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497:. The pool measures 34 metres long and 7,10 meters wide. The myrtle bushes that are the court's namesake grow in hedges along either side of this pool. Two circular floor fountains are located at either end of the pool. The water from each fountain runs along a short channel towards the pool, but the channel is design to let the water slow and pause before emptying into the pool, thus reducing the formation of ripples and preserving the water's still surface. The effect of the water reflecting sunlight during the day as well as the image of the architecture around it is a crucial part of the aesthetic effect of this space. Elongated rectangular courtyards with a central water basin were already an established feature of Nasrid architecture that is evident in older palaces of the Alhambra, in particular the
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797:) along the lower walls. The decoration includes arabesque, geometric, and epigraphic motifs which were originally painted with bright colours. Among the inscriptions are Qur'anic verses and poems. Three of the walls are pierced at ground level by three alcoves with windows. The middle alcove in each of the walls has a double window split by a column, while the other two side alcoves have a single-arched window. The central alcove in the back wall is more skillfully decorated than the rest and is where the sultan was seated, framed by the double-arched window behind him. Wall inscriptions around this particular alcove feature a poem by either
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1028:('Hall of the Beds'). This is the most impressive room in the complex, preserving almost all of its original elements including its tile and stucco decoration, its flooring, and a fountain. An inscription on its upper level suggests that it may have been given its final form by Muhammad V, perhaps around the same time that the nearby Palace of the Lions was being built. It is shaped like a small square courtyard with four columns upholding an upper-level gallery. Two
1134:
354:, the Alhambra was converted into a royal palace of Christian Spain. Significant modifications were carried out in the Mexuar and in the environment around the Comares Palace. The Catholic Monarchs linked the Comares Palace and the Palace of the Lions together for the first time. The Spanish monarchs also knew the significance of the Comares Tower in the complex and when they visited the Alhambra the royal flag was flown from this tower instead of the
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659:(official agency in charge of the site's preservation), calls the hall an "antechamber" to the Hall of the Ambassadors, though the side alcoves of the hall may have held beds. It may have also been a sitting room or waiting room. A doorway in the corner of the western alcove gives access to a small winding passage that leads to a preserved
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1012:. Although dating to the time of Isma'il I, Yusuf I probably also refurbished or modified some of it. Because of the exceptional state of preservation, the baths are not normally accessible to tourists today, in order to protect them. Like other Islamic hammams, it follows the general principles and components of
775:
The Hall of the
Ambassadors is contained within the massive Comares Tower. The tower is about 16 meters wide, has a total height of 45 meters, and its walls are about 2 to 3 meters thick. The hall is the largest and most impressive in the Alhambra, as well as one of the largest interior spaces of any
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complex to the west, to which it was always connected and with which it formed one large complex. It was originally independent of the Palace of the Lions to the east, but is now connected to it via a small passage. A royal baths complex, the
Comares Baths, is annexed to the palace on the east side.
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Behind each portico is a set of halls. The southern halls or "southern pavilion" were largely demolished during the construction of the adjacent Palace of
Charles V in the 16th century. Only the façade of this structure was preserved in order to maintain the visual integrity of the courtyard. The
654:
Some scholars, such as James Dickie, have suggested that the hall was the bedroom and summer apartment of the sultan. Robert Irwin argues that this is unlikely, given the room's location at the entrance of an audience chamber (the Hall of the
Ambassadors). The official guidebook of the Alhambra,
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is known for a monumental, richly-decorated southern façade that has been interpreted as the "façade" of the
Comares Palace and is known as the Comares Façade or Façade of the Comares Palace. This façade dates from the time of Muhammad V. It has two identical doors, with the left (eastern) door
398:
The
Comares Palace is centered around the Court of the Myrtles, with the Comares Tower and the Hall of Ambassadors to the north and a southern pavilion or structure that was mostly demolished to make way for the Palace of Charles V to the south. The Comares Palace is contiguous with the Mexuar
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came to the throne and undertook many further works in the
Alhambra. His reign marked the beginning of the "classical" period or high point of Nasrid architecture. Isma'il decided to build a new palace complex to serve as the official palace of the sultan and the state, known as the
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which he built to the east of the
Comares Palace. Between 1362 and 1365, he rebuilt or refurbished the Mexuar and between 1362 and 1367 he refurbished the Comares Palace (namely the Court of the Myrtles and the Hall of Ambassadors). The Comares Façade on the south side of the
133:. The first term means "stand up" and the second one "look", in other words it would have meant "Stand up and look around" or possibly "Open your eyes and see", which is a way of referring the beauty of the place. In the sixteenth century, a historian from Granada called
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ceiling of wood, which provides illumination and ventilation. The decoration includes two poems by Ibn al-Jayyab. The painted colours of the decoration, however, date from an 1866 restoration by Rafael
Contreras, when the ceiling and other elements were also repaired.
