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revitalization efforts, promotion of neighborhood businesses and business districts, design and economic revitalization. The approach includes an underlying historic preservation ethic and provides local organizations with a mechanism to manage their neighborhood commercial districts and a structure to implement commercial revitalization activities that will achieve the stakeholders' goals for the commercial district.
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Congress
Heights experienced great urban neglect after World War II. However, in the 21st century, Congress Heights has received a great deal of attention from the city and urban developers. Nineteen development projects worth a total of $ 455 million are underway or completed in Congress Heights as
324:
The rapid development of
Congress Heights and the areas adjacent to the streetcar line on Nichols Avenue led the government of the District of Columbia to extend South Capitol Street into the area east of the Anacostia River. The topography of the area largely dictated the route. Beginning near St.
301:
made Randle a majority owner of the
Anacostia and Potomac River Railway. Randle sold his interest in the Capital Railway in 1899, and used this fortune to buy a large section of land known as "East Washington Highlands" at the foot of the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge. This became the development of
300:
company founded in March 1875. On March 2, 1895, Randle founded the
Capital Railway Company to construct streetcar lines over the Navy Yard Bridge and down Nichols Avenue to Congress Heights. The Belt Railway was purchased on June 24, 1898, by the Anacostia and Potomac River Railway Company. This
440:
led by a combination of community development professionals and local volunteers. The main street program is based on the
National Trust for Historic Preservation nationally proven model The Main Street Four Point Approach which includes in emphasis in the areas of: organization of commercial
325:
Elizabeths
Hospital, a line of bluffs extended roughly southward until it reached what is now Chesapeake Street SW. (Fort Greble sat atop the southernmost of these cliffs.) To the west of these bluffs were broad, flat lowlands which provided pleasant views of the Potomac River and the city of
219:
Prior to its development, the area known as
Congress Heights was forest and farmland. The bay between Poplar Point and Giesborough Point was open water, and would not be filled in and reclaimed for use until the 1880s. The area was served primarily by the Navy Yard Bridge (now known as the
435:
Destination
Congress Heights (Congress Heights Main Street) was chartered by the National Trust for Historic Preservation Main Street program in January 2016. Destination Congress Heights is a program created by Congress Heights Community Training & Development Corporation, a nonprofit
271:
Asylum Avenue/Nichols Avenue was the only major southward road through the area until the development of
Congress Heights itself. The only other major street was a military road (now known as Alabama Avenue SE) which ran in an east-northeasterly direction toward other Civil War forts.
400:
gun emplacements to defend
Washington from air attack. After the war, the U.S. Army built a military reserve facility in the central part of Congress Heights. Many early residents worked at the U.S. Naval Gun Factory, which stopped production about 1960, or at the U.S.
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housing development for freed slaves opened in 1867 on the north side of the St. Elizabeths campus and was rapidly occupied. Asylum Avenue was named Nichols Avenue in 1879 in honor of St. Elizabeths Hospital superintendent Charles Henry Nichols.
288:
Congress Heights itself was founded in 1890. Colonel Arthur E. Randle, a successful newspaper publisher, decided to found a settlement east of the river which he called Congress Heights. The Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge (which was replaced by the
329:. In 1893, the city surveyed South Capitol along the western side of these bluffs, laying out a broad, grand avenue. Once the bluffs ended, the route followed existing local roads and curved eastward to connect with Livingston Road (now the
535:
Designation of Malcolm X Avenue: Section 2 of D.C. Law 9-225 provided that the Council of the District of Columbia designates the portion of Portland Street, S.E., between 9th Street, S.E. and South Capitol Street, S.E., as Malcolm X
214:
Map showing the Congress Heights area in 1865, with the bluffs which give the area its name denoted with hatch-marks. Where the two red roads converge is the current intersection of South Capitol Street and Martin Luther King, Jr.
293:) began construction in November 1887, and by June 1890 was nearing completion. Randle understood that this new bridge would bring rapid development east of the Anacostia River, and he intended to take advantage of it.
376:
Congress Heights was the location of the last working farm within the District of Columbia. George Lindner had been growing vegetables on his farm for over 50 years and it had been in the family since the
491:
The Capitol, North O Street, and South Washington Railway Company was chartered by Congress on March 3, 1875. By act of Congress enacted on February 18, 1893, it changed its name to the Belt Railway.
