1479:, Gode propounded a Romantic, anti-positivist view of language: languages are an aspect of the culture of a people, not an instrument to achieve a goal; an ideology cannot be attached to a language, except artificially. This implied, in his view, that a world language on the Esperanto model was either impossible or, worse, achievable only through totalitarian coercion. He was of the opinion that, unless imposed by force, a universal global language would presuppose a universal global culture, which does not currently exist and is not necessarily desirable.
1891:
Esperanto, on the other hand, prefers agglutinating words from various roots, making it possible to derive words only knowing a limited list of roots. The same is theoretically possible in
Interlingua, and the addition of one or two affixes to a common word is frequently done colloquially in the Interlingua community. Knowing the naturally evolved words is however vastly preferred, particularly in elementary cases such as the above. This point underlines the fundamental differences between Esperanto and Interlingua: the latter was designed to be easily
1491:
Esperanto may be more neutral as well as easier to master, Esperantists can usually communicate only with other
Esperantists, though the language is at least somewhat comprehensible to many who have not studied it; Interlingua, however, is intended to be understood to some extent by a speaker of any Romance language, because many words in Interlingua resemble their originals in Latin, the precursor to all Romance languages.
242:
1917:, literally "un-healthy-person-place-noun", implies a place for people who are unhealthy. The word means "hospital", but the compound could be construed as any place where an unhealthy person is. Interlingua's non-compound word, though possibly less neutral, thus avoids any misunderstanding. (Depending on the speaker and audience, Esperanto could also use a different word for "hospital", such as
1505:
1345:
118:
66:
25:
1980:, and Slavic source languages. Thus, the orthography of Interlingua is much more broad-based but much less regular than that of Esperanto. The procedure used sometimes favored English and the Romance languages, however, resulting in less phonemicity and more familiarity to speakers of those languages.
1890:
To the reader who speaks
English or a Romance language, the words in the Interlingua column are more likely to appear recognizable. However, speakers of languages that do not have words related to the preferred words in the Interlingua column must preferably learn the Interlingua words one at a time.
1679:
Interlingua tends to use words derived from natural languages instead of extensive agglutination. Despite this, Interlingua features a very concise system for synthesising new words through derivation when it is deemed necessary or practical. Highly agglutinated constructions are greatly frowned upon
1598:
of the respective words in at least three source language units (considering
Spanish and Portuguese together as one unit). Esperanto highly regards regularity, thus it disregards the form of the word in European languages to make it match Esperanto's morphology and phonemic orthography. For example,
1593:
Though both
Esperanto and Interlingua borrow primarily from European languages, they also borrow words from other languages which have become widespread. Two different philosophies have led to two different approaches. Interlingua highly regards etymological fidelity, thus it usually adopts the word
1991:
mean the same thing and are pronounced the same, but are written differently because the orthography of
Esperanto is simpler: one sound, one letter. Interlingua occasionally departs from this rule, chiefly because the letters "c" and "g" have hard and soft sounds. Such details make Interlingua more
1626:
In
Esperanto, to form a new word, it is generally preferred to compound two or more existing roots than to borrow a word from another language. This is recommended in order to keep the number of "primitive" roots low and thus to maintain its learnability. Interlingua does not have that as a design
2049:
Esperanto supporters contend that, by its liberal use of affixes and its flexible word-order, is equally as expressive as
Interlingua or indeed any natural language, but is more internationally neutral. While acknowledging that the basis of Esperanto is a product of rational construction, not
1490:
Esperanto and
Interlingua are fundamentally different in their purposes. Whereas Esperanto is meant to be an international second language able to be fluently learned by speakers of any language, Interlingua is directed more toward European languages, especially its control languages. Though
1059:
Although they are both classed as IALs, the intellectual foundations of
Esperanto and Interlingua are quite different. Despite divergent theory, in practical terms, language usage in the two communities has sometimes shown convergences. It has been argued that each language is a successful
840:
2045:
Supporters of Interlingua note that their language not only conserves the natural aspect of Western languages, but also their rich, subtle treasury of meanings. Interlingua flows regularly from its Romance, Germanic, and Slavic source languages, and thus it possesses their expressiveness.
