76:
389:, provides another open access fibre to home network, used by multiple ISPs to deliver service. Fibre is run alongside ESB Networks 230 V/400 V LV electricity distribution system, sharing underground ducts and poles, with fibre typically entering premises next to the electricity meter. This, similar to Eir's FTTH network, delivers speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s and is capable of delivery of 10 Gbit/s in the future.
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1634:
112:
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35:
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RTÉ both produces programmes and broadcasts them on television, radio and the
Internet in English and Irish. The radio service began on 1 January 1926, while regular television broadcasts began on 31 December 1961, making RTÉ one of the oldest continuously operating public service broadcasters in the
411:
Meteor and Eir Mobile were the first to launch 4G LTE services in
Ireland on 26 September 2013, followed by Vodafone on 14 October 2013, and Three on 27 January 2014. O2 was due to launch its 4G services later in 2014, but plans were put on hold when its acquisition by Three was approved in May, and
281:
Eir's dominance has reduced and by Q3 2019 operators other than eir accounted for 61% of the Irish fixed voice market retail revenue and 54.7% market share by fixed-line retail and wholesale revenue and 80.9% of the mobile market (excluding mobile broadband and machine-to-machine subscriptions) or
308:
Ireland's telecommunications network is a modern digital system connected by an extensive national fibre optic network with multiple high-capacity fibre optic links to the UK, Continental Europe, North
America and with dedicated capacity on routes to Asia and other parts of the globe. There is an
499:
The original network was taken over by the Irish
Department of Posts and Telegraphs (P&T) from the British Post Office in 1921 and used a mixture of manual and step-by-step automatic exchanges. Development of the network was relatively stagnant with slow rollout of automatic switching using
343:(DWDM) which is capable of delivering up to 320 Gbit/s along a single fibre route. This upgrade also sees Eir's core infrastructure moving to an all-IP network. It has major aggregation nodes at 140 locations around Ireland and onward fibre connections to another 470 central office sites.
728:
Cable systems operate using the DVB-C standard and
Satellite is broadcast using DVB-S/S2. Some areas still carry a range of cable channels in analogue PAL-I format. Although, this is normally just a legacy service provided by default. It is not possible to subscribe to analogue cable as a new
785:
became the first privately owned commercial TV station and it remains the main free-to-air service after RTÉ. Competition also comes from
British public and private terrestrial TV. Satellite and cable TV are widely available. There are also non-commercial community and special interest radio
674:
for its members in
Ireland. The INEX switching centres are located in five secure data centres in Dublin and one in Cork: TeleCity Group in Kilcarbery Park, Dublin 22 & TeleCity Group in Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24 and Interxion DUB1, and Interxion DUB2 in Park West, and Vodafone
444:
As mobile phone services become more price competitive, more Irish customers are opting to drop landline services. This is reflected by a sharp fall in the number of fixed line channels in use and an equivalent increase in mobile subscriptions. Details are tracked on ComReg's ComStat website
229:
operate in a regulated competitive market that provides customers with a wide array of advanced digital services. This article explores
Ireland's telecommunications infrastructure including: fixed and mobile networks, The voice, data and Internet services, cable television, developments in
780:
sectors in
Ireland. The first commercial radio stations began broadcasting in 1989. Prior to 1989 hundreds of pirate radio stations were a mainstay of radio listener-ship, particularly in Dublin, and a handful of pirate stations continue to operate illegally today. In 1998
724:
Television in
Ireland is broadcast using DVB-T using the common platform specifications defined by NorDig which apply in the Nordic countries and Ireland. Video is encoded using the MPEG4 system. The analogue PAL-I broadcasting system is no longer on air.
512:
facility. ITT Pentaconta crossbar switches, built by CGCT (Compagnie générale de constructions téléphoniques) were also used in some areas. This saw significant improvements to many services, but the network was still quite underdeveloped in rural areas.
374:
which provides speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s down and 100 Mbit/s up. They also provide an extensive vectored VDSL2 based FTTC access network, using the legacy copper network. This offers speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s down and 20 Mbit/s up.