828:. The entire floor may have originally been paved like this but only the center of the room has preserved the tiles. Not all of the present tiles are original, as many are reused tiles that were moved here in the 16th century. The original tiles bear the inscription "
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This image is based on an 1892 floor plan. Many restorations and archaeological excavations were carried out after this time. While the plan of the
Comares Palace is essentially unchanged, the remains of the Mexuar that are visible today are not fully shown on this
538:) to the east. A passage also now leads to the Palace of the Lions, but during the Nasrid period these two palaces were completely independent of each other. They were only connected together after the 1492 conquest, when the Catholic Monarchs moved in.
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was the name of a region in the North of Africa where most craftsmen came from, in other words, the place might be called Comares in honour of the people who worked there. Yet another suggestion is that it derives from an Arabic word relating to the
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transitioning to the wooden vault. The original ceiling was destroyed by fire in 1890, but with the help of surviving fragments it was later meticulously reconstructed, a process that was completed in 1965. A popular etymology alleges that the name
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motifs. This decoration, like that of the halls behind them, dates from the time of Muhammad V, probably between 1362 and 1367. The gallery spaces behind the porticos are flanked at their east and west ends by decorative niches covered with
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702:
868:. The motif is composed primarily of a repeating twelve-sided star pattern that was originally enhanced with painted colours, although the colours have since faded. Right below the base of the dome is an inscription featuring
343:('Courtyard of the Gilded Room') is dated to 1370 during his reign. Thus, the Comares Palace's current appearance and decoration was finalized by Muhammad V, whose name is mentioned in many surviving inscriptions inside.
145:, which actually has a meaning related to a craftsmanship labor very appreciated by Muslims: a manufacturing technique of glass for exterior and ceilings. A third suggested theory is that the name comes from the Arab word
463:(2:255), which may indicate that this area was sometimes used by the sultan to hold audiences or other ceremonies. Above the doors are two double-arched windows and one single-arched window between them. Above these is a
306:(r. 1333–1354) expanded the palace, most notably building the Comares Tower and the Hall of the Ambassadors (the throne hall) on the north side of the Court of the Myrtles; prior to this, a smaller lookout room or
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880:) of the Qur'an, which describes God as the "Lord of Heavens". Scholars have interpreted this as an indication of the ceiling's symbolic meaning, supporting the hypothesis that it is a celestial representation.
406:
General floor plan of the Comares Palace: 1) Comares Façade, 2) Sala de la Barca, 3) Hall of Ambassadors, 4) Changing room of the baths, 5) Cold room of the baths, 6) Warm room of the baths, 7) Hot room of the
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At the south and north ends of the courtyard are ornate porticos consisting of a wide central arch flanked by three smaller arches on either side. The arches are richly decorated with stucco sculpted in
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The elaborate wooden dome ceiling has a surface area of approximately 125 square metres, making it the largest wooden construction of its kind in the western Islamic world. The ceiling has a complex
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The Court of the Myrtles measures 23 to 23.5 metres wide and 36.6 metres long, with its long axis aligned roughly north-to-south. At the middle, aligned with the axis of the court, is a wide
300:, were also built. The baths are probably the section that is best-preserved from Isma'il I's time, as the rest of the complex was significantly modified and refurbished by his successors.