1646:
Interlingua draws its roots from certain "control languages": French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, English, German and Russian. It uses these languages as a means to select the words most used in these major European languages. Esperanto draws from largely the same languages, but uses
2050:
historical evolution, they argue that, after the prolonged usage of more than 100 years, it too has become a living human language. This historical evolution is shown by the growth of the number of Esperanto word roots, around 920 in 1887 and more than 15,000 in 1970.
2062:
has ever been undertaken, Esperanto speakers frequently place their numbers at somewhere between 100,000 and 3 million speakers. The number of Interlingua speakers is generally estimated between a few hundred and 1,500. Esperanto is the only constructed language with
2000:
Unlike Interlingua, Esperanto uses diacritics. 6 letters (ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ) have different pronunciations from their unmarked counterparts (c, g, h, j, s, u). Since they are not treated as mere variations, but as completely different letters, this makes Esperanto a
1643:. Some parts of grammar may be considered simpler in Esperanto, while others may be considered simpler in Interlingua. Adjective morphology is simpler in Interlingua because it lacks any declension; noun morphology is also easier since it lacks an accusative form.
1565:
The vocabulary of both languages is taken largely from Romance, Germanic and Slavic languages; most of these words are derived from Latin. Depending on their international form, Germanic and Slavic words in Interlingua may be Latinized; for example, English
1060:
implementation of a different particular IAL model. However, in both language communities there is a polemical tradition of using external criteria to critique the other (e.g., judging Interlingua by Esperantist criteria and vice versa).
2012:
characters. Historical examples include standard typewriters and older computers; more recent examples include some text editors. In some cases, setup tweaks may be required to enable all letters with diacritics used in Esperanto.
1435:(internal idea) of achieving "fraternity and justice among all people" (Zamenhof) through the adoption of Esperanto. Among later Esperantists, this philosophy has tended to reinforce a set of propositions about the language:
2020:
that replace its letters with diacritics: the H-system, devised by Zamenhoff, and the X-system, devised by more recent Esperantists. They replace the diacritics by a subsequent H or X, respectively; for example,
701:
1651:
more extensively. Rather than using an existing word commonly used among the major European languages, Esperanto forms its own words using its own roots. For example, the Esperanto word for "hospital" is
2865:
1526:
1366:
135:
38:
1906:, for example, appears in Indo-European languages as well as other major languages such as Indonesian, Tagalog, Swahili, Papiamento, and Basque. In many other languages, however, the word
1413:
remain influential among Esperantists and Interlinguists, respectively. Zamenhof, the inventor of Esperanto, was motivated by several strands of nineteenth-century idealism, ranging from
2033:
in the X-system. There is some debate among Esperantists about which system is preferable to use; some argue that only the H-system is legitimate because it was created by Zamenhoff in
3232:
1992:
difficult to learn and speak for those who do not know any Romance language, but at the same time may appear more familiar for speakers of Romance or Romance-influenced languages.
1940:
Interlingua and Esperanto have minor differences regarding precisely how agglutinations occur. For example, Interlingua adds tense endings to the indicative form of a verb (
44:
2401:
3274:
3333:
898:
871:
1913:
Both languages attempt to be as precise as possible; that is, each strives to reflect differences in meaning using different words. The Esperanto compound
1439:
Esperanto's European character is purely accidental; however, some features of Esperanto (and of some western languages) can be found in non-Western ones.
822:
182:
92:
76:
154:
2037:
and also looks more natural, while others prefer the X-system because the H already exists in Esperanto, which makes the H-system subject to ambiguity.
2979:
518:
161:
3259:
3218:
1475:
By the mid-twentieth century, when Gode led the development of Interlingua, the ideals underlying Esperanto had come to seem naive. Influenced by
3264:
1450:; pro-Esperanto arguments tend to assume a future situation of widespread Esperanto use in many situations where English is currently dominant.
936:
168:
1012:
3279:
3249:
2291:
553:
150:
2394:
1482:
On the other hand, Gode saw another sort of international language—non-universal and non-culturally neutral—as being entirely possible.
