376:-supported overdenture is not appropriate for the short-term transitioning stage into conventional complete dentures, it is an option that should be considered for the definitive treatment, given the higher stability and retention of such dentures. Despite complications, the success rate of dental implants is well established, with reports exceeding 98% in 20 years for mandibular anterior teeth. The provision of a two-implant supported overdenture in the mandibular (lower) edentulous jaw is now considered as the first choice of treatment, with patients reporting to have a significant improvement in quality of life and greater patient satisfaction when compared to conventional removable prostheses.
452:
691:(OVD). This task is particularly challenging in complete dentures, as there is no existing occlusion to which the clinician can reference to, and as a result, it is the cause of many errors in complete denture construction. The resting vertical dimension (RVD) may be defined as the vertical dimension between two points, one on the maxilla and one on the mandible, when the patient's muscles are at a relaxed position. The difference between OVD and RVD is termed the Freeway space (FWS). This distance should be between 2–4 mm.
203:(or chewing) efficiency. Teeth function to help with the chewing of food, breaking it down in small pieces that can be swallowed. Denture-wearing can bring some masticatory function back to normal. It cannot, however, fully compensate for the efficiency of the natural dentition because (1) dentures are not fixed in place like teeth are and so have to be actively controlled by the muscles and (2) biting forces are greatly reduced (about one-sixth of the natural dentition) as the dentures are impinging on soft tissues.
651:
tray). Consequently, the mucosa will have an even distribution of loads during function, but the retention of the denture is adversely affected as it inhibits a close adaptation of the denture base to the mucosa in the resting position, which occurs during the majority of time. Such a technique, however, can be considered in patients with a history of mucosal trauma and discomfort (particularly in the lower jaw). Suitable materials for this purpose include high-viscosity silicone impression materials.
576:
requires a thickness of at least 3 mm to prevent distortion whereas the more elastic silicone materials can be used in thickness of 1–2 mm. Therefore, when special trays are constructed, it is the responsibility of the prescribing clinician to ask for the appropriate level of spacing between the tray and the tissues.
276:
months. As patients age, the process of learning and memorising new skills as well as neuromuscular control (i.e. controlling when and how much muscles contract) becomes more challenging. Hence transitional partial dentures can provide a practice period for the musculature, before complete dentures are provided.
694:
In an edentate patient, the OVD cannot be measured unless it was recorded prior to clearance of the dentition or pre-existing dentures provide a satisfactory value. In the majority of cases, however, the OVD needs to be calculated by determining the RVD and allowing for adequate FWS (i.e. OVD = RVD -
678:
Once the impressions have been cast, a set of models has been produced that provide the clinician and dental technician with a replica of the upper and lower jaws with which to work in order to produce the final complete denture. An integral part to the construction is to record how the patient is or
661:
Denture-related problems can be linked to dentist-related factors, patient-related factors or processing errors. The most common denture-related problems include insufficient retention and improper jaw relations. These are both related to the final-impression technique and the material used to create
646:
Mucostatic impression records the soft tissues in their resting state, thus no or minimal pressure is applied during impression-taking. This technique has the advantage of ensuring a close adaptation of the denture base to the entirety of the mucosa and hence enhancing retention. Due to the fact that
622:
Border moulding refers to the functional or manual manipulation of the cheeks and lips in order to mould the borders of the impression to that of the functional depth of the sulcus and floor of mouth. This is necessary to ensure stability and adequate retention of the complete dentures. The following
562:
Although stock trays (metallic or plastic) come in different sizes, it is very likely that some parts will be over- or under-extended and therefore have to be modified prior to impression-taking to ensure that the entirety of the mucosa is recorded accurately. Greenstick or silicone putty can be used
703:
Record blocks are made in such a way so that the dental technician is provided with all the information necessary to provide a wax replica of the dentures. They consist of blocks of wax resting on a rigid base that can be made out of shellac, light-cured or heat-cured acrylic. The base can sometimes
575:
As described above, special trays (acrylic or shellac) ensure that the secondary impressions accurately record the tissues whilst ensuring a uniform thickness of impression material throughout the tray. Different impression materials will have different thickness requirements. Alginate, for example,
388:
and fitted once the teeth have been removed, at the same appointment. Such dentures help restore masticatory (chewing) function and aesthetics whilst at the same time allowing a period for the soft tissues to heal and the bone levels to stabilise before constructing the definitive complete dentures.