1052:), which is the largest of the steam rooms and is divided into three "naves" by two sets of arches, with the central space being much larger than the two side spaces. The last room is the
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559:
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system: a network of clay pipes that runs under the floors to heat the rooms. Some of the tiles in the steam rooms were replaced in the 16th century and feature the imperial motto of
373:
In the 19th century Rafael Contreras undertook many restorations across the Alhambra palace complex, sometimes adding his own modifications. In the Comares Palace he added crenelated
1060:), which has two wall niches containing fountains that provided cold and hot water. Behind the hot room was a service room containing a furnace that burned wood to heat water in a
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857:) is unusual, as it is assumed that a pious Muslim would never step foot on the name of God. James Dickie suggests that visitors would have avoided stepping on these tiles.
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comes from the Spanish word for "boat", referring to the shape of the ceiling. Most scholars, however, accept that the name is probably instead derived from the Arabic word
2171:
Compilation of some Arabic names that the Arabs put to some cities and many other things. Edition, introduction, notes and index: Elena Bajo Pérez y Felipe Maíllo Salgado
153:. These ones designate the stained glasses that can be glimpsed from the Hall of the Ambassadors' balcony. According to scholar James Dickie, another possibility is that
381:(on the north side of the Court of the Myrtles) and also repainted the Comares Baths in garish colours that are likely inaccurate. In 1890, a fire severely damaged the
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or enclosed side rooms are located on the west and east sides of the hall, separated from the main space by a double arch. The central space is covered by a square
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doors on the sides of the Court of the Myrtles lead to four rooms that probably served as living spaces, while other doors lead to passages to and from the
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768:(sides) of the last archway upon entering the Hall of Ambassadors are pierced with two small and decorated arched niches. This type of niche was called a
629:, a wide rectangular hall with an ornate vaulted wood ceiling and alcoves at its east and west ends. The ceiling has a rounded profile and is covered in
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1133:
1105:
784:). It has a square shape measuring 11.3 meters per side and it rises to a height of 18.2 metres. It served as a throne hall and audience chamber.
232:
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764:, while the left (western) space leads to a staircase that grants access to more rooms upstairs, probably the sultan's winter apartments. The
385:, resulting in the loss of its wooden ceiling. The ceiling was later reconstructed with the help of surviving fragments and finished in 1965.
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The small oratory located between the walls of the two archways at the entrance to the hall (on the east side). A mihrab is visible inside.
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Doorway for the staircase to the upper floor, located between the walls of the two archways at the entrance to the hall (on the west side)
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758:. The narrow space between the two archways is occupied on the right (eastern) side by a small oratory or prayer room with a preserved
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for most of its surface except for tile decoration along the lower portions (some of which comes from modern restorations). The carved
1117:
805:(d. 1374) which alludes to the sultan's throne. At the top of the walls, just below the dome ceiling, is a line of small windows with
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formed by 8017 interlinking pieces of wood nailed and stacked with each other, which has been interpreted as a representation of the
2178:
2150:
2082:
2061:
1725:
1369:
García-Arenal, Mercedes (2014). "Granada". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
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later in the same century. In addition to the Court of the Myrtles, the palace's most important element is Hall of Ambassadors (
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View towards the north side of the Hall of Ambassadors, with windows at ground level and smaller windows just below the dome
436:
leading via a winding passage to the Court of the Myrtles and the right door leading to other private chambers, possibly a
1069:
754:('Throne Hall'). This hall is entered by passing through two consecutive ornate archways aligned with the entrance to the
320:. He also built or converted existing towers along the northern walls of the Alhambra to serve new purposes, such as the
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The royal hammam of the palace, the Comares Baths, is one of the largest and best-preserved hammams built on the
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362:. In the 16th century, some southern parts of the Comares Palace were demolished to make way for the new
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research. For instance, Diego de Guadix wrote a dictionary about Arabic words in which it is said that
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633:. The alcoves at either end are separated from the rest of the hall by round arches embellished with
334:(r. 1354–1359 and 1362–1391) Nasrid architecture reached its apogee, which is evident in the nearby
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are three rooms with vaulted brick ceilings pierced by star-shaped openings. The first room is the
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367:
326:
280:
81:
30:
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Archways at the entrance of the Hall of Ambassadors. The wall of the arch on the right contains a
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2240:
1826:"Granada and Castile in the Shared Context of the Islamic Art in the Late Medieval Mediterranean"
818:
335:
303:
268:
85:
77:
813:. The latticework of both sets of windows above and below were probably originally filled with
477:, which in turn would have sheltered the seat of the sultan at the top of the courtyard steps.
