149:
4453:
1144:
36:
958:
3972:. Like its Italian counterparts, and unlike its Swedish counterparts it was methodically isolated in parliament. Like its Swedish counterparts, but unlike its Italian counterparts, it gained around 5% of the vote. Like its Italian counterpart it was closely linked to Moscow until the 1960s. In the 1970s, it became involved in New Left politics, like its Swedish counterpart.
801:
3796:. The party's board was the highest organ of the party, it decided the order of candidates on election lists for the Senate, House of Representatives and European Parliament, had the final say over the party program and had the ability to expel members. It was elected by the party's
1349:
The CPN advocated a strong role of the state in the economy. They believed the state should supply cheap housing, free and neutral education and health care insurance. They felt that important industries should be nationalized in the short term and in the long term the entire
1125:
revolutionary socialism. All sections of the
Comintern were obliged to adopt the name 'Communist Party'. In 1919 the party changed its name to Communistische Partij Holland (Communist Party Holland; CPH). The name implied that the CPH was the Dutch section of the worldwide
3615:
The following table shows the results of the provincial election of 1962 by province. It shows the areas where the CPN was strong, namely North
Holland and to a lesser extent Groningen and South Holland. The party was very weak in rural and Catholic Limburg and Brabant.
3870:
For a long time the communists were methodically isolated, partially because of its revolutionary ideology and partially because of the antagonistic style of its politics. The communists used this style to prevent its electorate from moving to its competitors.
916:
In the 1940s and 1950s, the CPN was methodically isolated by other parties. Civil servants were forbidden to become members of the CPN and it was not allowed separate time on public radio or television. The party's unequivocal support for decolonization of the
929:
stances the party was blocked from the
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Nuclear Energy committees in parliament. The AIVD kept close tabs on the party. All other parties in parliament were deeply anti-communist, especially the social democratic PvdA.
1028:
issues like feminism and gay rights. In reaction to this working class-oriented members founded the
Horizontal Council of Communists (called so because they were members from different local branches, breaking the vertical organization of
3778:
still performs particularly well. In the 1950s the general support for the CPN weakened with the rise of Cold War. In the 1960s and 1970s the CPN began to gain support form students. In the 1980s the party lost its working class support.
1112:
The CPN changed its name two times. It was founded as
Sociaal-Democratische Partij (Social-Democratic party; SDP). It followers were commonly known as "Tribunists" after their main organ. After the Russian Revolution the term
4438:
3819:
around it. Important organizations were the communist trade union, the Rode
Vakcentrale (Red Trade Union) before 1940 and the Eenheidsvakcentrale (Unity Trade Union) between 1945 and 1960, and the party's paper,
5100:
3933:. The CPN methodically voted against proposals of the PSP, even when they supported them. In the 1980s the PSP and the CPN grew closer as they both campaigned against nuclear armament and both began to embrace
942:
508:
4877:
722:(a prominent international communist and an ally of Trotsky), and other prominent members, were expelled from the party. Sneevliet founded the Revolutionary Socialist Union, which later became the
1489:
Also shown is the party's political leadership: the parliamentary leader and the lead candidate; these posts are normally taken by the party leader. The total membership of the CPN is also given.
973:
De Groot was replaced by Marcus Bakker. De Groot was made an honorary member of the CPN. The party won another seat, making the total five. The CPN condemned the Soviet intervention against the
997:. Many CPN sympathizers voted for the social democratic PvdA and the CPN lost all but two seats. In 1978, under pressure from new young members, De Groot lost his honorary membership. In the
4431:
1130:. In 1935 the party changed its name to Communistische Partij van Nederland (Communist Party of the Netherlands; CPN), to express its allegiance to the Netherlands and Dutch institutions.
585:
fractured most
European parties between their revolutionary and reformist factions; this had already happened in the Netherlands, but it profoundly changed the SDP. Previously a party of
5160:
4477:
5130:
5190:
4424:
4408:
Gerrit
Voerman, "From Lenin's Comrades in Arms to 'Dutch Donkeys': The Communist Party in the Netherlands and the Comintern in the 1920s," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe (eds.),
3918:. The PvdA had the strongest anti-communists in its ranks. During the 1970s when a more radicalized PvdA advocated a large progressive coalition, they still excluded the CPN.
1161:
631:) developed across the borders in November 1918, the Netherlands was also affected by strikes and mutinies. On 10 November, the SDP called for the formation of soldiers' and
53:
4760:
1330:
The
Communist Party has always been an advocate of the interests of the working class as shown by their advocacy of higher wages and lower prices. They also campaigned for
5215:
5095:
4870:
4416:
1411:
1024:. With her a new generation of younger, often female MPs entered politics. She was able to keep the three seats. The CPN tried to renew its political program, emphasizing
707:
5210:
5017:
4676:
3875:
831:
The following period was characterized by decreasing popularity for communism, the rise of internal divisions, and the methodical isolation of the CPN by other parties.
444:
5115:
1081:. In 1991, the party officially disbanded; the VCN was joined by other former members of the CPN, who left because they disagreed with the new course, and founded the
491:, left to form a new party. This was the first such split in a Western European socialist party, although others followed. There had already been a split between the
5205:
5085:
898:
3898:
politics. The social democrats saw the communists as insignificant while the communists taunted the social democrats by calling them "servants to capitalism" and "
3758:. With the introduction of universal suffrage, the SDP, and later CPH began to branch out to the poorest circles of the working classes. In the Zaanstreek, around
5200:
5110:
4778:
667:
5155:
4863:
858:, the CPN lost votes again; however, because of the expansion of parliament it won an additional seat. The party supported the Russian intervention against the
3762:
and the port cities of
Amsterdam and Rotterdam the party was especially strong. After the Second World War, the CPN branched out to the poor rural province of
730:. All three, the RSP, the CPH-central committee and the old CPH (which ran under the name "CPH – Dutch section of the Communist International"), contested the
504:
913:
the CPN lost all but three seats, while the PSP won two seats, and the SWP was unable to win any seats. Many SWP members, like Gortzak, later joined the PSP.
5135:
5105:
5027:
4889:
4447:
727:
345:
945:
left the CPN in that year. They went through several intense splits based on ideological and personal conflicts. In 1971 one of the small groups formed the
5052:
4686:
4653:
3946:
3922:
1419:
1311:
1300:
1074:
1002:
765:
723:
407:
299:
3964:
The CPN is one of the few communist parties to be formed before the Russian Revolution. It lies between the Northern European communist parties, like the
850:
Communists were removed from the party ranks; they founded the Socialist Union, but they were unable to play a significant role in Dutch politics. In the
5042:
4855:
4681:
3838:. The party's scientific organization was the Instituut voor Politiek en Sociaal Onderzoek (Institute for Political and Social Research) which published
613:
3612:
the municipality was consequently put under control of the national government. In the 1980s the party again started to cooperate in local executives.
