179:
2675:
77:
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36:
2084:, their teachers and exemplars generally took a purist's view on their use, contexts of use were mainly technical, and there was relatively little seepage into the language at large. However, with the decline of classical education and the spread of technical and quasitechnical jargon in the media, a continuum has evolved, with at least five stages:
1964:) to label such classical elements. In appendices to dictionaries and grammar books, classical combining forms are often loosely referred to as roots or affixes: 'a logo …, properly speaking, is not a word at all but a prefix meaning word and short for logogram, a symbol, much as telly is short for television' (Montreal
1496:
There are hundreds of neoclassical compounds in
English and other European languages. As traditionally defined, combining forms cannot stand alone as free words, but there are many exceptions to this rule, and in the late 20th century such forms are increasingly used independently:
2474:
In East Asia, a similar role to Latin and Greek has been played by
Chinese, with non-Chinese languages both borrowing a significant number of words from Chinese and using morphemes borrowed from Chinese to coin new words, particularly in formal or technical language. See
2507:. Many of these have been subsequently borrowed into Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, with the same (or corresponding) characters being pronounced differently according to language, just as happens in European languages – compare English
1267:
I am of this opinion that our own tung should be written cleane and pure, unmixt and unmangeled with borrowing of other tunges; wherein if we take not heed by tiim, ever borowing and never paying, she shall be fain to keep her house as
1937:
Generally, English has acquired its neoclassical compounds in three ways: through French from Latin and Greek, directly from Latin and Greek, and by coinage in
English on Greek and Latin patterns. An exception is
2619:
2609:
781:; moreover, since many of these words are encountered in writing more often than they are heard spoken, it introduces uncertainty as to how to pronounce them when encountered.
1995:. They are also often loosely called roots because they are ancient and have a basic role in word formation, but functionally and often structurally they are distinct from
1436:
usage commentators; this disapproval has mostly abated. Indeed, in scientific nomenclature, even more exotic hybrids have appeared, such as for example the dinosaur
2144:
In technical, semitechnical, and quasitechnical usage at large, coiners of compounds increasingly treat Latin and Greek as one resource to produce such forms as
409:
whose prestige is or was respected throughout the
Western European culture, these words typically appear in many different languages. Their widespread use makes
473:
2624:
424:, for instance, have historically attempted to create their own technical vocabularies from native elements. Usually, these creations are German and Russian
2290:
In recent years, the orthography of many word forms has changed, usually without affecting pronunciation and stress. The same spoken usage may be written
467:
1740:
cutting. They are generally listed in dictionaries without the interfixed vowel, which appears however in such casual phrases as 'ologies and isms'.
2614:
94:
49:
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396:
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736:. In Latin, and in the target languages, the Greek vowels are given their neoclassical values rather than their contemporary values in
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Generally, classical compounds were a closed system from the 16th century to the earlier 20th century: the people who used them were
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In the older sciences, classical combining forms are generally used to form such strictly classical and usually Greek compounds as
1455:
Neoclassical compounds are sometimes used to lend grandeur or the impression of scientific rigour to humble pursuits: the study of
472:
These words are compounds formed from Latin and
Ancient Greek root words. Ancient Greek words are almost invariably romanized (see
251:
113:
824:, it has a regularity of its own, and individual sounds can be mapped or compared. Although the Classical Latin pronunciation of
1387:
is a major source for these items of vocabulary; for many unfamiliar species that lack a common
English name, the name of the
802:
This also gives rise to uncertainty when these words are encountered in print. Once a classical compound has been created and
2717:
2707:
2576:
1424:. Words of mixed Latin and Greek lineage, or words that combine elements of the classical languages with English – so-called
120:
98:
1471:, the science of putting your foot into your mouth. These humorous coinages sometimes take on a life of their own, such as
2556:
2040:
until the mid-20th century, the concept of derivational purity has often regulated the use of classical compounds, with a
573:
1363:, are thoroughly incorporated into the English lexicon and are the ordinary words for their referents. Some are prone to
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1328:
443:
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as 'the study of the nervous system'. Many classical combining forms are designed to take initial or final position:
1488:, and are therefore irregular in English. Others do not, while some vacillate between classical and regular plurals.