257:
provided in the interim so that the patient can become accustomed to denture wearing. Alternatively, if the former is not possible, consideration should be given to whether roots of teeth can be retained in strategic locations in the maxilla or mandible to help with the stability of the prostheses.
275:
will lead to further destruction of bone that will later become the foundation for denture support. Complete dentures require some level of muscular control from the patient (e.g. lifting tongue to stabilise upper denture on biting) and this process of adaptation can last for several weeks or even
252:
Many patients find the idea of wearing complete dentures very upsetting. Such psychological effects, together with the challenges that accompany successful prosthetic wear, can make acceptance of treatment difficult. It is, therefore, reasonable to consider different ways of transitioning into the
243:
The peri-oral muscles (muscles of the cheeks and lips) can cause displacement of the dentures. Patients can, however, learn to control and coordinate their muscles so that the forces exerted are minimised or counter-acted to prevent such displacement. With age, the ability to learn new skills and
650:
A mucocompressive impression is obtained by applying some pressure to the soft tissues during impression-taking, thus recording the shape of the soft tissues under masticatory loading (functional impression technique, i.e. the force is applied by asking the patient to bite down on the impression
211:
Complete dentures are prone to a variety of displacing forces of differing magnitude as they are resting on oral mucosa and are in close proximity with tissues that are constantly changing due to the action of muscles. Consequently, for complete dentures to be retentive and stable, the retentive
738:
Level of occlusal plane – the block should be trimmed or added onto so that the height of the rim is aesthetically pleasing to the amount of wax shown when the patient is at rest (block should be just visible) and when the patient is asked to smile (a few mm should be visible incisally). A more
579:
Another feature which should be incorporated into special trays is tissue stops, which can be described as 2–3 mm wide extensions on the impression surface of the special tray. Without the incorporation of tissue stops, when the special tray is tried in the mouth to check for the accuracy of
549:
Similarly to all removable prostheses, the first step in denture construction is to obtain accurate impressions of the soft tissues. As the height of the ridge will vary throughout the arch, two sets of impressions are taken. The primary (or preliminary) impressions, taken using a stock tray
292:
in the jaws. Compared to conventional complete dentures, it provides a greater level of stability and support for the prosthesis. The mandibular (lower) jaw has significantly less surface area compared to the maxillary (upper) jaw; hence, retention of a lower prosthesis is greatly reduced.
554:. Special trays are made in either acrylic or shellac and have a shape that corresponds to the shape of the mucosa of the individual patient. This way, it is ensured that during secondary (or master) impressions there will be a uniform thickness of impression material throughout the tray.
428:
Limited lifespan of prosthesis and relines often required – as the tissues heal following extractions, the alveolar bone starts to resorb causing the tissues to recede. Consequently, immediate dentures will require some level of maintenance, with relines of the fit surface and/or occlusal
739:
thorough assessment can be performed by asking the patient to say a few sentences while the clinician concentrates on how much of the record block is visible. Such adjustments will guide the dental technician to the position and length of teeth to be incorporated in the dentures.
647:
the mucosa is uneven in compressibility, however, there will inevitably be an uneven distribution of loads during masticatory function. An impression material of low viscosity (e.g. impression paste, alginate or light body silicone) is selected for this technique.
669:
in 2018 comparing final impression techniques and materials for making complete dentures concluded that further high-quality research is required as there was no clear evidence to suggest that one technique or material had a significant advantage over another.