558:
3G services launched in 2004 (Vodafone Ireland) and other networks quickly followed suit, and 4G launched in 2013 (Meteor) and is now available on most networks. Meteor was bought out by Eir in 2005 and eventually rebranded as Eir in 2017.
524:
E10 switches both of which were manufactured at facilities in Ireland. This saw a total transformation of the telephone network with modern automatic and digital services reaching even the most rural parts of Ireland by the mid-1980s.
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is required for any address at which there is a television set or device that is not exempt. The annual licence fee is €160. The licence is free to senior citizens (to anyone over the age of 70, some over 66), some
889:
129:
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84.4% of total subscriptions. Other operators accounted for 68.6% of retail fixed broadband subscriptions (comprising cable, FTTH, FTTC/VDSL and ADSL) and 57.3% of retail FTTP subscriptions
1286:"USD PPP for Eircom Next Generation Broadband Basic (512 kbit/s up, 8.2 Mbit/s down) as reported in question 4e, OECD Fixed Broadband basket low 2", OECD Broadband statistics
912:
415:
In 2016, 41.9% of Ireland's mobile subscriptions were using 4G technology. 3G remained the dominant technology with 44.6% share, however, it is likely to be overtaken by 4G in 2017.
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1818:
1622:
642:
1022:
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Clonshaugh as well as at CIX, Hollyhill, Cork T23 R68N. The switches are connected by dedicated resilient fibre links. In June 2015 it listed 74 full and 21 associate members.
260:) is the regulator of both public and commercial broadcasting sector in Ireland. It was established on 1 October 2009, replacing the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BCI) (
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operators that operate mobile phone services using one of these infrastructure providers' radio networks. The three infrastructure owning networks are
155:
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841:. Trial service began on 29 October 2010 with full service to the public from May 2011. Analogue television transmissions ended on 24 October 2012.
310:
245:
848:. SAORSAT delivers Irish television services to the 1% to 2% of homes that are not covered by the SAORVIEW Digital Terrestrial Television service.
2149:
1921:
336:. Eir's fibre network is the most extensive covering most parts of the country with 12,000 km of fibre routes (>40,000 km of fibres)
1103:
3225:
340:
162:
3220:
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2008:
2003:
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1608:
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615:. By the end of 2011 Eircom announced that 75% of its working lines would be connected to Next Generation Broadband (NGB) enabled exchanges.
412:
from the time of the merger in 2015, previous O2 customers gained 4G coverage through Three's network, albeit with initial service problems.
1184:
352:
These networks can be used by any licensed Irish telecommunications operator to provide commercial or residential end users with products.
144:
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2088:
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62:
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operates a national FM network and DAB services. However, most independent FM stations own their own broadcasting infrastructure.
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2414:
2216:
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1998:
1978:
1958:
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world. Some RTÉ services are only funded by advertising, while other RTÉ services are only funded by the television licence fee.
757:
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1973:
393:
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2159:
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2023:
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94 Irish towns and cities also have access to publicly owned, carrier-neutral metropolitan fibre networks managed by Enet.
169:
2997:
2078:
2028:
1988:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1911:
1906:
1901:
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The fixed-line network is now made up of multiple operators using a diverse range of digital technologies including VoIP.
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2121:
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2240:
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2018:
2013:
1993:
1963:
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A typical monthly broadband Internet subscription cost $ 26.02 in 2011, 14% less than the average of $ 30.16 for the 34
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1983:
1953:
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710:
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733:
652:, the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, outlined a national broadband plan with goals of:
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Internet users: 3.6 million, 77% of the population, 70th in the world (2011); 3.0 million, 67th in the world (2009)
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122:
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453:
397:
321:
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1506:
1064:"MOBILE network Three became the first operator in Ireland to offer 4G service to prepay and billed customers"
288:
remains the largest telecommunications company in Ireland, offering fixed, mobile, and broadband services. As
378:
Retail services using this next-generation access infrastructure are provided by approximately 15 operators.