266:
193:
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1968:, 13 Apr. 1981). They are often referred to as affixes because some come first and some come last. But if they were
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55:
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109:
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1952:
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The mix of late 20th century techno-commercial coinages includes three groups of post- and non-classical forms:
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based on
English which others have called "Ander-Saxon"; this attempted to create a pure English vocabulary for
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Not all
English writers have been friendly to the inflow of classical vocabulary. The Tudor period writer Sir
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1429:
1418:. These metric and other suffixes are added to native English roots as well, resulting in creations such as
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319:
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Plag, Ingo "Word-Formation in
English", Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN à0521525632, 9780521525633
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The coinage of new native terms on
Chinese roots is most notable in Japanese, where it is referred to as
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generally accessible to readers who may only have a smattering of the language in which it appears.
769:. The traditional response in English is to treat the unfamiliar cluster as containing one or more
446:, this endeavour has been only partially successful, so while official German may still speak of a
134:
2702:
2443:
2282:. In such matters, precision of meaning is secondary to compactness and vividness of expression.
1996:
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In Greek and Latin grammar, combining bases usually require a thematic or stem-forming vowel. In
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1513:. Most neoclassical combining forms translate readily into everyday language, especially nouns:
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first appeared in an English text in 1535. Other early adopted words that still survive include
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metropolitan. Some telescoped forms are shorter than the original neoclassical combining form:
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Latin; but this ideal has seen only limited realization in practice, as for example the word
1942:, which came into English through German, and is therefore pronounced 'skitso', not 'skyzo'.
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of contemporary English and other languages that incorporate these words into their lexicon:
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Not all European languages have been equally receptive to neoclassical technical compounds.
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speakers tend to try and pronounce the unusual cluster. This adds to the irregularities of
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When a form stands alone as a present-day word, it is usually a telescopic abbreviation:
1634:
1399:
1280:
631:
504:
2674:
2534:) is a Japanese-coined word meaning "automobile", literally self-move-car; compare to
1467:. Compounds along these models are also sometimes coined for humorous effect, such as
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2455:
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sea. Many have both a traditional simple meaning and a modern telescopic meaning: in
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While affixes are grammatical (like prepositions), classical combining forms are
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2045:
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790:
76:
2266:, common in journalism, often employ classical combining forms telescopically:
1882:), but in recent coinages it is often kept, sometimes accompanied by a hyphen (
806:, it typically becomes the foundation of a whole series of related words: e.g.
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1353:
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1243:
1228:
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17:
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goal of like with like (Greek with Greek, Latin with Latin) and a minimum of
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In the later 20th century, many forms have cut loose from ancient moorings:
2041:
1992:
1991:
as a verbal noun (writing). This is why some reference works also call them
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English began incorporating many of these words in the sixteenth century;
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to write "pure English," in which he avoided Greco-Latin words and found
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1556:. Although most occupy one position or the other, some can occupy both:
1980:
1448:
1407:
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1305:
1253:
816:
Mainstream medical and ISV pronunciation in English is not the same as
425:
358:
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715:
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2314:. When used in such ways, classical compounds are often telescopic:
784:
Neoclassical compounds frequently vary their stressed syllable when
269:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1969:
1478:
1388:
1040:
785:
323:
1443:
1297:. Unlike this one, some of Barnes's coinages caught on, such as
1287:
equivalents for them: for Barnes, the newly invented art of the
1238:, from the 1550s. The use of these technical terms predates the
350:
comprises many such words and is a substantial component of the
2620:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
1524:
Because of this, the compounds of which they are part (usually
811:, astrological, astrologer/astrologist/astrologian, astrologism
2599:, for similar constructs in Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc.
1913:
Its presence helps to distinguish neoclassical compounds like
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902:
887:
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626:
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29:
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1878:), the mediating vowel has traditionally been avoided (not *
1822:. In English morphology, this vowel can be considered as an
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991:
985:
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1870:). If the final element begins with a vowel (for example,
1842:. It is usually regarded as attached to the initial base (
1246:
all take their names from neoclassical compounds, such as
405:
vocabulary. Moreover, since these words are composed from
2007:
is both a root and a classical combining form, while the
1748:
Some classical combining forms are variants of one base.
