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formats. For instance, the System V and
Berkeley printing systems were largely incompatible with each other, and they required complicated scripts and workarounds to convert the program's data format to a printable format. They often could not detect the file format that was being sent to the printer and thus could not automatically and correctly convert the data stream. Additionally, data conversion was performed on individual workstations rather than a central server.
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1321:. Raymond had attempted to install CUPS using the Fedora Core 1 print manager but found it non-intuitive; he criticised the interface designers for not designing with the user's point of view in mind. He found the idea of printer queues not obvious because users create queues on their local computer but these queues are actually created on the CUPS server.
153:
606:
CUPS offers a standard and modularised printing system that can process numerous data formats on the print server. Before CUPS, it was difficult to find a standard printer management system that would accommodate the very wide variety of printers on the market using their own printer languages and
1344:
The meta-problem here is that the configuration wizard does all the approved rituals (GUI with standardized clicky buttons, help popping up in a browser, etc. etc.) but doesn't have the central attribute these are supposed to achieve: discoverability. That is, the quality that every point in the
1278:
The
PrinterSetup system can manage CUPS queues. It takes the approach of assigning a text file to describe each print queue. These 'PrinterSetupFiles' may then be added to other text files called 'PrinterSetupLists'. This allows logical grouping of printers. As of 2009 the PrinterSetup project
820:
The second line matches the file contents to the specified MIME type by determining that the first kilobyte of text in the file holds printable characters and that those characters include HTML markup. If the pattern above matches, then the filter system would mark the file as the MIME type
902:
It then determines the type of data that is being input and the filter to be used through the use of the MIME databases; for instance, image data will be detected and processed through a particular filter, and HTML data detected and processed through another filter.
2493:
548:(IPP) was chosen instead. CUPS was initially called "The Common UNIX Printing System". This name was shortened to just "CUPS" beginning with CUPS 1.4 due to legal concerns with the UNIX trademark. CUPS was quickly adopted as the default printing system for most
610:
CUPS allows printer manufacturers and printer-driver developers to more easily create drivers that work natively on the print server. Processing occurs on the server, allowing for easier network-based printing than with other Unix printing systems. With
1340:. He found the help file singularly unhelpful and largely irrelevant to a user's needs. Raymond used CUPS as a general topic to show that user-interface design on Linux desktops needs rethinking and more careful design. He stated:
1059:
CUPS provides both the System V and
Berkeley printing commands, so users can continue with traditional commands for printing via CUPS. CUPS uses port 631 (TCP and UDP), which is the standard IPP port, and optionally on port 515 by
776:
After the CUPS system has assigned the print job to the scheduler, it is passed to the CUPS filter system. This converts the data to a format suitable for the printer. During start-up, the CUPS daemon loads two MIME databases:
866:
text/plain application/postscript 50 texttops application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raster 50 pstoraster image/* application/vnd.cups-postscript 50 imagetops image/* application/vnd.cups-raster 50 imagetoraster
1307:, along with changing default printer properties in a window containing a list of installed printers. Jobs could also be started and stopped using a print manager, and the printer could be paused using a
1143:
CUPS 1.2 and later provide a revamped web interface which features improved readability and design, support for automatically discovered printers, and better access to system logs and advanced settings.
669:
The scheduler allows for classes of printers. Applications can send requests to groups of printers in a class, allowing the scheduler to direct the job to the first available printer in that class. A
1210:
and allows the administration of classes, print queues and print jobs; it includes a printer wizard to assist with adding new printers amongst other features. KDEPrint first appeared in KDE 2.2.
2827:
1736:
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1095:
commands are installed as compatible programs. This allows a standard interface to CUPS and allows maximum compatibility with existing applications that rely on these printing systems.
684:, and starts and stops the CUPS program. The configuration module will stop CUPS services during configuration file processing and then restart the service when processing is complete.
