204:
ceilings, lighting, furniture and cleaning, window cleaning, deep cleans of sanitary conveniences and washing facilities, kitchens and dining areas, consumables and feminine hygiene facilities as well as cleaning of telephones, IT, and other periodic cleaning as required. Essentially, everything involved with a commercial business, be it cleaning a property for a real estate agent, or cleaning the aftermath of a building project. Carpet cleaning though, even with regular vacuuming, needs hot water extraction applied every 18 to 24 months. External cleaning, litter picking, and removal of graffiti may also be incorporated.
186:
4087:
246:
Many commercial cleaning companies provide on-the-job training for all new employees due to the nonexistence of tertiary based courses for the cleaning industry. A trend in the cleaning industry is the elimination of the usage of more hazardous chemicals such as drain cleaners due to liability and environmental concerns. Individuals employed in commercial cleaning typically hold the job title of
4111:
69:
4099:
189:
193:
192:
188:
187:
194:
250:, custodian, or day porter. A study was conducted on hazardous chemicals and the effect they have on employees in the commercial cleaning field. Results from this study showed that the chemicals being used by these employees had respiratory, dermatological and many other negative issues associated with them.
176:
jobs in a variety of premises.Commercial cleaners, often referred to as custodians or janitors, work in a many different types for building such as schools, banks, offices, etc. As a janitor or custodian, the main job duty is to disinfect/ pick up in the fast-paced environments that come with working
245:
The commercial cleaning industry is extremely competitive and employees tend to be at the lower end of the pay scale.The salary for working in the commercial cleaning industry rage from approximately $ 31,000 to $ 48,000, depending on the job title. However, unionized workers may earn higher wages.
195:
191:
203:
Commercial office cleaning companies use a wide variety of cleaning methods, chemicals, and equipment to facilitate and expedite the cleaning process. The scope of work may include all internal, general and routine cleaning - including floors, tiles, partition walls, internal walls, suspended
3765:
3780:
190:
3751:
257:. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, cleaners working in schools, children's care homes and childcare premises are required by law to undergo a criminal record check
3758:
3770:
2743:
3790:
1705:
355:
3800:
1700:
449:
341:
490:
86:
997:
3775:
2555:
3795:
1801:
394:
325:
253:
In
Australia, the United States, and Europe, commercial cleaning companies are encouraged to screen all employees for evidence of a
152:
133:
3513:
1488:
105:
1246:
212:
342:"Stan Atkins, Group CEO, British Institute of Cleaning Science (BISCs), December 2013, FM Magazine (UK & Ireland Edition)"
2783:
90:
208:
112:
4090:
1648:
513:
2897:
1718:
30:
2748:
2606:
2126:
2108:
1760:
119:
4138:
2813:
1728:
1493:
266:
79:
3610:
3066:
2616:
2601:
2574:
2224:
2054:
54:"Cleaning company" redirects here. For the Australian documentary film also known as "The Cleaning Company", see
101:
3957:
3698:
2865:
2758:
2626:
483:
412:"Occupational hazards experienced by cleaning workers and janitors: A review of the epidemiologic literature"
3738:
3430:
2661:
2545:
2165:
2049:
1575:
607:
4061:
4041:
3952:
3947:
2986:
2912:
2418:
2413:
2158:
1688:
972:
967:
4102:
3897:
3812:
3546:
3423:
3142:
3120:
3071:
2621:
2379:
2243:
1765:
1711:
1683:
1017:
840:
654:
3972:
3404:
3260:
2973:
2468:
2362:
1978:
1735:
1678:
1673:
1054:
817:
500:
2265:
4114:
4056:
4031:
3914:
3688:
3645:
3605:
3571:
3305:
3272:
3130:
2944:
2924:
2656:
2484:
2463:
2219:
1951:
1374:
476:
4009:
4004:
3817:
3650:
3177:
3155:
3150:
3108:
3081:
3041:
2495:
2389:
2343:
2255:
2214:
2197:
2080:
2075:
1796:
1777:
1745:
1590:
1514:
1278:
1134:
1079:
1074:
768:
126:
386:
380:
317:
311:
3877:
3693:
3667:
3655:
3640:
3551:
3399:
3226:
3125:
3056:
2738:
2733:
2673:
2666:
2631:
2394:
2209:
2117:
1865:
1818:
1695:
1555:
1545:
1510:
1500:
1468:
1411:
1406:
1309:
597:
555:
431:
390:
321:
55:
3979:
3907:
3902:
3470:
3448:
3408:
3384:
3348:
3320:
3300:
3248:
3093:
3033:
2828:
2611:
2579:
2567:
2448:
2333:
2250:
2192:
1971:
1828:
1823:
1787:
1626:
1369:
1354:
1331:
1304:
875:
847:
671:
642:
575:
423:
254:
215:(ISSA), both publish standards for managers and operatives engaged in cleaning activities.