401:
Neoclassical compounds represent a significant source of
1862:, it is sometimes considered as part of the final base (
1646:
learning through sleep), it also stands for 'hypnosis' (
1414:: the base roots resemble Greek words, but in truth are
2435:
Informal vernacular material in pseudo-classical form:
2302:, reflecting the same uncertainty or flexibility as in
1580:. Occasionally, the same base is repeated in one word:
1279:
Similar sentiments moved the nineteenth century author
258:
719:. Exceptions to these romanizing rules occur, such as
2661:
Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998
1532:) can be more or less straightforwardly paraphrased:
1201:
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1189:
1125:
1058:
994:
893:
884:
858:
852:
843:
837:
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will be labelled with the internationally recognized
2610:
List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
982:
899:
878:
2386:Less established forms, often created by blending:
1186:
1119:
1116:
1052:
1049:
988:
979:
912:
890:
875:
849:
834:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Compound words composed from Latin or ancient Greek
2224:. Processes of analogy have created coinages like
1983:(like nouns, adjectives, and verbs): for example,
1798:, a noun-forming suffix that means "process of".
2072:had already been adopted for another purpose).
869:, the standard English medical pronunciation is
2491:
1770:Some are composites of other elements, such as
1265:
2500:
1391:becomes the English word for that life form.
474:transliteration of Ancient Greek into English
8:
2638:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
2625:List of Latin words with English derivatives
2068:(probably so coined because the 'pure' form
391:Source of international technical vocabulary
322:composed from combining forms (which act as
1858:), but in forms where it is conventionally
922:Restored Pronunciation in English of Latin
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2023:, and is only a classical combining form.
468:Traditional English pronunciation of Latin
428:on the international vocabulary, such as
303:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2615:List of Greek and Latin roots in English
1446:appear in some scientific names such as
186:This article includes a list of general
1638:it telescopes 'biologically'; although
1402:are typically Greek in origin, such as
1272:and therefore rejected what he called "
773:and suppress their pronunciation, more
1544:has the two initial or preposed forms
701:Ancient Greek rough breathing becomes
462:Formation, spelling, and pronunciation
2681:Appendix:English nationality prefixes
7:
2318:Hydro-Electricity Board substation,
99:adding citations to reliable sources
2640:, (Oxford University Press, 1992).
2572:International scientific vocabulary
2032:Conservative philological tradition
397:International scientific vocabulary
367:international scientific vocabulary
1751:Some are also free words, such as
929:pronunciation in English (default)
743:Ancient Greek words often contain
192:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2286:Combining forms as separate words
2192:Hybrid classical/vernacular usage
1484:Some neoclassical compounds form
709:Thus, for example, Ancient Greek
45:This article has multiple issues.
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1182:
1163:
1148:
1112:
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1078:
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830:
546:(occasionally it is retained as
387:("life" + "writing/recording").
239:
177:
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34:
1921:from vernacular compounds like
1810:, from Greek, the thematic is -
1461:will not help anyone become an
1428:– were formerly castigated as "
1303:, Barnes's replacement for the
1252:, divination by the pecking of
531:in more recent borrowings) and
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2577:Internationalism (linguistics)
2505:, Japanese-made Chinese-words)
1976:would have no base whatever.
1850:) rather than the final base (
1:
2678:The dictionary definition of
2557:English words of Greek origin
1987:translates as a noun (life),
1950:Most dictionaries follow the
1313:wrote a jocular piece called
576:in English pronunciation) or
1521:as 'writing, description'.
1406:, while those that indicate
1329:Linguistic purism in English
1327:. For more information, see
713:becomes English (and Latin)
2522:For example, 自動車 (Japanese
2492:
1826:: in biology, the interfix
1536:as 'writing about a life',
1242:; the several varieties of
265:the claims made and adding
2739:
2587:Latin influence in English
2485:Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary
2467:
2408:from 'documentary', as in
620:
499:Ancient Greek groups with
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394:
369:(ISV). For example, Greek
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2076:Contemporary developments
1953:Oxford English Dictionary
1642:basically means 'sleep' (
1552:, and one postposed form
1509:as a respelt clipping of
1398:, prefixes that indicate
1339:Many such words, such as
747:which are foreign to the
365:and other languages, via
2477:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
2416:from 'permanent', as in
2369:from 'automatic', as in
2357:from 'miniature', as in
1946:Terminological variation
1650:cure through hypnosis).
