819:(1907–1912). Although excluded from the more important Duma committees, the Kadets were not entirely powerless and could determine the outcome of certain votes when allied with the centrist Octobrist faction against right-wing nationalist deputies. With the revolution crushed by 1908, they moderated their position even further as they voted to denounce revolutionary violence, no longer sought confrontation with the government and concentrated on influencing legislation whenever possible. By 1909, Miliukov could claim that the Kadets were now "the opposition of His Majesty, not the opposition to His Majesty", which caused only moderate dissent among the left-leaning faction of the party.
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759:(or the "Vyborg Appeal"), written by Miliukov. In the manifesto, they called for passive resistance, non-payment of taxes and draft avoidance. The appeal failed to have an effect on the population at large and proved both ineffective and counterproductive, leading to a ban on its authors, including the entire Kadet leadership, from participation in future Dumas. This was further accentuated by the force of the tsar trying to control and deteriorate the power of the Duma.
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parliament and their attempts to concentrate on lawmaking were frustrated by radicals on the left and on the right who saw the Duma as a propaganda tool. Although the Kadets had moderated their position in the Second Duma, they refused to vote in May 1907 for a resolution denouncing revolutionary violence which gave the government of
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Although the Kadets, allied with the
Progressive faction and the Octobrists, were able to push some liberal bills (religious freedoms, freedom of the press and of the labor unions) through the Duma, the bills were either diluted by the upper house of the parliament or vetoed by the tsar. The failure
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faction, forming a majority in the Duma. When their declaration of legislative intent was rejected by the government at the start of the parliamentary session in April, they adopted a radical oppositionist line, denouncing the government at every opportunity. On 9 July, the government announced that
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campaign in an attempt to restrict minority rights, notably drastically curtailing
Finland's autonomy. Most Kadets were opposed to these policies and allied with the left-wing of the Octobrists tried to blunt them as much as possible, but they were unsuccessful. However, a minority of Kadets headed
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in August 1915 which was critical of the government's prosecution of the war and demanded a government of "popular confidence". As Russia's defeats in the war multiplied, the Kadets' opposition became more pronounced, culminating in
Miliukov's speech in the Duma in October 1916 when he all but
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allies to continue the war (18 April) was made public on 26 April. The resulting government crisis led to
Miliukov's resignation and a power-sharing agreement with moderate socialist parties on 4–5 May. The Kadets' position was further eroded during the July crisis when they resigned from the
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was convened on 20 February 1907, the Kadets found themselves in a difficult position. Their leadership was not represented in the Duma after the Vyborg
Manifesto fiasco and their numbers were reduced to about 100. Although still the largest faction in the Duma, they no longer dominated the
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was expelled 1903–1904 when the Kadets were preparing to form a party. Mechelin cooperated with them and wrote them a liberal constitution for Russia to be enforced when they would get into power. At the time of Vyborg
Manifesto, Mechelin was already the leader of the Finnish government, or
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was
Minister of Education and served briefly as chair of the short-lived Commission on Nationality Affairs. The Kadets had become a liability for their socialist coalition partners and an evidence of the treason of the moderated socialists, exposed by
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when the Kadets unconditionally supported the government and found an outlet for their energies in various kinds of relief work under the umbrella of the All-Russian Union of
Zemstvos and the All-Russian Union of Cities.
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autonomy, more as a symbolic gesture in light of the German occupation of this territory. However, this tendency was limited as most of the ministers feared a break up of the empire. One of the Kadet leaders,
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that would determine the country's form of government. This radicalism was despite the fact 60% of Kadets were nobles. The Kadets were one of the parties invited by the reform-minded Prime
Minister
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in
February 1906, the Kadets received 37% of the urban vote and won over 30% of the seats in the Duma. They interpreted their electoral win as a mandate and allied with the left-leaning peasant
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argued that the Duma experience had been a failure and that "constructive work" was pointless under an autocratic government. Kadet leaders on the right like Central Committee members
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on 4 April 1912 and a continuous decline in party membership after 1906, the rift in the party became more pronounced. Kadet leaders on the left like Central Committee member
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showed the government's incompetence, the Kadets, together with the Progressive faction, the Octobrist faction and a part of the Nationalist faction in the Duma, formed the
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to join his cabinet in October–November 1905, but the negotiations broke down over the Kadets' radical demands and Witte's refusal to drop notorious reactionaries like
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aspirations and declared their support for a constitutional monarchy. The government remained suspicious of the Kadets until the fall of the monarchy in 1917. Finnish
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in 1990 and based on the program of the historical Kadet party. However, the party soon drifted into hardline nationalist politics and joined the national-communist
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a pretext to dissolve the Second Duma on 3 June 1907 and change the electoral law to drastically limit the representation of leftist and liberal parties.
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and the right to take strike action. The Kadets "were unwaveringly committed to full citizenship for all of Russia's minorities" and supported
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supported a moderate version of Russification, which threatened to split the party. With the increase in popular discontent after the
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government in protest against concessions to the Ukrainian independence movement. The coalition was reformed later in July under
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Due to the changes in the electoral law, the Kadets were reduced to a relatively small (54 seats) opposition group in the
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of their legislative program further discredited the Kadets' strategy of peaceful change through gradual reform.