543:
513:
80:
3269:
3225:
1552:
1392:
219:
201:
52:
2008:
Esperanto diacritics may be more difficult (or even impossible) to be reproduced by some typing systems that do not recognize its
2491:
2441:
1037:
954:
658:
422:
2999:
815:
600:
508:
489:
461:
1972:, and is almost completely phonemic (one sound, one letter). Interlingua, by contrast, uses an orthography established by its
2387:
1676:(noun). It is notable to mention, however, that there also exist naturalistic forms of many words, in this case "hospitalo".
1530:
1370:
558:
139:
3297:
2355:
2315:
876:
640:
576:
375:
175:
3292:
696:
456:
2671:
1418:
1515:
1355:
2808:
808:
528:
402:
1534:
1519:
1374:
1359:
128:
84:
3302:
2373:
2064:
1683:
The following table illustrates the difference between Esperanto and Interlingua with regards to word formation:
1405:
One cannot ascribe a single outlook to all Esperantists or all Interlinguists; however, the contrasting views of
1005:
678:
533:
446:
1680:
by Interlinguists, as the regular form of the word (i.e. "hospital") is far more understandable to most people.
839:
2701:
2446:
1582:. By comparison, all words in Esperanto take on a characteristic Esperanto form. In this case, the Interlingua
548:
498:
2561:
2034:
1636:
1476:
1425:
for communication, which could serve as a vehicle for idealistic values, initially Zamenhof's philosophy of
913:
355:
349:
3031:
2468:
1902:
Often, the European words on which Interlingua is based gain extensive currency in non-Western languages.
889:
712:
3155:
2734:
2516:
2458:
2017:
1627:
aim, thus most of its compound and "primitive" (non-compound) words also exist in its source languages.
1115:
635:
620:
590:
563:
503:
360:
279:
2361:
1895:
by speakers of most Western European languages, whereas the former was designed for people to learn to
241:
2365:
3328:
3165:
3049:
2780:
2746:
2621:
2410:
2002:
1160:
1093:
1085:
1033:
998:
959:
706:
663:
630:
605:
585:
412:
308:
290:
1048:
1,500 for Interlingua, but speakers of the language claim to be able to communicate easily with the
2800:
2763:
2531:
2453:
1899:
more easily. Word derivation in Interlingua, however, is more regular than many natural languages.
866:
625:
471:
370:
295:
273:
3323:
3150:
3069:
3059:
2899:
2885:
2626:
2606:
2551:
2429:
1977:
615:
610:
595:
523:
397:
365:
2295:
3006:
2919:
2891:
2855:
2818:
2751:
2631:
2424:
2369:
1973:
1324:
1053:
908:
466:
451:
388:
283:
268:
3105:
3064:
3054:
2944:
2924:
2845:
2833:
2719:
2636:
2463:
2078:
1969:
1283:
440:
774:
765:
3211:
2959:
2939:
2838:
2616:
2351:
417:
342:
322:
1471:
Cultivation of an internal Esperanto culture is an important value for many Esperantists.
3074:
2591:
2556:
2511:
2326:
1410:
1406:
903:
538:
317:
3317:
3204:
3198:
3110:
2904:
2813:
2681:
2586:
2434:
1648:
1241:
3160:
2641:
2536:
1965:
1313:
476:
433:
1468:
Esperanto is a vehicle for a specific internationalist and humanitarian ideology.
3120:
3115:
2870:
2790:
2768:
2601:
2596:
2579:
2567:
2506:
1504:
1454:
1427:
1344:
1029:
974:
857:
846:
673:
407:
117:
3090:
2984:
2949:
2691:
2656:
2546:
2069:
1640:
1414:
1107:
984:
328:
3039:
3026:
2909:
2875:
2724:
2521:
1025:
964:
427:
335:
259:
248:
2954:
1910:
is not found, including Finnish, Arabic, Hebrew, Vietnamese and Hungarian.
1139:
mostly Romance and Germanic languages, but no 'control' languages as such.