938:
format. The intermediary raster format is then passed onto a final filter which converts the raster data to a printer-specific format. The default filters included with CUPS include:
477:
and scheduler, a filter system that converts the print data to a format that the printer will understand, and a backend system that sends this data to the print device. CUPS uses the
3125:
2747:
2964:
1266:, and in printer proxy applications which display the print queues and allow additional configuration after printers are set up. Earlier versions of Mac OS X also included a
631:(LPD) requests to IPP. The scheduler also provides a web-based interface for managing print jobs, the configuration of the server, and for documentation about CUPS itself.
646:
programs as needed to support web-based printers, classes, and job status monitoring and administration. Once this module has processed its requests, it sends them to the
2896:
1140:
CUPS 1.1 replaced this interface with an enhanced administration interface that allows users to add, modify, delete, configure, and control classes, jobs, and printers.
673:
module manages print jobs, sending them to the filter and backend processes for final conversion and printing, and monitoring the status messages from those processes.
564:
hired chief developer
Michael Sweet and purchased the CUPS source code. On December 20, 2019, Michael Sweet announced on his blog that he had left Apple. In 2020, the
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2901:
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914:, which runs the PostScript data through another PostScript converter so that it can add printer-specific options like selecting page ranges to print, setting
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CUPS can process a variety of data formats on the print server. It converts the print-job data into the final language/format of the printer via a series of
3030:
2864:
2837:
2817:
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2842:
1213:
KDEPrint supports several different printing platforms, with CUPS one of the best supported. It replaced a previous version of printing support in KDE,
517:(PPD) format. There are a number of user interfaces for different platforms that can configure CUPS, and it has a built-in web-based interface. CUPS is
1229:. KDEPrint includes a system to pre-filter any jobs before they are handed over to CUPS, or to handle jobs all on its own, such as converting files to
756:
CUPS allows users to send different data to the CUPS server and have that data converted into a format the printer will understand and be able to print
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2519:
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1549:
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installed, users can address printers on remote
Windows computers, and generic PostScript drivers can be used for printing across the network.
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module controls which IPP and HTTP messages can pass through the system. Once the IPP/HTTP packets are authorized they are sent to the
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3082:
978:
As of 2009 other proprietary languages like GDI or SPL (Samsung
Printer Language) are supported by Splix, a raster to SPL translator.
2457:
2439:
3145:
3055:
3050:
1361:. ESP Print Pro ran on Windows, UNIX and Linux, but is no longer available and support for this product ended on December 31, 2007.
132:
718:(MIME) type and conversion database used in the filtering process that converts print data to a format suitable for a print device;
70:
63:
3363:
2874:
2782:
1324:
He also found the plethora of queue-type options confusing as he could choose from between networked CUPS (IPP), networked Unix (
1131:
2604:
3140:
2972:
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1493:
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interface has prompts and actions attached to it from which you can learn what to do next. Does your project have this quality?
2719:
726:
514:
918:-up mode and other device-specific things. After the pre-filtering is done, the data can either be sent directly to a CUPS
642:
module, which listens for and processes incoming connections. The client module is also responsible for executing external
3235:
3130:
2954:
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2692:
1586:
1396:
1207:
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a Print
Manager, which allows management of printers, such as adding and removing printers, through an Add Printer Wizard
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3301:
3155:
2949:
2362:
2135:
2039:
2007:
1911:
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628:
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CUPS provides a mechanism that allows print jobs to be sent to printers in a standard fashion. The print data goes to a
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502:
386:
230:
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3005:
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1975:
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that converts the print job into a format the printer will understand. The filter system then passes the data on to a
360:
208:
2618:
910:
data or directly into raster data. If it is converted into PostScript data an additional filter is applied called a
540:, started developing CUPS in 1997 and the first public betas appeared in 1999. The original design of CUPS used the
3383:
3373:
3160:
3045:
2822:
1069:
1014:
624:
545:
533:
478:
165:
113:
1708:
1134:. It particularly helps organisations that need to monitor print jobs and add print queues and printers remotely.
