29:
3846:
620:
Institution (a Senate agency), this percentage should only be reached in 2025, when the spending cap cannot be met. The activation of the triggers when the ratio between mandatory spending and total primary expenditure reaches this percentage is insufficient to prevent non-compliance with the spending cap. Moreover, it will not be able to prevent the cutting of discretionary (non-mandatory) spending that impairs the functioning of the administration and public services.
607:- PLOA) that does not exceed the ceiling, which makes it impossible to activate the triggers, because the branch or agencies could progressively reduce their non-mandatory expenses to accommodate the increase in mandatory spending, that is, until it eliminates the space for investments and costing, which would result, if the ceiling is not changed or extinguished, in the paralysis of the activity of the branch or agency, a situation that economists call
749:
lawsuits against the scrapping of health care. A survey by the Budget and
Financial Inspection Consultancy stated that education would lose 24 billion reais per year with the measure. and the Temer government was already thinking of passing another law to prevent lawsuits against the scrapping of health care. A survey by the Budget and Financial Inspection Consultancy stated that education would lose 24 billion reais per year with the measure.
559:, said that the public spending cap rule would ensure a major containment of spending increases. Since 1991, government spending has grown at rates above the average GDP. Federal public spending jumped from about 10.8% of GDP in 1991 to 19.5% in 2015. This percentage was forecast to reach 20% in 2016. Still according to Meirelles, without a social security reform, between 2016 and 2060, National Institute of Social Security (
1119:
899:, "the Temer government ceiling was poorly designed to meet its own objectives". According to him, the mechanisms that prohibit the creation of mandatory expenses in case of non-compliance with the ceiling are hardly triggered, due to a "manufacturing defect" in the PEC, and even if, in practice, most of these triggers were already in place, they'd have little effect on reducing spendings in situations of fiscal crisis.
1091:
3789:
1105:
573:, who had been working for 10 years without inflationary replacement in their remuneration, noting that the last adjustment granted to this category had been the subject of Law No. 11.416 of the year 2006. This adjustment was divided into 6 installments and up to 20.25% of the remuneration of the employees of the Chamber of Deputies.
724:
opinion, the long duration of the PEC would have a great effect on future expectations about the country, generating positive results in the short term. "What the PEC does is create favorable expectations about the rebalancing of public accounts. This movement will greatly influence the decision to
619:
Knowing that the measures to contain spending can be triggered, the government presented the "Emergency PEC", which activates the triggers in case the mandatory expenses exceed 95% of total primary expenses. The "Emergency PEC" was enacted in March 2021. However, according to the
Independent Fiscal
883:
stated that population expansion and the need to replace public health equipment would cause the population to turn to the private sector. The
Brazilian Association of Health Economics released a note with other professionals in the field and institutions condemning the PEC and the National Health
602:
above inflation; creation or increase of aids, advantages, bonuses, allowances, representation funds or benefits of any kind in favor of public servants or military; other increases in mandatory expenditures. In the original wording, the
President of the Republic could send Congress a budget above
705:, one of the positive points of the amendment is to force a discussion among governors about the breakdown of spending. "It makes it mandatory to have a discussion about where to cut from here on out, and I believe there is no doubt that Social Security should be the priority," Schwartsman said.
748:
had been able to approve a spending freeze of this nature in 2003, health care would have lost about 135 billion reais. The PEC would overload the courts and overburden public services in states and municipalities and the Temer government was already thinking of passing another law to prevent
681:
were important to reverse the economic crisis of 2014. For the specialist, it was essential to approve a reform that limits public spending and unify social security in a single system, so that the onerous privileges of the public sector are reduced. According to
Ricardo, if then-President
1043:(of UFC professors) among other smaller organizations. As a result of the protests, more than a thousand schools and almost 171 universities were occupied around the country by the end of October in 21 states of the country. In November it reached 172 occupied universities and the
482:
may change this correction of public spending through a
Supplementary Law. In the year 2017, there were no changes in the areas of Health and Education. Both areas had a mandatory minimum spending limit corresponding to a percentage of the Union's Net Current Revenue
713:, he argued that over the past few years, revenues have been systematically overestimated and expenses increased, which is why there have been billion-dollar spending contingencies. And he added that, with the advent of the PEC, the budget limits would be respected.
584:
On
October 10, 2016, it was approved in the first round in the Chamber of Deputies by 366 votes in favor, 111 against, and two abstentions. On October 25, 2016, it was approved in the second round by 359 votes in favor, 116 against, and two abstentions.
491:. From 2018, the floors began to be adjusted by the value of the previous year adjusted by the IPCA between July of the previous year and June of the current year. Critics of the measure claimed that the constitutional floors would fall over time if the
837:- COFECON) released a note criticizing the PEC in October. According to the council, the way it was discussed, the adjustment would fall on the neediest layers of society. The note also pointed out that public investments were derisory, less than 1% of
2397:
716:
For the former secretary of
Economic Policy of the Ministry of Finance Marcos Lisboa, the PEC 241, although insufficient to get the country out of the crisis, was an indispensable starting point on the path towards balance in public accounts.
