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395:. That is, they agree to adopt common, predefined ontologies...to express general categories, even if they do not completely agree on the modeling behind the ontological representations. Where ontological commitment is lacking, it is difficult to converse clearly about a domain and to benefit from knowledge representations developed by others... Ontological commitment is thus an integral aspect of ontological engineering.”
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As a higher level abstraction, a conceptualization facilitates the discussion and comparison of its various ontologies, facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse. Each ontology based upon the same overarching conceptualization maps the conceptualization into specific elements and their relationships.
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However, in more artificial situations, such as information systems, the idea of a 'conceptualization' and the 'ontological commitment' of various ontologies that realize the 'conceptualization' is possible. The formation of a conceptualization and its ontologies involves these steps:
61:", its objects and interrelations described within the language it uses, while a conceptualization is always the same, more general, its concepts existing "independently of the language used to describe it". The relation between these terms is shown in the figure to the right.
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is an abstract simplified view of some selected part of the world, containing the objects, concepts, and other entities that are presumed of interest for some particular purpose and the relationships between them. An explicit specification of a conceptualization is an
84:' problem, that is, how can persons used to one ontology talk with others using a different ontology? This problem is easily grasped, but a general resolution is not at hand. It can be a 'bottom-up' or a 'top-down' approach, or something in between.
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of a theory consists of the objects the theory makes use of. A dependence of a theory upon an object is indicated if the theory fails when the object is omitted. However, the ontology of a theory is not necessarily unique. A theory is
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Another example is mathematics, where a very general formulation (the analog of a conceptualization) is illustrated with 'applications' that are more specialized examples. For instance, aspects of a
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In information science, one approach to finding a conceptualization (or avoiding it and using an automated comparison) is called 'ontology alignment' or 'ontology matching'. See for example,
120:. The pseudocode makes it easier to understand the instructions and compare implementations, but the formal languages make possible the compilation of the ideas as computer instructions.
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Chart showing the relation between a conceptualization in information science, its various ontologies (each with its own specialized language), and their shared ontological commitment.
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use the term ‘conceptualization’, but instead refer to the conceptualization itself, or to the ontological commitment of all its realizations, as an overarching ontology.
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that introduce interpretations of the 'elements' of the conceptualization and additional relationships between them but preserve the connections required in the
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The question then arises as to how to describe the 'conceptualization' in terms that can encompass multiple ontologies. This issue has been called the '
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in describing ontological comparisons is taken to refer to that subset of elements of an ontology shared with all the others. "An ontology is
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An example of moving conception into a language leading to a variety of ontologies is the expression of a process in
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to a class of objects if that class is populated (not necessarily by the same objects) in all its ontologies.
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relationships between the concepts: this step maps conceptual relationships onto the ontology structure
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Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, databases and information systems IV
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formal description of ontology commitments, for example, to make them computer readable
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206:. These sources are among the references to this article. The figure is imported from
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596:"On Ontology, ontologies, conceptualizations, modeling languages and (meta)models"
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560:"Chapter 7: Design methodology for integrated systems - Part I (Ontology design)"
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Formal
Ontology in Information Systems (Proceedings of FOIS '98, Trento, Italy)
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Maja Hadzic; Pornpit
Wongthongtham; Elizabeth Chang; Tharam Dillon (2009).
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ontology concepts: every definition involves the definitions of other terms
449:"Modeling utility ontologies in agentcities with a collaborative approach"
377:"Modeling utility ontologies in agentcities with a collaborative approach"
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groups of concepts: this step may lead to the creation of sub-ontologies
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Nicola
Guarino; Massimiliano Carrara; Pierdaniele Giaretta (1994).
323:(Paperback 2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 631.
601:. In Olegas Vaselicas; Johan Edler; Albertas Caplinskas (eds.).
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Blackwell Guide to the
Philosophy of Computing and Information
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Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
228:"A translation approach to portable ontology specifications"
474:"Ontology mapping: a way out of the medical tower of babel"
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Abstract simplified view of selected part(s) of the world
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A shortened version of that definition is as follows:
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the ontologies of that theory. A theory also can be
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of a theory are those things which occur in all the
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620:Katherine Munn; Barry Smith, eds. (2008).
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447:Luigi Ceccaroni; Myriam Ribiere (2002).
412:"Formal Ontology in Information Systems"
375:Luigi Ceccaroni; Myriam Ribiere (2002).
346:of that theory. To explain further, the
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668:Conceptualization (information science)
505:Jérôme. Euzenat; Pavel Shvaiko (2007).
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321:The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
149:Knowledge representation and reasoning
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534:"Formalizing ontological commitments"
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650:"Specification of conceptualization"
564:Ontology-Based Multi-Agent Systems
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623:Applied ontology: an introduction
456:Proceedings of the Workshop AAMAS
384:Proceedings of the Workshop AAMAS
670:", which is licensed under the
654:Ontologies and the semantic web
294:. Blackwell. pp. 155–166.
707:Ontology (information science)
195:and to slide 7 in the talk by
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290:. In Luciano Floridi (ed.).
648:Obitko, Marek (2006–2007).
414:. In Nicola Guarino (ed.).
127:can be illustrated using a
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702:Knowledge representation
418:. IOS Press. pp. 3
410:Guarino, Nicola (1998).
319:. In Robert Audi (ed.).
317:"Ontological commitment"
315:Roger F. Gibson (1999).
717:Technical communication
361:ontologically committed
353:ontologically committed
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393:ontological commitment
285:"Chapter 11: Ontology"
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54:ontological commitment
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388:A quotation follows:
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164:Semantic integration
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508:Ontology Matching
445:For example, see
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224:Gruber, Thomas R.
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