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maxillomandibular complex is much less vulnerable to harm and dislocation because it is bonded by muscles and interposed teeth. When this kind of reflex acts, having a good memory of one's "best bite" position helps avoid fractures. It is one hypothesis for why military jet pilots crack more teeth than auxiliary crew.
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Extreme force upon the teeth can occur during some situations as a protective reflex. When a person senses the risk of an imminent car crash, for example, the teeth arches are normally firmly occluded. This overclenching is still considered parafunctional, although it serves a functional purpose; the
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placed on teeth during functional habits is 140–550 kilopascals (20–80 psi), but the pressure can range from 2–20.7 megapascals (290–3,000 psi) during parafunctional habits. The direction of forces during functional habits is placed vertically along the long axis of teeth, which is the
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80:. Parafunctional habits are the most destructive forces for several reasons. Whereas teeth rarely come into contact during normal chewing, grinding of teeth may occur 1-4 hours in a 24-hour period, most often during sleep. The amount of
97:, which helps to restrict the amount of force generated. Class I or class II levers may be created during bruxism, which generates more force from the same amount of muscle activity and subsequently delivers more force to the teeth.
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is when scalloping develops on the lateral margins of the tongue as a result of habitual forcing of the tongue against the teeth.
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of teeth to the bone. On the other hand, parafunctional habits direct their forces horizontally. Normally, the
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is the habitual exercise of a body part in a way that is other than the most common use of that body part. In
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Contrary to common belief, functional activities such as chewing are not the main cause of
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Pathology of temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and associated structures
67:, and any other habitual use of the mouth unrelated to eating, drinking, or speaking.
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119:"Bruxism in Military Pilots and Non-Pilots: Tooth Wear and Psychological Stress"
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Lurie, O; Zadik, Y; Tarrasch, R; Raviv, G; Goldstein, L (February 2007).
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least harmful because of the anatomical structure of the
55:(tooth-clenching, grinding, or both), tongue tension ("
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51:. Oral para-functional habits may include
39:, the body part in question is usually the
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16:Use of a body part in an uncommon way
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37:oral and maxillofacial pathology
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93:(TMJ) acts as a class III
63:, pencil or pen chewing,
123:Aviat Space Environ Med
91:temporomandibular joint
21:para-functional habit
25:parafunctional habit
61:fingernail biting
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57:tongue thrusting
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71:Crenated tongue
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138:. Retrieved
129:(2): 137–9.
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33:orthodontics
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140:2008-07-16
105:References
87:attachment
78:tooth wear
29:dentistry
154:Category
135:17310886
82:pressure
53:bruxism
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45:tongue
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95:lever
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41:mouth
131:PMID
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49:jaw
23:or
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43:,
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