708:
Marcos Mendes, one of the formulators of the proposal and former head of the special advisory office of the
Ministry of Finance, said it was essential to rebuild budget realism by balancing revenues and expenses. In a public hearing in the
631:, which changed the rule for updating the spending cap. With this, the ceiling was adjusted for inflation from January to December, which opened a space of 65 billion for the 2022 budget. The text of the amendment came from the "PEC of
2842:
3654:
1024:
811:). The Brazilian Society of Political Economy stated in a note that the PEC would worsen the economic situation of the country, expanding the inequality of access to opportunities to the poorest population. The
528:; in 2015, a fiscal deficit of 114.98 billion reais; and in 2016, a record deficit of 154 billion reais. Even considering the PEC in effect, the estimate for 2017 was a deficit of 139 billion reais. The primary
2290:
1008:
670:, said that the PEC represented a "sign of an anticipation of society's hope". Still in Delfim's view, if something very close to the PEC 241 were not approved, Brazilian society would pay a high price.
3445:
866:- DIEESE) released a technical note criticizing the proposal. According to the note, the population would be affected by a likely reduction in public services in the areas of health and education.
3685:
844:
For Mauro
Benevides Filho, the measure did not impose an effective control on expenses, since spendings on personnel and Social Security continued to grow, resulting in cuts in public investment.
1613:
2850:
1222:
2898:
598:
The text of the PEC established that if the cap is exceeded, triggers could be activated to contain: mandatory spending - such as public servants' salary freezing; adjustment of the
3662:
1755:
3086:
2725:
771:
On October 7, 2016, the Public Prosecutor's Office issued an opinion stating that PEC 241 would be unconstitutional because it affronted the independence of the three branches.
3777:
752:
In an act contested by opponents of the PEC, President Michel Temer prepared a dinner where between 50.9 thousand and 56.6 thousand reais were spent to invite people from the
2872:
869:
In the Federal Senate, the PEC No. 54 of 2019 is being processed to repeal the EC No. 95. The Project had a popular origin, from a suggestion registered by a citizen of the
3191:
1156:
2148:
1332:
2785:
1676:
639:(court-ordered government debt), limiting the amounts to be disbursed annually. However, the parts referring to the judicial debts were questioned and returned to the
2699:
2668:
544:
government, despite the increase in debt. Health received, before the approval of the PEC, 18% of the minimum annual tax revenue, being an area with little political
2298:
588:
On November 29, 2016, it passed in a first round in the Senate by 61 votes to 14. On December 13, 2016, it passed in a second round in the Senate by 53 votes to 16.
3497:
603:
the ceiling, and this would activate the triggers. However, the National Congress changed the text, forcing the government to send an Annual Appropriation Bill (
2642:
2095:
1523:
2068:
2532:
2451:
1389:
2812:
2924:
2264:
918:
2943:
3693:
1865:
2613:
2586:
1974:
1624:
1557:
1362:
3770:
2970:
1230:
1179:
1467:
3419:
3023:
2320:
2042:
2015:
789:(UNHRC), stated that the "PEC of Expediture Cap", would have a severe impact on the poorest and recommended a "proper public debate" on the PEC.
3252:
3221:
2997:
1838:
1812:
1279:
3755:
3575:
1918:
885:
437:
1415:
1192:
1549:
1064:
3719:
3471:
816:
3914:
3628:
1763:
1157:"Instituto de Economia - Unicamp - Quatro tetos e um funeral: o novo arcabouço/regra fiscal e o projeto social-liberal do ministro Haddad"
3523:
744:) said that by 2036, health care will lose from 400 billion reais to more than 430 billion reais; and these researchers said that if the
3763:
2733:
2207:
786:
561:
1051:- CNBB) released a note in October 2016 stating that the PEC was unjust and selective. In November a self-convoked strike began at the
1703:
1056:
3306:
3063:
2768:
1052:
3893:
3601:
2379:
Os impactos do Novo Regime Fiscal para o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde e para a efetivação do direito à saúde no Brasil
856:
3199:
524:
It was presented in the year 2016, the third consecutive year of primary deficit. In 2014, there was a deficit of 17.24 billion
3900:
3827:
3165:
1340:
908:
1944:
3820:
1892:
1044:
508:
466:
and investments were limited to the same amounts spent in the previous year, adjusted for inflation measured by the national
1032:
1000:
2676:
892:- IPEA) due to pressure from the organization upon criticism of the PEC in a research sponsored by the institution itself.
3907:
3834:
3050:
1441:
3389:
2377:
1649:
1253:
1072:
757:
667:
640:
552:
537:
449:
304:
140:
67:
808:
1988:
848:
624:
592:
432:
with failures. It imposed a limit on the growth of the Brazilian government's expenses for 20 years, extending to all
36:
841:, and recalled the high expenses with interest on the public debt, which corresponded for about 9% of GDP per year.