3100:
3016:
2994:
2974:
2934:
2929:
2828:
2773:
2739:
2709:
2666:
2661:
2646:
2526:
1317:
2379:
3180:
3125:
3044:
3021:
2969:
2823:
2756:
2714:
2009:
1462:
3175:
3011:
2989:
2964:
2914:
2860:
2850:
2651:
2611:
2059:
979:
1056:, whereas Esperanto speakers can only communicate among each other.
1040:(IAL). Esperanto has many more speakers; the number of speakers is
3170:
3095:
2729:
2686:
2676:
2574:
2096:
729:
2016:
For cases in which its diacritics cannot be typed, Esperanto has
792:
3130:
2785:
2501:
1422:
1098:
designed to be easy to understand to as many people as possible
1044:
100,000-2,000,000. On the other hand, the number of speakers is
2383:
1635:
Both languages have a highly regular grammar without difficult
747:
2541:
2346:
1498:
1338:
1309:
969:
756:
738:
668:
111:
59:
18:
783:
2341:
838:
240:
1144:
primarily English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese;
1128:(letters with diacritics are considered separate letters)
1036:
with different approaches to the problem of providing an
718:
1611:(from Inuit ᖃᔭᖅ); in Esperanto, these words are written
1465:, which considers the 'final victory' too remote a goal.
1328:(ca. 1 billion people), and to a lesser extent English
3233:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
1421:. Esperanto, in his view, was a theoretically neutral
3242:
3191:
3143:
3083:
2884:
2799:
2700:
2490:
2479:
2417:
142:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2342:Official site of Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA)
1187:in addition, certain roots can be prefixed, e.g.
1964:The orthography of Esperanto is inspired by the
1185:for adjectives and words derived from adjectives
2228:como etiam nos los pardona a nostre debitores.
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
716:
2347:Official site of Union Mundial pro Interlingua
1306:Only with other related constructed languages,
151:"Comparison between Esperanto and Interlingua"
2395:
2234:sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris.
1006:
816:
8:
1533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1373:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1126:invariable letter-to-phoneme correspondence
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2487:
2402:
2388:
2380:
2225:kiel ankaŭ ni pardonas al niaj ŝuldantoj.
2200:Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie,
2174:kiel en la ĉielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero.
1948:), while Esperanto adds them to the stem (
1590:are nearly identical and equally neutral.
1131:letters c, g, h, q, t, and w are variable
1013:
999:
834:
823:
809:
231:
2231:como etiam nos pardona debitores nostre.
1553:Learn how and when to remove this message
1393:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
202:Learn how and when to remove this message
2083:
1685:
1446:language, replacing all other languages
1067:
79:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
3219:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
2327:Ethnologue report for language code:epo
2283:
2191:Nian panon ĉiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ.
2177:como in le celo, etiam super le terra.
1180:for verbs and words derived from verbs,
837:
239:
1656:, which breaks down into five roots:
1486:Learnability versus comprehensibility
1442:Esperanto is, ideally, the universal
7:
2356:Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
2018:two alternative orthographic systems
1531:adding citations to reliable sources
1371:adding citations to reliable sources
140:adding citations to reliable sources
3334:Comparison of constructed languages
2197:Da nos hodie pan nostre quotidian,
2194:Da nos hodie nostre pan quotidian,
2093:Interlingua (Latin-like word order)
16:Comparison article on two main IALs
2251:Et ne nos inducas in tentationem,
2203:Give us this day our daily bread;
2109:Patre nostre, qui es in le celos,
2106:Patro Nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo,
2067:, numbering 200-2000 according to
514:World Esperanto Youth Organization
14:
3226:In the Land of Invented Languages
2254:And lead us not into temptation,
2237:as we have forgiven our debtors.
2208:Kaj pardonu al ni niajn ŝuldojn,
34:This article has multiple issues.
2259:sed liberigu nin de la malbono.
2217:et dimitte nobis debita nostra,
2126:que tu nomine sia sanctificate;
1503:
1457:, predicting a 'final victory' (
1343:
1323:Intelligible to speakers of all
1038:International auxiliary language
116:
64:
23:
2248:E non induce nos in tentation,
2245:E non induce nos in tentation,
2211:e pardona a nos nostre debitas
2118:Our Father, who art in heaven,
2115:Pater noster, qui es in cælis,
2112:Patre nostre, qui es in celos,
1146:secondarily German and Russian
509:Universal Esperanto Association
127:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2242:Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton,
2214:e pardona nos debitas nostre,
2186:on earth, as it is in heaven.
