operation in 2007. Institutions that were in good standing with BPPVE were allowed to continue operation under existing approvals that were valid for two years, until the (BPPE) "Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education came into existence on January 1, 2010, following passage of Assembly Bill 48, known as the California Private Postsecondary Education Act of 2009" (California Education Code, Title 3, Division 10, Part 59, Chapter 8).
66:
440:
dissertations do not require statistical analysis". In "Error of Fact No. 28" and "Error of Fact No. 31", regarding CPPVE's finding that a Ph.D. dissertation was submitted in
Spanish and reviewed by faculty who could not speak the language, CPU responded that the indicated student "provided an authenticated English translation" and had been working with a Spanish-fluent mentor who resided in
123:
25:
409:
inspectors discovered eight permitless dormitories on CPU founder Les Carr's property. Marin County officials cited Carr for "multiple zoning, safety, and health violations". Carr was forced to remove the dormitories, as well as to remove references to the property as "a retreat center on a beautiful
1372:
March 2006, Issue 10) state: "Anodea's background includes a Master's degree in
Clinical Psychology from Rosebridge School of Integrative Therapy, a doctorate in Health and Human Services, (focused on mind-body health) from Columbia Pacific University, with additional doctoral work in Systems Theory
482:
Superior Court ordered the school be shut down, also levying $ 10,000 in fines against CPU for its "deceptive and unfair practices" in operating without authorization and failing to disclose its status to prospective students during the appeals process. Judge Lynn Duryee noted in her decision that
369:
California passed the
Private Postsecondary Education Act, changing state regulations for approved schools in 1989. This law established the Council for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education (CPPVE) as the single State agency responsible for reviewing and approving private postsecondary
439:
CPU's response argued that the CPPVE Visiting
Committee's review of CPU dissertations was based on superficial judgments. In "Error of Fact No. 27", for example, CPU's response says that the complaint about the lack of "evidence of competency in statistical research" was erroneous because "many
435:
On
November 15, 1995, CPU submitted a response challenging the CPPVE findings. CPU's response argued that the CPPVE's August report "is grossly in error in most details, as documented in the 86 errors of fact enumerated", and therefore argued that the CPPVE report was "utterly unreliable as an
413:
An August 1995 site visit committee of the
Council for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education found that CPU had not met the new regulations. It failed the 1995 visit on the basis of 88 points. The council's review of CPU listed numerous violations of academic standards, including:
474:
which has been preying on
California consumers for too many years" and "a consumer fraud, a complete scam". The suit also referred to Columbia Pacific University as a "phony operation" offering "totally worthless ...to enrich its unprincipled promoters".
1444:
424:"One dissertation "had no hypothesis, no data collection, and no statistical analysis. A member of the visiting committee characterized the work as more like a project paper at the college freshman level." The dissertation,
483:"The decision is not whether or not the students are dissatisfied... I mean that is not the test. It's like saying, you know, that prostitution should not be illegal because the customers are satisfied. It's not the test."
418:"One master's-degree student was given credit for "a learning contract describing how he would continue taking dance lessons and watch dance demonstrations in order to improve his skills as a Country Western dancer.""
390:
371:
1449:
455:
CPU administrators appealed the decision to close the school, but an administrative court judge ruled against the appeal on June 10, 1997. Among other items, the administrative appeals judge found that CPU:
1439:
378:
537:
California recognizes CPU degrees earned before June 25, 1997, as "legally valid" for use in the state. CPU degrees earned on or after June 25, 1997, are "not legally valid" for use in
California.
1290:
1454:
386:
357:
Section 94310(b)'s statutory requirement of being "consistent in quality with curricula offered by appropriate established accredited institutions which are recognized by the
1350:
1212:
675:
1459:
38:
1464:
1329:
NETNOTES: Columbia
Pacific University Alumni Info: John Gray, PhD, recognized by Columbia Pacific University alumni for contributions to public discourse
1198:
1408:
702:
543:: "Please note that individual degree programs that have not been accredited by the recognized programmatic accrediting body might not be accepted."