5047:
886:
1100:
was a member of the CPN. The former party chair who was very influential in the formulation of the new liberal course, Herman Meijer, was one of the
949:, which became a successful political party from the mid-1990s. The CPN took a rather ambiguous stance in the conflict between the USSR and the PRC.
937:
the party gained one seat. The developing students' movement was an important impetus for the party. In 1964, the international conflict between the
4633:
4623:
1314:
split from the Party. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Party began to move away from its Marxist/Leninist roots and began embrace a more libertarian and
4985:
5165:
4507:
1038:
1005:
is a major issue. The CPN, which prominently led one of the campaigning groups, The Committee against the N-bomb, was rewarded with another seat.
1208:
620:, the MP for the League of Christian Socialists, joined the SDP while the MP for the Socialist Party left the revolutionary parliamentary party.
100:
4970:
4955:
4712:
4593:
4580:
4469:
1498:
1474:
1287:, which would lead the country towards socialism. The party remained faithful to the USSR's version of Marxism–Leninism during the 1920s, when
1180:
1082:
821:
500:
415:
72:
5140:
3770:. In some Groningen municipalities like Finsterwolde, Beerta, the party won near absolute majorities. In these municipalities, which now form
589:
intellectuals with little working class support, the SDP saw an influx of members coming from the free socialist organisations, primarily the
4399:
4253:
4228:
395:
219:
5032:
4975:
4722:
4628:
4334:
1187:
79:
749:. The party performed particularly well at this election, doubling its seats to four. Among those elected was the Indonesian nationalist
4980:
4638:
839:
793:
738:
957:
4310:
4717:
1227:
1194:
119:
86:
5150:
1306:
In the 1960s, the party did not choose sides in the conflict between the People's Republic of China and the USSR. Nevertheless, a
760:
On 15 May 1940, immediately after the German occupation, the party decided to organize an underground movement. In July 1940, the
4648:
4482:
1508:
1482:
764:
occupation force banned the CPN; the party continued illegally. In 1940, together with the much smaller anti-Stalinist communist
4811:
4535:
3605:
1391:
1257:
1176:
68:
813:
5037:
4960:
4788:
4618:
1435:
1165:
1101:
889:(AIVD) claimed to be behind the split, while the CPN leadership claimed that the dissenters were agents working for the U.S.
609:
57:
4831:
1395:
734:
and both CPHs won one seat each, whilst the RSP failed to win any. In 1930, the CPHs were forced to merge by the Comintern.
5090:
1088:
There is no influence left of the old Marxist wing of the CPN in GroenLinks. The "new" generation has been very prominent:
768:, the only pre-war organisation that had protested against the anti-Semitic measures by the German occupiers, it founded a
4927:
4598:
4550:
4517:
1053:. As one of the last acts of the party, the party leadership attended the festivities surrounding 40th anniversary of the
1049:, both the CPN and VCN contested the elections. Neither won a seat in the House of Representatives. The CPN still had two
946:
938:
628:
4003:
Hansen, Erik (July 1976). "Crisis in the Party: De Tribune Faction and the Origins of the Dutch Communist Party 1907-9".
5062:
4886:
4737:
4696:
4663:
859:
350:
262:
643:(CPH), to stress its identification with the workers councils. The following year, on 10 April 1919 the CPH joined the
5195:
4965:
4570:
4545:
4525:
4502:
3938:
3930:
3882:(PvdA, after World War II) was always troublesome. The SDP split from the SDAP over ideological differences, orthodox
3477:
3363:
3333:
3221:
3075:
3045:
2923:
2803:
2685:
2597:
2481:
2367:
2309:
2111:
1993:
1867:
1745:
1655:
1533:
1407:
1387:
1093:
1070:
1046:
1017:
998:
986:
982:
978:
970:
934:
926:
910:
890:
855:
851:
843:
817:
754:
746:
731:
695:
675:
597:
555:
403:
340:
3604:
but after the USSR's intervention in Hungary, these all fell. In the 1950s the party got an absolute majority in the
5080:
4920:
4783:
4613:
4603:
4492:
4487:
3879:
3835:
1054:
906:
590:
255:
1154:
862:. After the invasion, the party office, in Felix Meritis in Amsterdam, was attacked by opponents of the invasion.
46:
4643:
816:, mainly because of the CPN's role in the Dutch Resistance. The CPN refused, demanding a second ministry. In the
554:, which the SDAP supported and the SDP opposed, further strengthened the differences between the parties. In the
1201:
93:
5057:
5012:
4839:
4691:
4671:
4588:
3942:
3926:
3921:
The relationship between left-wing splinter groups and the communists was notoriously bad. The CPH ignored the
1066:
902:
399:
3937:
and libertarian politics. In 1984 they formed a common list for the European Election together with the green
3929:, which was partially composed of those expelled from the CPN, was denounced as a party of agents of the U.S.
726:(RSP). In 1926, the entire Rotterdam branch was expelled. These expellees joined Wijnkoop to form a separate
5145:
4540:
4497:
4101:
3969:
3767:
4932:
3887:
3750:, was strong among left-wing intellectuals and educated working class circles. This was mainly limited to
1246:
460:
905:
was founded. The PSP united former members of the CPN, including members of the Socialist Union, and the
483:
or be expelled from the party. Wijnkoop and Ceton refused; they and their supporters, including the poet
5120:
3793:
3730:
1030:
1280:
1283:, the official ideology of the USSR and the Comintern. This advocated the overthrow of the state by a
148:
3763:
3630:
3586:
3582:
3570:
1518:
1503:
1478:
1439:
1050:
825:
812:, who had a strong grip on the party's organization. In 1945 the CPN was offered one ministry in the
702:
under the pressure of the Comintern; this was the cause of heavy internal division within the party.
601:
575:
436:
4910:
455:("The Tribune"), a magazine in which they criticized the party leadership. They maintained orthodox
5220:
4806:
4732:
4565:
3965:
3891:
3851:
3601:
1513:
1486:
652:
605:
550:
In the 1910s, the SDAP paid much attention to attacking the newly formed SDP. The mobilization for
464:
3800:. The party saw its political unity and strong discipline as conditions for its ideological zeal.