4036:
3984:
3615:
3478:
3333:
3243:
3233:
3221:
3200:
3076:
3061:
2843:
2838:
2678:
2589:
2473:
2458:
2453:
2234:
2148:
1929:
1772:
1752:
1458:
1211:
1002:
935:
711:
659:
622:
4014:
3937:
3703:
3588:
3566:
3353:
3340:
3283:
3216:
3204:
3098:
2939:
2907:
2808:
2562:
2534:
2499:
2440:
1998:
1993:
1961:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1791:
1740:
1634:
1550:
1326:
1265:
1139:
992:
987:
930:
905:
822:
691:
582:
570:
540:
4132:
4051:
3561:
3315:
3196:
3006:
2823:
2818:
2683:
2520:
2504:
2372:
2358:
2239:
2202:
2133:
2065:
2059:
2044:
1939:
1924:
1832:
1483:
1336:
1319:
1299:
1273:
1114:
1059:
895:
681:
565:
3994:
3929:
3882:
3578:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3103:
2961:
2688:
2643:
2513:
2509:
2477:
2367:
2289:
2260:
2185:
2180:
2070:
1988:
1919:
1874:
1723:
1605:
1585:
1570:
1534:
1529:
1505:
1421:
1314:
1191:
1012:
852:
807:
797:
763:
664:
4046:
4026:
3999:
3825:
3583:
3483:
3181:
3170:
3165:
3113:
2991:
2981:
2850:
2550:
2306:
2275:
2270:
2229:
2138:
1914:
1889:
1884:
1853:
1610:
1565:
1473:
1453:
1186:
1109:
1069:
957:
812:
701:
686:
676:
632:
612:
532:
228:
224:
68:
3989:
3919:
3889:
3872:
3850:
3660:
3593:
3530:
3525:
3238:
3186:
3011:
2934:
2833:
2728:
2406:
2316:
2301:
2284:
2280:
2037:
1956:
1806:
1540:
1436:
1416:
1347:
1181:
1154:
940:
831:
827:
802:
716:
617:
560:
435:
4021:
3967:
3867:
3845:
3830:
3632:
3363:
3255:
3191:
3088:
3001:
2956:
2892:
2877:
2723:
2594:
2384:
2311:
2175:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1811:
1600:
1580:
1463:
1426:
1206:
1119:
1094:
1084:
920:
835:
721:
696:
286:
411:
199:
A video on research on the health effects of exposure to cleaning chemicals
427:
3962:
3672:
3600:
3288:
3016:
2996:
2917:
2753:
2708:
2651:
2584:
2353:
2112:
1983:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1524:
1448:
1196:
1149:
1124:
1104:
910:
780:
755:
743:
169:
3857:
3840:
3620:
3488:
3418:
3394:
3293:
2929:
2855:
2490:
2430:
2423:
2338:
2296:
2143:
2122:
2103:
2085:
2027:
1966:
1934:
1879:
1595:
1519:
1379:
1359:
1288:
1216:
1129:
1022:
977:
950:
900:
890:
885:
880:
857:
775:
738:
726:
247:
240:
173:
3942:
3328:
3211:
3051:
2860:
2803:
2713:
2693:
2328:
2170:
2153:
1782:
1441:
1431:
1394:
1384:
1364:
1283:
1221:
1201:
1176:
1169:
1159:
1099:
1032:
1027:
982:
787:
550:
545:
51:
Cleaning service provided for commercial buildings and establishments
468:
3862:
3835:
3389:
3160:
3023:
2887:
2795:
2698:
2401:
2018:
945:
915:
647:
637:
602:
592:
184:
3541:
3358:
3046:
2949:
2902:
2321:
2032:
1399:
1389:
1164:
1064:
962:
925:
731:
706:
587:
3726:
3511:
2781:
1244:
511:
472:
2703:
2022:
1944:
1653:
792:
627:
62:
410:
Charles, Luenda E.; Loomis, Dana; Demissie, Zewditu (2009).