59:
3295:
3210:
3195:
848:
field lists the type of output requested and determines what program should be used. This is also retrieved from
663:
85:
1357:, the original creators of CUPS, created a GUI, provided support for many printers and implemented a PostScript
3290:
3087:
3040:
3025:
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2787:
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2564:
1230:
1203:
1092:
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1001:
The backends are the ways in which CUPS sends data to printers. There are several backends available for CUPS:
943:
643:
498:
494:
264:
2475:
1295:
Starting with Red Hat Linux 9, Red Hat provided an integrated print manager based on CUPS and integrated into
989:(previously known as Gimp-Print) is a range of high-quality printer drivers for (mostly) inkjet printers, and
1270:, which supplied configuration options missing from earlier versions of the Print & Fax preference pane.
666:
that indicates a name or address that can be used to refer to an abstract or physical resource on a network.
595:—a special filter that sends print data to a device or network connection. The system makes extensive use of
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1411:
1165:
92:
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2012:
1980:
1948:
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a Job Viewer/Manager, which manages printer jobs, such as hold/release, cancel and move to another printer
1152:
537:
490:
169:
3200:
2995:
2987:
2926:
2859:
1333:
1267:
1164:
starting from GNOME 3, CUPS printing has been handled in the
Settings application, which is part of the
692:
1225:
program, serves as the main tool for sending jobs to the print device; it can also be started from the
2538:
99:
3285:
3220:
3215:
2777:
1564:
1541:
1329:
1029:
1026:
506:
35:
3165:
2767:
1119:
1022:
765:
703:, handling child process errors and exits, and reloading the server configuration files as needed.
299:
3323:
1462:
216:
2712:
1664:"Has Apple abandoned CUPS, the Linux's world's widely used open-source printing system? Seems so"
1263:
1040:
971:
700:
549:
467:
463:
316:
81:
1663:
2586:
3245:
3092:
2772:
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2461:
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1300:
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455:
280:
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3010:
1440:
1128:
1048:
486:
447:
311:
271:
17:
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1314:
1182:
included integrated printing support based on CUPS in its version 2.10, released in 2006.
1137:
CUPS 1.0 provided a simple class, job, and printer-monitoring interface for web browsers.
1079:
which use the cups-lpd helper program to support LPD printing. When CUPS is installed the
856:
field assists in the selection of sets of filters when converting a file. The last field,
699:
module handles timeouts and dispatch of I/O requests for client connections, watching for
600:
1690:
1168:. The GUI can add CUPS printers and manage CUPS printers and queues. Before GNOME 3, the
250:
3077:
3000:
1176:
1111:
1013:
ports, cups-pdf PDF Virtual
Printing, as well as network backends that operate via the
895:
681:
659:
655:
612:
522:
2687:
2638:
1190:
3352:
3308:
3269:
3175:
2832:
2757:
2705:
2600:
1618:
1002:
993:
for Linux has another range of quality printer drivers for a wide range of printers.
518:
510:
474:
1483:
1047:) based printer discovery. In CUPS 1.6, Bonjour printer discovery and sharing using
3150:
3107:
3020:
1713:
1668:
1308:
1226:
1222:
875:
The filtering process works by taking input data pre-formatted with six arguments:
565:
459:
304:
752:
106:
3240:
3067:
3062:
2697:
1515:
1172:
Print
Settings (formerly called CUPS Manager) were used to perform these tasks.
1006:
931:
603:
of data to convert the data into a format suitable for the destination printer.