252:
Similar view circa 1880, showing modifications made during the restorations by Rafael Contreras
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in Arabic and was probably used to store either a decorative vase or a jug of water to drink.
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One of the most unusual decorative features of the hall was the floor, which is paved with
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1048:(cold room), which contains a fountain. The second is the bayt al-wastani (middle room or
833:
494:
163:
292:. The core of this complex was the Comares Palace, while another wing of the palace, the
34:
The pool of the Court of the Myrtles, looking towards the Comares Tower on the north side
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that surround the central pool. Because of the pool, the courtyard is also called the
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Stucco decoration on the walls, including epigraphic motifs (Arabic inscriptions), a
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313:
100:), the sultan's throne hall and one of the most impressive chambers in the Alhambra.
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The central alcove at the back of the hall, where the sultan's throne was positioned
651:, meaning "blessing", which is included in the Arabic inscriptions around the hall.
2314:
2092:
Dickie, James (1992). "The Palaces of the Alhambra". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.).
1033:
680:
Entrance archway of the Sala de la Barca (looking south back towards the courtyard)
456:
2187:
2074:
Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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The façade is one of the most heavily-decorated walls in the Alhambra, covered in
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1021:
810:
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The walls of the hall are covered in detailed stucco decoration and with mosaic
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The Court of the Myrtles was entered from the west via a smaller courtyard, the
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The Hall of Ambassadors, looking north towards the former seat of the sultan
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118:
2162:
Historia general del arte, Volume XII, Summa Artis collection. Islamic Art
2227:
637:
465:
437:
222:
61:
1099:), the changing room of the Comares Baths (photo from late 19th century)
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Frieze of stucco decoration in the galleries, with tile decoration below
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in the early 14th century and significantly modified by his successors
65:
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448:
431:('Courtyard of the Gilded Room'), at the east end of the Mexuar. The
297:
293:
202:
73:
817:, but this has been lost, probably due to the explosion of a nearby
296:, extended to the west. On the east side the Comares Baths, a royal
2053:
Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
708:
Ceiling of the hall: a rounded wooden vault, transitioning through
312:
may have existed on this side, similar to earlier palaces like the
1830:
Artistic and Cultural Dialogues in the Late Medieval Mediterranean
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69:
29:
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View of the south side of the hall, looking towards the entrance
788:
765:
159:
2191:
259:
The Alhambra was a palace complex and citadel begun in 1238 by
2098:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 135–151.
1716:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Granada".
851:. The presence of an inscription containing the name of God (
489:
Court of the Myrtles, looking north towards the Comares Tower
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1754:
1752:
1396:
1394:
1392:
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which produced steam. The hot steam was channeled through a
271:. Several palaces were built and expanded by his successors
1998:
1996:
1994:
1878:
1876:
1739:
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209:('Courtyard of the Pool'). It is sometimes also called the
238:
View of the north side of the Court of the Myrtles in 1854
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One of the lateral façades of the courtyard, looking east
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Court of the Myrtles, looking towards the southern façade
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One of the lateral niches in the northern gallery, with
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847:'And there is no conqueror but God'), a Nasrid
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1718:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
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27:
Historic palace inside the Alhambra of Granada, Spain
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1183:
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451:includes an Arabic inscription featuring a poem by
776:historic palace in the western Islamic world (the
734:The wooden dome ceiling of the Hall of Ambassadors
621:Behind the northern portico of the courtyard is a
2143:The Alhambra and the Generalife: Official Guide
1111:Upper level and decoration of the changing room
2203:
55:
8:
1020:(its Arabic name), corresponds to the Roman
1139:Fountain in the side wall of the hot room (
2210:
2196:
2188:
2117:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
742:leads in turn to the Hall of Ambassadors (
1278:: p. 36 Cfr: Sánchez Mármol, in his book
1175:
1154:
1078:
1016:. A changing room or resting room, the
882:
665:
540:
534:to the west and the Comares Baths (the
412:Comares Façade and access to the palace
2272:Palace of the Convent of San Francisco
2021:
1985:
1931:
1760:
1711:
1709:
1646:
1634:
1591:
1555:
1451:
1439:
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1218:
1191:
197:The name of the Court of the Myrtles (
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2002:
1970:
1955:
1943:
1914:
1899:
1882:
1867:
1852:
1811:
1796:
1784:
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1688:
1676:
1622:
1579:
1567:
1528:
1516:
1501:
1484:
1463:
1427:
1344:
1326:Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife
1308:
1239:
1024:. It is also known in Spanish as the
625:-decorated archway that leads to the
577:The northern portico of the courtyard
7:
2095:Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain
377:above the east and west ends of the
330:in another area further east. Under
80:. It was begun by the Nasrid sultan
1828:. In Cobaleda, María Marcos (ed.).