4816:
4770:
4555:
4150:
4020:
3747:
3680:
1272:
582:
287:
1430:
The party also emphasised the radical democratisation of the Dutch political system. It opposed
828:
for the first time. This electoral success was linked to the role of the CPN in the resistance.
4365:
865:
Meanwhile, internal dissent against the strict leadership of De Groot was rising. In 1958, the
710:. In the background of several of these divisions was the conflict in the Soviet Union between
4395:
4357:
4249:
4224:
1351:
918:
683:
671:
624:
292:
3956:
Relationships with the other parties whether liberal or Christian democratic were very poor.
17:
4821:
4727:
4349:
4012:
1383:
1367:
1114:
1097:
769:
586:
280:
4065:
1275:, the party adopted the name Communist. With the departure of the left-wing grouped around
604:
and Wijnkoop; Wijnkoop assumed the leadership of the party. The SDP formed a revolutionary
3899:
1762:
1331:
882:
781:
703:
699:
663:
632:
558:
the SDP was still unable to win any seats. In May 1918, the left wing founded the journal
488:
387:
166:
4608:
4530:
3797:
1550:
1523:
1431:
1296:
1284:
750:
719:
659:
440:
378:
366:
161:
5184:
4560:
4024:
3911:
3816:
3804:
3720:
3700:
3690:
3593:
2940:
2326:
1447:
1343:
1315:
1292:
994:
974:
962:
809:
711:
484:
271:
267:
239:
178:
173:
4098:
Free fishing in the Vondelpark, small political parties in the Netherlands 1918–1940
1410:. In the 1970s and 1980s its policy became more critical of the USA, supporting the
4353:
3609:
3494:
1399:
1379:
1335:
1009:
990:
761:
742:
715:
156:
4193:
800:
4269:
4116:
1418:. It played an important role in the popular opposition against the placement of
463:. They opposed the leadership of the SDAP, who were more oriented towards more a
4798:
4452:
3903:
3826:
3380:
1415:
1371:
1143:
1089:
1021:
617:
551:
391:
183:
35:
4394:. Vol. 1. translated by Hersri Setiawan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
4121:
Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbeweging in Nederland
4093:
Vrij vissen in het Vondelpark, kleine politieke partijen in Nederland 1918–1940
4016:
1065:
In 1989, the party merged with three other small left-wing parties, namely the
4915:
4844:
3950:
3771:
3670:
3660:
1462:
1443:
1288:
1250:
1078:
1013:
792:
679:
678:
the CPH retained its two seats. One of its unsuccessful candidates that year,
496:
492:
468:
411:
250:
229:
4361:
4747:
4039:
3895:
3859:
3855:
3755:
3751:
3640:
1375:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1127:
1118:
847:
648:
644:
571:
567:
563:
527:
523:
519:
472:
432:
319:
314:
243:
1358:
should be progressive and that those without jobs should receive benefits.
869:("Bridge group") left the CPN in a conflict over the role of the Communist
518:(SDP). They had a membership of around 400 spread across different cities:
3945:. In the 1989 the CPN, PSP and PPR were joined by the left-wing Christian
3581:
Although the CPN was particularly strong in several provinces, especially
479:
held on 14 February 1909, SDAP leaders demanded that they stop publishing
5125:
3934:
3830:(The Truth), which was founded as a resistance paper and named after its
1458:
1454:
1355:
1339:
1319:
1295:'s. This led to a split when a group around a prominent ally of Trotsky,
1122:
1034:
1025:
835:
574:
plus the Zimmerwald Left Propaganda Union. This group did not favour the
476:
4154:
4138:
3834:
after 1940. The party's youth organization was the formally independent
3883:
3759:
3710:
3650:
535:
456:
4091:
3842:(Politics and Culture). The CPN had its own publisher called Pegasus.
3746:
The support for the SDP, which was founded before the introduction of
753:, the first subject from the Dutch Indies to enter parliament. At the
4200:(in Dutch). Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis (IISG)
3831:
3597:
1307:
636:
539:
531:
776:("Resistance Council"). It published a resistance newspaper called
635:
with a view to forming a popular government. A week later at their
4040:"The relations between the Dutch and Russian Communists 1907–1920"
1374:. After 1918, the recognition of the USSR and the independence of
820:, the CPN received nearly 11% of the vote and won 10 seats in the
799:
304:
4887:
Communist, socialist, social democratic, and democratic socialist
4950:
4410:
International Communism and the Communist International, 1919-43
3915:
3907:
3775:
1403:
922:
562:, uniting four opposition groups within the SDP, with groups in
4859:
4420:
4246:
The Green Challenge: The Development of Green Parties in Europe
1450:
should be implemented. Citizens should appoint civil servants.
1268:
leadership blocked their publication of an autonomous journal.
1245:
The SDP was founded as an orthodox Marxist party advocating an
1137:
943:
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)
655:
and orthodox Marxists into a tightly-knit Leninist community.
330:
29:
1033:). The group tried to pressure the CPN into returning to its
909:(PvdA), and other left-wing independents. In the following
784:
in 1941, the largest act of resistance in the Netherlands.
1117:
became linked to the reformist socialists, while the term
4382:
Frits Kool, "Communism in Holland: A Study in Futility,"
3567:** estimate of the seats in combined CPN/PSP/(PPR) lists.
1366:
The communist movement emerged from other strands of the
4311:"The Right Side: Dutch Communists 50 Years after Stalin"
1386:. After the war, its foreign policy was explicitly anti-
3803:
Between 1946 and 1980, the party's headquarters was in
1473:
This table shows the CPN's results in elections to the
4066:"De wording van het communisme in Nederland 1907–1925"
3968:
and the Southern European communist parties, like the
921:
isolated the party in parliament. Because of its anti-
706:
had already left the party in 1924 to help set up The
3600:. In the late 1940s, the CPN participated in several
5071:
5005:
4998:
4941:
4903:
4896:
4830:
4797:
4769:
4746:
4705:
4662:
4579:
4516:
4468:
4244:Richardson, Dick; Rootes, Chris (16 January 2006).
3596:, namely Hanneke Jagersma in the CPN stronghold of
1168:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1037:course. In 1983 they left the party and formed the
708:
League of Communist Struggle & Propaganda Clubs
326:
310:
298:
286:
261:
249:
235:
225:
215:
200:
190:
155:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3914:, while the CPN advocated stronger links with the
1453:In the 1970s and 1980s the party began to embrace
1412:National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam
1390:and pro-USSR. It favoured Soviet interventions in
514:. On 14 March 1909 the dissenters founded the new
4463:Only parties represented in parliament are shown.