48:
2639:
Design of CUPS Filtering System — including the context for Mac OS X ("Jaguar")
2693:
Universal Plug and Play – Printer Device V 1.0 and Printer Basic Service V 1.0
2421:
2340:
2308:
2177:
2113:
2081:
1825:
1795:
1765:
1391:
1368:
1287:
990:
986:
907:
596:
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553:
346:
182:
177:
160:
2372:
2145:
2049:
2017:
1921:
1889:
1857:
1610:
1127:
On all platforms, CUPS has a web-based administration interface that runs on
3097:
1817:
1787:
1757:
1401:
1337:
1081:
1018:
482:
451:
276:
2244:
2209:
1985:
1953:
691:
module handles the logging of scheduler events for access, error, and page
568:
organization forked the project, with Michael Sweet continuing work on it.
1262:
In Mac OS X 10.5, printers are configured in the Print & Fax panel in
985:(previously known as HP-IJS) provides Linux+CUPS drivers for HP printers,
960:
printer language, now largely superseded by their new ESC/P-Raster format)
922:
if using a PostScript printer, or it can be passed to another filter like
3135:
3015:
2679:
2622:
1416:
1386:
923:
860:, determines which filter program to use to perform the data conversion.
557:
2393:
The MIME type for the CUPS raster format is application/vnd.cups-raster.
894:
the filename (though this is unnecessary if it has been redirected from
576:
1299:. This allowed adding printers via a user interface similar to the one
1065:
815:
printable(0,1024) + (string(0,"<HTML>") string(0,"<!DOCTYPE"))
736:
module that manages a list of devices that are available in the system;
544:(LPD), but due to limitations in LPD and vendor incompatibilities, the
439:
392:
239:
418:
2674:
1640:
1488:
1421:
1076:
1044:
953:
781:
that defines the known file types that CUPS can accept data for, and
284:
840:
field designates the MIME type that is determined by looking up the
501:
print systems, and provides support for the Berkeley print system's
2479:
1291:
Fedora provides a print manager that can modify CUPS-based printers
1179:
470:
computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer.
3102:
1406:
1296:
1286:
1244:
a Print Dialog box, which allows printer properties to be modified
1189:
1169:
1161:
1151:
1118:
1110:
1061:
982:
957:
949:
785:
that defines the programs that process each particular MIME type.
2403:
1217:
and is backwards compatible with this module of KDE. As of 2009
964:
801:
2701:
152:
2648:
1234:
1199:
1010:
627:(IPP) over HTTP/1.1. A helper application (cups-lpd) converts
42:
31:
981:
However, several other alternatives can integrate with CUPS.
575:
2542:
680:
module, which parses configuration files, initializes CUPS
654:(URI) validation to prevent a client from sidestepping any
1709:"OpenPrinting keeps old printers working, even on Windows"
509:(SMB) protocol. System administrators can configure the
2494:"Handling printing in GNOME Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"
327:
2601:"The Luxury of Ignorance: An Open-Source Horror Story"
2478:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
2371:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
2339:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
2307:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
2275:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
2208:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
1984:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
1952:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
1888:. CUPS Software Administrators Manual. Archived from
1311:
that pops up when the printer icon is right-clicked.
934:, which converts the PostScript into an intermediary
513:
which CUPS supplies by editing text files in Adobe's
2748:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
1639:(Press release). CUPS. July 11, 2007. Archived from
3254:
3188:
3116:
2986:
2963:
2925:
2801:
2735:
2657:. KDE-printing website. Retrieved January 14, 2005.
1611:"CUPS Licensed for Use in Apple Operating Systems!"
1233:. These filters are described by a pair of Desktop/
413:
405:
385:
359:
345:
322:
310:
298:
290:
270:
260:
229:
207:
188:
176:
159:
1303:uses, where a new printer could be added using an
743:module that handles printers and PPDs within CUPS.
1253:a CUPS configuration module (integrated into KDE)
2422:"Debian - Details of package cups-pdf in wheezy"
1587:"CUPS Presentation at 2012 Open Printing Summit"
1123:Printers information in CUPS web-based interface
970:raster to Zebra Programming Language or ZPL (a
804:file, the following entry would be applicable:
2229:
2227:
2713:
706:Other modules used by the scheduler include:
8:
2753:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
1752:
1750:
340:
145:
1542:"A Bright New Future for Printing on Linux"
906:CUPS can convert supplied data either into
3113:
2720:
2706:
2698:
339:
249:
215:
151:
144:
2579:"Printer Setup is in a prototyping phase"
1565:"The Future Brightens for Linux Printing"
1103:Several tools exist to help set up CUPS.