1335:More recent developments
2597:Sino-xenic vocabularies
2470:Sino-Xenic vocabularies
2400:from 'computer', as in
2390:from 'accurate', as in
2345:from 'economic', as in
2330:New classical compounds
2322:Metropolitan highways,
2254:. Such stunt usages as
828:would be approximately
442:. Like any exercise in
207:more precise citations.
110:"Neoclassical compound"
2481:Sino-Korean vocabulary
2428:from 'durable', as in
2140:Hybrid classical usage
1708:writing, description,
1592:Preposed and postposed
1270:
1232:, from the 1540s, and
316:Neoclassical compounds
2718:Neo-Latin terminology
2708:Linguistic morphology
2636:McArthur, Tom (ed.):
2060:is a hybrid of Greek
1632:means 'life', but in
1377:binomial nomenclature
1216:History and reception
444:language prescription
2088:Pure classical usage
2082:classically educated
1972:proper, a word like
1818:, from Latin, it is
1677:and stands for both
1584:the study of words,
1321:constructed language
1316:Uncleftish Beholding
822:Ecclesiastical Latin
820:pronunciation. Like
95:improve this article
2459:(relax, exerciser).
2278:and not as used in
599:in British English;
407:classical languages
332:classical languages
2665:classical compound
2326:pornography cult.
2240:on such models as
1786:cutting out, from
1700:Suffixes include:
1665:hydroelectricity,
1596:Prefixes include:
1588:the fear of fear.
1309:of a book. Later,
745:consonant clusters
610:, or occasionally
250:possibly contains
2339:Established forms
2162:electroconductive
2015:consists of root
1530:learned compounds
1501:as a clipping of
1486:classical plurals
1410:are Latin, as in
1240:scientific method
1213:
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661:or, very rarely,
411:technical writing
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2316:Hydro substation
1895:hydroelectricity
1689:is shorter than
1673:is shorter than
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2200:as in preposed
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2048:. For example,
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1693:and stands for
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1434:prescriptionist
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1635:bio-degradable
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564:Ancient Greek
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2684:at Wiktionary
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2456:Relax-A-Cizor
2452:
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2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:micro missile
2293:
2292:micro-missile
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:standing for
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2243:petrochemical
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:pseudoradical
2207:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:micro-gravity
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:communicology
2155:
2154:bioprospector
2151:
2147:
2146:accelerometer
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:chronobiology
2103:
2099:
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2087:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:hybridization
2043:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1940:schizophrenia
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:auto-analysis
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
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1835:
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1749:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:cutting out,
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
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1664:
1660:
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1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
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1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:autobiography
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1487:
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1480:
1476:
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1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:metric system
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:Poul Anderson
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1274:inkhorn terms
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:alectryomancy
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1024:
1020:
1009:
1006:
1005:
999:
972:
969:
965:
954:
950:
939:
936:
935:
932:Example term
931:
926:
921:
919:
915:
914:
911:
907:
866:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
810:
805:
801:
799:
795:
793:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
762:
761:
756:
755:
750:
746:
741:
739:
738:demotic Greek
735:
731:
730:
725:
723:
718:
717:
712:
704:
700:
697:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
633:
628:
624:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
594:
591:or sometimes
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
556:
552:
549:
545:
541:
537:
535:respectively;
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:plus a velar
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
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477:
475:
469:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
398:
390:
388:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:ancient Greek
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
304:
289:
286:
278:
268:
264:
260:
254:
253:
248:This article
246:
237:
236:
227:
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216:
206:
202:
196:
195:
189:
184:
175:
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165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2680:
2660:
2637:
2631:Bibliography
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2489:
2473:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2371:Adjustamatic
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:business man
2311:
2308:business-man
2307:
2303:
2300:micromissile
2299:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:; postposed
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2133:
2129:
2126:osteoporosis
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2102:chemotherapy
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2079:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:philological
2035:
2020:
2016:
2013:cryptography
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:proper: the
1988:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:brain, from
1771:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:divination,
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1695:anthropology
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:gynecologist
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1648:hypnotherapy
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
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1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1447:
1437:
1426:hybrid words
1419:
1411:
1403:
1393:
1372:
1368:
1367:shortening;
1360:rhododendron
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1314:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1247:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1219:
927:Medical/ISV
825:
815:
807:
797:
791:
789:
783:
774:
764:
760:pneumatology
758:
752:
742:
733:
727:
720:
714:
710:
708:
702:
695:
691:
684:
680:
673:
669:
662:
658:
654:
647:
643:
636:
630:
618:
611:
607:
603:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
572:(subject to
569:
565:
558:
554:
547:
543:
539:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
455:
448:Fernsprecher
447:
437:
433:
429:
415:
400:
382:
376:
370:
315:
314:
299:
281:
275:October 2015
272:
249:
219:
213:October 2015
210:
191:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2663:entries on
2567:Interlingua
2562:Hybrid word
2513:and French
2494:wasei kango
2444:Healthitone
2381:Stackomatic
2347:econometric
2304:businessman
2227:petrodollar
2218:speedometer
2182:Scientology
2170:mammography
2114:glossolalia
2110:cytokinesis
2094:anthocyanin
2054:agriculture
2038:Renaissance
2019:and suffix
1919:agriculture
1900:autanalysis
1816:agriculture
1657:biography,
1644:hypnopaedia
1586:phobophobia
1492:Translation
1458:cosmetology
1442:. Personal
1400:multipliers
1342:thermometer
1285:Anglo-Saxon
826:venae cavae
788:are added:
724:(leukaemia)
430:Wasserstoff
205:introducing
151:August 2019
2692:Categories
2542:(moving).
2528:jadongcha,
2418:permafrost
2393:Accuvision
2376:Instamatic
2324:porno cult
2276:ecological
2264:eco-freaks
2252:microscope
2248:psychology
2222:clapometer
2178:neoliberal
2166:futurology
2130:Pliohippus
2122:narcolepsy
2118:lalophobia
2098:astrobleme
2064:and Latin
2058:television
2052:is Greek,
1962:comb. form
1782:head; and
1772:encephalo-
1757:dipsomania
1679:gynecology
1578:Anglophile
1562:graphology
1517:as 'life'
1511:television
1430:barbarisms
1416:neologisms
1412:millimeter
1369:rhinoceros
1365:colloquial
1354:rhinoceros
1290:photograph
1261:John Cheke
1244:divination
1229:mystagogue
916:letter or
794:griculture
726:; compare
635:) becomes
452:telephones
356:scientific
259:improve it
188:references
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2703:Etymology
2538:(self) +
2532:zìdòngchē
2530:Mandarin
2410:docudrama
2402:Compucorp
2363:mini-boom
2359:miniskirt
2351:Econo-Car
2280:economics
2260:eco-fears
2238:microwave
2070:telescope
2050:biography
2036:From the
2027:Philology
2005:autograph
1974:biography
1956:in using
1927:blackbird
1915:biography
1889:bioenergy
1880:monoarchy
1834:miniskirt
1808:biography
1802:Formation
1736:healing,
1691:anthropo-
1622:thalasso-
1574:philology
1566:monograph
1538:neurology
1534:biography
1526:classical
1503:biography
1474:garbology
1464:astronaut
1295:sun-print
1293:became a
1268:bankrupt.