1:
3298:List of constructed languages
2292:"Webster's Online Dictionary"
1448:in inter-ethnic communication
1090:designed to be easy to learn
1049:
1045:
1041:
376:Modern evolution of Esperanto
2183:sicut in cælo, et in terra.
2160:que tu voluntate sia facite
697:Constructed languages portal
519:International Youth Congress
1983:For example, the Esperanto
1839:to become healthy, recover
1263:agree with nouns in number
529:World Anational Association
3350:
2271:but deliver us from evil.
2180:como in celo, e in terra.
2132:sanctificetur nomen tuum.
2123:via nomo estu sanktigita.
554:Europe–Democracy–Esperanto
491:Organizations and services
91:Such statements should be
3303:List of language creators
3288:
2220:and forgive us our debts
1884:to become sick, fall ill
1866:
1791:malady, illness, disease
1735:
1729:
1719:
1713:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1453:A tension exists between
713:Esperanto Knowledge (XXG)
679:Linguistic discrimination
2262:sed libera nos del mal.
549:European Esperanto Union
499:World Esperanto Congress
3275:Interlingue/Interlingua
2442:International auxiliary
2268:sed libera nos a malo.
2129:sanctifica nomine tue.
2035:Fundamento de Esperanto
1607:(from Arabic شيخ), and
1596:nearest common ancestor
1335:Intellectual background
1064:Overview of differences
356:Declaration of Boulogne
350:Fundamento de Esperanto
2980:Middle-earth languages
2374:University of Tübingen
2265:sed libera nos a mal.
2163:Facite voluntate tue,
2149:Adveniat regnum tuum.
2135:hallowed be thy name;
2101:English (traditional)
2076:
1862:to make healthy, cure
1118:instead of diacritics
1052:1 billion speakers of
844:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
717:
457:Pop culture references
246:
3255:Esperanto/Interlingua
3156:Esperanto orthography
2735:Pan-Germanic language
2517:Communicationssprache
2411:Constructed languages
1295:c. 100,000–2,000,000
1161:third-person pronouns
1154:masculine by default;
842:
564:Skolta Esperanto Ligo
504:Akademio de Esperanto
361:Montevideo Resolution
244:
2747:Pan-Romance language
2622:Latino sine flexione
2157:plenumiĝu via volo,
2029:in the H-system and
1987:and the Interlingua
1603:(from Japanese 芸者),
1527:improve this section
1461:) of Esperanto, and
1367:improve this section
960:Constructed language
664:Constructed language
559:Panamerican Congress
524:Esperanto Youth Week
136:improve this article
93:clarified or removed
2764:Pan-Slavic language
2166:Fiat voluntas tua,
2143:que tu regno veni;
1255:(after consonants)
1228:same as indicative
1136:Vocabulary sources
1111:(ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ)
371:Manifesto of Prague
235:Part of a series on
3151:Constructed script
2627:Lingua Franca Nova
2607:International Sign
2152:thy kingdom come,
2054:Number of speakers
1586:and the Esperanto
1415:Comtean positivism
1195:Infinitive suffix
1156:feminine optional
1142:control languages:
955:Auxiliary language
845:
659:Auxiliary language
398:Esperanto movement
366:Manifesto of Rauma
247:
3311:
3310:
3166:Tolkien's scripts
3139:
3138:
2856:Logopandecteision
2819:Dutton Speedwords
2752:Neolatino Romance
2632:Lingwa de planeta
2275:
2274:
2169:thy will be done
2077:Sample text: the
2025:would be spelled
2003:phonemic language
1888:
1887:
1709:Alternative form
1703:Alternative form
1563:
1562:
1555:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1332:
1331:
1325:Romance languages
1284:personal pronouns
1054:Romance languages
1034:planned languages
1023:
1022:
914:Vanderbilt Morris
833:
832:
544:Plouézec Meetings
230:
229:
222:
212:
211:
204:
186:
110:
109:
57:
3341:
3260:Esperanto/Novial
3084:Ritual and other
2925:Elvish languages
2846:Lingua generalis
2834:Astrolinguistics
2488:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2381:
2366:basic vocabulary
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:Logos dictionary
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2294:. Archived from
2288:
2146:Veni regno tue.