587:
1167:
1089:
1057:
358:
1294:
529:
until 2007; CCWU was still operating in Malawi as of 2016. CPU founder Les Carr still serves as chairman of the board of trustees of CCWU.
187:
159:
661:
470:
In the state's 1997 lawsuit to compel CPU to close, California Deputy Attorney General Asher Rubin called the correspondence school "a
952:
350:
346:
276:
82:
1011:
Diploma Mills; Federal Employees Have Obtained Degrees from Diploma Mills and Other Unaccredited Schools, Some at Government Expense
978:
777:
224:
206:
104:
52:
1347:
166:
144:
137:
75:
1029:
86:
44:
431:"At least nine students who received the Ph.D. degree in 1994 had been enrolled less than 20 months, four of them less than 12."
730:
173:
1258:
493:
CPU alumni acquired all rights to the CPU name and registered a "Columbia Pacific University", a non-profit organization in
1331:
1266:
155:
385:. California laws were in transition for several years leaving the future of unaccredited institutions in doubt. Under
1216:
1151:
1107:
487:
1382:
1361:
353:
granted all of CPU's programs full institutional approval for a three-year period, ruling that CPU's curricula met
133:
1014:
382:
915:
479:
406:
642:
1401:
582:
570:
338:
1133:
180:
612:
561:: relationship consultant, lecturer and author, TV personality, relationship and personal growth adviser
526:
397:
to become accredited. BPPVE informational materials stated "Approval is not the same as accreditation."
389:
both accredited and non-accredited institutions may apply for approval to operate in California. Under
1174:
1093:
622:
421:"A Ph.D. dissertation written in Spanish was approved by four faculty who cannot speak the language."
1315:
1054:
1238:
576:
1387:
558:
521:
to operate as an accredited educational institution in the African nation. In 2001 CCWU moved to
394:
1077:
452:
CPPVE director Kenneth Miller issued CPU a Denial of Application for Approval in December 1995.
337:
In 1983, after four years of operating under a basic authorization licensing, CPU's programs in
858:
831:
1192:
506:
317:
662:
California Supreme Court Upholds Denial of Columbia Pacific University's Approval to Operate
522:
1026:
949:
1365:
1354:
1335:
1262:
1155:
1137:
1061:
1033:
1013:, Statement of Robert J. Cramer, Managing Director Office of Special Investigations, U.S.
982:
956:
859:"Approval by Means of Accreditation Overview - Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education"
734:
608:
602:
975:
410:
14-acre (57,000 m) ranch in northern Marin county" in CPU's promotional literature.
81:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
998:
1433:
676:"California State Department Of Education - Private Postsecondary Education Division"
593:
1017:, Testimony Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, May 11, 2004
703:"Guidelines for approval of specific degrees under Education code section 94310(b)"
471:
727:
1255:
747:
564:
549:: "Texas has recognized CPU degrees recognized by California as legally valid."
122:
1278:
1328:
342:
321:
885:
291:
278:
999:
Columbia Pacific University Response to the Report of the Visiting Committee
441:
1148:
1114:
1010:
460:
awarded excessive credit for prior experiential learning to many students;
1358:
616:
540:
494:
1239:"What Does a Man Want? Just Ask Best-Selling Author Barbara De Angelis"
324:. It was founded in 1978 and closed by California court order in 2000.
505:
Soon after CPU's closure in California, founder Les Carr relocated to
518:
1130:
922:
372:
California Bureau for Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education
1348:
The Illuminated Chakras - A Visionary Voyage into Your Inner World
546:
1445:
Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in the United States
1213:"THECB - Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas"
517:). Columbia Commonwealth University obtained approval from the
497:. Until 2007, the CPU Press continued its publication program.
486:
This appeal was lost in 2000 and CPU was ordered to close. The
349:
Private Postsecondary Education Division. On June 2, 1986, the
116:
59:
18:
466:
failed to meet various requirements for issuing PhD degrees.