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argued for a shift to the right. The disagreements were temporarily put aside in July 1914 at the outbreak of
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It was not until later in 1906, with the revolution in retreat, that the Kadets abandoned revolutionary and
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by transferring power from governors-general to local representatives. They issued a decree recognising
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With the Bolshevik seizure of power on 25–26 October and subsequent transfer of political power to the
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The Constitutional Democratic Party was formed in Moscow on 12–18 October 1905 at the height of the
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of 1917, Kadet deputies in the Duma and other prominent Kadets formed the core of the newly formed
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Once the initial outburst of national unity feelings died down in mid-1915 as Russian retreat from
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The Kadets' position in the Provisional Government was compromised when Miliukov's promise to the
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professionals and intellectuals, including teachers, lawyers, writers, physicians and engineers.
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This article is about the Russian political party. For other parties with the same name, see
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the Duma was dysfunctional and dissolved it. In response, 120 Kadet and 80 Trudovik and
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Government, Industry and Rearmament in Russia, 1900–1914: The Last Argument of Tsarism
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Kalmykia in Russia's Past and Present National Policies and Administrative System
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with five portfolios. Although exercising limited power in a situation known as
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1654:"Decree on the Arrest of the Leaders of the Civil War Against the Revolution"
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propaganda. By the summer of 1917, many prominent Kadets were supporters of
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With some socialist and revolutionary parties boycotting the election to the
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from the start, the Kadets were at first ambiguous on the subject, demanding
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1420:. Internationales Handwtsrterbuch des Gewerkschaftswesens. pp. 412–423.
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622:'s writings formed the theoretical basis of the party's platform. Historian
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2017:
Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
1406:
Decree On The Arrest Of The Leaders Of The Civil War Against The Revolution
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1974:
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People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption"
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The Kadets' liberal economic program favored the workers' right to an
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755:(and thus beyond the reach of Russian police) and responded with the
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and a significant number of each group were active party members.
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162:Конституционно-демократическая партия / Па́ртия Наро́дной Свобо́ды
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Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
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and survived yet another government crisis in early September.
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The Zemstvo in Russia: An Experiment in Local Self-government
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Melissa Stockdale. "The Constitutional Democratic Party" in
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https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/nov/28.htm
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and supported the Supreme Soviet against President Yeltsin.
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Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom
1522:
Jewish Policies and Right-wing Politics in Imperial Russia
995:
Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom
159:
Constitutional Democratic Party / Party of Peoples Freedom
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The Russian Moderates and the Crisis of Tsarism 1914–1917
614:(or Cadets) from the abbreviation K-D of the party name.
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In 1910, the government rekindled its pre-revolutionary
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politician and professor of jurisdiction and politology
602:—among other policies—and attracted a base ranging from
775:"Mechelin's senate" (1905–1908), which implemented the
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Russian political movements and non-registered parties
1536:(eds. Terence Emmons & Wayne S. Vucinich), p. 441.
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Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of Russia
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82:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1560:From Privileged to Dispossessed: The Volga Germans
626:was the party's leader throughout its existence.
3339:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
1547:Paul Miliukov and the Quest for a Liberal Russia
39:Constitutional Democratic Party (disambiguation)
5688:Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists
1505:This name should not be confused with the term
703:. The Kadets were to the immediate left of the
45:. For the Russian party dissolved in 2023, see
1439:. Central European University Press. pp.
421:Skill and work for the good of the Motherland
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8:
5782:Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan
30:"Kadet" redirects here. For other uses, see
6041:Political parties of the Russian Revolution
5101:Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution
629:The Kadets' base of support were primarily
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5523:Congress of the Enslaved Peoples of Russia
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27:1905–1917 Russian centrist political party
6066:1905 establishments in the Russian Empire
1431:Maksimov, Konstantin Nikolaevich (2008).
969:Russian Civil War and decline (1918–1940)
876:accused government ministers of treason.
571:Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaya partiya
142:Learn how and when to remove this message
6051:Political parties disestablished in 1917
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1124:
883:
560:Конституцио́нно-демократи́ческая па́ртия
6046:Political parties in the Russian Empire
5113:Universals (Central Council of Ukraine)
4322:Collective Security Treaty Organization
2002:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
1945:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
1691:
1396:
5649:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
5431:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
5290:Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
5193:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
2508:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
2057:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
6036:Political parties established in 1905
3880:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
1302:
1136:
7:
5609:Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)
5019:Unified Sports Classification System
1885:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
1470:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
799:Parliamentary opposition (1906–1917)
80:adding citations to reliable sources
5852:National Republican Party of Russia
5837:Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"
5203:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1848:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
1620:Orlando Figes, The People's Tragedy
973:After the Bolshevik victory in the
715:(including women's suffrage) and a
647:Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists
5917:Russian Democratic Reform Movement
5736:Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party
5223:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
5218:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
4317:Commonwealth of Independent States
1970:Council of the People's Commissars
1673:, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1999,
25:
6031:Defunct liberal political parties
5937:Social Democratic Party of Russia
5927:Russian Party of Social Democracy
5882:Party of Workers' Self-Government
5872:Party of Russian Unity and Accord
5575:Defunct Russian political parties
5528:All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
5343:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party
5208:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
1467:Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime
91:"Constitutional Democratic Party"
6071:1917 disestablishments in Russia
5634:Party of Revolutionary Communism
5239:West Ukrainian People's Republic
3631:
3630:
3618:
1980:Military Revolutionary Committee
1706:
1694:
1035:Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov
56:
6026:Constitutional Democratic Party
5912:Russian Communist Workers Party
5772:Buryat-Mongolian People's Party
5698:Zionist Socialist Workers Party
5599:Constitutional Democratic Party
5519:All-Ukrainian National Congress
1875:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1642:), Penguin Books, 2014, p. 187.
1360:Contributions to liberal theory
1070:Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov
841:Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov
653:as well as the organization of
552:Constitutional Democratic Party
67:needs additional citations for
47:People's Freedom Party (Russia)
18:Constitutional-Democratic Party
5676:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
5614:Jewish Socialist Workers Party
5392:Polish Democratic Center Party
2409:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1950:Russian Provisional Government
1080:Moisei Yakovlevich Ostrogorsky
906:Russian Provisional Government
892:, a Kadet magazine put out by
1:
5671:Socialist Revolutionary Party
5407:Socialist Revolutionary Party
4227:Political abuse of psychiatry
3171:Political abuse of psychiatry
2963:Congress of People's Deputies
2074:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1821:Ukrainian War of Independence
1464:Pipes, Richard (2011-05-04).
429:Умение и труд на благо Родине
6081:Monarchist parties in Russia
5719:Communist Party of the RSFSR
5629:Party of Narodnik Communists
5354:Soviet of Peasants Deputies
5305:Ukrainian Socialist Parties
4872:Traditions and superstitions
1985:Russian Constituent Assembly
1880:Red Army invasion of Georgia
1865:Estonian War of Independence
1545:Melissa Kirschke Stockdale,
1065:Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov
610:. Party members were called
5842:Movement of Women of Russia
5797:Democratic Choice of Russia
5683:Union of the Russian People
5365:Soviet of Soldiers Deputies
5177:Crimean Regional Government
5149:Ukrainian People's Republic
5139:Ukrainian People's Republic
4538:Water supply and sanitation
3334:Academy of Medical Sciences
2429:Workers' Councils in Poland
2027:Ukrainian People's Republic
1870:Latvian War of Independence
1075:Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg
939:Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg
680:Radical origins (1905–1906)
570:
6102:
5952:Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
5817:Future of Russia–New Names
5812:Fatherland Socialist Party
5604:Party of Democratic Reform
5403:Russian Socialist Parties
5362:Soviet of Workers Deputies
5270:Central Council of Ukraine
2449:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
2091:General Jewish Labour Bund
1960:Pro-independence movements
1667:Russia Under the Last Tsar
686:Russian Revolution of 1905
588:Па́ртия Наро́дной Свобо́ды
246:11 December 1917
36:
29:
6056:Liberal parties in Russia
5995:List of political parties
5985:
5862:Party of Economic Freedom
5533:Labor Congress of Ukraine
5515:
5388:Polish Socialist Parties
5368:Jewish Socialist Parties
5357:Ukrainian Peasant Society
5198:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
5172:Crimean People's Republic
5132:Ukrainian national states
5108:
5038:
4559:
4383:
4127:
3926:
3612:
3373:
2419:Hungarian Soviet Republic
1795:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
1495:. Springer. pp. 2–3.
1491:Pearson, Raymond (1977).
1299:
1296:
1293:
1133:
1130:
1127:
725:Petr Nikolayevich Durnovo
587:
584:Party of People's Freedom
559:
525:
428:
342:Constitutional monarchism
231:12 October 1905
168:
5967:Union of Women of Russia
5897:People's Patriotic Union
5867:Party of Peace and Unity
5847:National Bolshevik Party
5787:Conceptual Party "Unity"
5731:Liberal Democratic Party
4312:Prime Minister of Russia
2414:Bavarian Soviet Republic
2404:Revolutions of 1917–1923
1100:Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams
1025:Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev
1009:List of prominent Kadets
1003:National Salvation Front
997:was founded in the then-
857:Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams
580:Constitutional Democrats
5877:Party of Social Justice
5807:Fatherland – All Russia
5762:Baltic Republican Party
5582:Constitutional monarchy
5348:Ukrainian Radical Party
5254:Kuban People's Republic
5165:Crimean national states
5118:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4750:Social entrepreneurship
4639:Forced public apologies
4574:Anti-American sentiment
3625:Soviet Union portal
1831:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
1385:List of liberal parties
1287:Constitutional Assembly
777:universal right to vote
709:constitutional monarchy
695:was forced to sign the
600:constitutional monarchy
361:Political position
6076:Anti-communist parties
6061:Social liberal parties
5942:Socialist United Party
5397:Polish Socialist Party
5213:Odessa Soviet Republic
4498:Social security system
4481:Science and technology
4147:Classified information
3973:Central Russian Upland
3517:Stalinist architecture
3271:Science and technology
3181:Ideological repression
3109:Soviet Airborne Forces
3047:Destruction battalions
2444:Slovak Soviet Republic
2424:Hungarian–Romanian War
2126:Provisional Government
1416:Struve, Peter (1932).