580:
extensions, it will appear over-extended as the laboratory has extended the tray in a way that will allow the specified thickness of impression material to be accommodated. Tissue stops allow the clinician to appropriately assess the extensions of the tray.
477:) that can be seen as two concavities on the mucosa. Extending the maxillary denture to the vibrating line ensures maximum extension for retention, while at the same time it excludes the movable tissues of the soft palate that would cause instability.
318:
control is satisfactory, tooth-supported overdentures can be considered as a long-term treatment option. Alternatively, if treatment fails, the roots can be extracted and the overdenture can easily be converted into a conventional complete denture.
503:– the effects of this muscle are more evident when there has been considerable alveolar bone resorption in the mandibular (lower) jaw. As the mentalis muscle contracts, it can cause displacement of the prosthesis in a posterior and upward fashion
301:
Retaining two or three natural teeth as retained roots can greatly improve the retention and stability of a complete denture, especially if the roots are fitted with special precision attachments. The process involves decoronation (removing the
413:
Allow clinician to transfer jaw relationship and aesthetics from natural teeth onto immediate dentures. If immediate dentures are not provided, then following extraction of the teeth such information will be lost; hence it prevents later
734:
Orientation of occlusal plane – using either a wooden spatula or a more sophisticated Fox's occlusal plane indicator, the orientation of the upper occlusal plane should be parallel to both the ala-tragal line and the interpupillary
266:
Teeth that can be restored despite a poor long-term prognosis may be retained to transition the patient into the edentulous state via a series of transitional partial dentures. It is important that the patient can maintain good
1263:
Thomason JM, Heydecke G, Feine JS, Ellis JS (June 2007). "How do patients perceive the benefit of reconstructive dentistry with regard to oral health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction? A systematic review".
442:
causing loss of fit of prosthesis, broken dentures, etc.). Whether or not they are deemed satisfactory by the wearer or clinician, existing dentures can provide invaluable information for the construction of a new set.
424:
Unpredictable fit and aesthetics – the dentures are constructed before all teeth are removed in a jaw; therefore, there is some level of guesswork involved with respect to tooth placement and the fitting surface of the
523:– on opening of the mandible, the coronoid process can impinge on the denture if the flange on the posterior aspect is too wide. This will either result in displacement of the prosthesis or restriction of mouth opening
529:
on the maxillary arch remains relatively constant in position during alveolar bone resorption and remodelling, and can, therefore, be used to mark the midline of the upper jaw and facilitate placement of prosthetic
244:
acquire some level of neuromuscular control declines. Therefore, the "training" time-frame for patients to learn how to successfully use their new complete dentures is expected to be much longer for older patients.
176:
are significant and may, in turn, lead to an increased rate of bone resorption. Therefore, in order to ensure an equal distribution of forces across the mucosa, complete dentures should have maximum extensions.
1213:
Thomason JM, Feine J, Exley C, Moynihan P, Müller F, Naert I, Ellis JS, Barclay C, Butterworth C, Scott B, Lynch C, Stewardson D, Smith P, Welfare R, Hyde P, McAndrew R, Fenlon M, Barclay S, Barker D (2009).
704:
be made out of wax; however, such a material lacks the rigidity required to ensure accurate measures are taken. Additionally, it may distort during transport and thus damage the validity of the recordings.
253:
edentate state in patients who have not yet lost all of their teeth but in which complete dentures will be required in the foreseeable future. Certain teeth can be retained in the short to medium-term with
655:
The ultimate goal of complete dentures is to maintain oral health and function. Complete dentures should be comfortable for the individual while also improving aesthetics and psychological well-being.
695:
FWS = RVD - (2 to 4 mm)). The patient is asked to relax the muscles of the mandible, and the measurement for RVD is taken with a Willis gauge from a point on the chin and a point underneath the nose.