4139:"De Communistische Partij van Nederland (C.P.N.)"
1264:society. They broke away from the SDAP, when the
647:, which helped transform the party from a mix of
194:14 February 1909 (as the Social Democratic Party)
4412:. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.
4392:Tan Malaka, Gerakan Kiri, dan Revolusi Indonesia
941:and the USSR also split the CPN. A group called
846:, the party lost two seats. In 1949, a group of
1260:, which would in turn evolve into a classless,
1253:economic and political system, in favour for a
1008:In the 1982 elections, the party got its first
4761:Communist Party of Holland – Central Committee
1291:became an important ideological competitor of
196:November 1918 (as the Communist Party Holland)
4871:
4432:
4386:, vol. 9, no. 5 (Sept.-Oct. 1960), pp. 17–24.
4149:(208). Stichting Atlantische Commissie: 1–6.
4123:. International Institute for Social History.
8:
5191:Defunct communist parties in the Netherlands
4448:Defunct political parties in the Netherlands
3925:during its four-year term in the 1930s. The
3815:The party had a small, but strong communist
3792:The party was organized on the principle of
3569:*** chair of the parliamentary party in the
842:tainted the reputation of Communism. In the
728:Communist Party of Holland-Central Committee
414:. Members opposed to the merger founded the
27:Political party in the Netherlands (1909–91)
1312:Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands
1104:activists who joined the CPN in the 1970s.
989:saw a conflict between the social democrat
698:, Wijnkoop was replaced as party leader by
668:Communist Workers' Party of the Netherlands
475:political strategy. At a party congress in
449:
5002:
4900:
4878:
4864:
4856:
4439:
4425:
4417:
3902:". During the Cold War, the PvdA embraced
3850:Since 1918, the party was a member of the
1342:should be regulated and that laws against
854:, the party lost two additional seats. In
838:, the party began to lose popularity. The
757:, the party was able to retain its seats.
741:in the same year, the independence of the
600:, winning two seats that were occupied by
505:Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party
147:
131:
5216:1991 disestablishments in the Netherlands
1228:Learn how and when to remove this message
887:General Intelligence and Security Service
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5211:Political parties disestablished in 1991
4335:"Tan Malaka: Revolutionary or Renegade?"
4085:
4083:
4011:(2, 3). Sage Publications, Inc.: 43–64.
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3618:
1491:
1370:because of their vigorous opposition to
1020:Marcus Bakker stepped down in favour of
956:
791:
682:, was the first subject of the colonial
639:Congress, the party name was changed to
379:[kɔmyˈnɪstisəpɑrˈtɛiˈneːdərlɑnt]
4508:Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
3986:
3565:* separate CPH-Central Committee party.
1039:League of Communists in the Netherlands
881:were prominent Resistance figures like
616:, both of which had one seat. In 1921,
394:. The party was founded in 1909 as the
5206:1909 establishments in the Netherlands
4713:The Alliance to Democratise the Forces
4194:"VISSER, Louis Leonardus Hendrikus de"
4179:
4132:
4130:
1338:should be banned completely, that the
1334:in factories should be improved, that
1083:New Communist Party of the Netherlands
686:to run for office in the Netherlands.
596:The SDP entered the election again in
501:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
416:New Communist Party of the Netherlands
5201:Political parties established in 1909
4167:
4137:Van Den Heuvel, C. C. (28 May 1975).
377:
7:
4890:political parties in the Netherlands
4723:Alliance for National Reconstruction
4342:Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars
4297:Political Parties in the Netherlands
1318:programme with a strong emphasis on
1177:"Communist Party of the Netherlands"
1166:adding citations to reliable sources
1043:Verbond van Communisten In Nederland
808:After the war, the party was led by
69:"Communist Party of the Netherlands"
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4594:Christian Historical Voters' League
3811:Linked and pillarized organisations
3577:Municipal and provincial government
981:yet another seat was added, and in
780:(The Truth). Both took part in the
4756:Communist Party of the Netherlands
1085:(NCPN), which still exists today.
961:1977 election poster which reads "
363:Communist Party of the Netherlands
137:Communist Party of the Netherlands
25:
4718:Middle Party for City and Country
1402:. It opposed Dutch membership of
1018:general election of the same year
745:became an important theme at the
4677:Social Democratic Workers' Party
4649:Reformatory Political Federation
4451:
3876:Social Democratic Workers' Party
3766:and other poor rural areas like
1398:and sought Dutch recognition of
1378:became important issues. During
1142:
1096:and one of the party's senators
824:. The CPN also won seats in the
445:Social Democratic Workers' Party
34:
4536:Free-thinking Democratic League
4293:Politieke Partijen in Nederland
4270:"Glossary of Organisations: Tr"
4219:Weissman, Susan (20 May 2014).
4100:] (PhD thesis) (in Dutch).
4005:Journal of Contemporary History
1258:dictatorship of the proletariat
1153:needs additional citations for
1069:(PSP), the left-wing Christian
1012:in the Communist stronghold of
985:the party had seven seats. The
371:Communistische Partij Nederland
140:Communistische Partij Nederland
45:needs additional citations for
4619:League of Christian Socialists
4354:10.1080/14672715.1987.10409868
4299:] (in Dutch). p. 260.
4064:van Ravesteyn, Willem (1948).
3878:(before World War II) and the
3866:Relationships to other parties
3824:(the Tribune) before 1940 and
1247:economic and social revolution
610:League of Christian Socialists
1:
4687:Revolutionary Socialist Party
4639:Reformed Reformed State Party
4599:Free Anti Revolutionary Party
4483:Roman Catholic People's Party
4115:Noordegraaf, Herman (2015) .
4068:. P. N. Van Kampen en zoon nv
3923:Revolutionary Socialist Party
3874:The relationship between the
3585:, it never cooperated in any
1301:Revolutionary Socialist Party
1299:, left the party to form the
840:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
766:Revolutionary Socialist Party
724:Revolutionary Socialist Party
18:Communistische Partij Holland
3592:The party supplied only one
1382:the party was active in the
1001:, the placement of American
860:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
5073:Without seats in parliament
4943:Without seats in parliament
4779:National Socialist Movement
4738:Independent Citizens' Party
4644:Reformed Political Alliance
4503:Political Party of Radicals
4223:. Verso Books. p. 70.