1235:androgyne
1223:geography
924:(default)
809:astrology
754:diphthong
749:phonology
734:leucocyte
729:leukocyte
450:, public
403:Neo-Latin
384:biography
352:technical
348:Neo-Latin
263:verifying
56:talk page
2546:See also
2524:jidōsha,
2516:biologie
2450:Redi-pak
2438:Easibird
2430:Duramark
2422:permaban
2256:eco-doom
1904:bienergy
1876:monarchy
1864:-ography
1860:stressed
1824:interfix
1780:-cephal-
1744:Variants
1734:-therapy
1728:eating,
1712:motion,
1710:-kinesis
1618:ornitho-
1608:people,
1604:hidden,
1582:logology
1421:gigabyte
1408:divisors
1404:kilogram
1381:taxonomy
1348:dinosaur
1300:foreword
1254:chickens
804:borrowed
786:suffixes
766:phthisis
722:leukemia
694:becomes
683:becomes
672:becomes
657:becomes
646:becomes
587:becomes
568:becomes
557:becomes
507:such as
484:becomes
439:hydrogen
381:to form
2526:Korean
2510:biology
2272:ecology
2206:pseudo-
2198:crypto-
2066:-vision
2017:-graph-
2009:-graphy
1989:-graphy
1981:lexical
1970:affixes
1966:Gazette
1898:, not *
1852:-graphy
1784:-ectomy
1732:sound,
1716:study,
1706:-graphy
1702:-ectomy
1675:gyneco-
1626:biology
1616:tooth,
1614:odonto-
1612:earth,
1602:crypto-
1558:-graph-
1554:-graphy
1519:-graphy
1479:garbage
1449:Fuchsia
1394:In the
1385:biology
1306:preface
1263:wrote:
918:digraph
800:ltural.
796:, agric
732:, also
519:become
456:Telefon
434:vodoród
426:calques
422:Russian
378:-graphy
363:English
359:lexicon
324:affixes
257:Please
201:improve
135:scholar
2644:
2592:-ology
2551:Topics
2540:mobile
2483:, and
2414:perma-
2398:compu-
2367:-matic
2343:econo-
2214:-meter
2208:as in
2001:-graph
1933:Origin
1923:teapot
1874:as in
1872:-archy
1868:-ology
1856:-skirt
1814:-; in
1761:phobia
1730:-phony
1726:-phagy
1724:name,
1718:-mancy
1687:anthro
1640:hypno-
1620:bird,
1572:as in
1570:-phil-
1560:as in
1375:. The
1357:, and
1108:mesial
1041:hyphae
775:modern
716:sphinx
436:) for
418:German
190:, but
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
2604:Lists
2426:dura-
2406:docu-
2388:accu-
2355:mini-
2062:tele-
1997:roots
1993:stems
1848:mini-
1832:; in
1794:cut,
1792:-tom-
1790:out,
1753:mania
1738:-tomy
1722:-onym
1714:-logy
1671:gynie
1667:metro
1663:hydro
1659:chemo
1606:demo-
1600:air,
1598:aero-
1546:auto-
1507:telly
1444:names
1432:" by
1389:genus
1373:rhino
1319:in a
1178:sinus
971:ramus
711:σφιγξ
629:with
344:roots
328:stems
142:JSTOR
128:books
2667:and
2642:ISBN
2582:-ism
2536:auto
2502:和製漢語
2420:and
2274:and
2268:eco-
2204:and
1985:bio-
1925:and
1917:and
1844:bio-
1778:in,
1759:and
1681:and
1630:bio-
1610:geo-
1576:and
1564:and
1550:bio-
1548:and
1515:bio-
1383:and
527:(or
488:or
420:and
372:bio-
354:and
318:are
114:news
2216:in
2011:in
2003:in
1910:).
1906:, *
1902:, *
1839:-i-
1829:-o-
1820:-i-
1788:ec-
1776:en-
1763:in
1755:in
1655:bio
1528:or
1499:bio
1379:of
1276:".
627:rho
515:or
361:of
338:or
326:or
261:by
97:by
2694::
2479:,
2453:,
2447:,
2441:,
2424:;
2412:;
2404:;
2396:;
2379:,
2373:,
2365:;
2361:,
2353:;
2349:,
2341::
2310:,
2306:,
2298:,
2294:,
2262:,
2258:,
2250:,
2246:,
2236:,
2230:,
2220:,
2188:.
2184:,
2180:,
2176:,
2172:,
2168:,
2164:,
2160:,
2156:,
2152:,
2148:,
2136:.
2132:,
2128:,
2124:,
2120:,
2116:,
2112:,
2108:,
2104:,
2100:,
2096:,
2021:-y
1929:.
1892:,
1886:,
1866:,
1854:,
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1767:.
1697:.
1685:;
1628:,
1568:;
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1481:.
1452:.
1351:,
1345:,
1331:.
1256:.
1209:)
1193:aɪ
1168:aɪ
1153:iː
1139:)
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