897:
604:moderate conservatives
598:that promoted Western
43:People's Freedom Party
32:Kadet (disambiguation)
5922:Russian Party of Life
5452:Volodymyr Vynnychenko
5321:Socialists-Sovereigns
5249:Kholodny Yar Republic
4959:Russian tsars regalia
4292:Intelligence agencies
4015:Great Russian Regions
3759:Expansion (1500-1800)
3299:List of metro systems
2852:Collective leadership
2116:Nicholas II of Russia
1418:The Social Liberalism
1370:Liberalism by country
887:
5285:Constituent Assembly
5026:World Heritage sites
4403:Droughts and famines
3956:Environmental issues
3704:Proto-Indo-Europeans
3261:Net material product
3204:Censorship of images
3121:Political repression
3081:Soviet Border Troops
3014:First Deputy Premier
2598:1965 economic reform
2593:Soviet space program
2434:Polish–Ukrainian War
1836:Polish–Ukrainian War
1826:Ukrainian–Soviet War
1562:, 1860–1917, p. 207.
1549:, 1880–1918, p. 142.
1375:Liberalism in Russia
747:deputies went to in
717:Constituent Assembly
513:Constituent Assembly
216:Vladimir Nabokov Sr.
76:improve this article
5802:Dignity and Charity
5624:Union of October 17
5457:Vsevolod Holubovych
5447:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
4877:Forms of addressing
4486:Academy of Sciences
4443:Financial districts
4307:President of Russia
4232:Political divisions
4192:Freedom of assembly
4074:West Siberian Plain
3820:Great Patriotic War
3781:February Revolution
3329:Academy of Sciences
3144:Population transfer
3088:Soviet Armed Forces
2951:Congress of Soviets
2932:Presidium/Politburo
2896:Soviet anti-Zionism
2745:West Siberian Plain
2623:Revolutions of 1989
2560:Great Patriotic War
2545:New Economic Policy
2086:Union of October 17
1905:Kronstadt rebellion
1900:Workers' Opposition
1775:February Revolution
1681:, pp. 164–169.
902:February Revolution
666:Jewish emancipation
643:Union of Liberation
6000:Politics of Russia
5947:Spiritual Heritage
5745:Post-Soviet period
5639:Popular Socialists
5482:Volodymyr Zatonsky
5467:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
4927:Russian given name
4513:Telecommunications
4463:Petroleum industry
4327:State of emergency
4172:Far-right politics
4137:Capital punishment
3983:Meshchera Lowlands
3837:Russian Federation
3793:October Revolution
2974:Military Collegium
2842:Capital punishment
2720:Caucasus Mountains
2633:Post-Soviet states
2513:Russian Revolution
2354:Stepan Petrichenko
2278:Alexander Kerensky
1790:October Revolution
1750:Russian Revolution
1638:Paradoxes of Power
1611:Long, pp. 207–208.
1105:Vladimir Vernadsky
1045:Prince Georgy Lvov
1030:Vasily Klyuchevsky
1015:Konstantin Balmont
935:Alexander Kerensky
914:self-determination
898:
890:Svoboda i Kultura
713:universal suffrage
616:Konstantin Kavelin
530:Politics of Russia
6013:
6012:
5857:Our Home – Russia
5767:Beer Lovers Party
5664:internationalists
5541:
5540:
5472:Noman Çelebicihan
5299:Political parties
5232:Other territories
5157:
5067:
5066:
5034:
5033:
4614:Domestic violence
4546:
4545:
4468:Russian oligarchs
4393:Aircraft industry
4370:
4369:
4347:Mass surveillance
4337:Search and rescue
4302:Political parties
4182:Foreign relations
4114:
4113:
3913:
3912:
3905:Historical cities
3764:Tsardom of Russia
3644:
3643:
3608:
3607:
3600:Hammer and sickle
3542:and their groups
3540:Soviet dissidents
3319:Communist Academy
3236:Economic planning
3212:
3211:
3105:Soviet Air Forces
3024:Security services
2944:General Secretary
2927:Central Committee
2869:Political parties
2801:Brezhnev Doctrine
2796:Foreign relations
2753:
2752:
2694:Autonomous okrugs
2608:Soviet–Afghan War
2588:Sino-Soviet split
2530:Russian Civil War
2457:
2456:
2439:Polish–Soviet War
2392:
2391:
2326:Alexander Antonov
2321:Maria Spiridonova
2250:Felix Dzerzhinsky
2167:Alexander Kolchak
2144:Alexander Guchkov
1933:
1932:
1860:Polish–Soviet War
1843:Finnish Civil War
1816:Russian Civil War
1477:978-0-307-78861-0
1365:Liberal democracy
1351:
1350:
1284:
1283:
1116:Electoral history
1020:Nikolai Gredeskul
975:Russian Civil War
853:Nikolai Gredeskul
849:Mikhail Chelnokov
697:October Manifesto
582:and formally the
568:
548:
547:
535:Political parties
319:Social liberalism
152:
151:
144:
126:
16:(Redirected from
6093:
5726:Democratic Union
5644:Russian Assembly
5568:
5561:
5554:
5545:
5507:Maria Nikiforova
5487:Georgiy Pyatakov
5477:Yukhym Medvediev
5314:independent left
5151:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5071:
5047:
4994:Russian language
4937:National symbols
4557:
4476:
4433:Fishing industry
4423:Economic regions
4418:Defence industry
4381:
4125:
4079:Russian Far East
3978:Northwest Russia
3936:Cities and towns
3924:
3786:Russian Republic
3692:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3371:
3279:
3134:Collectivization
2879:Marxism–Leninism
2764:
2653:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2349:Maria Nikiforova
2245:Nikolai Bukharin
2215:Grigory Zinoviev