244:
Telecommunications, including radio frequency spectrum licensing and the postal sector, are regulated by the
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FTTC - VDSL up to 100 Mbit/s down 20 Mbit/s up (several providers - vectoring technology is used)
275:
has overall responsibility for national policy and regulation of both telecommunications and broadcasting.
3013:
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1400:
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Ireland has three mobile networks that own and operate their own network infrastructure and a number of
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1023:"eircom Group First to Launch 4G Mobile in Ireland | Press Releases | Eircom Press Room"
500:
step-by-step exchanges until after WWII. From 1957 onwards, P&T began to roll out more modern
3066:
3023:
2954:
2824:
2754:
2729:
2664:
2511:
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SAORSAT is Ireland's national free-to-air digital satellite television service, also operated by
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289:
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2925:
2888:
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1288:, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, September 2011, updated 18 July 2012
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70 to 100 Mbit/s broadband service available to at least 50 per cent of the population,
457:
405:
386:
2739:
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2362:
2325:
1403:, Irish Statute Book, Office of the Attorney General, Government of Ireland, 12 July 2009
1377:, Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland, 1 August 2012, retrieved 3 March 2013
1374:
1355:
1336:
765:
501:
2337:
17:
637:
Mobile broadband - UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G) services are available from several providers.
89:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2744:
2714:
2589:
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2310:
857:
737:
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Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) - various technologies in use - mostly used in rural areas.
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ADSL - up to 24 Mbit/s - (several providers and unbundled services are available.)
521:
371:
261:
253:
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For residential and small business providers, most major urban areas have access to
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Ireland also has major connections to multiple international fibre optic networks.
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a minimum of 30 Mbit/s available to everyone, no matter how rural or remote.
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2352:
1745:
1237:"Quarterly Key Data Report Q3 2020 | Commission for Communications Regulation"
1125:"Quarterly Key Data Report Q3 2020 | Commission for Communications Regulation"
1108:. Dublin, Ireland: Commission for Communications Regulation. 2017. p. 60.
745:
472:
325:
313:. However, the fixed-line market is still dominated by the incumbent operator
1488:
1090:"Three Ireland to extend free 4G for a year – O2 customers to finally get 4G"
3154:
2619:
2434:
1776:
1429:
861:
682:(ISPAI) listed 24 Internet access and hosting providers as members in 2012.
382:
329:
278:
The telecommunications market in Ireland was opened to competition in 1998.
1467:
1437:
1358:, Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland, retrieved 3 March 2013
690:
1367:
230:
next-generation networks and broadcast networks for radio and television.
3149:
3139:
3056:
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2704:
1147:"What is moneyline bet? Which are the best stas and mobile pay websites?"
793:
741:
505:
1264:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State
659:
at least 40 Mbit/s available to at least a further 20 per cent, and
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https://www.comreg.ie/industry/electronic-communications/data-portal/
364:
292:, the company was state owned until 1999, when it was floated on the
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694:
3159:
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2404:
873:
320:
Several companies operate national fibre optic networks including
3101:
1740:
1348:
890:
List of television channels available in the Republic of Ireland
468:
2205:
1800:
1604:
1507:"SAORVIEW Launches Public Information Campaign | SAORVIEW"
986:
732:
Radio is broadcast primarily using FM 88-108 MHz. Digital
2347:
1212:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, retrieved 28 February 2013
1001:"open eir - connecting Ireland with superfast fibre broadband"
808:
593:
540:
105:
69:
28:
817:
309:
open and competitive telecommunications market regulated by
1258:"Ireland: Freedom of Speech and Press and Internet Freedom"
1000:
363:
network which provides speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s using
273:
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment
580:
Fixed broadband subscriptions: 1,506,832 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
1276:, Commission for Communications Regulation, 20 April 2012
1050:"Vodafone's 4G network to go live in Ireland this Monday"
814:
583:
Mobile broadband subscriptions: 323,530 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
248:(ComReg). ComReg was established on 1 December 2002. The
1595:
1562:"Personal Customers / Pay for your TV licence – Ireland"
1387:
1146:
628:
Cable - Speeds of up to 360 Mbit/s - Main provider
516:
Digital switching was introduced in 1980 using Ericsson
434:
Fixed telephone lines in use 1,168,591 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
437:
Mobile cellular telephones: 5,182,682 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
1201:
1199:
1197:
1185:
Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2011
670:(INEX) is an industry-owned association that provides
643:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
599:
Broadband Internet access is available in Ireland via
1105:
Irish Communications Market Quarterly Key Data Report
974:
826:
805:
586:
Internet hosts: 1.4 million, 40th in the world (2012)
448:
There are three mobile telecommunications providers:
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1320:, Internet Neutral Exchange, retrieved 3 March 2013
802:
136:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1339:, Internet Neutral Exchange, retrieved 1 June 2015
1262:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011
987:"Broadband and Home Phone Bundle Deals | UPC"
680:Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland
467:(Mobile Network Virtual Operators), such as: 48,
429:List of dialling codes in the Republic of Ireland
339:Eir's Next Generation Network upgrade rolled out
577:Dial-up subscriptions: 11,437 (Q4 2012 ComStat)
543:services from Eircell launched on 1 July 1993.
370:Open Eir is also in the process of rolling out
240:Television licensing in the Republic of Ireland
145:"Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland"
3304:Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
2217:
1812:
1616:
8:
425:Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland
3232:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
913:"Irish telecom market opens to competition"
555:launched its UMTS 3G-only service in 2005.
551:in 2001 (having been licensed in 1998) and
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3268:
2224:
2210:
2202:
1819:
1805:
1797:
1720:
1651:
1623:
1609:
1601:
1528:"Analogue switch off has finally happened"
952:. Nextgenerationnetwork.ie. Archived from
531:Ireland's first mobile telephone network,
3309:Communications in the Republic of Ireland
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:Learn how and when to remove this message
1596:Commission for Communications Regulation
689:
246:Commission for Communications Regulation
905:
618:Currently available services (Q3 2014)
535:, went live in 1986 using the analogue
1025:. Pressroom.eircom.net. Archived from
504:primarily using equipment supplied by
341:dense wavelength-division multiplexing
1223:"Electronic Communications – Comstat"
1189:International Telecommunication Union
1119:
1117:
1115:
885:List of Irish language radio stations
764:; abbreviated as RTÉ) is a statutory
7:
3278:
1092:. Siliconrepublic.com. 11 June 2015.
860:recipients, and individuals who are
833:) is Ireland's national free-to-air
134:adding citations to reliable sources
1401:Broadcasting Act 2009 (Section 113)
569:Internet in the Republic of Ireland
1489:"DTT to be launched on 31 October"
25:
1591:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland
1298:"Rabbitte unveils broadband plan"
748:services have been discontinued.
736:is also available in some areas.
266:Coimisiún Craolacháin na hÉireann
250:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland
44:This article has multiple issues.
3277:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3246:
2867:Free-space optical communication
1632:
1206:"Communications :: Ireland"
1048:John Kennedy (10 October 2013).
895:Media of the Republic of Ireland
874:Community Radio Forum of Ireland
798:
589:Internet censorship: None (2011)
110:
74:
33:
1368:"Register of Members (Current)"
672:IP peering and traffic exchange
121:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
1639:Irish mobile network operators
880:Internet censorship in Ireland
835:digital terrestrial television
381:SIRO, a joint venture between
258:Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann
1:
1828:Telecommunications in Europe
1460:"RTÉ Annual Report 2002 pp10"
1191:, accessed on 19 August 2012.
227:Telecommunications in Ireland
3253:Telecommunication portal
3034:Telecommunications equipment
1541:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1430:"RTÉ Annual Report 2000 pp3"
762:Radio Television of Ireland
2770:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1530:, Saorview, 24 October 2012
1274:"Annual Report 2010 / 2011"
1161:"First Mobile Phone Launch"
711:Cable Television in Ireland
645:(OECD) countries surveyed.