4192:Mellink, Albert F. (1987).
3939:Political Party of Radicals
3931:Central Intelligence Agency
3854:, first in the form of the
3846:International organisations
1434:. It sought to abolish the
1408:European Economic Community
1071:Political Party of Radicals
993:and the Christian democrat
927:European Economic Community
891:Central Intelligence Agency
666:left the party to form the
404:Political Party of Radicals
341:Politics of the Netherlands
5237:
4654:Evangelical People's Party
4634:Christian Democratic Union
4624:Christian Democratic Party
4614:Christian Historical Union
4604:Christian Historical Party
4488:Roman Catholic State Party
4315:Radio Netherlands Archives
4038:Horstmeier, Carel (2000).
4017:10.1177/002200947601100203
3947:Evangelical People's Party
3910:and the alliance with the
3836:General Dutch Youth League
1457:issues like the fight for
1075:Evangelical People's Party
1055:German Democratic Republic
939:People's Republic of China
814:Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet
629:Brussels Soldiers' Council
408:Evangelical People's Party
398:(SDP) and merged with the
256:General Dutch Youth League
4981:Socialistisch Alternatief
4697:Democratic Socialists '70
4461:
4248:. Routledge. p. 80.
4221:Victor Serge: A Biography
3966:Communist Party of Sweden
2293:
2275:
2257:
2239:
2221:
2203:
1352:economy should be planned
1249:that would overthrow the
897:founded a new party, the
336:
311:International affiliation
300:European Parliament group
171:Ko Beuzemaker (1935–1939)
146:
5006:With seats in parliament
4904:With seats in parliament
4840:General Elderly Alliance
4692:Pacifist Socialist Party
4672:Social Democratic League
4589:Anti-Revolutionary Party
4390:Poeze, Harry A. (2008).
3960:International comparison
3949:in the formation of the
3927:Pacifist Socialist Party
3858:, and after 1947 in the
3788:Organizational structure
1475:House of Representatives
1289:Trotsky's interpretation
1067:Pacifist Socialist Party
903:Pacifist Socialist Party
899:Socialist Workers' Party
822:House of Representatives
737:After the mutiny on the
400:Pacifist Socialist Party
4541:League of Free Liberals
4498:Catholic National Party
4493:Catholic People's Party
4102:University of Amsterdam
3970:Italian Communist Party
1241:Ideological development
1128:Communist International
796:Gerben Wagenaar in 1956
641:Communist Party Holland
516:Social Democratic Party
396:Social Democratic Party
288:Political position
220:Social Democratic Party
4629:Christian Social Party
4333:Jarvis, Helen (1987).
966:
885:and Henk Gortzak. The
805:
797:
487:and the mathematician
461:proletarian revolution
450:
370:
204:15 June 1991
4384:Problems of Communism
4143:Atlantische Tijdingen
4090:Vossen, Koen (2003).
3794:democratic centralism
1094:1994 general election
1092:led the party in the
1031:democratic centralism
999:1981 general election
987:1977 general election
971:1967 general election
960:
935:1963 general election
911:1959 general election
852:1952 general election
844:1948 general election
834:With the rise of the
818:1946 general election
804:Marcus Bakker in 1972
803:
795:
755:1937 general election
747:1933 general election
732:1929 general election
696:1925 general election
676:1922 general election
556:1917 general election
459:views and expected a
410:in 1991, forming the
5101:MLC - MLCN - KEN-M/L
4317:. 12 September 2003.
4117:"John William Kruyt"
3602:municipal executives
3587:provincial executive
1519:Parliamentary leader
1422:in the Netherlands.
1346:should be repealed.
1279:, the party adopted
1162:improve this article
901:(SWP). In 1957, the
602:Willem van Ravesteyn
437:Willem van Ravesteyn
375:Dutch pronunciation:
54:improve this article
4733:Livable Netherlands
4566:Liberal State Party
4104:/Wereldbibliotheek.
3852:Third International
3840:Politiek en Cultuur
3774:the refounded CPN,
1487:European Parliament
1483:provincial councils
1384:resistance movement
1134:Ideology and issues
871:Eenheidsvakcentrale
658:In 1920, prominent
606:parliamentary party
512:("Narrowist") group
5196:Comintern sections
4817:Nederlandsche Unie
4556:Middle Class Party
3832:Soviet counterpart
3748:universal suffrage
1310:group, called the
1273:Russian Revolution
1077:(EVP) to form the
967:
877:). Leaders of the
806:
798:
583:Russian Revolution
576:parliamentarianism
503:, and between the
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5074:
4994:
4993:
4944:
4853:
4852:
4401:978-979-461-697-0
4255:978-1-134-84403-6
4230:978-1-78168-050-6
4045:. NRAC. p. 1
3739:
3738:
3606:municipal council
3563:
3562:
3551:Fenne Bolding***
3523:Fenne Bolding***
1277:De Internationale
1238:
1237:
1230:
1212:
919:Dutch East Indies
875:Unity Trade Union
684:Dutch East Indies
672:council communism
627:(and the related
625:German Revolution
578:of the majority.
560:De Internationale
359:
358:
346:Political parties
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5228:
5072:
5003:
4942:
4901:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4857:
4822:Pim Fortuyn List
4807:Peasants' League
4789:Centre Democrats
4728:New Middle Party
4456:
4455:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4418:
4405:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4364:. Archived from
4339:
4319:
4318:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4044:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4000:
3890:politics versus
3619:
1492:
1436:Council of State
1368:workers movement
1281:Marxism–Leninism
1233:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1170:
1146:
1138:
1115:social-democracy
1098:Jos van der Lans
772:movement called
739:Zeven Provinciën
670:which advocated
633:workers councils
587:orthodox Marxist
453:
381:
376:
281:Marxism-Leninism
226:Merged into
216:Preceded by
211:
209:
151:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5170:
5067:
5023:SDP - CPH - CPN
4990:
4986:GML/Rode Morgen
4937:
4911:GroenLinks–PvdA
4892:
4884:
4854:
4849:
4826:
4793:
4765:
4742:
4701:
4682:Socialist Party
4658:
4575:
4551:Economic League
4512:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4415:
4402:
4389:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4002:
4001:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3962:
3900:social fascists
3868:
3848:
3813:
3790:
3785:
3744:
3625:Result (seats)
3579:
3568:
3566:
2294:out of session
2276:out of session
2258:out of session
2240:out of session
2222:out of session
2204:out of session
1918:David Wijnkoop
1917:
1891:David Wijnkoop
1890:
1886:David Wijnkoop
1885:
1730:David Wijnkoop
1700:David Wijnkoop
1675:David Wijnkoop
1672:David Wijnkoop
1640:David Wijnkoop
1610:David Wijnkoop
1580:David Wijnkoop
1555:David Wijnkoop
1471:
1428:
1426:Domestic issues
1420:nuclear weapons
1364:
1332:work conditions
1328:
1243:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1147:
1136:
1110:
1063:
1003:nuclear weapons
955:
947:Socialist Party
883:Gerben Wagenaar
790:
782:February strike
774:Raad van Verzet
704:Jacques de Kadt
700:Louis de Visser
692:
660:left communists
614:Socialist Party
548:
489:Gerrit Mannoury
467:ideology and a
447:(SDAP) founded
429:
424:
388:communist party
374:
355:
318:
279:
274:
270:
207:
205:
195:
182:
177:
172:
170:
167:Louis de Visser
165:
142:
141:
138:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5234:
5232:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4907:
4905:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4812:Farmers' Party
4809:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4609:Frisian League
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Radical League
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:General League
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4414:
4413:
4406:
4400:
4387:
4380:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4302:
4283:
4272:. Marxists.org
4261:
4254:
4236:
4229:
4211:
4184:
4172:
4170:, p. xvi.