2182:Nikolai Yudenich
2104:
1965:Petrograd Soviet
1895:Tambov Rebellion
1890:Left SR uprising
1765:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1340:
1291:
1273:
1240:
1207:
1174:
1125:
1060:Sergey Muromtsev
873:Progressive Bloc
779:and freedoms of
757:Vyborg Manifesto
589:
573:
563:
561:
520:
506:
487:
468:
449:
430:
410:
404:
344:
283:Saint Petersburg
253:
251:
238:
236:
211:Pavel Dolgorukov
206:Andrei Shingarev
173:
154:
147:
140:
136:
133:
127:
125:
84:
60:
52:
21:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6086:Radical parties
6016:
6015:
6014:
6009:
5990:Portal:Politics
5981:
5977:Women of Russia
5962:Union of Greens
5740:
5714:Communist Party
5702:
5583:
5577:
5572:
5542:
5537:
5511:
5435:
5294:
5258:
5227:
5181:
5160:
5144:Ukrainian State
5127:
5104:
5098:
5068:
5063:
5050:
5043:
5030:
4989:Public holidays
4984:Political jokes
4969:Personification
4922:Names of Russia
4791:
4710:Life expectancy
4542:
4474:
4366:
4217:Law enforcement
4110:
4096:Protected areas
3993:Smolensk Upland
3988:Oka–Don Lowland
3968:European Russia
3909:
3848:
3734:Mongol invasion
3681:
3675:
3645:
3640:
3619:
3617:
3604:
3552:
3526:
3446:
3360:
3305:
3277:
3251:Internet domain
3246:Five-year plans
3208:
3175:
3115:
3018:
2980:
2912:Communist Party
2900:
2859:Passport system
2749:
2725:European Russia
2703:
2642:
2583:Khrushchev Thaw
2562:(World War II)
2540:Creation treaty
2494:
2488:
2458:
2453:
2388:
2384:Peter Kropotkin
2330:
2292:
2259:
2235:Semyon Budyonny
2191:
2148:
2120:
2095:
2033:
2022:Tsentralna Rada
1929:
1804:
1785:Kornilov affair
1756:
1747:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1571:Peter Gatrell,
1570:
1566:
1558:James W. Long,
1557:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1356:
1341:
1338:
1289:
1274:
1271:
1241:
1238:
1208:
1205:
1175:
1172:
1123:
1118:
1090:Igor Stravinsky
1050:Vasily Maklakov
1011:
993:A party called
991:
971:
952:Kornilov affair
882:
880:1917 Revolution
845:Vasily Maklakov
801:
745:Social Democrat
701:civil liberties
699:granting basic
682:
651:Union of Unions
620:Boris Chicherin
592:political party
578:), also called
544:
521:
518:
507:
504:
488:
485:
469:
466:
450:
447:
422:
408:
402:
394:
384:
371:
355:
349:
347:Parliamentarism
345:
340:
339:
330:
326:
317:
274:
249:
247:
234:
232:
223:
164:
163:
160:
148:
137:
131:
128:
85:
83:
73:
61:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6099:
6097:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6018:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5902:People's Union
5899:
5894:
5892:People's Party
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5832:Liberal Russia
5829:
5824:
5822:Green Alliance
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5462:Symon Petliura
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5244:Makhnovshchina
5241:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5049:
5048:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4503:Space industry
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4342:Urban planning
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4177:Federal budget
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4086:North Caucasus
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4022:
4020:Highest points
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3965:
3963:Extreme points
3960:
3959:
3958:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3776:Russian Empire
3773:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680: articles
3676:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3294:Rail transport
3291:
3289:Railway system
3281:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3009:Deputy Premier
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2992:Heads of state
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2960:
2957:Supreme Soviet
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2874:State ideology
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:Ural Mountains
2737:
2732:
2730:North Caucasus
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Semen Karetnyk
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2288:Boris Sokoloff
2285:
2283:Boris Savinkov
2280:
2275:
2273:Viktor Chernov
2269:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Yakov Sverdlov
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Mikhail Frunze
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Vladimir Lenin
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:White movement
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2139:Pavel Milyukov
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:White movement
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1918:Central Powers
1915:
1909:Interventions
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1683:
1682:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1630:Stephen Kotkin
1622:
1613:
1604:
1602:Rogger, p. 20.