450:"Changes to disclosure and barring: What you need to know"
223:
Contracts often require the cleaning companies to provide
34:
3928:
3811:
3737:
3681:
3631:
3524:
3374:
3314:
3271:
3141:
3032:
2972:
2876:
2794:
2642:
2533:
2439:
2096:
1864:
1664:
1264:
1257:
1047:
868:
754:
531:
524:
207:The two global cleaning industry associations, the
93:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
356:"Cleaning occupations: annual wages U.S. 2022"
231:, toilet rolls, liquid soap, bin liners, etc.
484:
8:
382:Start and Run a Successful Cleaning Business
313:Start and Run a Successful Cleaning Business
18:
3734:
3723:
3521:
3508:
2791:
2778:
1261:
1254:
1241:
528:
521:
508:
491:
477:
469:
213:International Sanitary Supply Association
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
24:This is an accepted version of this page
278:
20:
293:, Oxford University Press, 2023-03-02
209:British Institute of Cleaning Science
7:
4098:
91:adding citations to reliable sources
49:
181:Cleaning techniques and equipment
4109:
4097:
4086:
4085:
385:. Oxford: How to Books. p.
316:. Oxford: How to Books. p.
67:
4110:
1645:Outdoors & sports equipment
78:needs additional citations for
1:
1649:Personal protective equipment
4155:
267:List of cleaning companies
238:
53:
4080:
3733:
3722:
3520:
3507:
2790:
2777:
1253:
1240:
520:
507:
291:Oxford English Dictionary
177:in commercial buildings.
3958:Mergers and acquisitions
3699:Research and development
2064:Chemical & hormonal
1719:Communications equipment
31:latest accepted revision
2749:Painting and decorating
1773:Medical imaging systems
1706:Parts & peripherals
379:Gorden, Robert (2008).
310:Gorden, Robert (2008).
4062:State-owned enterprise
4042:Nonprofit organization
3953:Horizontal integration
1766:Scientific instruments
1729:Network infrastructure
200:
3405:Private investigation
428:10.3233/wor-2009-0907
198:
102:"Commercial cleaning"
3973:Vertical integration
1979:Speciality chemicals
1819:Electrical equipment
1736:Consumer electronics
87:improve this article
4057:Sole proprietorship
4032:Joint-stock company
3306:Veterinary medicine
3131:Property management
2925:Passenger transport
1952:Commodity chemicals
1778:Optical instruments
1746:Video game consoles
1639:Musical instruments
1480:Media reproduction
255:criminal background
166:Commercial cleaning
21:Page version status
4005:Putting-out system
3514:Information sector
3435:Personal services
3042:Financial services
2514:offshore platforms
2363:advanced materials
2344:Ready-mix concrete
1797:Laser construction
1757:Clocks and watches
1591:Injection moulding
1562:Other fabrication
1515:household hardware
201:
27:
4139:Cleaning industry
4126:
4125:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
3903:Natural resources
3748:Production-based
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3656:Vocational school
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2734:Electrical wiring
2720:Specialty trades
2674:Civil engineering
2529:
2528:
2203:Vulcanized rubber
1999:Cleaning products
1839:Electric lighting
1556:Surface finishing
1546:Powder metallurgy
1501:Metal fabrication
1247:Industrial sector
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1135:Rare-earth metals
1043:
1042:
196:
163:
162:
155:
137:
56:Clean (2022 film)
39:10 September 2024
4146:
4113:
4112:
4101:
4100:
4089:
4088:
3985:Enforced breakup
3980:Decentralization
3908:Physical capital
3735:
3724:
3522:
3509:
3385:Customer service
3301:Residential care
3249:Public relations
3057:Financial advice
3034:Asset management
2829:Department store
2792:
2779:
2759:Site preparation
2607:Telecom networks
2575:Waste management
2551:Gas distribution
2235:Synthetic fibers
1962:Industrial gases
1701:Computer systems
1635:Medical supplies
1262:
1255:
1242:
672:Animal husbandry
643:Medicinal plants
529:
522:
509:
493:
486:
479:
470:
463:
462:
460:
459:
454:
446:
440:
439:
407:
401:
400:
376:
370:
369:
367:
366:
352:
346:
345:
338:
332:
331:
307:
301:
300:
299:
298:
283:
211:(BICSc) and the
197:
158:
151:
147:
144:
138:
136:
95:
71:
63:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4068:
4037:Nationalization
3924:
3894:Primary inputs
3815:
3807:
3740:
3739:Classification
3729:
3710:
3677:
3627:
3611:Social networks
3528:
3516:
3495:
3479:Business travel
3381:Administrative
3370:
3354:Amusement parks
3318:
3310:
3284:Dentist offices
3267:
3137:
3104:Pension funding
3077:Risk management
3062:Holding company
3028:
2968:
2880:
2872:
2844:Specialty store
2839:Online shopping
2786:
2765:
2638:
2525:
2435:
2092:
2050:Pharmaceuticals
1994:Aroma compounds
1930:Petroleum jelly
1860:
1849:Home appliances
1844:Electric motors
1792:spotting scopes
1753:Instrumentation
1666:
1660:
1642:Office supplies
1249:
1228:
1212:Dimension stone
1146:Other minerals
1091:Mining of ores
1039:
864:
750:
697:Other livestock
583:Permanent crops
516:
503:
497:
467:
466:
457:
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
409:
408:
404:
397:
378:
377:
373:
364:
362:
354:
353:
349:
340:
339:
335:
328:
309:
308:
304:
296:
294:
285:
284:
280:
275:
263:
243:
237:
221:
185:
183:
159:
148:
142:
139:
96:
94:
84:
72:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4152:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4015:Temporary work
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3938:Centralization
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3822:
3820:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:Basic research
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3533:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3234:Legal services
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3205:system testing
3194:
3189:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Money transfer
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Passenger rail
2937:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Moving company
2905:
2900:
2895:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:Consumer goods
2811:
2809:Car dealership
2800:
2798:
2788:
2787:
2784:Service sector
2782:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2507:
2502:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2445:
2443:
2441:Heavy industry
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2380:Metal refining
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:Synthetic gems
2370:
2365:
2356:
2350:Other mineral
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2240:Thermoplastics
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2115:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:contraceptives
2062:
2060:Blood products
2057:
2047:
2045:Fine chemicals
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Petrochemicals
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1689:Semiconductors
1686:
1684:Circuit boards
1681:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:Prefabrication
1548:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Cassette tapes
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:Vegetable oils
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:Dairy products
1291:
1286:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1266:Light industry
1259:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
955:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
872:
870:
866:
865:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
848:Wild mushrooms
845:
844:
843:
838:
825:
823:Natural rubber
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
790:
785:
784:
783:
773:
772:
771:
760:
758:
752:
751:
749:
748:
747:
746:
736:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
669:
668:
667:
662:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:Tropical fruit
605:
600:
595:
590:
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
541:Arable farming
537:
535:
526:
518:
517:
514:Natural sector
512:
505:
504:
498:
496:
495:
488:
481:
473:
465:
464:
441:
422:(1): 105–116.