4160:
4126:
4107:
4079:
4056:
4030:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3961:
3958:
3941:(PPR) and the
3867:
3864:
3847:
3844:
3812:
3809:
3807:in Amsterdam.
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3768:West Friesland
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3578:
3575:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3351:
3350:Marcus Bakker
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3320:Marcus Bakker
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3292:Marcus Bakker
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3264:Marcus Bakker
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:Marcus Bakker
3239:
3238:Marcus Bakker
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3208:Marcus Bakker
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:Marcus Bakker
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3148:Marcus Bakker
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3120:Marcus Bakker
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:Marcus Bakker
3093:
3092:Marcus Bakker
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3065:Marcus Bakker
3063:
3062:Marcus Bakker
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:Marcus Bakker
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:Marcus Bakker
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:Marcus Bakker
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2945:Marcus Bakker
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:Paul de Groot
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2878:Paul de Groot
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2848:Paul de Groot
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:Paul de Groot
2821:
2820:Paul de Groot
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:Paul de Groot
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:Paul de Groot
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:Paul de Groot
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:Paul de Groot
2703:
2702:Paul de Groot
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2672:Paul de Groot
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2644:Paul de Groot
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:Paul de Groot
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2584:Paul de Groot
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:Paul de Groot
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:Paul de Groot
2529:
2528:Paul de Groot
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2498:Paul de Groot
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2466:Paul de Groot
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2438:Paul de Groot
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2410:Paul de Groot
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:Paul de Groot
2385:
2384:Paul de Groot
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2354:Paul de Groot
2352:
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2186:Lou de Visser
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2020:
2019:
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2013:Lou de Visser
2011:
2010:Lou de Visser
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1792:Lou de Visser
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1551:David Wijnkoop
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1524:Lead candidate
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1469:Representation
1467:
1427:
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1392:Czechoslovakia
1363:
1362:Foreign policy
1360:
1327:
1324:
1297:Henk Sneevliet
1285:vanguard party
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1150:
1148:
1141:
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1132:
1121:was linked to
1109:
1106:
1073:(PPR) and the
1062:
1059:
954:
951:
789:
786:
751:Rustam Effendi
720:Henk Sneevliet
691:
688:
547:
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441:David Wijnkoop
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162:David Wijnkoop
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4571:Freedom Party
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Neutral Party
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4546:Liberal Party
4544:
4542:
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4526:Liberal Union
4524:
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4371:on 2011-08-11
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3912:United States
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3888:revolutionary
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3805:Felix Meritis
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3701:South Holland
3699:
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2941:Marcus Bakker
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1916:Lou de Visser
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1889:Lou de Visser
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1884:Lou de Visser
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1448:trial by jury
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1325:
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1316:Eurocommunist
1313:
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1298:
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1293:Joseph Stalin
1290:
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1218:December 2014
1210:
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1203:
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1189:
1186:
1182:
1179: –
1178:
1174:
1173:Find sources:
1167:
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1156:
1151:This article
1149:
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1019:
1016:. Before the
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Dries van Agt
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:Prague Spring
972:
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810:Paul de Groot
802:
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485:Herman Gorter
482:
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469:parliamentary
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272:Republicanism
269:
268:Eurocommunism
266:
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248:
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241:
240:Felix Meritis
238:
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179:Marcus Bakker
175:
174:Paul de Groot
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113:
110:February 2021
102:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5043:SP ('18–'28)
5022:
4784:Centre Party
4755:
4409:
4391:
4383:
4373:. Retrieved
4366:the original
4348:(1): 41–55.
4345:
4341:
4326:Bibliography
4314:
4305:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4264:
4245:
4239:
4220:
4214:
4204:14 September
4202:. Retrieved
4197:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4146:
4145:(in Dutch).