2140:Venu via regno,
2084:
1970:Slavic languages
1766:sick, unhealthy
1686:
1599:Interlingua has
1558:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1507:
1499:
1419:internationalism
1398:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1347:
1339:
1303:Intelligibility
1068:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1015:
1008:
1001:
892:
860:
849:
843:Interlingua logo
835:
825:
818:
811:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
724:
722:
579:
492:
441:Literatura Mondo
391:
311:
287:
262:
251:
232:
225:
218:
207:
200:
196:
193:
187:
185:
144:
120:
112:
105:
102:
96:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3284:
3265:Ido/Interlingua
3238:
3212:Bridge of Words
3187:
3135:
3079:
2889:
2880:
2795:
2696:
2617:Langue nouvelle
2493:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2413:
2408:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2082:
2065:native speakers
2056:
2043:
1998:
1966:Latin alphabets
1962:
1915:mal-san-ul-ej-o
1781:maladia, morbo
1706:Preferred Form
1700:Preferred form
1654:mal·san·ul·ej·o
1633:
1559:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1524:
1508:
1497:
1488:
1399:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1364:
1348:
1337:
1327:
1307:
1291:
1272:
1251:
1239:
1186:
1181:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1127:
1110:
1097:
1089:
1066:
1019:
990:
989:
950:
942:
941:
927:
919:
918:
894:
890:
882:
881:
862:
858:
847:
829:
800:
799:
711:
692:
684:
683:
654:
646:
645:
601:Czech Republic
581:
577:
569:
568:
494:
490:
482:
481:
447:Native speakers
393:
389:
381:
380:
343:La Esperantisto
323:Proto-Esperanto
313:
309:
301:
300:
278:
264:
260:
249:
226:
215:
214:
213:
208:
197:
191:
188:
145:
143:
133:
121:
106:
100:
97:
90:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Real Character
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2421:
2419:
2418:Classification
2415:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2359:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2336:External links
2334:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2308:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2055:
2052:
2042:
2041:Expressiveness
2039:
1997:
1994:
1961:
1958:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1632:
1629:
1578:→ Interlingua
1561:
1560:
1511:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1451:
1440:
1411:Alexander Gode
1407:L. L. Zamenhof
1401:
1400:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1266:no declension
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1250:(after vowels)
1245:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:Related topics
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
934:
932:with Esperanto
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
911:
909:André Martinet
906:
904:Alexander Gode
901:
895:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
872:Irregularities
869:
863:
856:
855:
852:
851:
831:
830:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
709:
704:
699:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
653:Related topics
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
582:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
539:Pasporta Servo
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
437:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
346:
339:
332:
325:
320:
314:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
288:
276:
271:
265:
258:
257:
254:
253:
245:Esperanto flag
237:
236:
228:
227:
210:
209:
124:
122:
115:
108:
107:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3346:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3280:Lojban/Loglan
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Esperanto/Ido
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3205:A Secret Vice
3202:
3200:
3199:Esperantology
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Lingua ignota
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Belter Creole
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Basic English
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Universalglot
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Idiom Neutral
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2492:International
2489:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2469:Philosophical
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:Language game
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2298:on 2007-09-30
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:Lord's Prayer
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1874:cader malade
1873:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1649:agglutination
1644:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1512:This section
1510:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1397:
1394:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:This section
1350:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:agglutinative