3978:
3973:
3861:
1132:
745:
740:
Critics said the measure would be a threat to the National Education Plan. Researchers at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (
651:
The Expenditure Cap Amendment has divided opinions and generated controversy among experts and activists linked to
488:
28:
3743:
2820:
3988:
3868:
2559:
1496:
1137:
1016:
870:
732:, most analysts consulted on the topic agreed that rejection of the proposal would worsen the economic scenario.
533:
1306:
628:
409:
2755:
2505:
2478:
2424:
2347:
2178:
1786:
1583:
2122:
803:
spoke out against the approval of the measure stating that the measure would harm the Unified Health System (
3983:
3845:
880:
761:
741:
710:
663:
453:
278:
85:
1970:
823:- UFRJ) also questioned the legal support of the PEC, stating that it was a violation of the Constitution.
3993:
949:
838:
698:
518:
421:
884:
Council released a similar note. The author of the research on the PEC resigned from her position at the
852:
753:
702:
229:
194:
184:
3333:
1729:
3749:
3112:
296:
3229:
3138:
937:
569:
government readjusted by up to 41.4% the remuneration of the civil servants of the Brazilian federal
467:
433:
3939:
3721:
A PEC do Teto dos Gastos Públicos é Necessária? - Estudo do Endividamento Federal após o Plano Real
1200:
941:
913:
The first educational institution to be occupied was the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (
608:
581:
The PEC was processed in the Chamber of Deputies as PEC 241 and, in the Federal Senate, as PEC 55.
513:
The PEC was presented in the context of the 2014 crisis. Its goal was to prevent the growth of the
479:
463:
147:
3360:
595:. With the enactment, the PEC became part of the legal system as Constitutional Amendment No. 95.
3932:
977:
874:
556:
1059:(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), among others. There were also demonstrations in
3725:
3059:
2764:
965:
957:
933:
812:
928:- CEFET) in the country and other secondary education institutions, among the locations are
565:- INSS) spending would increase from 8 to 17.2% of GDP. Before the approval of the PEC, the
3024:""Essa "PEC do Fim do Mundo" é uma insensatez. É uma coisa de hospício", afirma economista"
161:
46:
3498:"Governo Temer enfrenta 172 universidades e mais de mil escolas ocupadas em todo o Brasil"
1096:
989:
800:
765:
691:
652:
514:
474:- IPCA). This was a proposed amendment to the Transitional Constitutional Provisions Act (
441:
104:
2506:"Governo atua para inibir ações a favor de pacientes do SUS e planos de saúde na Justiça"
2425:"Governo atua para inibir ações a favor de pacientes do SUS e planos de saúde na Justiça"
2234:
3951:
3802:
993:
896:
827:
687:
678:
674:
541:
525:
124:
1090:
976:
in October, among them high school students. Initially, the protests were against the
3967:
1110:
782:
529:
2291:"PEC dos gastos reconstrói realismo orçamentário, diz assessor econômico da Fazenda"
3793:
2069:"Congresso promulga emenda constitucional que garante volta do auxílio emergencial"
985:
929:
729:
683:
599:
109:
2899:"'Teto dos gastos não está controlando despesas', diz Benevides, assessor de Ciro"
2786:"'Não é só uma lógica econômica, é um horizonte para a formação humana no Brasil'"
1063:
during the voting of the PEC. In December of the same year, the occupation of the
3279:
2149:"Promulgada Emenda que muda correção do teto de gastos; precatórios vão à Câmara"
478:- ADCT), with validity set for the next 20 years, and from the tenth year on the
2533:"Estudo prevê perda de R$ 24 bi anuais para educação com PEC 241; MEC contesta"
2452:"Estudo prevê perda de R$ 24 bi anuais para educação com PEC 241; MEC contesta"
1118:
1060:
961:
721:
3139:"Revogação imediata da EC-95 que congela os investimentos públicos por 20 anos"
3069:
2873:"Para Conselho Federal de Economia, PEC do teto de gastos amplia desigualdades"
3280:"Alvo de críticas internas, autora de artigo contra PEC dos gastos deixa Ipea"
2321:"PEC do teto de gasto é indispensável, mas insuficiente para sairmos da crise"
1124:
1086:
1076:
3729:
797:
793:
570:
496:
2971:"Bresser-Pereira: cortes atingem saúde e educação, mas não os Três Poderes"
1650:"Temer sanciona reajuste salarial de 41% para Judiciário e de 12% para MPF"
999:
In Ceará, the movement was supported by the Professors' Association of the
2700:"Relator da ONU diz que PEC do Teto terá impacto "severo" nos mais pobres"
2398:"PISO DA ENFERMAGEM: R$ 7 BILHÕES DE LEI DO GOVERNO NÃO COBREM OS GASTOS"
1893:"PEC do teto de gastos é aprovada em 2º turno no Senado e será promulgada"
448:- PEC) received several names: "PEC of Expenditure Cap", "PEC 241" in the
3052:
Austeridade para quem? - Balanço e perspectivas do governo Dilma Rousseff
973:
953:
945:
545:
16:
Constitutional Amendment that instituted the New Fiscal Regime in Brazil.