402:
395:
371:
347:
333:
326:
302:
277:
276:
274:
271:
270:
269:
262:
259:
239:Main article:
236:
233:
220:
217:
182:
179:
168:companies are
161:
160:
143:September 2014
75:
73:
66:
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4151:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4118:
4117:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Privatization
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3826:Externalities
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:Market-based
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:Audio-visual
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3316:Entertainment
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Payment cards
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Food delivery
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Drink service
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:& Storage
2879:
2875:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Grocery store
2822:
2820:
2819:General store
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Rail vehicles
2503:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2478:wind turbines
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Machine tools
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:Carbon fibers
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Illegal drugs
2074:
2072:
2071:Generic drugs
2069:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Agrochemicals
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:Pure elements
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Synthetic oil
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Lens grinding
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Mobile phones
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:storage media
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:& optical
1663:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:Optical discs
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Bottled water
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:Manufacturing
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Sea cucumbers
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
873:
871:
867:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
794:
791:
789:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
761:
759:
757:
753:
745:
742:
741:
740:
737:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Dairy farming
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:Apples et al.
586:
585:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
538:
536:
534:
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
502:
494:
489:
487:
482:
480:
475:
474:
471:
451:
445:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
403:
398:
396:9781845282844
392:
388:
384:
383:
375:
372:
361:
357:
351:
348:
343:
337:
334:
329:
327:9781845282844
323:
319:
315:
314:
306:
303:
292:
288:
287:"janitor, n."
282:
279:
272:
268:
265:
264:
260:
258:
256:
251:
249:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
218:
216:
214:
210:
205:
180:
178:
175:
172:to carry out
171:
167:
157:
154:
146:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104: –
103:
99:
98:Find sources:
92:
88:
82:
81:
76:This article
74:
70:
65:
64:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4010:Spinning-off
3995:Homesteading
3948:Conglomerate
3930:Organization
3883:Raw material
3878:Intermediate
3757:
3756:
3579:Broadcasting
3484:Cruise lines
3454:Maid service
3444:Dry cleaning
3415:Maintenance
3178:Architecture
3143:Professional
2962:Self storage
2866:Distribution
2644:Construction
2489:Other heavy
2414:Formed metal
2368:Mineral wool
2290:Safety glass
2261:Fused quartz