1595:
1593:Rogger, p. 20.
1586:
1584:Rogger, p. 20.
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1526:
1513:
1498:
1483:
1476:
1456:
1449:
1423:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:Pavel Milyukov
1324:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:Pavel Milyukov
1257:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:Pavel Milyukov
1224:
1221:1907 (October)
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:Pavel Milyukov
1191:
1188:1907 (January)
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:Pavel Milyukov
1158:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1055:Pavel Miliukov
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1007:
990:
987:
970:
967:
881:
878:
810:Pyotr Stolypin
800:
797:
681:
678:
662:eight-hour day
624:Pavel Miliukov
596:Russian Empire
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
526:
523:
522:
517:
515:
509:
508:
503:
501:
490:
489:
484:
482:
471:
470:
465:
463:
452:
451:
446:
444:
433:
432:
419:
415:
414:
400:
396:
395:
393:
392:
379:
365:
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
334:
321:
306:
304:
298:
297:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
273:
272:
267:
261:
259:
258:Merger of
255:
254:
244:
240:
239:
229:
225:
224:
222:
221:
218:
213:
208:
203:
202:Pavel Miliukov
199:
197:
193:
192:
190:Pavel Miliukov
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
150:
149:
64:
62:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6098:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:Soviet period
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5580:
5576:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5557:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Nestor Makhno
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:Major figures
5438:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:Minor Council
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:Soviet states
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5009:Seven Wonders
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4974:Playing cards
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4669:Mental health
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:Ethnic groups
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4332:Civil defense
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
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4277:Media freedom
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4162:Criminal code
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2969:Supreme Court
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2571:The Holocaust
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2397:International
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2374:Viktor Bilash
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2344:Nestor Makhno
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2316:Mark Natanson
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2306:Yakov Blumkin
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2230:Joseph Stalin
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2187:Lavr Kornilov
2185:
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2177:Pyotr Krasnov
2175:
2173:
2172:Anton Denikin
2170:
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2162:Pyotr Wrangel
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1800:Junker mutiny
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1679:1-55786-995-2
1676:
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1671:Geifman, Anna
1668:
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1520:Hans Rogger,
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1450:9789639776173
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1297:Party leader
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1131:Party leader
1126:
1120:
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1111:
1110:Maxim Vinaver
1108:
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949:
948:Lavr Kornilov
945:
940:
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911:
907:
903:
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891:
886:
879:
877:
874:
870:
865:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:Lena massacre
834:
829:
828:Russification
824:
820:
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813:
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790:
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679:
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675:
674:Volga Germans
671:
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663:
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640:
636:
635:professionals
632:
631:intellectuals
627:
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364:
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352:
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343:
338:
335:
333:
332:Republicanism
329:
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110:
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103:
100:
96:
93: –
92:
88:
87:Find sources:
81:
77:
71:
70:
65:This article
63:
59:
54:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5827:Khostug Tyva
5619:Labour Group