3087:"DIEESE lança Nota Técnica sobre a PEC 241, do teto dos gastos públicos"
2757:
Austeridade e retrocesso - finanças públicas e política fiscal no Brasil
1524:"Sem PEC dos gastos, dívida chegará a 100% do PIB em 2024, estima Temer"
1468:"Governo fecha 2016 com déficit primário histórico de R$ 154,2 bilhões"
1025:
University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony
3602:"Grupos protestam em 18 estados e no DF contra a PEC que limita gastos"
1813:"Câmara aprova em 1º turno congelamento de gastos federais por 20 anos"
492:
457:
3550:"Contra PEC 55 e reformas de Temer, estudantes ocupam prédios da UFSM"
3253:"PEC 241 pode representar perda de R$ 434 bilhões ao SUS, avalia CNS"
2996:
Bsatos, Pedro Paulo Zahlut; Belluzzi, Luiz Gonzaga (October 9, 2016).
2944:"Bresser-Pereira: Regra fiscal prevista pela PEC do gasto é 'absurda'"
2925:"Bresser-Pereira: Regra fiscal prevista pela PEC do gasto é 'absurda'"
2479:"Ajuste fiscal inibe investimentos na já sobrecarregada área de saúde"
2265:"PEC 241 é essencial, mas sozinha não garante ajuste, dizem analistas"
2096:"IFI: PEC Emergencial tem pouco efeito para controlar gastos públicos"
2016:"Problema de redação impede acionamento de gatilhos do teto de gastos"
1787:"PEC 241, que limita gasto público, passa por teste crucial na Câmara"
3788:
3549:
3420:"Primavera secundarista leva 5 mil manifestantes às ruas de Curitiba"
3049:
Belluzzo, Luiz Gonzaga de Mello; Bastos, Pedro Paulo Zahluth (2015).
2643:"Economistas lançam documento com críticas à PEC dos gastos públicos"
2587:"Movimento corporativo contra PEC 'não pode ser admitido', diz Temer"
1029:
Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
444:. During the legislative process, the Constitutional Amendment Bill (
57:
1704:"Aprovada na Câmara, PEC 241 passa a tramitar no Senado como PEC 55"
3686:"Contra a PEC 55, povos ancestrais ocupam universidade na Amazônia"
1363:"PEC 241: tire dúvidas sobre a proposta que limita gastos públicos"
864:
Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos
862:
Intersyndicate Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (
778:" (Austerity and Retrogression), in which they criticized PEC 241.
3576:"Centrais sindicais realizam série de protestos em BH nesta sexta"
3361:"Geplante Haushaltsbremse sorgt für erneute Proteste in Brasilien"
2376:
Vieira, Fabiola Sulpino; Sá e Benevides, Rodrigo Pucci de (2016).
2348:"PEC 241: especialistas veem ameaça ao Plano Nacional de Educação"
969:
566:
3629:"Acompanhe o quadro da greve nacional das Universidades Federais"
3192:"SUS perderá com aprovação da PEC 241 -Nota de Desagravo Público"
2614:"PGR diz em parecer que PEC do teto de gastos é inconstitucional"
3472:"Manifestantes voltam a protestar contra a PEC 241 em Fortaleza"
2726:"Em vídeo, Drauzio Varella se posiciona contra a PEC dos gastos"
3759:
1919:"Como a PEC do Teto aprovada no Congresso pode afetar sua vida"
1223:"Teto dos gastos públicos cria condições para o Brasil crescer"
1009:
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará
830:
that would control the ones who have access to basic services.
591:
On December 15, 2016, the PEC was promulgated in the Brazilian
3524:"CNBB lança nota afirmando que PEC 241 é "injusta e seletiva""
1442:"PEC do teto protege gastos com saúde e educação, diz Tesouro"
635:", which would also institute a new regime for the payment of
3655:"Estudantes da UFSM decidem por greve e por manter ocupações"
3307:"Autora de artigo contra PEC 241 sofre censura e deixa cargo"
2669:"Documento desconstrói a PEC 241 e o discurso da austeridade"
2043:"O que são os gatilhos do teto e por que discussão é crucial"
1866:"Senado conclui votação em 1º turno da PEC do teto de gastos"
1416:"Promulgada Emenda Constitucional do Teto de Gastos Públicos"
1390:"Relatório da PEC dos gastos eleva piso para a saúde em 2017"
1333:"Teto de gastos: O gradual ajuste para o crescimento do país"
826:
According to economist Paulo Kliass, the cut would favor the
1839:"Saiba como votou cada deputado no segundo turno da PEC 241"
1677:"Temer sanciona reajuste de salário de servidores da Câmara"
1013:
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará
2560:"Por PEC 241, jantar de Temer custou ao menos R$ 50 mil"
1756:"PEC 241 aprovada em 1º turno: como votaram os deputados"
764:
to diminish resistance to the measure and stated that no
1280:"O que é o teto de gastos, que o governo planeja furar?"
1005:
Associação dos Docentes da Universidade Federal do Ceará
774:
In the same month, economists published a study called "
2942:
Máximo, Luciano; Lamucci, Sergio (September 12, 2016).