884:Elements of the Hall of Ambassadors
837:
542:Details of the Court of the Myrtles
167:
25:
2367:Monument to Isabella the Catholic
2145:. TF Editores. pp. 110–127.
389:Description of the Comares Palace
2393:Charterhouse Church (La Cartuja)
1832:. Springer Nature. p. 129.
1824:Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos (2020).
1132:
1116:
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1084:
982:
964:
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940:
928:
916:
904:
888:
701:
685:
673:
602:
582:
570:
558:
546:
245:
231:
2141:López, Jesús Bermúdez (2011).
712:to the arch of the side alcove
696:, looking east across the hall
1:
1371:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
50:) is the central part of the
2398:Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo
473:that precedes a wide wooden
72:. It is located east of the
2372:Royal Chapel (Capilla Real)
2071:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
2056:. Oxford University Press.
1720:. Oxford University Press.
1263:
1251:
440:, attached to the Mexuar.
178:
2502:
1322:"The court of the myrtles"
1275:
420:The Comares Façade in the
220:
2413:San Juan de Dios Hospital
2310:Church of San Miguel Bajo
2169:de Guadix, Diego (2005).
2077:. Yale University Press.
1570:, p. 31, 37, 41, 47.
2331:Palacio de los Olvidados
2218:Historical monuments of
744:Salón de los Embajadores
348:1492 conquest of Granada
279:(r. 1302–1309). In 1314
113:The name of the Palace,
98:Salón de los Embajadores
2266:Palacio del Partal Alto
2164:. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
977:) along the lower walls
830:wa la ghaliba illa-llah
500:Palacio del Partal Alto
429:Patio del Cuarto Dorado
261:Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar
223:Alhambra § History
135:Luis de Mármol Carvajal
2408:San Jéronimo Monastery
2122:Irwin, Robert (2010).
2113:Irwin, Robert (2004).
2050:Arnold, Felix (2017).
1660:"Court of the Myrtles"
735:
727:
532:Patio de Cuarto Dorado
490:
433:Patio de Cuarto Dorado
424:
422:Patio de Cuarto Dorado
408:
341:Patio de Cuarto Dorado
324:in the Mexuar and the
199:Patio de los Arrayanes
193:Names of the courtyard
141:derived from the word
137:claimed that the term
125:originally comes from
109:Etymology of "Comares"
97:
56:
48:Patio de los Arrayanes
47:
35:
2442:37.17722°N 3.589694°W
2403:Huerta de San Vicente
2160:Pijoán, José (1954).
746:), also known as the
733:
725:
488:
419:
405:
263:, the founder of the
117:, has led to various
33:
2352:Cathedral of Granada
2246:Court of the Myrtles
1280:Andalucía Monumental
809:forming a geometric
750:('Comares Hall') or
481:Court of the Myrtles
469:("stalactite"-like)
40:Court of the Myrtles
2447:37.17722; -3.589694
2438: /
2325:Maristan of Granada
2282:Torre de la Cautiva
2261:Palace of Charles V
1855:, p. 110, 116.
1703:, p. 115, 123.