2256:Borosilicate
1920:Paraffin wax
1875:oil refining
1854:Transformers
1620:Other goods
1606:Stonemasonry
1586:Glassblowing
1571:Blow molding
1530:Locksmithing
1506:Boilermaking
1055:Fossil fuels
853:Fungiculture
808:Gutta-percha
798:Frankincense
793:Tree tapping
764:Silviculture
744:Fur trapping
655:Horticulture
603:Stone fruits
456:. Retrieved
444:
419:
415:
405:
387:57 Chapter 5
381:
374:
363:. Retrieved
359:
350:
336:
312:
305:
295:, retrieved
290:
281:
252:
244:
229:paper towels
222:
206:
202:
165:
164:
149:
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
97:
85:Please help
80:verification
77:
60:
38:
29:This is the
23:
4047:Partnership
4027:Cooperative
4000:Outsourcing
3990:Freelancing
3868:Commodities
3572:Video games
3547:Periodicals
3424:Landscaping
3359:Fairgrounds
3261:Advertising
3182:engineering
3166:Bookkeeping
3121:Real estate
3114:Reinsurance
3012:Restaurants
2982:Foodservice
2974:Hospitality
2957:Warehousing
2945:Ridesharing
2935:Car rentals
2667:Residential
2602:Remediation
2485:Automobiles
2307:Earthenware
2276:Glass fiber
2271:Float glass
2081:Supplements
2055:Antibiotics
1957:Fertilizers
1915:Mineral oil
1890:Diesel fuel
1873:Coal &
1833:fiber optic
1807:Microscopes
1761:GPS devices
1741:Televisions
1674:Electronics
1665:Electrical
1611:Woodworking
1566:3D printing
1525:Gunsmithing
1489:Phonographs
1474:Typesetting
1454:Bookbinding
1417:Dressmaking
1412:Accessories
1344:Soft drinks
1279:Animal feed
1070:Natural gas
958:Aquaculture
941:Sea urchins
813:Maple syrup
687:Fur farming
677:Beef cattle
613:Viticulture
561:Fiber crops
533:Agriculture
225:consumables
219:Consumables
3920:Technology
3890:Innovation
3851:Well-being
3661:University
3594:Television
3531:Mass media
3526:Publishing
3364:Nightclubs
3273:Healthcare
3244:Consulting
3239:Management
3187:Inspection
3171:Tax advice
3151:Accounting
3082:Securities
2898:Intermodal
2834:Mail order
2729:Demolition
2662:Industrial
2657:Commercial
2580:Collection
2431:Cast metal
2317:Refractory
2285:fiberglass
2281:Glass wool
2244:thermosets
2220:Engineered
2149:Engineered
2144:Sawmilling
2038:Toiletries
2009:Explosives
1829:Electrical
1812:Telescopes
1679:Components
1437:Shoemaking
1155:Phosphorus
1048:Geological
998:Microalgae
841:Pine resin
828:Palm sugar
803:Gum arabic
717:Beekeeping
556:Vegetables
501:industries
458:2015-07-02
365:2024-05-01
297:2024-04-24
273:References
170:contracted
113:newspapers
4022:Ownership
3968:Monopsony
3846:Pollution
3831:Community
3741:standards
3646:Secondary
3633:Education
3616:Streaming
3289:Hospitals
3280:Medicine
3256:Marketing
3192:Surveying
3156:Assurance
3126:Brokerage
3089:Insurance
3017:Teahouses
3002:Fast food
2893:Air cargo
2878:Transport
2861:Brokerage
2851:Wholesale
2739:Elevators
2724:Cabinetry
2652:Buildings
2632:Telephone
2627:Satellite
2595:Recycling
2590:Hazardous
2556:Renewable
2535:Utilities
2496:Aerospace
2464:Hydraulic
2454:Conveyors
2449:Machinery
2354:Abrasives
2312:Porcelain
2266:Soda-lime
2225:Specialty
2215:Commodity
2176:Cardboard
2159:Composite
2097:Materials
2014:Fireworks
2004:Cosmetics
1984:Adhesives
1866:Chemicals
1824:Batteries
1696:Computers
1631:Jewellery
1617:Furniture
1601:Sintering
1581:Extrusion
1535:Machining
1511:Builders'
1464:Engraving
1459:Embossing
1442:Tailoring
1427:Hatmaking
1327:Beverages
1310:Preserved
1207:Limestone
1177:Quarrying
1150:Gemstones
1120:Palladium
1085:Tar sands
1080:Petroleum
1075:Oil shale
921:Swordfish
881:Anchovies
722:Cochineal
436:1051-9815
4133:Category
4092:Category
3963:Monopoly
3915:Services
3694:Language
3689:Creative
3673:Tutoring
3651:Tertiary
3621:Websites
3601:Internet
3552:Software
3538:Written
3459:Pet care
3419:Janitors
3409:security