836:
California State Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education
393:
state approval was, however, a prerequisite in order for a
1450:
Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in California
886:"Legislation - Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education"
804:
1383:
Bernard Meltzer, Dispenser Of Advice on Radio, Dies at 81
501:
Columbia Commonwealth University and CPU founder Les Carr
805:"Bureau for Private and Post-Secondary Education - BPPE"
1440:
Defunct private universities and colleges in California
1237:
Hubbard, Kim; Feldon-Mitchell, Leah (August 13, 1990).
755:
California Government Institute Of Educational Sciences
728:
Private Postsecondary and Vocational Reform Act of 1989
567:(Don Trent Jacobs), Native American educator and author
74:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
1090:"International Diploma Mills Grow with the Internet"
258:
250:
242:
1279:NETNOTES: Columbia Pacific University Alumni Info
976:Chileno doctor in trouble over 'phony' university
381:, nor did its approval serve as a substitute for
1357:(promotional website for a DVD she created) and
490:upheld the denial of CPU's approval to operate.
757:. California Postsecondary Education Commission
746:California Postsecondary Education Commission.
1291:"Automation Founders Circle: Dr. Hans Baumann"
1027:Ex-Chileno man moves 'diploma mill' to Montana
1455:Universities and colleges established in 1978
8:
971:
969:
945:
943:
811:. Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education
803:Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education.
674:California State Department Of Education -.
463:failed to employ duly qualified faculty; and
237:
1108:"Malawi High Commission – Note No. 32/2001"
1050:
1048:
1046:
436:objective and thorough evaluation of CPU".
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1346:Biographies of Anodea Judith as author at
709:. Private Postsecondary Education Division
701:California State Department of Education.
682:. Private Postsecondary Education Division
236:
950:Chileno man's 'diploma mill' ordered shut
401:Site visits and CPU's response: 1994–1995
345:received institutional approval from the
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
1256:Four Arrows (Don Trent Jacobs), PhD, EdD
921:. California State BPPVE. Archived from
776:ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION.
657:
655:
653:
651:
909:
907:
635:
611:, professor of community health at the
588:Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus
1197:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1190:
426:The Complete Guide to Glass Collecting
143:Please improve this article by adding
16:Distance learning school in California
1359:Fostering Healthy Chakras in Children
778:"AB 71 Assembly Bill - Bill Analysis"
359:United States Department of Education
7:
1460:Education in San Rafael, California
643:Columbia Pacific University website
579:, ecopsychologist, author, activist
400:
377:The BPPVE was not intended to be a
365:Changes to California licensing law
351:California Department of Education
347:California Department of Education
246:Non-traditional, distance learning
14:
1465:1978 establishments in California
34:This article has multiple issues.
511:Columbia Commonwealth University
121:
85:. Please discuss further on the
64:
23:
1414:from the original on 2015-06-09
832:"BPPE Answers On Accreditation"
707:requests.stanford.edu/requests/
333:Initial licensing in California
42:or discuss these issues on the
1370:Alternative Journal of Nursing
448:Closure and appeals: 1995–2000
1:
156:"Columbia Pacific University"
145:secondary or tertiary sources
1267:Fielding Graduate University
1245:. Vol. 34, no. 6.
784:. California State Assembly
625:, Jewish author and speaker
533:Legal status of CPU degrees
488:Supreme Court of California
310:Columbia Pacific University
238:Columbia Pacific University
1481:
1055:Sparsely, Sage and Timely
1015:General Accounting Office
890:www.bppe.ca.gov/lawsregs/
680:searchworks.stanford.edu/
645:, archived February 1999.
478:On December 2, 1999, the
383:educational accreditation
355:California Education Code
1373:at Saybrook University."
1334:January 9, 2016, at the
1149:CCWU administration page
863:www.bppe.ca.gov/schools/
892:. California State BPPE
865:. California State BPPE
830:California State BPPE.
782:www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/
596:, therapist, author of
573:, inventor and engineer
1120:on September 19, 2006.
1079:, By David V. Mitchell
292:38.07119°N 122.52872°W
132:relies excessively on
1293:. ISA. Archived from
809:California State BPPE
748:"California Law 1989"
613:University of Nairobi
527:Rock Springs, Wyoming
428:, was 61 pages long."
379:recognized accreditor
83:neutral point of view
1402:"Elizabeth Ngugi CV"
1096:on February 2, 2007.