1891:
Garcia, Gustavo; Caram, Bernardo (December 13, 2016).
418:
Constitutional Amendment of the Public Expenditure Cap
3170:
Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio - EPSJV
2790:
Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio - EPSJV
972:. Five thousand people protested against the PEC in
3924:
3885:
3853:
3812:
3091:
Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos da Grande Curitiba - SMC
2969:Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos (September 16, 2016).
1584:"PEC 241: o que vai mudar na saúde dos brasileiros"
368:
360:
329:
321:
313:
302:
292:
284:
276:
238:
228:
203:
193:
183:
175:
167:
157:
146:
138:
133:
123:
115:
99:
91:
81:
73:
63:
52:
42:
35:
21:
3661:(in Portuguese). November 11, 2016. Archived from
3418:Ghisi, Ednubia; Carrano, Pedro (October 9, 2016).
3226:Associação Brasileira de Economia da Saúde - ABrES
3196:Associação Brasileira de Economia da Saúde - ABrES
3113:"Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n° 54, de 2019"
2998:"Uma crítica aos pressupostos do ajuste econômico"
3228:(in Portuguese). October 18, 2016. Archived from
3198:(in Portuguese). October 14, 2016. Archived from
2732:(in Portuguese). October 10, 2016. Archived from
2675:(in Portuguese). October 21, 2016. Archived from
2297:(in Portuguese). November 8, 2016. Archived from
1945:"PEC do teto de gastos é promulgada no Congresso"
1762:(in Portuguese). October 10, 2016. Archived from
1730:"Proposta de Emenda à Constituição nº 55 de 2016"
859:and Leda Maria Paulani opinions deserve mention.
3446:"Anhaltender Protest von Schülern und Studenten"
2849:(in Portuguese). 10 October 2016. Archived from
2179:"Existem alternativas à PEC do Teto dos Gastos?"
476:Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias
3390:"Secundaristas: a potência das novas ocupações"
940:where it gathered at least 10 thousand people,
686:did not have the courage to implement the PEC,
1554:Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão
1550:"Evolução Recente da Carga Tributária Federal"
1339:(in Portuguese). December 2018. Archived from
1254:"Emenda 95, o enfraquecimento do pacto social"
1229:(in Portuguese). June 15, 2016. Archived from
1055:(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM),
847:Among the critics of the proposal, economists
3771:
3166:"PEC 241 ou o fim do SUS e da escola pública"
725:lower interest rates in Brazil", Bacha said.
472:Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo
153:Constitutional Amendment Bill no. 241 of 2016
8:
2763:(in Portuguese). Autonomia Literária. 2016.
288:Constitutional Amendment Bill no. 55 of 2016
3724:(in Portuguese). Brasília: Senado Federal.
1497:"PEC 241 - um teto para os gastos públicos"
1180:Fiscal Rules at a Glance - Background Paper
996:government, but they began to grow bigger.
919:Federal Centers for Technological Education
3778:
3764:
3756:
27:
3058:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Carta Maior.
1989:"Governo muda teto para acionar gatilhos"
1975:55th Legislature of the National Congress
1049:Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil
3718:Nunes Filho, Pertrônio Portella (2016).
1071:- UFOPA) took place, executed mainly by
915:Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
890:Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada
2177:Mendonça, Heloísa (November 29, 2016).
1614:"O Desafio do Ajuste Fiscal Estrutural"
1612:Meirelles, Henrique (August 12, 2016).
1148:
3334:"Dez gatilhos e quase nenhuma munição"
3332:Barbosa, Nelson (September 22, 2020).
2847:Conselho Federal de Economia – COFECON
2698:Tokarnia, Mariana (December 9, 2016).
2531:Tokarnia, Mariana (October 14, 2016).
2450:Tokarnia, Mariana (October 14, 2016).
2346:Bedinelli, Talita (October 14, 2016).
2263:Alvarenga, Darlan (October 11, 2016).
2233:Amorim, Ricardo (September 16, 2016).
1582:Bedinelli, Talita (October 18, 2016).
917:- IFRN) in October, spreading to most
886:Institute of Applied Economic Research
821:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
436:of the government, in addition to the
18:
3684:Almeida, Rogério (December 5, 2016).
3413:
3411:
3384:
3382:
3359:Burzywoda, Laura (October 20, 2016).
3251:Claudino, Viviane (October 7, 2016).
3222:"Entidades assinam Nota de Desagravo"
2637:
2635:
2558:Ribeiro, Marcelo (October 11, 2016).
2371:
2369:
2258:
2256:
2202:
2200:
2172:
2170:
1864:Garcia, Gustavo (November 29, 2016).
1675:Gonçalves, Carolina (July 29, 2016).
1607:
1605:
1522:Taiar, Estevão (September 30, 2016).
1491:
1489:
1388:Fernanda, Calgaro (October 4, 2016).
1305:Boris, Herrmann (November 11, 2016).
1252:Fabiana, Reinholz (October 3, 2018).