4142:
4120:
4110:
4097:
4092:
4070:. Retrieved
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4033:
4008:
4004:
3963:
3955:
3920:
3880:Labour Party
3873:
3869:
3849:
3839:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3802:
3791:
3783:Organization
3745:
3614:
3610:Finsterwolde
3591:
3580:
3564:
3555:no elections
3554:
3527:no elections
3526:
3500:Ina Brouwer
3495:Kees IJmkers
3467:
3464:Ina Brouwer
3439:
3436:Ina Brouwer
3411:
3408:Ina Brouwer
3385:Ina Brouwer
3353:
3323:
3295:
3267:
3211:
3186:
3181:
3156:
3151:
3123:
3098:
3068:
3038:
3033:
3008:
3003:
2978:
2973:
2948:
2916:
2912:no elections
2911:
2886:
2882:no elections
2881:
2856:
2852:no elections
2851:
2826:
2796:
2792:no elections
2791:
2766:
2762:no elections
2761:
2736:
2732:no elections
2731:
2676:no elections
2675:
2648:no elections
2647:
2622:
2618:no elections
2617:
2588:no elections
2587:
2562:
2558:no elections
2557:
2506:
2502:no elections
2501:
2474:
2470:no elections
2469:
2442:no elections
2441:
2414:no elections
2413:
2358:no elections
2357:
2302:
2298:no elections
2297:
2284:
2280:no elections
2279:
2266:
2262:no elections
2261:
2248:
2244:no elections
2243:
2230:
2226:no elections
2225:
2212:
2208:no elections
2207:
2194:
2190:no elections
2189:
2164:
2160:no elections
2159:
2134:
2104:
2100:no elections
2099:
2074:
2070:no elections
2069:
2044:
2016:
1986:
1982:no elections
1981:
1956:
1952:no elections
1951:
1926:
1922:no elections
1921:
1894:
1860:
1856:no elections
1855:
1830:
1826:no elections
1825:
1800:
1796:no elections
1795:
1770:
1738:
1734:no elections
1733:
1708:
1704:no elections
1703:
1678:
1648:
1644:no elections
1643:
1618:
1614:no elections
1613:
1588:
1584:no elections
1583:
1558:
1472:
1452:
1429:
1400:East Germany
1380:World War II
1365:
1348:
1336:child labour
1329:
1305:
1276:
1270:
1244:
1224:
1215:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1172:
1160:Please help
1155:verification
1152:
1111:
1087:
1064:
1042:
1007:
991:Joop den Uyl
968:
965:out, CPN in"
932:
915:
907:Labour Party
894:
878:
874:
870:
866:
864:
833:
830:
807:
777:
773:
759:
743:Dutch Indies
736:
718:. Wijnkoop,
716:Leon Trotsky
693:
657:
653:syndicalists
640:
622:
595:
580:
559:
549:
515:
509:
480:
448:
430:
383:
362:
360:
276:Before 1980s
275:
236:Headquarters
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4799:Nationalist
4276:7 September
4180:Jarvis 1987
3904:Atlanticism
3892:revisionist
3827:De Waarheid
3468:no election
3440:no election
3412:no election
3381:Ina Brouwer
3354:no election
3324:no election
3296:no election
3268:no election
3212:no election
3182:no election
3152:no election
3124:no election
3034:no election
3004:no election
2974:no election
1528:Membership
1416:Vietnam War
1388:West German
1372:World War I
1090:Ina Brouwer
1061:Dissolution
1022:Ina Brouwer
969:Before the
778:De Waarheid
694:Before the
662:Gorter and
618:Willy Kruyt
552:World War I
465:revisionist
392:Netherlands
322:(1947–1956)
317:(1919–1943)
186:(1982–1991)
184:Ina Brouwer
181:(1967–1982)
176:(1945–1967)
169:(1925–1935)
164:(1909–1925)
5221:GroenLinks
5185:Categories
5053:RSP - RSAP
4916:GroenLinks
4832:Pensioners
4375:2022-09-14
4291:Koole, R.
4168:Poeze 2008
3976:References
3951:GroenLinks
3822:De Tribune
3772:Reiderland
3742:Electorate
3671:Gelderland
3661:Overijssel
1485:, and the
1463:gay rights
1444:referendum
1271:After the
1251:capitalist
1188:newspapers
1102:gay rights
1079:GroenLinks
770:resistance
680:Tan Malaka
649:anarchists
497:Mensheviks
493:Bolsheviks
481:De Tribune
451:De Tribune
427:Foundation
412:GroenLinks
251:Youth wing
230:GroenLinks
208:1991-06-15
80:newspapers
4961:IKB - SAP
4845:Union 55+
4771:Far-right
4748:Communist
4664:Socialist
4362:0007-4810
4025:143491792
3981:Citations
3896:reformist
3860:Cominform
3856:Comintern
3764:Groningen
3756:Rotterdam
3752:Amsterdam
3641:Friesland
3631:Groningen
3622:Province
3583:Groningen
1376:Indonesia
1266:reformist
1262:communist
1255:socialist
1119:communist
953:1967–1989
895:Bruggroep
879:Bruggroep
867:Bruggroep
788:1945–1963
690:1922–1945
674:. In the
664:Pannekoek
645:Comintern
608:with the
598:July 1918
572:The Hague
568:Rotterdam
564:Amsterdam
546:1909–1922
528:The Hague
524:Rotterdam
520:Amsterdam
473:reformist
433:Jan Ceton
431:In 1907,
351:Elections
320:Cominform
315:Comintern
244:Amsterdam
201:Dissolved
5126:Solidara
4581:Reformed
4470:Catholic
4155:45343323
4072:4 August
4049:4 August
3935:New Left
3798:Congress
1455:New Left
1438:and the
1432:monarchy
1406:and the
1356:taxation
1344:striking
1340:work day
1320:feminism
1123:Leninist
1051:senators
1035:Old Left
1026:New Left
836:Cold War
612:and the
510:Tesnjaki
507:and the
477:Deventer
406:and the
386:) was a
293:Far-left
263:Ideology
5161:APN(no)
5106:CCR m/l
4999:Defunct
4897:Current
4518:Liberal
3884:Marxist
3760:Zaandam
3731:Limburg
3711:Zeeland
3681:Utrecht
3651:Drenthe
3472:11,594
3458:14+5**
3444:13,868
3430:14+5**
3416:14,370
3402:14+5**
3388:14,370
3374:14+5**
3358:15,014
3328:15,510
3300:14,979
3272:15,298
3244:13,082
3216:11,550
3187:unknown
3157:unknown
3128:10,147
3099:unknown
3069:unknown
3039:unknown
3009:unknown
2979:unknown
2949:unknown
2917:unknown
2887:unknown
2857:unknown
2827:unknown
2797:unknown
2767:unknown
2737:unknown
2708:11,262
2680:12,317
2652:12,858
2623:unknown
2592:15,463
2563:unknown
2534:17,000
2507:unknown
2475:unknown
2446:27,392
2418:34,000
2390:53,000
2362:53,000
2334:50,000
2303:unknown
2285:unknown
2267:unknown
2249:unknown
2231:unknown
2213:unknown
2195:unknown
2165:unknown
2135:unknown
2105:unknown
2075:unknown
2045:unknown
2017:unknown
1987:unknown
1957:unknown
1927:unknown
1895:unknown
1861:unknown
1831:unknown
1801:unknown
1771:unknown
1739:unknown
1709:unknown
1679:unknown
1649:unknown
1619:unknown
1589:unknown
1559:unknown
1459:women's
1414:in the
1396:Hungary
1354:, that
1303:(RSP).