3400:Staffing
3329:Gambling
3222:Interior
3203:, &
3197:Physical
3109:Property
2997:Catering
2930:Airlines
2918:Trucking
2754:Plumbing
2709:Dredging
2684:Railways
2617:Internet
2612:Cable TV
2546:Electric
2491:vehicles
2390:Aluminum
2297:Ceramics
2210:Plastics
2123:Currying
2113:deliming
2086:Vaccines
2028:Perfumes
1967:Pigments
1910:Kerosene
1905:Jet fuel
1900:Gasoline
1895:Fuel oil
1627:Bicycles
1541:smithing
1449:Printing
1407:Clothing
1375:Spinning
1355:Textiles
1305:Prepared
1125:Platinum
1095:Aluminum
1023:Scallops
936:Lobsters
911:Mackerel
891:Sardines
858:Truffles
834:, &
781:Firewood
756:Forestry
566:Oilseeds
360:Statista
261:See also
227:such as
174:cleaning
35:reviewed
4116:Outline
4104:Commons
3858:Funding
3841:Culture
3818:outputs
3728:Related
3668:Testing
3641:Primary
3606:Hosting
3489:Tourism
3475:Travel
3471:Poverty
3449:Funeral
3431:Repairs
3395:Renting
3390:Leasing
3349:Arcades
3345:Venues
3321:leisure
3294:Nursing
3227:Product
3217:Fashion
3201:product
3047:Banking
2856:Auction
2714:Harbors
2694:Tunnels
2679:Bridges
2585:Dumping
2521:Weapons
2339:Plaster
2230:Pellets
2118:Tanning
2104:Leather
1935:Propane
1880:Bitumen
1783:Cameras
1623:Baggage
1596:Pottery
1576:Drawing
1520:Cutlery
1385:Carpets
1380:Weaving
1360:Carding
1289:Canning
1217:Granite
1140:Uranium
1130:Lithium
1003:Seaweed
988:Oysters
983:Mussels
978:Abalone
973:Tilapia
968:Catfish
951:Whaling
906:Pollock
901:Haddock
886:Herring
876:Fishing
869:Aquatic
776:Logging
739:Hunting
727:Shellac
712:Poultry
660:Flowers
593:Berries
576:Tobacco
551:Legumes
546:Cereals
248:janitor
241:Cleaner
235:Workers
127:scholar
3943:Cartel
3816:&
3813:Inputs
3752:ANZSIC
3529:&
3439:Beauty
3407:&
3334:Online
3319:&
3212:Design
3180:&
3094:Health
3052:Credit
3024:Hotels
2804:Retail
2699:Canals
2622:Mobile
2568:Sewage
2542:Power
2512:&
2498:&
2476:&
2424:Forged
2419:Rolled
2402:Alloys
2395:Copper
2361:&
2334:Mortar
2329:Cement
2283:&
2242:&
2193:Rubber
2186:Tissue
2171:Sizing
2154:Lumber
2139:Drying
2127:oiling
2125:&
2111:&
2109:Liming
2021:&
2019:Paints
1835:cables
1831:&
1790:&
1710:Blank
1539:Other
1513:&
1469:Secure
1432:Sewing
1395:Linens
1370:Prints
1365:Dyeing
1341:Liquor
1315:Sweets
1284:Baking
1222:Marble
1202:Gypsum
1182:Gravel
1170:Sulfur
1160:Potash
1115:Silver
1100:Copper
1033:Shrimp
1028:Salmon
993:Pearls
818:Mastic
788:Rattan
769:Bamboo
692:Horses
648:Spices
638:Olives
623:Coffee
598:Citrus
525:Biotic
499:Major
434:
393:
324:
129:
122:
115:
108:
100:
3898:Labor
3873:Final
3863:Goods
3836:Crime
3781:UKSIC
3771:NAICS
3682:Other
3589:Radio
3567:Music
3542:Books
3375:Other
3341:Sport
3161:Audit
2992:Cafés
2950:Taxis
2888:Cargo
2796:Sales
2689:Roads
2563:Water
2510:Ships
2500:space
2474:Power
2459:Heavy
2407:Steel
2302:Brick
2251:Glass
2198:Tires
2166:Paper
1296:Flour
1192:Chalk
1013:Clams
1009:Both
946:Squid
931:Crabs
916:Shark
832:syrup
665:Seeds
618:Cocoa
571:Sugar
453:(PDF)
134:JSTOR
120:books
3801:TRBC
3791:GICS
3766:NACE
3759:ISIC
3584:News
3562:Film
3099:Life
2913:Rail
2903:Mail
2744:HVAC
2704:Dams
2385:Iron
2322:Tile
2181:Pulp
2134:Wood
2033:Soap
2023:inks
1885:Coke
1654:Toys
1422:Furs
1400:Rope
1390:Lace
1348:Wine
1332:Beer
1300:Meat
1274:Food
1197:Clay
1187:Sand
1165:Salt
1110:Gold
1105:Iron
1065:Peat
1060:Coal
963:Carp
926:Tuna
836:wine
732:Silk
707:Wool
633:Nuts
432:ISSN
416:Work
391:ISBN
322:ISBN
106:news
3796:ICB
3776:SIC
3464:Sex
1945:Tar
1788:Gun
896:Cod
702:Pig
628:Tea
424:doi
89:by
37:on
4135::
3199:,
830:,
430:.
420:34
418:.
414:.
389:.
358:.
320:.
318:74
289:,
33:,
492:e
485:t
478:v
461:.
438:.
426::
399:.
368:.
344:.
330:.
156:)
150:(
145:)
141:(
131:·
124:·
117:·
110:·
83:.
58:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.