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432:. Most residents live in garden apartments, but there are also older single-family bungalows. Frank W. Ballou High School (rebuilt in 2014) and Hart Middle School serve the neighborhood.
333:) at the District-Maryland line. But because of the lack of development south of Congress Heights, South Capitol Street was only constructed to its intersection with Nichols Avenue.
2035:
396:. The facility included firing ranges up to 1,000 yards. It was on Alabama Avenue at the intersection of Stanton Road and Barry Farm Housing Project. During World War II, it had
417:, enhancement to an existing shopping center, and 75 new residential units. The ARC cultural arts center, and the Tennis and Learning Center, are nearby on Mississippi Avenue.
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228:(now the neighborhood of Anacostia), begun in 1854. The following year, the federal government constructed the Government Hospital for the Insane (later known as
992:
Department of Homeland Security Headquarters Consolidation at St. Elizabeths Master Plan Amendment, East Campus North Parcel: Environmental Impact Statement
236:) was constructed from the Navy Yard Bridge to the new hospital and then, running on the east side of a line of hills, down to the District-Maryland line.
1206:
341:
From the 1930s until the 1950s, Congress Heights was an almost all-white working-class neighborhood. Many of these white working-class people were rural
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The development was immediately successful. To ensure that his investment continued to pay off, Randle invested heavily in the Belt Railway, a local
83:
1999:
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for the area around the Congress Heights Metro station; and a planned redevelopment of Camp Simms as a mixed-use project, including a new
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1974:
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The Anacostia and Potomac River Railway Company was founded on May 19, 1872, but not chartered by Congress until February 18, 1875.
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of November 2006. Among these are a redevelopment of St. Elizabeths West Campus for federal use; a request for proposals from the
1918:
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936:
The Reports of the Committees of the House of Representatives for the Second Session of the Fifty-Third Congress, 1893-94. Vol. 4
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called Randle's developments "among the largest real estate enterprises ever successfully carried through in the District."
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on the southeast; and Wheeler Street SE and Alabama Avenue SE on the east. Commercial development is heavy along
520:
1590:
1389:
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305:, and the success of that development allowed him to create "North Randle Highlands" (now the neighborhoods of
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31:
1439:
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259:(near the intersection of Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue and Blue Plains Drive SW), were constructed on the
229:
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932:"Survey of a Bridge Across the Eastern Branch of the Potomac. Senate Report No. 1210. 53rd Cong., 2d sess."
210:
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280:
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campus, Lebaum Street SE, 4th Street SE, and Newcomb Street SE on the northeast; Shepard Parkway and
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1353:
389:
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163:
17:
1903:
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1429:
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that began just west and adjacent to Asylum Road. After the war, the 375-acre (1,520,000 m)
240:
189:
on the west; Atlantic Street SE and 1st Street SE (as far as Chesapeake Street SE) on the south;
393:
1059:
255:(near the present intersection of South Capitol Street and Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue) and
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1013:
Washington At Home: An Illustrated History of Neighborhoods in the Nation's Capital
385:
155:
42:
38:
1030:
Tindall, William (1918). "Beginnings of Street Railways in the National Capital".
74:
Map of Washington, D.C., with the Congress Heights neighborhood highlighted in red
1984:
1908:
1843:
1818:
1434:
1414:
479:
310:
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224:), constructed in 1820. The first residential development east of the river was
1944:
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1046:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Washington DC Economic Partnership. Archived from
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181:, in the United States. The irregularly shaped neighborhood is bounded by the
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98:
85:
37:"Malcolm X Avenue" redirects here. For Malcolm X Boulevard in Manhattan, see
1939:
593:
632:"Congress Heights: The Healthiest and Most Delightful Suburb of Washington"
1813:
1661:
1313:
354:
167:
Congress Heights at the Intersection of 1st and Wayne Pl. SE, April 2018
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on 90 acres (360,000 m) of land on Giesborough Point. Two forts,
878:
284:
Congress Heights advertisement – May 17th, 1902 (Washington Times)
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260:
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1062:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Washington DC Economic Partnership.
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919:"A Brief History of Anacostia, Its Name, Origin, and Progress"
1032:
Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.