5598:
4947:Coat of arms
4907:Martial arts
4815:Army culture
4805:Architecture
4775:Witch trials
4730:Prostitution
4676:Human rights
4609:Demographics
4523:Trade unions
4493:Shipbuilding
4453:Homelessness
4413:Central Bank
4408:Car industry
4247:Conservatism
4157:Constitution
4152:Conscription
3825:Eastern Bloc
3815:Soviet Union
3808:Russian SFSR
3738:Feudal Rus'
3616:
3388:Demographics
3378:Antisemitism
3231:Central Bank
3149:Forced labor
3097:Spetsnaz GRU
2917:organisation
2825:Human rights
2774:Constitution
2657:Subdivisions
2535:Russian SFSR
2491:Soviet Union
2369:Fedir Shchus
2311:Boris Kamkov
2255:Alexei Rykov
2220:Leon Trotsky
2046:
2007:Green armies
1997:Black Guards
1713:Soviet Union
1669:, edited by
1666:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1466:
1459:
1434:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1399:
1319:
1300:Performance
1252:
1219:
1186:
1153:
1134:Performance
1095:Pyotr Struve
1085:Sofia Panina
1040:Solomon Krym
999:Russian SFSR
992:
989:Refoundation
983:World War II
972:
956:
927:
899:
894:Semyon Frank
889:
866:
833:Pyotr Struve
825:
821:
814:
802:
789:congregation
772:Leo Mechelin
761:
733:
721:Sergei Witte
683:
659:
628:
611:
583:
579:
575:
551:
549:
381:
368:
336:
323:
292:
279:Headquarters
178:Abbreviation
138:
129:
119:
112:
105:
98:
86:
74:Please help
69:verification
66:
5907:Right Cause
5777:Civic Union
5752:Adyghe Hase
5382:Poalei Zion
5280:Directorate
5263:Parliaments
5154:Directorate
5103:(1917–1920)
4999:tea culture
4852:Fairy tales
4715:Open access
4688:Immigration
4649:Gun control
4388:Agriculture
4357:Term limits
4267:Martial law
4262:Nationalism
4257:Irredentism
4252:Imperialism
4035:Caspian Sea
3951:Environment
3946:Earthquakes
3842:Union State
3830:Dissolution
3729:Kievan Rus'
3719:Early Slavs
3492:Phraseology
3437:Prohibition
3425:Linguistics
3410:Drug policy
3403:1989 census
3324:Cybernetics
3226:Agriculture
3139:Great Purge
3101:Soviet Navy
3093:Soviet Army
2965:(1989–1991)
2959:(1938–1991)
2953:(1922–1936)
2937:Secretariat
2808:Gun control
2715:Caspian Sea
2699:Closed city
2628:Dissolution
2613:Perestroika
2555:Great Purge
2379:Fanya Baron
2359:Lev Chernyi
2210:Lev Kamenev
2134:Georgy Lvov
2108:Monarchists
1640:, 1878-1928
1311:Percentage
1145:Percentage
979:Vozrojdénie
950:during the
923:Prince Lvov
900:During the
861:World War I
805:Second Duma
793:association
693:Nicholas II
390:centre-left
373:Centre-left
181:K-D; Kadets
6020:Categories
5957:Styr Nyxas
5932:Sakha Omuk
5659:mensheviks
5654:bolsheviks
5492:Yuri Gaven
5424:Mensheviks
5419:Bolsheviks
5372:Fareynikte
5336:Borotbists
5004:Television
4979:Philosophy
4912:Mass media
4902:Literature
4897:Inventions
4659:Healthcare
4594:Corruption
4584:Censorship
4475:(currency)
4352:Separatism
4297:Opposition
4282:Neo-Nazism
4272:Monarchism
4242:Liberalism
4237:Propaganda
4197:Government
4064:North Asia
3865:Journalism
3724:East Slavs
3714:Sarmatians
3532:Opposition
3522:Television
3502:Propaganda
3475:Literature
3349:Naukograds
3344:Sharashkas
3278:(currency)
3256:Inventions
3199:Censorship
3129:Red Terror
2813:Government
2687:Autonomous
2670:Autonomous
2603:Stagnation
2566:Evacuation
2336:Anarchists
2197:Bolsheviks
2067:Mensheviks
2062:Bolsheviks
2012:Red Guards
1855:Heimosodat
1768:Revolution
1391:References
1380:Liberalism
1331:2,088,000
1121:State Duma
910:dual power
817:Third Duma
781:expression
764:republican
736:First Duma
705:Octobrists
608:socialists
586:(Russian:
494:State Duma
475:State Duma
456:State Duma
437:State Duma
328:Radicalism
310:Liberalism
250:1917-12-11
235:1905-10-12
220:and others
132:April 2014
102:newspapers
5586:Civil War
5123:Act Zluky
4862:Festivals
4755:Sociology
4705:Languages
4624:Education
4528:Transport
4362:Terrorism
4207:Judiciary
4201:Apparatus
4167:Elections
4132:Anarchism
4106:Far North
4057:Volcanoes
4042:Mountains
3919:Geography
3798:Civil war
3709:Scythians
3593:Republics
3581:Republics
3569:Republics
3420:Languages
3284:Transport
3166:Holodomor
3059:Militsiya
2997:President
2889:Stalinism
2791:Elections
2665:Republics
2648:Geography
2638:Nostalgia
2550:Stalinism
2265:Right SRs
1990:elections
1809:Civil War
1780:July Days
1754:Civil War
1636:(Vol. 1:
1347:Minority
1280:Minority
1247:Minority
1239:124 / 509
1214:Minority
1181:Majority
1173:179 / 478
981:") until
944:Bolshevik
803:When the
727:from the
655:bourgeois
590:), was a
565:romanized
540:Elections
467:124 / 518
448:178 / 497
382:1906–1917
377:left-wing
369:1905–1906
351:Pluralism
337:1906–1917
324:1905–1906
289:Newspaper
186:President
5497:Béla Kun
5377:The Bund
5152:(led by
5054:Category
4932:Nobility
4892:Internet
4887:Heraldry
4882:Graffiti
4867:Folklore
4810:Armorial
4740:Religion
4725:Polygamy
4664:HIV/AIDS
4644:Funerals
4634:Feminism
4604:Deafness
4589:Citizens
4579:Cannabis
4564:Abortion
4508:Taxation
4448:Gambling
4438:Forestry
4287:Military
4120:Politics
4101:Wildlife
4047:Caucasus
4010:Glaciers
3890:Military
3875:Internet
3853:By topic
3747:Vladimir
3742:Novgorod
3696:Timeline
3636:Category
3189:Religion
3076:Chairmen
2922:Congress
2884:Leninism
2864:Propiska
2759:Politics
2618:Glasnost
2578:Cold War
2518:February
2298:Left SRs
2079:Left SRs
1975:Red Army
1923:Siberian
1575:, p. 81.