212:
forces that hold the dentures in place must be greater than the ones aiming to displace it. Obtaining maximum stability and retention is one of the biggest challenges in full denture construction.
73:
within the last decades; people retain their natural dentition for longer. Nonetheless there is still a great demand for complete dentures as more than 10% of adults aged 50–64 are completely
563:
to extend the trays if they are under-extended; this is of vital importance, as any unsupported impression material may distort until the impressions are cast. A suitable material such as
199:), they can nevertheless provide some artificial support to mask this loss in tone. Furthermore, perhaps the most noticeable effect of tooth loss from a patient perspective is the loss in
53:, a complete denture is constructed when there are no more teeth left in an arch; hence, it is an exclusively tissue-supported prosthesis. A complete denture can be opposed by natural
224:
can be defined as the resistance to vertical dislodgment that can arise from either muscular forces or physical forces. It can be gained from three different surfaces of the denture:
517:– over-extension in the sulcus around the maxillary molar region can cause mucosal trauma as the tissues are trapped between the prosthesis and the zygomatic process of the maxilla
1186:
Ekelund JA, Lindquist LW, Carlsson GE, Gemt T (2003). "Implant treatment in the edentulous mandible: a prospective study on Brånemark system implants over more than 20 years".
679:
should be biting, (i.e. the spatial relationship between the maxilla and the mandible) as well as recording all the necessary information for the next stage, the wax try-in.
687:
When setting up the teeth during construction of complete dentures, the clinician must decide a vertical height on which the patient will be biting upon; this is termed the
912:
Xie Q, Närhi TO, Nevalainen JM, Wolf J, Ainamo A (October 1997). "Oral status and prosthetic factors related to residual ridge resorption in elderly subjects".
658:
To achieve these goals, it is important to obtain an accurate impression in order to design and create a denture that has adequate retention and stability.
293:
Consequently, mandibular overdentures are much more commonly prescribed than maxillary ones, where the palate often provides enough support for the plate.
1453:
191:
also lose their support as teeth are lost, contributing to an 'aged' appearance of the individual. Although complete dentures cannot prevent the loss in
782:
Centric occlusion refers to teeth contact when the jaws are in centric relation (when the condyles are in the uppermost and foremost position in the
314:
treatment provision, single-rooted anterior teeth are preferred, with the exception of lower incisors as they lack sufficient root surface area. If
711:
The record blocks are inserted in the mouth and the following should be examined and deemed satisfactory prior to proceeding with any adjustments:
480:
Mandibular (lower) complete denture posterior extension: pear-shaped pads (act as tissue stops to prevent horizontal displacement of denture)
1216:"Mandibular two implant-supported overdentures as the first choice standard of care for edentulous patients - the York Consensus Statement"
126:, which continues throughout life. Although the rate of resorption varies, certain factors such as the magnitude of loading applied on the
77:, with age, smoking status and socioeconomic status being significant risk factors. Tooth loss can occur due to many reasons, such as:
438:
In many circumstances patients will already have a set of dentures that will require replacing for various reasons (e.g. recession of
49:) is a removable appliance used when all teeth within a jaw have been lost and need to be prosthetically replaced. In contrast to a
1403:
Brunton PA, McCord JF (1993). "An analysis of nasiolabial angles and their relevance to tooth position in the edentulous patient".
708:
demonstrate the best accuracy of fit and are therefore the most retentive, with heat-cured acrylic being superior to light-cured.
520:
101:
1598:
688:
1446:
496:
There are several anatomical structures that have the potential to cause displacement of the complete dentures. These are:
451:
1603:
1124:
Davis DM, Fiske J, Scott B, Radford DR (2000). "The emotional effects of tooth loss: a preliminary quantitative study".
514:
384:
When clearance of the dentition is the only viable treatment option, immediate dentures can be constructed prior to the
1368:
Johnson A, Wildgoose DG, Wood DJ (October 2002). "The determination of freeway space using two different methods".