894:
Benedetto, Robert; Du Vall, Kathleen; Donovan, Jane (2001).
762:
760:
521:"Subchapter IV. Public Space Names and Commemorative Works"
962:
Evelyn, Douglas E.; Dickson, Paul; Ackerman, S.J. (2008).
747:
745:
239:
Additional construction in the area occurred during the
578:
964:
On This Spot: Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D.C
930:
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce (1894).
617:
197:
and Malcolm X Avenue (formerly Portland Street, SE).
994:. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.
716:
369:. Many of them worked at the Navy Yard or at nearby
1932:
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1306:
1240:
1041:
DC Neighborhood Profiles 2014 (via Wayback Machine)
151:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
53:
1015:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
945:Affordable Housing and Public-Private Partnerships
895:
983:Corporations Chartered By Special Act of Congress
594:Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce 1894
943:Davidson, Nestor M.; Malloy, Robin Paul (2009).
818:"Plans for Street Projects Told By Whitehurst".
247:constructed the George Washington Young cavalry
1002:; Black, Frank P.; Williams, E. Melvin (1930).
938:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
834:"A Brief History of White People in Southeast"
605:
411:Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
1214:
1082:
232:). To serve the hospital, Asylum Avenue (now
8:
2036:African-American history of Washington, D.C.
466:, received the commission of colonel in the
1039:Washington DC Economic Partnership (2014).
1006:. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co.
41:. For Malcolm X Boulevard in Brooklyn, see
1221:
1207:
1199:
1089:
1075:
1067:
923:Records of the Columbia Historical Society
729:
727:
725:
50:
2046:Working-class culture in Washington, D.C.
1060:Congress Heights/Saint Elizabeths - WDCEP
990:General Services Administration (2012).
985:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
898:Historical Dictionary of Washington, D.C
655:"Col. Randle Kills Self in California".
2041:Appalachian culture in Washington, D.C.
2031:1890 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1004:Washington, Past and Present: A History
947:. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing.
879:Washington DC Economic Partnership 2014
778:
766:
751:
512:
455:
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113:
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30:For the Washington Metro station, see
27:Neighborhood in Washington, D.C., U.S.
856:"Last Farm in the District is Doomed"
790:
579:Benedetto, Du Vall & Donovan 2001
150:
129:
121:
48:Neighborhood in Ward 8, United States
7:
1104:
1058:Washington DC Economic Partnership.
736:Municipal Journal & Public Works
670:General Services Administration 2012
566:
1097:Places adjacent to Congress Heights
618:Evelyn, Dickson & Ackerman 2008
717:Proctor, Black & Williams 1930
420:The neighborhood is served by the
25:
18:Congress Heights, Washington, D.C.
1011:Smith, Kathryn Schneider (2010).
738:. February 26, 1908. p. 252.
174:is a residential neighborhood in
1293:U Street Corridor (Cardozo/Shaw)
1166:
1149:
1141:
1124:
966:. Sterling, Va.: Capital Books.
902:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
68:
548:Croggon, James (July 7, 1907).
245:United States Department of War
381:. The farm shut down in 1939.
234:Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue
195:Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue
1:
1167:
1125:
981:Fennell, Margaret L. (1948).
1150:
1142:
1136:Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling
276:Founding of Congress Heights
313:, and the lower portion of
201:History of the neighborhood
2062:
1692:Stronghold-Metropolis View
606:Davidson & Malloy 2009
464:University of Pennsylvania
462:Randle, a graduate of the
152: • Councilmember
36:
29:
1102:
917:Burr, Charles R. (1920).
468:Mississippi State Militia
403:Naval Research Laboratory
99:38.840443000°N 77.00000°W
79:
67:
60:
1591:Sixteenth Street Heights
1390:American University Park
1369:Southwest Federal Center
697:"A Bridge Celebration".
337:20th-century development
291:John Philip Sousa Bridge
32:Congress Heights Station
1111:St. Elizabeths Hospital
836:. Washington City Paper
682:"It Was East End Day".
554:Washington Evening Star
230:St. Elizabeths Hospital
183:St. Elizabeths Hospital
104:38.840443000; -77.00000
371:Bolling Air Force Base
285:
216:
168:
1738:Mount Vernon Triangle
1445:Massachusetts Heights
1000:Proctor, John Clagett
822:. September 24, 1940.