3325:
2474:Telecommunications history
837:(DTT) service operated by
770:public service broadcaster
700:
566:
422:
237:
3241:
3082:Public Switched Telephone
2894:telecommunication circuit
2855:Fiber-optic communication
2600:Francis Blake (telephone)
2395:Optical telecommunication
1330:"INEX Public Member List"
678:Established in 1998, the
668:Internet Neutral Exchange
83:This article needs to be
18:Communications in Ireland
2993:Orbital angular-momentum
2430:Satellite communications
2269:Communications satellite
1413:"Ireland profile: Media"
367:cable modem technology.
298:New York Stock Exchanges
2872:Molecular communication
2695:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2524:Undersea telegraph line
2259:Cable protection system
1354:16 January 2013 at the
758:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
592:Top-level domain name:
547:followed in 1997, then
3014:Communication protocol
2800:Charles Sumner Tainter
2615:Walter Houser Brattain
2560:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2368:Information revolution
1877:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1373:24 August 2012 at the
1052:. Siliconrepublic.com.
915:, CNN, 7 December 1998
698:
265:
257:
2988:Polarization-division
2720:Narinder Singh Kapany
2685:Erna Schneider Hoover
2605:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2585:Alexander Graham Bell
2316:online video platform
1335:23 April 2016 at the
740:is also broadcast on
707:Television in Ireland
693:
666:Founded in 1996, the
2830:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2790:Almon Brown Strowger
2760:Charles Grafton Page
2415:Prepaid mobile phone
2343:Electrical telegraph
686:Radio and television
630:Virgin Media Ireland
463:There are also some
357:Virgin Media Ireland
334:Virgin Media Ireland
290:Bord Telecom Éireann
130:improve this article
2780:Johann Philipp Reis
2539:Wireless revolution
2501:The Telephone Cases
2358:Hydraulic telegraph
2098:States with limited
1300:, Mary Minihan and
772:that dominates the
2978:Frequency-division
2955:Telephone exchange
2825:Charles Wheatstone
2755:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2730:Innocenzo Manzetti
2665:Reginald Fessenden
2400:Optical telegraphy
2233:Telecommunications
1714:network operators
1302:Deaglán de Bréadún
1239:. 10 December 2020
1210:The World Factbook
1127:. 10 December 2020
1068:The Evening Herald
1029:on 14 October 2013
927:Comreg Data Portal
853:television licence
766:semi-state company
744:252 kHz (AM)
715:Irish pirate radio
699:
3291:
3290:
3029:Store and forward
3024:Data transmission
2938:Network switching
2889:Transmission line
2735:Guglielmo Marconi
2700:Internet pioneers
2565:Mohamed M. Atalla
2534:Whistled language
2199:
2198:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1706:
1705:
1318:"History of INEX"
1070:. 22 January 2014
502:crossbar switches
440:Country code: 353
224:
223:
216:
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104:
103:
67:
16:(Redirected from
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3260:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3122:Notable networks
3112:Wireless network
3052:Cellular network
3044:Types of network
3019:Computer network
2906:Network topology
2820:Thomas A. Watson
2675:Oliver Heaviside
2660:Philo Farnsworth
2635:Daniel Davis Jr.