164:
Alveolar bone resorption is an important consideration when designing complete dentures. In the absence of natural
1667:
1535:
1439:
1097:
Brill N (September 1967). "Factors in the mechanism of full denture retention--a discussion of selected papers".
254:
97:
58:
50:
1620:
1555:
1540:
107:
1588:
627:
Lower impression: ask patient to raise tongue to contact upper lip and move it to the right and left cheek
465:
Maxillary (upper) complete denture posterior extension: vibrating line (i.e. the intersection between the
1593:
1486:
851:
1319:
Jayaraman S, Singh BP, Ramanathan B, Pazhaniappan Pillai M, MacDonald L, Kirubakaran R (April 2018).
809:"What are the prevalence and incidence of tooth loss in the adult and elderly population in Europe?"
1583:
484:
272:
138:
ridge can be classified according to the amount of bone in both the vertical and horizontal axes:
1641:
1515:
1481:
1476:
1245:
1079:
947:
591:
307:
786:
and when muscles are in their most relaxed state). It is sometimes referred to as the retruded
1646:
1615:
1573:
1550:
1520:
1510:
1498:
1412:
1385:
1350:
1321:"Final-impression techniques and materials for making complete and removable partial dentures"
1281:
1237:
1195:
1168:
1141:
1106:
1071:
982:
939:
894:
830:
584:
551:
385:
200:
146:
131:
1578:
1377:
1340:
1332:
1273:
1227:
1133:
1061:
1053:
974:
929:
921:
886:
820:
783:
770:
Conforming to the height of desired OVD by either adding onto or removing wax from the block
526:
439:
123:
473:). The landmarks for the vibrating line are the fovea palatinae (collecting ducts of minor
1491:
1041:
666:
506:
196:
119:
642:
There are two ways in which the soft tissues can be recorded during impression taking:
1636:
1462:
1345:
1320:
474:
373:
337:
289:
221:
180:
127:
978:
1661:
1503:
1381:
1277:
890:
825:
705:
361:
315:
303:
268:
91:
86:
1249:
1083:
1336:
1066:
1057:
951:
404:
1610:
758:
606:
470:
466:
357:
311:
285:
192:
169:
81:
17:
877:
Atwood DA (1971). "Reduction of residual ridges: a major oral disease entity".
808:
925:
135:
74:
70:
1232:
1215:
1137:
611:
165:
54:
1389:
1354:
1285:
1241:
1199:
1145:
1075:
834:
401:
Allow for time of adaptation as the patient gets used to their new dentures
154:
Class IV: knife-edge ridge form, adequate in height and inadequate in width
1416:
1172:
1110:
986:
943:
898:
1525:
683:
Occlusal vertical dimension, resting vertical dimension and freeway space
564:
500:
37:
965:
Cawood JI, Howell RA (1988). "A classification of the edentulous jaws".
742:
Shaping of the buccal surfaces to ensure adequate lip and cheek support
934:
550:(preformed) and a suitable impression material, are used to construct
751:
638:
Mucostatic and mucocompressive (mucodisplacive) impression techniques
633:
The tray should be supported by the clinician throughout the moulding
173:
1431:
773:
Relationship of the buccal and lingual surfaces to the neutral zone
331:
Reduced alveolar bone resorption and preservation of alveolar ridge
61:
or complete denture, fixed appliances or, sometimes, soft tissues.
184:
69:
There has been a decline in both the prevalence and incidence of
151:
Class III: well-rounded ridge form, adequate in height and width
1435:
172:
for their support. As a consequence, the forces exerted on the
787:
188:
160:
Class VI: depressed ridge form, with some basilar loss evident
134:
and healing potential of the patient seem to affect this. The
1405:
European
Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry
1159:
Baillie S, Woodhouse K (1988). "Medical aspects of ageing".