1069:Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará
1023:- UECE), the Professors Union of the
1015:- IFCE), the Professors Union of the
532:has remained stable with 2.3% in the
521:ratio by containing public spending.
7:
3305:Canale, Felippe (October 14, 2016).
3164:Júnia, Raquel (September 22, 2016).
2121:Oliveira, Ribamar (March 18, 2021).
2041:Londres, Mariana (August 19, 2020).
1785:Benites, Afonso (October 11, 2016).
1702:Garcia, Gustavo (October 26, 2016).
1031:- Unilab), the Workers Union of the
817:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
3952: Government of Jair Bolsonaro→
3803:← Government of Dilma Rousseff
3627:Xavier, Vitor Hugo (June 5, 2007).
3278:Senra, Ricardo (October 13, 2016).
2931:(in Portuguese). 12 September 2016.
2905:(in Portuguese). September 18, 2018
2585:Garcia, Gustavo (October 9, 2016).
2504:Bedinelli, Talita (July 24, 2016).
2423:Bedinelli, Talita (July 24, 2016).
2235:"A hora da verdade de Michel Temer"
2014:Oliveira, Ribamar (July 29, 2020).
1007:- ADUFC), the Servers Union of the
787:United Nations Human Rights Council
562:Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social
3608:(in Portuguese). November 11, 2016
3582:(in Portuguese). November 11, 2016
3556:(in Portuguese). November 11, 2016
3554:Instituto Humanitas Unisinos - IHU
3002:Instituto Humanitas Unisinos - IHU
2811:Kliass, Paulo (October 26, 2016).
2612:Matoso, Filipe (October 7, 2016).
2477:Bedinelli, Talita (June 8, 2015).
2396:Bedinelli, Talita (June 8, 2015).
2094:Máximo, Wellton (March 22, 2021).
1951:(in Portuguese). December 15, 2016
1925:(in Portuguese). December 13, 2016
1422:(in Portuguese). December 15, 2016
1065:Federal University of Western Pará
1057:Federal University of Minas Gerais
833:The Federal Council of Economics (
768:could participate in this debate.
643:to be submitted for new analysis.
14:
3915:2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike
3530:(in Portuguese). October 27, 2016
3504:(in Portuguese). November 8, 2016
3478:(in Portuguese). October 25, 2016
3093:(in Portuguese). October 10, 2016
3030:(in Portuguese). January 11, 2017
2879:(in Portuguese). October 25, 2016
2784:Guimarães, Cátia (July 5, 2016).
2649:(in Portuguese). October 10, 2016
2327:(in Portuguese). October 20, 2016
2155:(in Portuguese). December 8, 2021
2123:"O enigma do novo gatilho de 95%"
1995:(in Portuguese). November 7, 2019
1845:(in Portuguese). October 25, 2016
1819:(in Portuguese). October 10, 2016
1503:(in Portuguese). October 23, 2016
1474:(in Portuguese). January 30, 2017
1448:(in Portuguese). October 27, 2016
1369:(in Portuguese). October 11, 2016
1286:(in Portuguese). October 24, 2021
1053:Federal University of Santa Maria
605:Projeto de Lei Orçamentária Anual
446:Proposta de Emenda à Constituição
3844:
3787:
3396:(in Portuguese). October 9, 2016
3257:Conselho Nacional de Saúde - CNS
1117:
1103:
1089:
926:Federais de Educação Tecnológica
629:Constitutional Amendment No. 113
416:- EC) No. 95, also known as the
3901:2016 student protests in Brazil
3828:2014 Brazilian general election
3692:(in Portuguese). Archived from
2819:(in Portuguese). Archived from
2075:(in Portuguese). March 15, 2021
1623:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1556:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1199:(in Portuguese). Archived from
909:2016 student protests in Brazil
728:In a news article published by
697:For the former director of the
690:impeachment process would be a
22:Constitutional Amendment no. 95
3821:2014 Brazilian economic crisis
3452:(in German). November 11, 2016
2325:Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa
1656:(in Portuguese). July 20, 2016
1045:Episcopal Conference of Brazil
1021:Universidade Estadual do Ceará
509:2014 Brazilian economic crisis
422:Brazilian Constitution of 1988
1:
3908:2017 Brazilian general strike
3835:Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
2208:"Aprovar a PEC 241 é urgente"
1037:Universidade Federal do Ceará
3894:2016–2017 Brazilian protests
2813:"A PEC 241 e a privatização"
895:For former Finance Minister
835:Conselho Federal de Economia
673:In the opinion of economist
540:government, and 3.7% in the
2843:"COFECON diz não à PEC 241"
1971:Constitutional Amendmend 95
1033:Federal University of Ceará
1001:Federal University of Ceará
849:Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
456:. Its opponents coined the
37:National Congress of Brazil
4010:
3862:Brazil labor reform (2017)
3794:Government of Michel Temer
3746:at the Chamber of Deputies
3450:Entwicklungspolitik Online
1133:Brazil labor reform (2017)
906:
857:Maria da Conceição Tavares
506:
438:Public Prosecutor's Office
3949:
3869:Outsourcing law in Brazil
3842:
3800:
1138:Outsourcing law in Brazil
495:starts to grow more than
487:- RCL) determined by the
480:President of the Republic
399:
26:
903:Protests against the PEC
776:Austeridade e Retrocesso
536:government, 3.7% in the
485:Receita Corrente Líquida
442:Public Defender's Office
410:Constitutional Amendment
2903:Jornal Estado de Minas
2385:(in Portuguese). Ipea.