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
751:
556:adopted CUPS as the printing system for
2619:"Easy Software Products' ESP Print Pro"
1599:from the original on February 14, 2017.
1432:
1107:CUPS web-based administration interface
2556:
2243:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2176:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2144:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2112:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2080:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2048:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
2016:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
1920:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
1856:. CUPS Software Design. Archived from
1625:from the original on December 8, 2015.
1496:from the original on November 10, 2017
662:on the HTTP server. The URI is a text
69:Please improve this article by adding
1575:from the original on January 8, 2005.
1552:from the original on October 5, 2007.
930:. Alternatively, it can be passed to
716:Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
7:
3276:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
1379:Free and open-source software portal
1317:criticised this system in his piece
1240:KDEPrint's main components include:
458:which allows a computer to act as a
2743:Alternative terms for free software
2537:printing.kde.org Webmaster (n.d.).
1741:CUPS (OpenPrinting fork) repository
489:. It also provides the traditional
3083:Python Software Foundation License
2607:from the original on May 28, 2010.
1737:"Add an OpenPrinting changes file"
1735:Michael Sweet (October 17, 2020).
1707:Proven, Liam (November 10, 2022).
1662:Anderson, Tim (October 15, 2020).
25:
3399:Software using the Apache license
3146:Definition of Free Cultural Works
2763:Free software project directories
2428:from the original on May 1, 2015.
1484:"CUPS Software License Agreement"
3333:
3332:
3322:
2783:Open-source software development
2476:"Managing Printers from the Web"
1563:Sweet, Michael (June 11, 1999).
1371:
481:(IPP) as the basis for managing
466:that can accept print jobs from
47:
3141:Debian Free Software Guidelines
2973:Free Software Movement of India
2661:How to Manage Printers in Linux
1540:Sweet, Michael (June 9, 1999).
1156:GNOME Settings as of version 40
832:source destination cost program
462:. A computer running CUPS is a
1691:"Thoughts on Leaving Apple..."
1516:"Releases · OpenPrinting/cups"
768:for identifying file formats.
727:Postscript Printer Description
725:module that handles a list of
676:The CUPS scheduler utilizes a
623:The CUPS scheduler implements
515:PostScript Printer Description
1:
3394:Unix network-related software
3389:Free software programmed in C
3131:Contributor License Agreement
2945:Open-source-software movement
2729:Free and open-source software
1637:"CUPS Purchased by Apple Inc"
1397:HP Linux Imaging and Printing
1039:backend in CUPS 1.4 provides
919:
888:the number of copies to print
71:secondary or tertiary sources
3302:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
3156:The Free Software Definition
2645:. Retrieved January 5, 2005.
629:Line Printer Daemon protocol
542:Line Printer Daemon protocol
505:and limited support for the
503:Line Printer Daemon protocol
366:2.4.2 / May 26, 2022
3206:Mozilla software rebranding
3171:Permissive software license
2267:"File Typing and Filtering"
1198:The KDEPrint framework for
1073:Service Management Facility
879:the job ID of the print job
652:Uniform Resource Identifier
444:Common UNIX Printing System
18:Common Unix Printing System
3415:
3211:Proprietary device drivers
3161:The Open Source Definition
967:(another printer company).
808:text/html html htm \
800:For example, to detect an
625:Internet Printing Protocol
546:Internet Printing Protocol
479:Internet Printing Protocol
351:OpenPrinting and community
29:
3318:
3296:Source-available software
3196:Digital rights management
2583:Lucid Information Systems
1818:"CUPS Design Description"
1788:"CUPS Design Description"
1758:"CUPS Design Description"
381:
355:
225:
203:
150:
3291:Shared Source Initiative
3088:Shared Source Initiative
3041:Free Software Foundation
2978:Free Software Foundation
2828:Configuration management
2663:, Linux.com, 2015-04-27.