1664:Alhambra de Granada
718:Hall of Ambassadors
368:Palace of Charles V
336:Palace of the Lions
327:Torre de la Cautiva
275:(r. 1273–1302) and
213:('Comares Court').
207:Patio de la Alberca
104:Names and etymology
78:Palace of the Lions
2241:Court of the Lions
2126:. Granada: Almed.
2005:, p. 123-127.
1885:, p. 119-120.
1763:, p. 139-140.
1746:, p. 115-116.
1691:, p. 120-123.
1679:, p. 112-115.
1442:, p. 236-238.
1403:, p. 236-268.
1072:and his dynasty, "
819:gunpowder magazine
736:
728:
491:
455:(d. 1393) and the
425:
409:
269:Emirate of Granada
64:palace complex in
57:Palacio de Comares
36:
2421:
2420:
2357:Corral del Carbón
2173:. TREA Editions.
2133:978-84-15063-03-2
1839:978-3-030-53366-3
1093:Sala de las Camas
1026:Sala de las Camas
1010:Iberian Peninsula
971:Tile decoration (
862:geometric pattern
846:
838:ولا غالب إلا الله
655:published by the
445:stucco decoration
352:Catholic Monarchs
176:
16:(Redirected from
2493:
2476:Gardens in Spain
2466:Alhambra (Spain)
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2184:
2165:
2156:
2137:
2118:
2109:
2088:
2067:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1958:, p. 43-44.
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1775:, p. 41-42.
1770:
1764:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1488:
1482:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1283:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1195:
1189:
1163:
1159:
1136:
1120:
1108:
1097:bayt al-maslak͟h
1088:
1042:bayt al-maslak͟h
1018:bayt al-maslak͟h
986:
968:
956:
944:
932:
920:
908:
892:
841:
839:
756:Sala de la Barca
748:Salón de Comares
740:Sala de la Barca
705:
694:Sala de la Barca
689:
677:
668:Sala de la Barca
631:geometric motifs
627:Sala de la Barca
616:Sala de la Barca
606:
586:
574:
562:
550:
383:Sala de la Barca
379:Sala de la Barca
356:Torre de la Vela
322:Torre de Machuca
249:
235:
211:Patio de Comares
201:) is due to the
181:
171:
169:
76:and west of the
59:
21:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2486:Spanish gardens
2481:Islamic gardens
2456:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2381:other districts
2376:
2335:
2286:
2222:
2216:
2181:
2168:
2159:
2153:
2140:
2134:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2064:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1921:
1917:, p. 4445.
1913:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1483:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1386:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1225:
1217:
1198:
1190:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1141:bayt al-sak͟hun
1137:
1128:
1125:bayt al-wastani
1123:The warm room (
1121:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1089:
1054:bayt al-sak͟hun
1006:
999:
987:
978:
969:
960:
957:
948:
945:
936:
933:
924:
921:
912:
909:
900:
893:
752:Salón del Trono
720:
713:
706:
697:
690:
681:
678:
619:
610:
607:
598:
587:
578:
575:
566:
563:
554:
551:
495:reflective pool
483:
414:
396:
391:
267:that ruled the
257:
256:
255:
254:
253:
250:
241:
240:
239:
236:
225:
219:
195:
182:), such as the
111:
106:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:Castril Palace
2302:
2300:Aljibe del Rey
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2138:
2132:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:, p. 124.
2026:
2024:, p. 268.
2007:
1990:
1988:, p. 141.
1975:
1973:, p. 123.
1960:
1948:
1946:, p. 119.
1936:
1934:, p. 139.
1919:
1904:
1887:
1872:
1870:, p. 118.
1857:
1845:
1838:
1816:
1801:
1799:, p. 115.
1789:
1777:
1765:
1748:
1733:
1726:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1651:
1649:, p. 138.
1639:
1637:, p. 273.
1627:
1625:, p. 159.
1596:
1594:, p. 137.
1584:
1572:
1560:
1558:, p. 265.
1533:
1531:, p. 120.
1521:
1506:
1489:
1487:, p. 109.
1468:
1466:, p. 164.
1456:
1454:, p. 236.