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:(invariable)
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
994:
993:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
946:
945:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
923:
922:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
893:
886:
885:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
854:
853:
850:
841:
836:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:
804:
803:
795:
794:
789:
786:
785:
780:
777:
776:
771:
768:
767:
762:
759:
758:
753:
750:
749:
744:
741:
740:
735:
732:
731:
726:
721:
720:
714:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
650:
649:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
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153: –
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147:Find sources:
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125:This article
123:
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101:December 2009
94:
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3203:
3161:Sitelen Pona
3032:
2568:esperantidos
2537:Esperanto II
2459:Experimental
2322:
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:the original
2286:
2068:
2058:Although no
2057:
2048:
2044:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2007:
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1692:Interlingua
1682:
1678:
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1665:
1661:
1660:(opposite),
1657:
1653:
1645:
1637:conjugations
1634:
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1600:
1595:
1594:that is the
1592:
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1549:
1543:January 2010
1540:
1525:Please help
1513:
1489:
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1474:
1458:
1447:
1443:
1433:interna ideo
1432:
1431:, later the
1426:
1404:
1389:
1383:January 2010
1380:
1365:Please help
1353:
1314:Esperanto II
1277:
1252:
1247:
1236:
1233:Plural noun
1222:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1123:Orthography
1094:naturalistic
1077:Interlingua
1058:
1024:
931:
766:Vikikomunejo
641:Soviet Union
534:Encyclopedia
477:Zamenhof Day
462:Publications
439:
434:Libera Folio
432:
348:
341:
334:
327:
216:
198:
189:
179:
172:
165:
158:
146:
134:Please help
129:verification
126:
98:
85:unverifiable
77:weasel words
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3329:Interlingua
3243:Comparisons
3121:Palawa kani
3116:Medefaidrin
2791:Weltdeutsch
2781:Runyakitara
2769:Interslavic
2602:Interlingue
2597:Interlingua
2580:Interglossa
2507:Blissymbols
2090:Interlingua
1960:Orthography
1931:preventorio
1641:declensions
1455:finvenkismo
1428:homaranismo
1417:to utopian
1276:mandatory,
1260:Adjectives
1219:Imperative
1030:Interlingua
975:Interlingue
848:Interlingua
784:Vikinovaĵoj
748:Vikifontaro
730:Vikivortaro
674:Homaranismo
408:Esperantujo
403:Esperantist
280:Orthography
87:information
3318:Categories
3270:Ido/Novial
3091:Balaibalan
2801:Engineered
2657:Pasilingua
2547:Mundolinco
2454:Engineered
2362:Comparison
2352:Comparison
2302:2007-01-28
2278:References
2070:Ethnologue
1996:Diacritics
1893:understood
1803:hospitalo
1689:Esperanto
1668:(person),
1664:(health),
1631:Morphology
1574:, Russian
1495:Vocabulary
1459:fina venko
1423:instrument
1271:Accusative
1170:formed by
1108:diacritics
1074:Esperanto
926:Comparison
793:Vikivojaĵo
775:Vikispecoj
757:Vikilibroj
739:Vikicitaro
702:Task force
578:By country
413:Literature
329:Unua Libro
291:Vocabulary
192:March 2009
162:newspapers
39:improve it
3324:Esperanto
3144:Neography
3070:Verdurian
3040:Syldavian
3035:languages
3033:Star Wars
3027:Spocanian
2910:Brithenig
2900:Atlantean
2886:Fictional
2876:Toki Pona
2725:Eurolengo
2562:Universal
2522:Esperanto
2494:auxiliary
2482:languages
2480:Specific
2430:Fictional
2372:project,
2087:Esperanto
1935:sanatorio
1919:hospitalo
1830:recovrar
1816:hospital
1806:hospital
1672:(place),
1570:, German
1514:does not
1354:does not
1298:c. 1,500
1292:speakers
1282:only for
1167:Antonyms
1159:only for
1103:Alphabet
1086:schematic
1026:Esperanto
965:Esperanto
719:Vikipedio
691:Wikimedia
472:Profanity
452:Libraries
428:La Espero
336:Dua Libro
296:Etymology
274:Phonology
250:Esperanto
75:contains
45:talk page
3101:Enochian
3060:Valyrian
3050:Tsolyáni
3017:Newspeak
2995:Sindarin
2930:Enchanta
2920:Dothraki
2892:artistic
2829:Kalaba-X
2774:Iazychie
2740:Tutonish
2710:Afrihili
2667:Solresol
2662:Sambahsa
2647:Nal Bino
2557:Romániço
2552:Reformed
2532:Arcaicam
2527:Adjuvilo
2484:by group
2425:Artistic
2370:EVOLAEMP
1989:contacto
1985:kontakto
1978:Germanic
1927:lazareto
1908:hospital
1904:Hospital
1827:reakiri
1725:healthy
1695:English
1572:Blockade
1568:blockade
1463:Raŭmismo
1318:Poliespo
1116:digraphs
1032:are two
937:with Ido
859:Language
636:Slovakia
621:Malaysia
591:Bulgaria
318:Zamenhof
261:Language
3181:Tengwar
3126:Yerkish
3106:Eskayan
3065:Venedic
3055:Utopian
3045:Teonaht
3022:Simlish
3000:more...