353:
Requires endodontic (root canal) treatment of abutment teeth
310:
of the overdenture abutments. For matters of simplicity for
157:
Class V: flat ridge form, inadequate in height and width
967:
International
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
856:
National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
487:(determined by border moulding) for optimum retention
1629:
1566:
1469:
623:steps can be carried out during impression-taking:
535:Construction of complete dentures: clinical stages
398:Restoration of aesthetics and masticatory function
343:Improved aesthetics (compared to partial dentures)
455:Surface anatomy of maxillary denture-bearing area
288:is a prosthesis that fits over retained roots or
807:Müller F, Naharro M, Carisson GE (Summer 2007).
1025:Prosthetic treatment of the edentulous patient
410:Protection of wound area following extractions
271:control during this period, as progression of
1447:
1023:Basker RM, Davenport JC, Thomason JM (2011).
8:
1306:A clinical guide to applied dental materials
118:Following the loss of teeth, there occurs a
1325:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1454:
1440:
1432:
1344:
1231:
1099:The Dental Practitioner and Dental Record
1065:
933:
824:
630:Firmly pull and relax the cheeks and lips
587:that can be used with special trays are:
571:Secondary (master or working) impressions
450:
195:(as they are not firmly attached to the
1188:International Journal of Prosthodontics
799:
754:surface to ensure adequate tongue space
1299:
1297:
1295:
1042:"The glossary of prosthodontic terms"
1018:
1016:
852:"Tooth Loss in Adults (Age 20 to 64)"
114:Effects of tooth loss on oral tissues
65:Epidemiology and causes of tooth loss
7:
1036:
1034:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
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998:
996:
846:
844:
447:Anatomy of the denture-bearing areas
1046:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
168:, such dentures rely completely on
25:
558:Primary (preliminary) impressions
328:Increased retention of prosthesis
248:Transition into complete dentures
1382:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00950.x
1278:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01461.x
826:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01459.x
765:Adjusting the lower record block
729:Adjusting the upper record block
239:Muscular control of the dentures
102:molar incisor hypomineralisation
1266:Clinical Oral Implants Research
879:Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
813:Clinical Oral Implants Research
778:Recording the centric occlusion
207:Principles of complete dentures
1370:Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
1337:10.1002/14651858.cd012256.pub2
1304:Bonsor SJ, Pearson GJ (2013).
1058:10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.03.013
914:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
757:Mark midline, canine line and
567:can be used for this purpose.
492:Relevant anatomical structures
434:Relevance of existing dentures
1:
979:10.1016/s0901-5027(88)80047-x
262:Transitional partial dentures
891:10.1016/0022-3913(71)90069-2
515:Zygomatic process of maxilla
27:Denture for toothless people
689:occlusal vertical dimension
306:of the tooth) and elective
145:Class II: immediately post-
96:Congenital disorders (e.g.
1684:
745:Naso-labial angle 102–116°
926:10.3109/00016359709114969
334:Reduced horizontal forces
98:dentinogenesis imperfecta
699:The record (bite) blocks
1556:Craniofacial prosthesis
1233:10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.728
1138:10.1038/sj.bdj.4800522a
1067:2027/mdp.39015007410742
1052:(1): 10–92. July 2005.
220:Retention in removable
1589:Maximum intercuspation
1126:British Dental Journal
603:Condensation silicones
456:
1487:Resin-retained bridge
454:
585:impression materials
483:Functional depth of
308:root canal treatment
1584:Crown-to-root ratio
1272:(Suppl 3): 168–88.
362:periodontal disease
273:periodontal disease
130:, the technique of
87:Periodontal disease
1642:Cosmetic dentistry
1604:mutually protected
1599:vertical dimension
1477:Dental restoration
1027:. Wiley-Blackwell.