1036:, By Gregory Foley,
623:Nathan Lopes Cardozo
297:38.07119; -122.52872
1001:, November 15, 1995
989:, December 24, 1997
963:, December 30, 1999
928:on January 29, 2007
664:, December 1, 2000.
577:Chellis Glendinning
525:, and was based in
395:private institution
288: /
239:
1388:The New York Times
1364:2011-07-07 at the
1353:2008-05-26 at the
1261:2016-01-01 at the
1154:2016-03-04 at the
1136:2015-02-03 at the
1068:, January 29, 2004
1060:2006-11-21 at the
1032:2001-04-27 at the
981:2005-10-15 at the
959:By Gregory Foley,
955:2005-08-09 at the
914:California BPPVE.
733:2008-10-26 at the
559:Barbara De Angelis
519:Republic of Malawi
1066:Point Reyes Light
1038:Point Reyes Light
987:Point Reyes Light
985:By Paul Neimann,
961:Point Reyes Light
884:California BPPE.
857:California BPPE.
605:, talk radio host
507:Missoula, Montana
318:distance learning
307:
306:
235:
234:
227:
217:
216:
209:
191:
115:
114:
107:
78:with its subject.
57:
1472:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1391:, March 27, 1998
1380:
1374:
1344:
1338:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1209:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1173:. Archived from
1172:
1164:
1158:
1146:
1140:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1113:. Archived from
1112:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:. Archived from
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1052:
1041:
1040:, March 22, 2001
1024:
1018:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
973:
964:
947:
938:
937:
935:
933:
927:
920:
911:
902:
901:
899:
897:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
752:
743:
737:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
671:
665:
659:
646:
640:
523:Jackson, Wyoming
303:
302:
300:
299:
298:
293:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
240:
230:
223:
212:
205:
201:
198:
192:
190:
149:
125:
117:
110:
103:
99:
96:
90:
76:close connection
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1366:Wayback Machine
1355:Wayback Machine
1345:
1341:
1336:Wayback Machine
1327:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1263:Wayback Machine
1254:
1250:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:"Archived copy"
1166:
1165:
1161:
1156:Wayback Machine
1147:
1143:
1138:Wayback Machine
1129:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1062:Wayback Machine
1053:
1044:
1034:Wayback Machine
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
983:Wayback Machine
974:
967:
957:Wayback Machine
948:
941:
931:
929:
925:
918:
913:
912:
905:
895:
893:
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
856:
855:
851:
841:
839:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
802:
801:
797:
787:
785:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
750:
745:
744:
740:
735:Wayback Machine
726:
722:
712:
710:
700:
699:
695:
685:
683:
673:
672:
668:
660:
649:
641:
637:
632:
609:Elizabeth Ngugi
603:Bernard Meltzer
555:
535:
503:
450:
403:
367:
335:
330:
296:
294:
290:
287:
282:
279:
277:
275:
274:
273:
272:
268:
264:
231:
220:
219:
218:
213:
202:
196:
193:
150:
148:
142:
138:primary sources
126:
111:
100:
94:
91:
80:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1393:
1375:
1339:
1321:
1307:
1282:
1271:
1248:
1229:
1204:
1159:
1141:
1131:CCWU info page
1123:
1099:
1081:
1070:
1042:
1019:
1003:
991:
965:
939:
903:
876:
849:
822:
795:
768:
738:
720:
693:
666:
647:
634:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
620:
606:
600:
598:Wheels of Life
591:
580:
574:
568:
562:
554:
553:Notable alumni
551:
534:
531:
502:
499:
468:
467:
464:
461:
449:
446:
433:
432:
429:
422:
419:
402:
399:
366:
363:
339:administration
334:
331:
329:
326:
305:
304:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
233:
232:
215:
214:
129:
127:
120:
113:
112:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1477:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1297:on 2011-06-07