1307:"Schüler an die Macht"
1017:Ceará State University
805:Sistema Único de Saúde
677:, the PEC 241 and the
647:Popular demonstrations
623:In December 2021, the
577:Legislative procedures
3752:at the Federal Senate
3659:Diário de Santa Maria
2295:Ministério da Fazenda
1766:on September 13, 2017
1621:Ministério da Fazenda
1337:Ministério da Fazenda
1227:Ministério da Fazenda
1197:Ministério da Fazenda
853:Luiz Gonzaga Belluzzo
781:On December 9, 2016,
703:Alexandre Schwartsman
499:in the coming years.
414:Emenda Constitucional
3696:on December 20, 2016
3665:on November 15, 2016
2301:on November 15, 2016
2073:Câmara dos Deputados
1977:. December 15, 2016.
1630:on November 12, 2016
1343:on December 30, 2019
1233:on November 15, 2017
1193:"Novo Regime Fiscal"
992:government, and the
785:, Rapporteur of the
664:Antônio Delfim Netto
489:Federal Constitution
468:Consumer Price Index
452:and "PEC 55" in the
430:New Fiscal Framework
392:1 present not voting
353:1 present not voting
269:1 present not voting
3940:Operation Weak Meat
3232:on November 1, 2016
3202:on November 1, 2016
2853:on November 1, 2016
2736:on November 6, 2016
2679:on November 4, 2016
2020:Folha de Pernambuco
1311:Süddeutsche Zeitung
1203:on October 10, 2016
942:Rio Grande do Norte
758:Chamber of Deputies
668:Minister of Finance
641:Chamber of Deputies
553:Minister of Finance
450:Chamber of Deputies
305:Chamber of Deputies
141:Chamber of Deputies
134:Legislative history
68:Chamber of Deputies
3955:(2019 – 2022)
3933:Operation Car Wash
3806:(2011 – 2016)
1654:Consultor Jurídico
1161:www.eco.unicamp.br
982:Escola sem Partido
978:Nonpartisan School
875:e-Cidadania Portal
659:Favorable opinions
557:Henrique Meirelles
303:Received from the
108:Chamber President
53:Territorial extent
3979:Society of Brazil
3974:Economy of Brazil
3961:
3960:
1973:(in Portuguese).
958:Rio Grande do Sul
736:Opposing opinions
625:National Congress
593:National Congress
426:New Fiscal Regime
424:to institute the
407:
406:
254:116 voted against
103:Senate President
4001:
3989:2016 legislation
3956:
3942:
3935:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3848:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3807:
3792:
3791:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3757:
3744:PEC No. 241/2016
3733:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3068:. Archived from
3057:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3028:Jornal do Brasil
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2975:Folha de S.Paulo
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2948:Jornal do Brasil
2939:
2933:
2932:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2212:Folha de S.Paulo
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1153:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1093:
988:government, the
871:Federal District
688:Dilma Rousseff's
653:social movements
460:"PEC of Death".
385:
384:16 voted against
378:
364:13 December 2016
346:
345:14 voted against
339:
277:Second chamber:
262:
255:
248:
220:
213:
171:Executive Branch
129:15 December 2016
119:15 December 2016
95:13 December 2016
31:
19:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3849:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3808:
3805:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3750:PEC No. 55/2016
3740:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3635:(in Portuguese)
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3426:(in Portuguese)
3417:
3416:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3394:Outras Palavras
3388:
3387:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3340:(in Portuguese)
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3313:(in Portuguese)
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3286:(in Portuguese)
3284:BBC News Brasil
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3259:(in Portuguese)
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3172:(in Portuguese)
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3145:(in Portuguese)
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3119:(in Portuguese)
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3055:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
3004:(in Portuguese)
2995:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2977:(in Portuguese)
2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2950:(in Portuguese)
2941:
2940:
2936:
2929:Valor Econômico
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2792:(in Portuguese)
2783:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2706:(in Portuguese)
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2647:Valor Econômico
2641:
2640:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2620:(in Portuguese)
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2593:(in Portuguese)
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2566:(in Portuguese)
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2539:(in Portuguese)
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2512:(in Portuguese)
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2485:(in Portuguese)
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2458:(in Portuguese)
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2431:(in Portuguese)
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2404:(in Portuguese)
2395:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2354:(in Portuguese)
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2271:(in Portuguese)
2262:
2261:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2241:(in Portuguese)
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2214:(in Portuguese)
2206:
2205:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2185:(in Portuguese)
2176:
2175:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2129:(in Portuguese)
2127:Valor Econômico
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2102:(in Portuguese)
2093:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2049:(in Portuguese)
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2022:(in Portuguese)
2013:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1993:Valor Econômico
1987:
1986:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1899:(in Portuguese)
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1872:(in Portuguese)
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1793:(in Portuguese)
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1736:(in Portuguese)
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1710:(in Portuguese)
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1683:(in Portuguese)
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1590:(in Portuguese)
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1563:on July 9, 2015
1560:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1530:(in Portuguese)
1528:Valor Econômico
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1396:(in Portuguese)
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
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252:
245:
217:
212:23 voted for
210:
189:15 June 2016
179:15 June 2016
162:PEC 241/2016
110:Rodrigo Maia
47:PEC 241/2016
3690:Carta Maior
3367:(in German)
3236:October 31,
3206:October 31,
3149:October 15,
3123:October 15,
3008:November 3,
2909:January 13,
2857:November 1,
2817:Carta Maior
2740:October 10,
2710:December 9,
2683:November 3,
2653:November 3,
2624:November 3,
2189:January 13,
2159:January 13,
2079:January 13,
1426:January 13,
1373:November 2,
1313:(in German)
1290:October 24,
962:Mato Grosso
637:precatórios
633:Precatórios
515:public debt
297:PEC 55/2016
261:2 abstained
3968:Categories
2053:August 23,
1166:2023-06-13
1144:References
1125:Law portal
1079:students.