600:Addition silicones
597:Impression plaster
592:Zinc oxide eugenol
540:Patient assessment
457:
380:Immediate dentures
234:Impression surface
34:(also known as a
1655:
1654:
1647:Dental laboratory
1616:Masticatory force
1551:Ocular prosthesis
1536:Removable Partial
1521:Diagnostic wax-up
1511:Inlays and onlays
674:Bite registration
527:Incisive papillae
368:Implant supported
16:(Redirected from
1675:
1668:Prosthodontology
1579:Centric relation
1463:Prosthodontology
1456:
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909:
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874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
848:
839:
838:
828:
804:
594:impression paste
521:Coronoid process
255:partial dentures
231:Polished surface
228:Occlusal surface
142:Class I: dentate
32:complete denture
21:
18:Complete denture
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1678:
1677:
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1492:Rochette bridge
1465:
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1402:
1401:
1397:
1367:
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1362:
1331:(4): CD012256.
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1302:
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871:
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858:. February 2018
850:
849:
842:
806:
805:
801:
796:
780:
767:
750:Shaping of the
731:
701:
685:
676:
667:Cochrane Review
640:
620:
618:Border moulding
573:
560:
547:
542:
537:
507:Masseter muscle
501:Mentalis muscle
494:
475:salivary glands
462:
449:
436:
421:
395:
382:
370:
356:Predisposes to
350:
325:
299:
297:Tooth supported
282:
264:
250:
241:
218:
209:
197:skeletal system
116:
67:
51:partial denture
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Dental implant
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Biologic width
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1547:Maxillofacial
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1428:External links
1426:
1423:
1422:
1395:
1376:(10): 1010–3.
1360:
1311:
1291:
1255:
1226:(4): 185–186.
1205:
1194:(6): 602–608.
1178:
1151:
1132:(9): 503–506.
1116:
1089:
1030:
992:
973:(4): 232–236.
957:
904:
885:(3): 266–279.
869:
840:
798:
797:
795:
792:
790:relationship.
779:
776:
775:
774:
771:
766:
763:
762:
761:
755:
748:
747:
746:
740:
736:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
719:
716:
706:Acrylic resins
700:
697:
684:
681:
675:
672:
662:the dentures.
653:
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648:
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636:
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634:
631:
628:
619:
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569:
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541:
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531:
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512:
511:Floor of mouth
509:
504:
493:
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478:
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338:Proprioception
335:
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298:
295:
281:
278:
263:
260:
249:
246:
240:
237:
236:
235:
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229:
222:prosthodontics
217:
214:
208:
205:
181:Facial muscles
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
143:
115:
112:
111:
110:
105:
94:
89:
84:
66:
63:
26:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1680:
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1529:
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1519:
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1509:
1505:
1504:Post and core
1502:
1501:
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1497:
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1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:Dental Update
1155:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
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1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
961:
958:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
931:
927:
923:
920:(5): 306–13.
919:
915:
908:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
870:
857:
853:
847:
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
803:
800:
793:
791:
789:
785:
784:glenoid fossa
777:
772:
769:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
744:
743:
741:
737:
733:
732:
728:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
712:
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707:
698:
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690:
682:
680:
673:
671:
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663:
659:
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632:
629:
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617:
613:
610:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
588:
586:
581:
577:
570:
568:
566:
557:
555:
553:
552:special trays
544:
539:
534:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
508:
505:
502:
499:
498:
497:
491:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
459:
453:
446:
444:
441:
440:alveolar bone
433:
427:
423:
422:
419:Disadvantages
418:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
396:
392:
390:
387:
379:
377:
375:
367:
363:
359:
358:dental caries
355:
352:
351:
348:Disadvantages
347:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
296:
294:
291:
287:
279:
277:
274:
270:
261:
259:
256:
247:
245:
238:
233:
230:
227:
226:
225:
223:
215:
213:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
193:muscular tone
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
159:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
141:
140:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:alveolar bone
122:(or loss) of
121:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
82:Dental caries
80:
79:
78:
76:
72:
64:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
33:
19:
1621:Neutral zone
1611:Dahl concept
1530:
1411:(2): 53–56.