1524:, p. 20.
1354:See also
1339:17 / 703
1272:59 / 509
1267:Unknown
1264:Unknown
1234:Unknown
1231:Unknown
1206:98 / 518
1201:Unknown
1198:Unknown
1168:Unknown
1165:Unknown
888:Logo of
740:Trudovik
649:and the
606:to mild
519:24 / 766
505:59 / 432
486:54 / 441
479:Oct 1907
460:Jan 1907
302:Ideology
196:Founders
5045:Outline
4857:Fashion
4847:Fashion
4835:Cuisine
4797:Culture
4785:in army
4770:Wedding
4765:Suicide
4760:Smoking
4745:Slavery
4720:Orphans
4693:Illegal
4569:Alcohol
4552:Society
4518:Tourism
4398:Banking
4376:Economy
4221:Prisons
4069:Siberia
4025:Islands
4005:Geology
3941:Climate
3931:Borders
3895:Outline
3870:Judaism
3860:Economy
3687:History
3557:Symbols
3470:Fashion
3452:Culture
3366:Society
3311:Science
3276:Rouble
3218:Economy
3194:Science
3004:Premier
2985:Offices
2847:Leaders
2767:General
2735:Siberia
2708:Regions
2682:Oblasts
2523:October
2500:History
2100:Figures
2039:Parties
1687:Portals
1303:Status
1137:Status
963:Kaledin
959:Soviets
930:Entente
896:in 1917
869:Galicia
768:liberal
753:Finland
729:cabinet
639:zemstvo
618:'s and
594:in the
567::
556:Russian
425:Russian
399:Colours
314:Russian
270:Zemstvo
265:Zemstvo
248: (
233: (
228:Founded
116:scholar
5757:Alania
5059:Portal
5014:Sports
4942:Anthem
4830:Cinema
4825:Ballet
4735:Racism
4698:Labour
4654:Health
4619:Doping
4473:Ruble
4458:Mining
4428:Energy
4091:Rivers
4000:Fjords
3900:Postal
3752:Moscow
3678:Russia
3576:Emblem
3564:Anthem
3512:Sports
3465:Cinema
3460:Ballet
3442:Racism
3415:Family
2905:Bodies
2493:topics
2047:Kadets
1938:Groups
1913:Allied
1761:Events
1701:Russia
1677:
1634:Stalin
1508:cadets
1474:
1447:
1443:–173.
1314:Seats
1308:Votes
1148:Seats
1142:Votes
918:Polish
749:Vyborg
645:, the
612:Kadets
418:Slogan
409:
403:
386:Centre
243:Banned
118:
111:
104:
97:
89:
5972:Unity
5309:USDLP
4964:Opera
4917:Music
4780:Women
4681:LGBTQ
4599:Crime
4533:Waste
4052:Urals
4030:Lakes
3507:Radio
3485:Opera
3480:Music
3383:Crime
3154:Gulag
3032:Cheka
2677:Krais
2052:Nabat
1334:4.7%
1294:Year
1128:Year
785:press
688:when
412:White
406:Azure
123:JSTOR
109:books
5594:Bund
5584:and
5412:Left
5331:UPSR
5326:UPSF
4952:Flag
4840:Wine
4820:Arts
3885:LGBT
3769:Army
3588:Flag
3546:List
3354:List
3266:OGAS
3159:List
3042:NKVD
2830:LGBT
2818:List
2784:1977
2779:1936
1752:and
1675:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1344:3rd
1321:1917
1277:4th
1254:1912
1244:3rd
1211:2nd
1178:1st
1155:1906
855:and
791:and
690:Tsar
672:and
670:Jews
633:and
550:The
498:1912
441:1906
294:Rech
95:news
41:and
4212:Law
3071:KGB
3066:MGB
3054:MVD
3037:GPU
2837:Law
1441:172
831:by
576:K-D
388:to
375:to
78:by
6022::
3103:•
3099:•
1632:,
965:.
954:.
851:,
847:,
795:.
787:,
783:,
751:,
731:.
574:,
562:,
558::
427::
5567:e
5560:t
5553:v
5156:)
5093:e
5086:t
5079:v
4223:)
4219:(
4203:)
4199:(
4188:)
4184:(
3670:e
3663:t
3656:v
3107:/
3095:/
2483:e
2476:t
2469:v
1742:e
1735:t
1728:v
1689::
1656:.
1480:.
1453:.
554:(
500:)
496:(
481:)
477:(
462:)
458:(
443:)
439:(
431:)
423:(
316:)
312:(
252:)
237:)
145:)
139:(
134:)
130:(
120:·
113:·
106:·
99:·
72:.
49:.
34:.
20:)
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