2985:Adûnaic
2970:Lydnevi
2950:Kobaïan
2945:Klingon
2824:Ithkuil
2757:Romanid
2720:Efatese
2715:Budinos
2692:Volapük
2637:Mondial
2464:Musical
2354:at the
2010:Unicode
1974:Romance
1923:kliniko
1850:kuraci
1813:itario
1757:malade
1742:health
1588:blokado
1584:blocada
1580:blocada
1576:блокада
1535:removed
1520:sources
1375:removed
1360:sources
1320:, etc.
1225:suffix
1174:prefix
1151:Gender
1071:Aspect
985:Volapük
891:History
867:Grammar
707:Outline
631:Romania
606:Hungary
586:Austria
467:Symbols
390:Culture
310:History
284:Braille
269:Grammar
176:scholar
3293:Portal
3176:Sarati
3012:Nadsat
2990:Quenya
2965:Loxian
2960:Lapine
2955:Láadan
2940:Kiliki
2915:Dritok
2890:other
2861:Lojban
2851:Loglan
2839:Lincos
2652:Novial
2612:Kotava
2566:other
2060:census
1853:curar
1800:ulejo
1788:itate
1778:morbo
1754:morba
1739:itate
1621:kajako
1619:, and
1601:geisha
1477:Herder
1444:second
980:Novial
626:Poland
596:China
178:
171:
164:
157:
149:
81:biased
3192:Study
3171:Cirth
3096:Damin
3075:Wenja
3007:Naʼvi
2975:Mänti
2935:Kēlen
2730:Guosa
2702:Zonal
2687:Uropi
2677:Unish
2592:Intal
2575:Glosa
2512:Bolak
2447:Zonal
2097:Latin
1946:donar
1897:speak
1617:ŝejko
1613:gejŝo
1609:kayak
1605:sheik
1308:i.e.
1290:No of
1273:form
1211:, or
1114:uses
1106:uses
1082:Type
616:Korea
611:Japan
418:Music
183:JSTOR
169:books
3131:Zaum
2786:Wede
2672:Sona
2502:Babm
1954:doni
1950:don-
1942:dona
1871:iĝi
1847:igi
1824:iĝi
1518:any
1516:cite
1409:and
1358:any
1356:cite
1178:dis-
1172:mal-
1028:and
899:IALA
423:Film
155:news
2888:and
2809:aUI
2642:Neo
2542:Ido
2364:of
1968:of
1956:).
1937:.)
1933:or
1881:ar
1879:san
1877:mal
1869:san
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1857:san
1845:san
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1834:san
1822:san
1811:san
1809:mal
1798:san
1796:mal
1786:san
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1773:san
1771:mal
1762:san
1760:mal
1749:san
1747:mal
1737:san
1731:san
1721:san
1715:san
1662:san
1658:mal
1639:or
1529:by
1369:by
1310:Ido
1253:-es
1237:-oj
1213:-ir
1209:-er
1205:-ar
1189:mal
1183:in-
970:Ido
877:UMI
669:Ido
138:by
83:or
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2871:Ro
2368:,
2073:.
2031:cx
2027:ch
2005:.
1976:,
1952:→
1944:→
1929:,
1925:,
1921:,
1775:o
1751:a
1733:o
1717:a
1670:ej
1666:ul
1623:.
1615:,
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1312:,
1278:-n
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1223:-u
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1199:-i
1050:c.
1046:c.
1042:c.
48:.
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