1408:
1404:
1398:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1305:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1049:
1045:
1024:
970:
966:
960:
917:
913:
907:
882:
878:
872:
860:. Retrieved
855:
816:
812:
802:
781:
710:
702:
693:
686:
677:
664:
660:
657:
654:
641:
621:
607:Polysulphide
582:
578:
574:
561:
548:
495:
437:
429:adjustments.
414:'guesswork'.
405:Psychosocial
383:
372:Although an
371:
300:
283:
280:Overdentures
265:
251:
242:
219:
210:
179:
170:soft tissues
163:
117:
108:Parafunction
68:
46:
42:
35:
31:
29:
1308:. Elsevier.
1167:: 236–241.
1105:(1): 9–19.
545:Impressions
471:hard palate
386:extractions
286:overdenture
201:masticatory
43:false teeth
1567:Physiology
1470:Procedures
935:2066/24585
794:References
759:smile line
718:Extensions
460:Extensions
407:advantages
393:Advantages
340:maintained
323:Advantages
312:endodontic
147:extraction
136:edentulous
132:extraction
120:resorption
75:edentulous
71:tooth loss
1594:Occlusion
721:Stability
715:Retention
612:Polyether
216:Retention
166:dentition
55:dentition
1662:Category
1630:See also
1531:Complete
1526:Dentures
1390:12421334
1355:29617037
1286:17594380
1250:24730846
1242:19696851
1200:14714838
1146:10859849
1084:41712721
1076:16080238
862:March 2,
835:17594365
819:: 2–14.
565:alginate
425:denture.
290:implants
1417:7920393
1346:6494560
1173:3248660
1111:4864741
987:3139793
952:3303741
944:9370029
899:4934947
752:palatal
724:Comfort
374:implant
183:on the
59:partial
38:denture
1516:Veneer
1482:Bridge
1415:
1388:
1353:
1343:
1284:
1248:
1240:
1198:
1171:
1144:
1109:
1082:
1074:
985:
950:
942:
897:
833:
530:teeth.
485:sulcus
316:plaque
269:plaque
185:cheeks
174:mucosa
92:Trauma
1541:Fixed
1499:Crown
1246:S2CID
1080:S2CID
948:S2CID
735:line.
304:crown
128:ridge
47:plate
36:full
1413:PMID
1386:PMID
1351:PMID
1329:2018
1282:PMID
1238:PMID
1196:PMID
1169:PMID
1142:PMID
1107:PMID
1072:PMID
983:PMID
940:PMID
895:PMID
864:2018
831:PMID
583:The
469:and
467:soft
360:and
189:lips
187:and
57:, a
1378:doi
1341:PMC
1333:doi
1274:doi
1228:doi
1224:207
1220:BDJ
1134:doi
1130:188
1062:hdl
1054:doi
975:doi
930:hdl
922:doi
887:doi
821:doi
788:jaw
284:An
45:or
1664::
1407:.
1384:.
1374:29
1372:.
1349:.
1339:.
1327:.
1323:.
1294:^
1280:.
1270:18
1268:.
1244:.
1236:.
1222:.
1218:.
1192:16
1190:.
1165:15
1163:.
1140:.
1128:.
1103:18
1101:.
1078:.
1070:.
1060:.
1050:94
1048:.
1044:.
1033:^
995:^
981:.
971:17
969:.
946:.
938:.
928:.
918:55
916:.
893:.
883:26
881:.
854:.
843:^
829:.
815:.
811:.
665:A
100:,
41:,
30:A
1455:e
1448:t
1441:v
1419:.
1409:2
1392:.
1380::
1357:.
1335::
1288:.
1276::
1252:.
1230::
1202:.
1175:.
1148:.
1136::
1113:.
1086:.
1064::
1056::
989:.
977::
954:.
932::
924::
901:.
889::
866:.
837:.
823::
817:3
104:)
20:)
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