2458:"What's New in CUPS 1.6"
2440:"What's New in CUPS 1.4"
1279:remains in its infancy.
1115:CUPS web-based interface
1093:Berkeley printing system
1086:System V printing system
714:module, which handles a
560:10.2. In February 2007,
27:Computer printing system
3364:Apple Inc. acquisitions
3226:SCO/Linux controversies
2498:Red Hat Customer Portal
1412:Scanner Access Now Easy
1319:The Luxury of Ignorance
1206:tools that act as CUPS
1166:GNOME Core Applications
491:command line interfaces
30:For the drinkware, see
3126:Comparison of licenses
2935:Free software movement
2526:on September 15, 2014.
2368:Easy Software Products
2336:Easy Software Products
2304:Easy Software Products
2272:Easy Software Products
2240:Easy Software Products
2205:Easy Software Products
2173:Easy Software Products
2141:Easy Software Products
2109:Easy Software Products
2077:Easy Software Products
2045:Easy Software Products
2013:Easy Software Products
1981:Easy Software Products
1949:Easy Software Products
1917:Easy Software Products
1885:Easy Software Products
1853:Easy Software Products
1615:Easy Software Products
1492:. License Exceptions.
1355:Easy Software Products
1347:
1328:), networked Windows (
1305:add new printer wizard
1292:
1195:
1157:
1124:
1116:
757:
650:module which performs
587:which sends jobs to a
580:
538:Easy Software Products
192:June 9, 1999
170:Easy Software Products
58:relies excessively on
34:. For other uses, see
3201:License proliferation
2482:on December 25, 2004.
2408:splix.sourceforge.net
2404:"SPL driver for UNIX"
1342:
1332:), networked Novell (
1290:
1268:Printer Setup Utility
1193:
1155:
1122:
1114:
828:file has the syntax:
796:mimetype { | }
792:file has the syntax:
755:
579:
521:, provided under the
368:; 2 years ago
3286:Open-source hardware
3221:Proprietary software
3216:Proprietary firmware
2917:Formerly open-source
2912:Formerly proprietary
2778:Open-source software
2654:KDEPrint information
2563:: CS1 maint: year (
2520:"gnome-cups-manager"
2446:on November 2, 2012.
1283:Red Hat Linux/Fedora
1099:User interface tools
507:Server Message Block
36:Cup (disambiguation)
3369:Apple Inc. software
3166:Open-source license
2768:Gratis versus libre
2589:on August 28, 2008.
2539:"KDEPrint Homepage"
2464:on October 4, 2012.
2375:on January 10, 2007
2247:on January 10, 2007
2180:on January 10, 2007
2148:on January 10, 2007
2116:on January 10, 2007
2084:on January 10, 2007
2052:on January 10, 2007
2020:on January 10, 2007
1924:on January 10, 2007
1892:on January 10, 2007
1860:on January 10, 2007
1051:is also supported.
1023:Line Printer Daemon
550:Linux distributions
473:CUPS consists of a
342:
147:
2343:on January 6, 2007
2311:on January 6, 2007
2279:on January 6, 2007
2212:on January 6, 2007
1988:on January 6, 2007
1956:on January 6, 2007
1822:CUPS documentation
1792:CUPS documentation
1762:CUPS documentation
1621:). March 1, 2002.
1592:. April 24, 2012.
1293:
1264:System Preferences
1196:
1158:
1125:
1117:
972:Zebra Technologies
758:
581:
317:Apache License 2.0
161:Original author(s)
3384:Free PDF software
3374:Computer printing
3346:
3345:
3246:Trusted Computing
3236:Software security
3184:
3183:
2865:Operating systems
2773:Long-term support
2643:LinuxPrinting.org
2625:on June 19, 2009.