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 295.
1420:
1418:, p. 261.
1405:
1384:
1361:
1359:, p. 135.
1349:
1347:, p. 112.
1337:
1313:
1301:
1299:, p. 140.
1284:
1282:(Granada 1985)
1268:
1256:
1244:
1242:, p. 116.
1223:
1221:, p. 266.
1196:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
988:
981:
979:
970:
963:
961:
958:
951:
949:
946:
939:
937:
934:
927:
925:
922:
915:
913:
910:
903:
901:
894:
887:
885:
815:coloured glass
719:
716:
715:
714:
707:
700:
698:
691:
684:
682:
679:
672:
670:
618:
613:
612:
611:
608:
601:
599:
593:sculpting and
588:
581:
579:
576:
569:
567:
564:
557:
555:
552:
545:
543:
482:
479:
413:
410:
395:
394:General layout
392:
390:
387:
286:Qaṣr al-Sultan
265:Nasrid dynasty
251:
244:
243:
242:
237:
230:
229:
228:
227:
226:
218:
215:
194:
191:
184:adjective form
110:
107:
105:
102:
52:Comares Palace
26:
24:
18:Comares Palace
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2498:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Alcázar Genil
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Partal Palace
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2182:
2180:84-9704-211-5
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2152:9788492441129
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2084:9780300218701
2080:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2063:9780190624552
2059:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1902:, p. 44.
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1814:, p. 43.
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:, p. 42.
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:9780195309911
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:, p. 34.
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:, p. 47.
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1311:, p. 28.
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1080:Comares Baths
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:bayt al-barid
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:Comares Baths
1003:
998:
994:
993:
985:
980:
976:
975:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
898:
891:
886:
883:
881:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
866:seven heavens
863:
858:
856:
855:
850:
844:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:Ibn al-Khatib
801:(d. 1349) or
800:
799:Ibn al-Jayyab
796:
795:
790:
785:
783:
779:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
732:
724:
717:
711:
704:
699:
695:
688:
683:
676:
671:
669:
666:
664:
662:
658:
652:
650:
649:
644:
639:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
614:
605:
600:
597:tiling inside
596:
592:
585:
580:
573:
568:
561:
556:
549:
544:
541:
539:
537:
533:
527:
525:
520:
516:
515:
510:
504:
502:
501:
496:
487:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
434:
430:
423:
418:
411:
404:
400:
393:
388:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
314:Partal Palace
311:
310:
305:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
248:
234:
224:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
203:myrtle bushes
200:
192:
190:
188:
185:
180:
174:
165:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:) inside the
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2423:
2327:(demolished)
2315:Dar al-Horra
2268:(demolished)
2245:
2170:
2161:
2142:
2123:
2115:The Alhambra
2114:
2094:
2073:
2052:
2044:Bibliography
2029:
1951:
1939:
1848:
1829:
1819:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1717:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1524:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1370:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1304:
1279:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1157:
1140:
1124:
1096:
1092:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1025:
1017:
1007:
990:
972:
896:
875:
869:
859:
852:
829:
826:lustre tiles
823:
792:
791:decoration (
786:
774:
769:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
737:
709:
693:
667:
656:
653:
646:
642:
634:
626:
622:
620:
615:
594:
590:
531:
528:
523:
512:
505:
498:
492:
464:
457:Throne Verse
442:
432:
428:
426:
421:
397:
382:
378:
372:
355:
345:
340:
325:
321:
307:
302:
289:
285:
277:Muhammad III
258:
210:
206:
198:
196:
186:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
126:
122:
119:etymological
114:
112:
51:
39:
37:
2445: /
2433:3°35′22.9″W
2340:City centre
2124:La Alhambra
2022:Arnold 2017
1986:Dickie 1992
1932:Dickie 1992
1761:Dickie 1992
1647:Dickie 1992
1635:Arnold 2017
1592:Dickie 1992
1556:Arnold 2017
1452:Arnold 2017
1440:Arnold 2017
1416:Arnold 2017
1401:Arnold 2017
1357:Dickie 1992
1297:Dickie 1992
1264:Pijoán 1954
1252:Guadix 2005
1219:Arnold 2017
1192:Arnold 2017
1022:apodyterium
1014:Roman baths
995:motif, and
811:latticework
526:vaulting.