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1219:on 2017-07-12
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1180:on 2011-06-28
1176:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:
946:
944:
940:
924:
917:
910:
908:
904:
891:
887:
880:
877:
864:
860:
853:
850:
837:
833:
826:
823:
810:
806:
799:
796:
783:
779:
772:
769:
756:
749:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
724:
721:
708:
704:
697:
694:
681:
677:
670:
667:
663:
658:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
639:
636:
629:
624:
621:
618:
614:
610:
607:
604:
601:
599:
595:
594:Anodea Judith
592:
590:
589:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
548:
544:
542:
538:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:, and formed
508:
500:
498:
496:
491:
489:
484:
481:
476:
473:
465:
462:
459:
458:
457:
453:
447:
445:
443:
437:
430:
427:
423:
420:
417:
416:
415:
411:
408:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
301:
271:United States
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
229:
226:
211:
208:
200:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158: –
157:
153:
152:Find sources:
146:
140:
139:
135:
130:This article
128:
124:
119:
118:
109:
106:
98:
88:
84:
79:
77:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1416:. Retrieved
1396:
1386:
1378:
1369:
1342:
1324:
1316:"Author bio"
1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1285:
1274:
1251:
1242:
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1207:
1182:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1162:
1144:
1126:
1115:the original
1102:
1094:the original
1084:
1073:
1065:
1037:
1022:
1006:
994:
986:
960:
930:. Retrieved
923:the original
894:. Retrieved
889:
879:
867:. Retrieved
862:
852:
840:. Retrieved
835:
825:
813:. Retrieved
808:
798:
786:. Retrieved
781:
771:
759:. Retrieved
754:
741:
723:
711:. Retrieved
706:
696:
684:. Retrieved
679:
669:
638:
597:
586:
585:, author of
571:Hans Baumann
545:
539:
536:
514:
510:
504:
492:
485:
480:Marin County
477:
472:diploma mill
469:
454:
451:
438:
434:
425:
412:
407:Marin County
404:
376:
368:
354:
336:
313:
309:
308:
221:
203:
197:January 2015
194:
184:
177:
170:
163:
151:
131:
101:
95:January 2015
92:
73:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
565:Four Arrows
295: /
283:122°31′43″W
1434:Categories
1301:2011-02-23
1223:2015-01-05
1184:2009-11-07
932:13 October
896:13 October
869:13 October
842:13 October
815:13 October
788:13 October
761:13 October
713:13 October
686:13 October
630:References
343:management
322:California
320:school in
280:38°04′16″N
267:California
167:newspapers
134:references
39:improve it
583:John Gray
442:Venezuela
405:In 1994,
254:1978–2000
87:talk page
45:talk page
1409:Archived
1362:Archived
1351:Archived
1332:Archived
1259:Archived
1193:cite web
1152:Archived
1134:Archived
1058:Archived
1030:Archived
979:Archived
953:Archived
731:Archived
617:HIV/AIDS
541:Michigan
495:Delaware
316:) was a
259:Location
1269:website
916:"BPPVE"
619:expert.
328:History
181:scholar
1418:14 Dec
1243:People
838:. BPPE
263:Novato
251:Active
183:
176:
169:
162:
154:
1412:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
1118:(PDF)
1111:(PDF)
926:(PDF)
919:(PDF)
751:(PDF)
547:Texas
391:BPPVE
188:JSTOR
174:books
1420:2019
1199:link
934:2015
898:2015
871:2015
844:2015
817:2015
790:2015
763:2015
715:2015
688:2015
615:and
515:CCWU
387:BPPE
341:and
243:Type
160:news
361:."
314:CPU
136:to
1436::
1407:.
1385:,
1265:,
1241:.
1195:}}
1191:{{
1064:,
1045:^
968:^
942:^
906:^
888:.
861:.
834:.
807:.
780:.
753:.
705:.
678:.
650:^
444:.
269:,
265:,
147:.
48:.
1422:.
1368:(
1318:.
1304:.
1226:.
1201:)
1187:.
936:.
900:.
873:.
846:.
819:.
792:.
765:.
717:.
690:.
513:(
312:(
228:)
222:(
210:)
204:(
199:)
195:(
185:·
178:·
171:·
164:·
141:.
108:)
102:(
97:)
93:(
89:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