1202:scholar
963:Van Agt
933:In the
848:Frisian
623:As the
536:Utrecht
522:(160),
499:in the
457:Marxist
443:of the
422:History
390:in the
327:Colours
206: (
191:Founded
94:scholar
5151:RJ m/l
5131:KAOm/l
5028:CPN-CC
4966:PSP'92
4398:
4360:
4252:
4227:
4153:
4023:
3943:Greens
3817:pillar
3598:Beerta
3571:Senate
3559:7,000
3545:4+4**
3531:8,500
3517:4+4**
3503:9,000
3488:4+4**
1479:Senate
1440:Senate
1308:Maoist
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1045:). In
1014:Beerta
893:. The
826:Senate
637:Leiden
542:(15).
540:Bussum
538:(25),
534:(56),
532:Leiden
530:(45),
526:(65),
439:, and
402:, the
157:Leader
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4706:Other
4369:(PDF)
4338:(PDF)
4295:[
4151:JSTOR
4096:[
4043:(PDF)
4021:S2CID
3594:mayor
3536:1988
3508:1987
3449:1985
3421:1984
3393:1983
3305:1980
3277:1979
3249:1978
3193:1976
3163:1975
3133:1974
3105:1973
3015:1970
2985:1969
2955:1968
2893:1966
2863:1965
2833:1964
2773:1962
2743:1961
2713:1960
2657:1958
2629:1957
2569:1955
2539:1954
2513:1953
2451:1951
2423:1950
2395:1949
2339:1947
2291:1945
2273:1944
2255:1943
2237:1942
2219:1941
2201:1940
2171:1939
2141:1938
2081:1936
2051:1935
2023:1934
1963:1932
1933:1931
1904:1+1*
1901:1930
1872:1+1*
1837:1928
1807:1927
1777:1926
1715:1924
1685:1923
1625:1921
1595:1920
1565:1919
1495:Year
1209:JSTOR
1195:books
1041:(VCN,
1010:mayor
977:. In
367:Dutch
305:Grael
101:JSTOR
87:books
5156:MLPN
5141:BNML
5121:S'93
5111:KAPN
5096:BKSP
5063:DS70
5018:SDAP
4956:NCPN
4951:BIJ1
4933:DENK
4921:PvdA
4396:ISBN
4358:ISSN
4278:2010
4250:ISBN
4225:ISBN
4206:2022
4198:BWSA
4074:2012
4051:2012
3916:USSR
3908:NATO
3894:and
3776:NCPN
3754:and
3497:***
3478:1986
3364:1982
3334:1981
3261:n/a
3235:n/a
3222:1977
3205:n/a
3175:n/a
3145:n/a
3117:n/a
3089:n/a
3076:1972
3059:n/a
3046:1971
3027:n/a
2997:n/a
2967:n/a
2937:n/a
2924:1967
2905:n/a
2875:n/a
2845:n/a
2817:n/a
2804:1963
2785:n/a
2755:n/a
2725:n/a
2699:n/a
2686:1959
2669:n/a
2641:n/a
2611:n/a
2598:1956
2581:n/a
2551:n/a
2525:n/a
2495:n/a
2482:1952
2463:n/a
2435:n/a
2407:n/a
2381:n/a
2368:1948
2351:n/a
2323:n/a
2310:1946
2183:n/a
2153:n/a
2125:n/a
2112:1937
2093:n/a
2063:n/a
2035:n/a
2007:n/a
1994:1933
1975:n/a
1945:n/a
1913:n/a
1881:n/a
1868:1929
1849:n/a
1819:n/a
1789:n/a
1759:n/a
1746:1925
1727:n/a
1697:n/a
1669:n/a
1656:1922
1637:n/a
1607:n/a
1577:n/a
1547:n/a
1534:1918
1461:and
1446:and
1442:. A
1404:NATO
1394:and
1181:news
1108:Name
1047:1986
983:1972
979:1971
925:and
923:NATO
856:1956
762:Nazi
714:and
581:The
570:and
495:and
471:and
361:The
73:news
5166:VCN
5136:KAO
5116:KCB
5091:SDV
5086:SWP
5058:PSP
5048:OSP
5038:BCS
5033:CSP
5013:SDB
4976:VCP
4350:doi
4147:208
4013:doi
3608:of
3232:19
3202:19
3172:19
3142:19
3114:27
3086:27
3056:27
3024:27
2994:13
2964:13
2934:13
2902:13
2872:13
2842:13
2814:13
2782:13
2752:18
2722:18
2696:18
2666:18
2638:24
2608:24
2578:24
2548:24
2522:31
2492:31
2460:31
2432:31
2404:58
2378:58
2348:58
2342:10
2320:58
2314:10
2180:12
2150:12
2122:12
2090:12
2060:12
2032:10
2004:10
1972:10
1942:10
1499:HoR
1164:by
591:NAS
384:CPN
331:Red
56:by
5187::
5146:RJ
5081:SU
4971:IS
4928:SP
4356:.
4346:19
4344:.
4340:.
4313:.
4196:.
4141:.
4129:^
4119:.
4082:^
4019:.
4009:11
4007:.
3989:^
3953:.
3906:,
3886:,
3862:.
3735:0
3725:0
3715:0
3705:2
3695:6
3685:0
3675:0
3665:1
3655:1
3645:1
3635:2
3589:.
3573:.
3548:1
3542:2
3539:0
3520:1
3514:2
3511:0
3491:1
3485:2
3482:0
3461:1
3455:2
3452:3
3433:1
3427:2
3424:3
3405:0
3399:2
3396:3
3377:0
3371:2
3368:3
3347:0
3344:5
3341:1
3338:3
3317:0
3314:5
3311:1
3308:2
3289:0
3286:5
3283:2
3280:2
3258:5
3255:2
3252:2
3229:2
3226:2
3199:4
3196:7
3169:4
3166:7
3139:4
3136:7
3111:3
3108:7
3083:3
3080:7
3053:3
3050:6
3021:1
3018:5
2991:1
2988:5
2961:1
2958:5
2931:1
2928:5
2899:1
2896:4
2869:1
2866:4
2839:1
2836:4
2811:1
2808:4
2779:2
2776:3
2749:2
2746:3
2719:2
2716:3
2693:4
2690:3
2663:4
2660:7
2635:4
2632:7
2605:4
2602:7
2575:2
2572:6
2545:2
2542:6
2519:2
2516:6
2489:3
2486:6
2457:3
2454:8
2429:4
2426:8
2401:4
2398:8
2375:4
2372:8
2345:4
2317:4
2177:0
2174:4
2147:0
2144:4
2119:0
2116:4
2087:0
2084:4
2057:0
2054:4
2029:0
2026:4
2001:0
1998:4
1969:0
1966:1
1939:0
1936:2
1910:7
1907:0
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