511:(vegetal),
364:Renaissance
290:Dār al-Mulk
273:Muhammad II
2471:Courtyards
2460:Categories
2430:37°10′38″N
2347:Alcaicería
2320:El Bañuelo
2251:Generalife
2105:0870996371
2034:López 2011
2003:López 2011
1971:López 2011
1956:Irwin 2004
1944:López 2011
1915:Irwin 2004
1900:Irwin 2004
1883:López 2011
1868:López 2011
1853:López 2011
1812:Irwin 2004
1797:López 2011
1785:Irwin 2004
1773:Irwin 2004
1744:López 2011
1701:López 2011
1689:López 2011
1677:López 2011
1623:Bloom 2020
1580:Irwin 2004
1568:Irwin 2004
1529:López 2011
1517:Irwin 2004
1502:López 2011
1485:López 2011
1464:Bloom 2020
1428:López 2011
1345:López 2011
1331:2022-02-17
1309:Irwin 2004
1276:Irwin 2003
1240:López 2011
1170:References
1074:Plus Ultra
1040:After the
997:arabesques
821:in 1590.
782:al-Andalus
519:epigraphic
453:Ibn Zamrak
346:After the
332:Muhammad V
318:Generalife
221:See also:
90:Muhammad V
1379:1873-9830
1373:. Brill.
1070:Charles V
1066:hypocaust
1050:warm room
657:Patronato
638:spandrels
509:arabesque
281:Isma'il I
187:qamarīyya
173:romanized
151:qamariyya
147:qumariyya
143:Comaraxía
82:Isma'il I
2292:Albaicín
2236:Alcazaba
2228:Alhambra
1266:: p. 516
1254:: p. 551
1058:hot room
710:muqarnas
663:chamber.
635:muqarnas
623:muqarnas
591:muqarnas
524:muqarnas
466:muqarnas
438:treasury
360:Alcazaba
155:Qumarish
62:Alhambra
2362:Madraza
2220:Granada
1034:lantern
877:al-Mulk
845:
807:grilles
778:Maghreb
661:latrine
471:cornice
459:of the
375:turrets
366:-style
358:in the
350:by the
316:or the
309:mirador
304:Yusuf I
217:History
175::
139:Comares
123:Comares
115:Comares
94:Spanish
86:Yusuf I
66:Granada
44:Spanish
2256:Mexuar
2177:
2149:
2130:
2102:
2081:
2060:
1836:
1724:
1377:
1062:boiler
974:zellij
834:Arabic
794:zellij
761:mihrab
648:baraka
595:zellij
536:hammam
517:, and
461:Qur'an
449:stucco
298:hammam
294:Mexuar
164:Arabic
74:Mexuar
1162:plan.
1149:Notes
1030:iwans
992:sebka
899:niche
871:surah
854:Allah
849:motto
766:jambs
643:Barca
514:sebka
407:baths
179:qamar
168:ﻗَﻤَﺮ
70:Spain
2175:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2058:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1375:ISSN
1095:(or
1091:The
897:taqa
874:67 (
843:lit.
789:tile
780:and
770:taqa
738:The
692:The
475:eave
160:Moon
129:and
88:and
38:The
1076:".
832:" (
370:.
288:or
149:or
131:ari
127:cun
2462::
2010:^
1993:^
1978:^
1963:^
1922:^
1907:^
1890:^
1875:^
1860:^
1804:^
1751:^
1736:^
1708:^
1662:.
1599:^
1536:^
1509:^
1492:^
1471:^
1408:^
1387:^
1324:.
1287:^
1226:^
1199:^
1178:^
840:,
836::
503:.
189:.
170:,
166::
96::
68:,
46::
2211:e
2204:t
2197:v
2183:.
2155:.
2136:.
2108:.
2087:.
2066:.
1842:.
1730:.
1666:.
1504:.
1381:.
1334:.
1194:.
1143:)
1127:)
1056:(
162:(
54:(
42:(
20:)
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