1077:quilombola
1073:indigenous
760:, and the
285:Bill title
176:Introduced
3730:1983-0645
3700:April 17,
3669:April 17,
3639:April 17,
3612:April 17,
3586:April 17,
3560:April 17,
3534:April 17,
3508:April 17,
3482:April 17,
3456:April 17,
3430:April 17,
3400:April 17,
3371:April 17,
3365:amerika21
3344:April 17,
3317:April 17,
3290:April 17,
3263:April 17,
3176:April 17,
3034:April 14,
2883:April 14,
2827:April 14,
2796:April 14,
2597:April 14,
2570:April 14,
2543:April 14,
2516:April 14,
2462:April 14,
2435:April 14,
2331:April 13,
2305:April 13,
2133:April 13,
2106:April 13,
1903:April 13,
1740:April 13,
1714:April 13,
1687:April 13,
1660:April 13,
1594:April 13,
1567:April 13,
1452:April 13,
1400:April 13,
1317:April 13,
1264:March 17,
1207:April 13,
938:São Paulo
798:scientist
794:physician
666:, former
571:judiciary
551:The then
497:inflation
389:11 absent
266:35 absent
125:Effective
56:Whole of
3886:Protests
3633:ASSUFRGS
1347:June 16,
1083:See also
1061:Brasilia
974:Curitiba
627:enacted
609:shutdown
546:lobbying
440:and the
403:In force
350:5 absent
43:Citation
3854:Reforms
3813:Context
3580:O Tempo
3097:June 1,
2510:El País
2483:El País
2429:El País
2402:El País
2352:El País
2183:El País
1791:El País
1588:El País
1478:June 1,
1472:Estadão
990:Alckmin
923:Centros
881:Fiocruz
873:in the
815:of the
742:Fiocruz
530:surplus
503:Context
493:revenue
458:epithet
401:Status:
3925:Crises
3728:
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968:, and
934:Paraná
813:rector
756:, the
116:Signed
92:Passed
74:Passed
58:Brazil
3073:(PDF)
3056:(PDF)
2761:(PDF)
2564:Exame
2383:(PDF)
2239:IstoÉ
1628:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1446:Exame
1182:P.15.
994:Dilma
986:Temer
970:Bahia
954:Ceará
946:Goiás
567:Temer
542:Dilma
526:reais
150:title
3726:ISSN
3702:2023
3671:2023
3641:2023
3614:2023
3588:2023
3562:2023
3536:2023
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3484:2023
3458:2023
3432:2023
3402:2023
3373:2023
3346:2023
3319:2023
3292:2023
3265:2023
3238:2016
3208:2016
3178:2023
3151:2019
3125:2019
3099:2020
3060:ISBN
3036:2023
3010:2016
2983:2017
2956:2017
2911:2022
2885:2023
2859:2016
2829:2023
2798:2023
2765:ISBN
2742:2016
2712:2016
2685:2016
2655:2016
2626:2016
2599:2023
2572:2023
2545:2023
2518:2023
2491:2016
2464:2023
2437:2023
2410:2016
2360:2016
2333:2023
2307:2023
2277:2016
2247:2016
2220:2016
2191:2022
2161:2022
2135:2023
2108:2023
2081:2022
2055:2021
2028:2020
2001:2019
1957:2016
1931:2016
1905:2023
1878:2016
1851:2016
1825:2016
1799:2016
1772:2016
1742:2023
1716:2023
1689:2023
1662:2023
1636:2016
1596:2023
1569:2023
1536:2016
1509:2016
1480:2020
1454:2023
1428:2022
1402:2023
1375:2016
1349:2020
1319:2023
1292:2021
1266:2020
1239:2017
1209:2023
1075:and
796:and
538:Lula
148:Bill
839:GDP
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720:In
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