2610:Charles Bourseul
2570:John Logie Baird
2279:Data compression
2274:Computer network
2226:
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2203:
2136:Dependencies and
1835:Sovereign states
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1308:, 30 August 2012
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703:Radio in Ireland
458:Vodafone Ireland
419:Telephone system
387:Vodafone Ireland
219:
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138:
114:
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3179:
3116:
3038:
3002:
2959:
2908:
2900:
2841:
2834:
2740:Robert Metcalfe
2595:Tim Berners-Lee
2543:
2363:Information Age
2235:
2230:
2200:
2195:
2179:
2137:
2131:
2117:Northern Cyprus
2099:
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2009:North Macedonia
1830:
1825:
1795:
1786:
1760:
1715:
1713:
1712:Mobile virtual
1702:
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1646:Mobile network
1641:
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1629:
1587:
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1572:
1570:
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1427:
1423:
1419:, 26 March 2012
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1407:
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1375:Wayback Machine
1366:
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1356:Wayback Machine
1347:
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1337:Wayback Machine
1328:
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1316:
1312:
1306:The Irish Times
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1021:
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903:
870:
827:
801:
797:
722:
717:
701:Main articles:
688:
648:In August 2012
571:
565:
508:built at their
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208:
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139:
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94:
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38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3255:
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2973:Space-division
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2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Camille Tissot
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Claude Shannon
2782:
2777:
2775:Tivadar Puskás
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:Antonio Meucci
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:Charles K. Kao
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Harold Hopkins
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
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2597:
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2590:Emile Berliner
2587:
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2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
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2529:Videotelephony
2526:
2521:
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2519:
2514:
2504:
2497:
2492:
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2476:
2471:
2466:
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2425:Radiotelephone
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2311:Internet video
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2256:
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2206:
2197:
2196:
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2191:European Union
2187:
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2184:Other entities
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2178:
2177:
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2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
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2139:
2138:other entities
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2114:
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2084:United Kingdom
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
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1956:
1951:
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1897:Czech Republic
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1743:
1738:
1733:
1731:An Post Mobile
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1586:
1585:External links
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1520:
1497:
1495:, 4 June 2010]
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956:on 27 May 2013
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858:social welfare
721:
720:Infrastructure
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684:
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639:
638:
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596:
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567:Main article:
564:
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477:An Post Mobile
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365:EuroDOCSIS 3.1
305:
304:Infrastructure
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118:
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109:
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101:
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3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2998:Code-division
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Time-division
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
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2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:and switching
2907:
2903:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2860:optical fiber
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2851:
2850:Coaxial cable
2848:
2847:
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2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
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2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Radia Perlman
2763:
2761:
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2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Lee de Forest
2653:
2651:
2650:Thomas Edison
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Donald Davies
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Claude Chappe
2623:
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2470:
2469:Smoke signals
2467:
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2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:Semiconductor
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2306:Digital media
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1969:Liechtenstein
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1756:Virgin Mobile
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1548:RTÉNL SAORSAT
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1509:. Saorview.ie
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1390:. NorDig.org.
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1350:
1349:"About ISPAI"
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1225:. Comstat.ie.
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2965:Multiplexing
2840:Transmission
2805:Nikola Tesla
2795:Henry Sutton
2750:Samuel Morse
2680:Robert Hooke
2645:Amos Dolbear
2580:John Bardeen
2499:
2479:Telautograph
2383:Mobile phone
2338:Edholm's law
2321:social media
2254:Broadcasting
2127:Transnistria
2089:Vatican City
1946:
1751:Tesco Mobile
1736:Clear Mobile
1571:. Retrieved
1565:
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1165:RTÉ Archives
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1027:the original
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128:Please help
123:verification
120:
95:January 2024
92:
84:
60:
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46:Please help
43:
26:
3165:NPL network
2877:Radio waves
2815:Alfred Vail
2725:Hedy Lamarr
2710:Dawon Kahng
2670:Elisha Gray
2630:Yogen Dalal
2555:Nasir Ahmed
2489:Teleprinter
2353:Heliographs
2165:Isle of Man
2100:recognition
2069:Switzerland
2004:Netherlands
1782:Just Mobile
1243:22 February
1131:22 February
738:RTÉ Radio 1
539:system. 2G
3298:Categories
3211:Antarctica
3170:Toasternet
3092:Television
2575:Paul Baran
2507:Television
2491:(teletype)
2484:Telegraphy
2462:transistor
2440:Phryctoria
2410:Photophone
2388:Smartphone
2378:Mass media
2039:San Marino
1999:Montenegro
1979:Luxembourg
1959:Kazakhstan
1862:Azerbaijan
1746:Lycamobile
1505:Saorview.