734:"Electric Railways".
283:
213:
206:Pre-development years
166:
2000:Washington Highlands
1753:Southwest Waterfront
1566:North Portal Estates
1495:Woodland Normanstone
1455:North Cleveland Park
1186:Washington Highlands
803:"New Suburb Opens".
550:"Old 'Burnt Bridge'"
438:501(c)3 organization
327:Alexandria, Virginia
243:(1861 to 1865). The
187:South Capitol Street
1677:North Michigan Park
1354:Mount Vernon Square
820:The Washington Post
807:. October 25, 1906.
805:The Washington Post
793:, pp. 402–403.
699:The Washington Post
684:The Washington Post
657:The Washington Post
608:, pp. 132–133.
569:, pp. 171–172.
415:Giant Grocery Store
390:D.C. National Guard
331:Indian Head Highway
319:The Washington Post
317:) In October 1906,
222:11th Street Bridges
95: /
1904:Northeast Boundary
1824:East River Heights
1546:Fort Stevens Ridge
1460:Observatory Circle
1430:Friendship Heights
854:Tom (2013-08-12).
686:. August 26, 1890.
630:Tom (2012-04-29).
286:
241:American Civil War
217:
169:
2013:
2012:
1804:Central Northeast
1400:Cathedral Heights
1344:Sheridan-Kalorama
1258:Kalorama Triangle
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
769:, pp. 39–41.
472:Andrew H. Longino
161:
160:
16:(Redirected from
2053:
2026:Congress Heights
1975:Garfield Heights
1960:Congress Heights
1914:Randle Highlands
1889:Marshall Heights
1829:Eastland Gardens
1809:Civic Betterment
1733:Judiciary Square
1536:Colonial Village
1253:Columbia Heights
1234:Washington, D.C.
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478:of the state of
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430:Washington Metro
422:Congress Heights
303:Randle Highlands
191:Oxon Run Parkway
179:Washington, D.C.
172:Congress Heights
126:Washington, D.C.
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1990:Shipley Terrace
1928:
1884:Lincoln Heights
1834:Fairfax Village
1784:Benning Heights
1767:
1711:
1632:Carver Langston
1600:
1526:Brightwood Park
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1470:Potomac Heights
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1288:Pleasant Plains
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1158:Shipley Terrace
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701:. June 3, 1890.
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1743:Near Northeast
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1702:Truxton Circle
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1450:McLean Gardens
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1053:on 2014-05-17.
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925:. The Society.
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783:
781:, pp. 41.
771:
756:
741:
721:
719:, p. 732.
704:
689:
674:
662:
647:
622:
620:, p. 286.
610:
598:
583:
581:, p. 201.
571:
559:
540:
511:
510:
509:
503:
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493:
484:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
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392:was housed at
363:South Carolina
359:North Carolina
338:
335:
277:
274:
207:
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199:
159:
158:
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149:
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26:
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14:
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2024:
2023:
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2006:
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1956:
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1948:
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1938:
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1920:
1919:River Terrace
1917:
1915:
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1907:
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1789:Benning Ridge
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1723:Barney Circle
1721:
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1718:
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1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
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1687:Queens Chapel
1685:
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1682:Pleasant Hill
1680:
1678:
1675:
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1672:Michigan Park
1670:
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1586:Shepherd Park
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1576:Queens Chapel
1574:
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1517:
1516:Barnaby Woods
1514:
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1501:
1498:
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1475:Spring Valley
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1465:The Palisades
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1332:
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1329:Dupont Circle
1327:
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1317:
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1305:
1299:
1296:
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1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Meridian Hill
1271:
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1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:Neighborhoods
1224:
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1217:
1212:
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1187:
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1022:9780801893537
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984:
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973:9781933102702
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954:9780754694380
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909:9780810840942
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881:, p. 15.
880:
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835:
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826:
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811:
806:
799:
796:
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772:
768:
763:
761:
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754:, p. 15.