1643:on March 31, 2014
1301:Microsoft Windows
1202:contains various
974:printer language)
928:linuxprinting.org
891:any print options
871:Filtering process
552:. In March 2002,
456:operating systems
433:
432:
341:OpenPrinting CUPS
338:
337:
294:OpenPrinting CUPS
143:
142:
135:
117:
16:(Redirected from
3406:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3231:Software patents
3114:
3026:Creative Commons
2885:Web applications
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2684:
2627:
2626:
2621:. Archived from
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2585:. Archived from
2575:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2541:. Archived from
2534:
2528:
2527:
2522:. Archived from
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2460:. Archived from
2454:
2448:
2447:
2442:. Archived from
2436:
2430:
2429:
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2411:
2400:
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1471:
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1448:
1441:"Release 2.4.10"
1437:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1091:
1088:command and the
1084:
1038:
851:
844:file, while the
843:
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272:Operating system
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3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3314:
3281:Open-core model
3256:
3250:
3180:
3118:
3112:
2982:
2959:
2921:
2804:
2797:
2731:
2726:
2673:
2670:
2635:
2633:Further reading
2630:
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2087:
2085:
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2055:
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2038:
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2023:
2021:
2008:"Configuration"
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1880:"Authorisation"
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1848:"Authorization"
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1816:
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1499:
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1477:
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1461:
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1456:
1446:
1444:
1443:. June 18, 2024
1439:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1352:
1336:) or networked
1285:
1276:
1260:
1188:
1150:
1109:
1101:
1089:
1080:
1057:
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999:
873:
868:
863:Some examples:
849:
841:
831:
825:
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810:
807:
795:
789:
782:
778:
774:
750:
682:data structures
656:access controls
621:
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531:
446:) is a modular
417:
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367:
326:
256:
238:
221:
195:
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189:Initial release
139:
128:
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119:
76:
74:
68:
64:primary sources
52:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3412:
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3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:Device drivers
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3344:
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3340:
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3319:
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2857:
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2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Bioinformatics
2815:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
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2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2669:
2668:External links
2666:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2610:
2592:
2570:
2545:on May 9, 2008
2529:
2511:
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2467:
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2395:
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2354:
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2191:
2159:
2127:
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2063:
2031:
1999:
1967:
1935:
1903:
1871:
1839:
1809:
1779:
1746:
1727:
1699:
1694:www.msweet.org
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1555:
1532:
1507:
1475:
1454:
1431:
1429:
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1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
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1348:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1187:
1184:
1177:widget toolkit
1149:
1146:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1056:
1053:
998:
995:
976:
975:
968:
961:
946:
900:
899:
896:standard input
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
872:
869:
865:
818:
817:
773:
772:MIME databases
770:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
730:
719:
660:authentication
620:
617:
573:
570:
530:
527:
523:Apache License
511:device drivers
431:
430:
415:
411:
410:
407:
403:
402:
389:
383:
382:
379:
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365:
363:
361:Stable release
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
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220:/ 18 June 2024
213:
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4:
3:
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3387:
3385:
3382:
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3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:1999 software
3357:
3356:
3354:
3339:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3309:Revolution OS
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
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3270:GNU Manifesto
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3262:
3261:
3259:
3253:
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3209:
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3176:Public domain
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3164:
3162:
3159:
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2965:Organisations
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2829:
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2764:
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2758:Free software
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1525:February 3,
1500:November 8,
936:CUPS-raster
932:Ghostscript
846:destination
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450:system for
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1864:January 9,
1826:Apple Inc.
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1766:Apple Inc.
1720:January 7,
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1428:References
1392:Gutenprint
1208:front ends
991:TurboPrint
987:Gutenprint
963:raster to
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3098:Unlicense
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2500:. Red Hat
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2136:"Devices"
2040:"Logging"
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