1474:13 January
1444:13 January
1074:1 February
1033:14 October
1003:. Open Eir
950:"NGN Core"
901:References
786:stations.
746:Mediumwave
729:customer.
473:Lycamobile
454:Eir Mobile
423:See also:
398:Eir Mobile
326:BT Ireland
238:See also:
234:Regulation
186:April 2024
156:newspapers
49:improve it
3195:Americas
3184:Locations
3155:Internet2
2916:Bandwidth
2620:Vint Cerf
2517:streaming
2495:Telephone
2435:Semaphore
2326:streaming
2155:Gibraltar
1974:Lithuania
1777:iD Mobile
1648:operators
1513:29 August
989:. Upc.ie.
734:DAB Radio
613:satellite
553:3 Ireland
383:ESB Group
330:ESB Group
55:talk page
3263:Category
3150:Internet
3140:CYCLADES
3057:Ethernet
3007:Concepts
2931:terminal
2882:wireless
2705:Bob Kahn
2548:Pioneers
2373:Internet
2264:Cable TV
2175:Svalbard
2160:Guernsey
2107:Abkhazia
2054:Slovenia
2049:Slovakia
2024:Portugal
1882:Bulgaria
1672:Vodafone
1493:RTÉ News
1417:BBC News
1371:Archived
1352:Archived
1333:Archived
868:See also
794:Saorview
768:and the
742:Longwave
609:wireless
563:Internet
545:Digifone
506:Ericsson
406:Vodafone
3283:Commons
3273:Outline
3226:Oceania
3145:FidoNet
3130:ARPANET
2943:circuit
2512:digital
2241:History
2079:Ukraine
2029:Romania
1989:Moldova
1947:Ireland
1942:Iceland
1937:Hungary
1927:Germany
1922:Georgia
1912:Finland
1907:Estonia
1902:Denmark
1887:Croatia
1872:Belgium
1867:Belarus
1857:Austria
1852:Armenia
1847:Andorra
1842:Albania
1772:eMobile
1724:Current
1716:(MVNOs)
1688:Eircell
1655:Current
1567:An Post
876:(CRAOL)
533:Eircell
522:Alcatel
510:Athlone
495:History
252:(BAI) (
170:scholar
85:updated
3221:Europe
3191:Africa
3175:Usenet
3135:BITNET
3072:Mobile
2948:packet
2457:MOSFET
2452:device
2249:Beacon
2170:Jersey
2112:Kosovo
2074:Turkey
2064:Sweden
2044:Serbia
2034:Russia
2019:Poland
2014:Norway
1994:Monaco
1964:Latvia
1932:Greece
1917:France
1892:Cyprus
1765:Former
1693:Meteor
1681:Former
1468:RTÉ.ie
1438:RTÉ.ie
1170:29 May
960:30 May
937:Eircom
713:, and
611:, and
549:Meteor
404:, and
311:ComReg
172:
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3204:South
3199:North
3160:JANET
3097:Telex
3087:Radio
2926:Nodes
2921:Links
2842:media
2420:Radio
2405:Pager
2333:Drums
2299:video
2294:image
2284:audio
2145:Åland
2059:Spain
1984:Malta
1954:Italy
1667:Three
1573:2 May
1544:(PDF)
1463:(PDF)
1433:(PDF)
862:blind
830:-vyoo
774:radio
605:cable
465:MNVOs
402:Three
294:Irish
262:Irish
254:Irish
177:JSTOR
163:books
3216:Asia
3102:UUCP
3062:ISDN
1741:GoMo
1575:2008
1515:2011
1476:2011
1446:2011
1245:2021
1172:2024
1133:2021
1076:2014
1035:2013
1009:2015
975:Enet
962:2013
828:SAIR
776:and
697:logo
537:TACS
520:and
487:and
469:GoMo
456:and
427:and
394:MVNO
385:and
372:FTTH
332:and
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149:news
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3077:NGN
3067:LAN
2348:Fax
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1662:eir
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839:2RN
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