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398:anti-aircraft
395:
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133:
125:
118:United States
117:
108:
80:Coordinates:
71:
59:
52:
44:
40:
33:
19:
1959:
1879:Kingman Park
1849:Fort Stanton
1799:Capitol View
1758:Sursum Corda
1728:Capitol Hill
1647:Fort Lincoln
1617:Bloomingdale
1500:Woodley Park
1420:Forest Hills
1359:Penn Quarter
1349:Logan Circle
1334:Foggy Bottom
1298:Woodley Park
1268:LeDroit Park
1248:Adams Morgan
1146:
1048:the original
1031:
1012:
1003:
991:
982:
963:
944:
935:
922:
897:
888:Bibliography
874:
863:. Retrieved
860:Ghosts of DC
859:
849:
838:. Retrieved
828:
819:
813:
804:
798:
786:
779:Tindall 1918
774:
767:Tindall 1918
752:Fennell 1948
735:
698:
692:
683:
677:
665:
656:
650:
639:. Retrieved
636:Ghosts of DC
635:
625:
613:
601:
596:, p. 3.
574:
562:
553:
543:
534:
528:. Retrieved
524:
515:
496:
487:
458:
434:
419:
407:
386:World War II
383:
375:
347:Appalachians
340:
323:
318:
295:
287:
270:
253:Fort Carroll
238:
218:
171:
170:
156:Trayon White
62:Neighborhood
43:Utica Avenue
39:Lenox Avenue
1985:Park Naylor
1955:Buena Vista
1909:Penn Branch
1844:Fort Dupont
1819:Dupont Park
1652:Fort Totten
1551:Fort Totten
1531:Chevy Chase
1435:Glover Park
1415:Colony Hill
1405:Chevy Chase
480:Mississippi
343:Southerners
311:Penn Branch
307:Dupont Park
257:Fort Greble
139:Constructed
102: /
90:077°00′00″W
2020:Categories
1945:Barry Farm
1874:Kenilworth
1839:Fort Davis
1763:Swampoodle
1581:Riggs Park
1561:Manor Park
1521:Brightwood
1480:Tenleytown
1339:Georgetown
865:2019-02-25
840:2019-05-03
791:Smith 2010
641:2019-02-25
530:2021-07-22
482:, in 1902.
445:References
426:Green Line
394:Camp Simms
265:Barry Farm
147:Government
1980:Navy Yard
1940:Anacostia
1869:Hillcrest
1864:Hillbrook
1854:Good Hope
1794:Burrville
1707:Woodridge
1637:Eckington
1627:Brookland
1622:Brentwood
1612:Arboretum
1556:Hawthorne
1541:Crestwood
1485:Wakefield
1319:Chinatown
1283:Park View
567:Burr 1920
508:Citations
384:Prior to
379:Civil War
298:streetcar
226:Uniontown
176:Southeast
123:Territory
2005:Woodland
1970:Fairlawn
1965:Douglass
1950:Bellevue
1859:Greenway
1814:Deanwood
1697:Trinidad
1662:Ivy City
1642:Edgewood
1571:Petworth
1374:West End
1324:Downtown
1314:Burleith
1178:Bellevue
1116:Douglass
1034:: 24–86.
476:Governor
355:Virginia
351:migrated
349:who had
315:Greenway
249:magazine
1995:Skyland
1924:Twining
1894:Mayfair
1779:Benning
1667:Langdon
1657:Gateway
1425:Foxhall
1395:Berkley
536:Avenue.
428:of the
367:Georgia
215:Avenue.
115:Country
1933:Ward 8
1772:Ward 7
1716:Ward 6
1605:Ward 5
1596:Takoma
1509:Ward 4
1383:Ward 3
1307:Ward 2
1241:Ward 1
1019:
970:
951:
906:
365:, and
261:bluffs
134:Ward 8
1051:(PDF)
1044:(PDF)
470:from
450:Notes
353:from
1748:NoMa
1440:Kent
1364:Shaw
1017:ISBN
968:ISBN
949:ISBN
904:ISBN
388:the
345:and
142:1890
131:Ward
1232:in
2022::
934:.
921:.
858:.
759:^
744:^
724:^
707:^
634:.
586:^
552:.
533:.
523:.
474:,
405:.
373:.
361:,
357:,
309:,
1222:e
1215:t
1208:v
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
1025:.
976:.
957:.
912:.
868:.
843:.
644:.
556:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
