403:
centers supported by CGIAR; it coordinated limited research activities of about 15 research projects (see list below) among the centers and provided donors with a single contact point to centers. The CGIAR Fund aimed to harmonize the efforts of donors to contribute to agricultural research for development, increased the funding available by reducing or eliminating duplication of effort among the centers and promoted greater financial stability. The CGIAR ISPC, appointed by the CGIAR Fund
Council, provided advice to the funders of CGIAR, particularly in ensuring that CGIAR's research programs are aligned with the Strategy and Results Framework. It provided a bridge between the funders and the CGIAR Consortium. The hope was that the Strategy and Results Framework would provide the strategic direction for the centers and CGIAR Research Programs, ensuring that they focus on delivering measurable results that contribute to achieving CGIAR objectives. However the research programs were designed prior to the Framework being ready, so now some refitting had to take place to get the programs inline with it.
1837:
Ulat, Victor; Thongjuea, Supat; Braak, Kyle; Ritter, Sebastian; Dereeper, Alexis; Skofic, Milko; Rojas, Edwin; Martins, Natalia; Pappas, Georgios; Alamban, Ryan; Almodiel, Roque; Barboza, Lord; Detras, Jeffrey; Manansala, Kevin; Mendoza, Michael; Morales, Jeffrey; Peralta, Barry; Valerio, Rowena; Zhang, Yi; Gregorio, Sergio; Hermocilla, Joseph; Echavez, Michael; Yap, Jan; Farmer, Andrew; Schiltz, Gary; Lee, Jennifer; Casstevens, Terry; Jaiswal, Pankaj; Meintjes, Ayton; Wilkinson, Mark; Good, Benjamin; Wagner, James; Morris, Jane; Marshall, David; Collins, Anthony; Kikuchi, Shoshi; Metz, Thomas; McLaren, Graham; van Hintum, Theo (22 September 2007).
241:
638:
involvement in 65 percent of the area planted to 10 crops addressed by CGIAR, specifically wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, millet, barley, lentils, beans, cassava, and potatoes. Of this, 60 percent was sown with varieties with CGIAR ancestry (more than 90 percent in the case of lentils, beans, and cassava), and half of those varieties came from crosses made at a CGIAR center. The monetary value of CGIAR's investment in crop improvement is considerable, running into the billions of dollars.
3275:
722:
3439:
3400:
615:
1201:
997:
872:
3452:
3322:
3465:
3309:
1022:
793:
3413:
3361:
1145:
1072:
768:
416:
and developing CGIAR Research
Programs under the SRF. The work of the CGIAR Consortium was governed by the Consortium Board, a 10-member panel that had fiduciary responsibility for CGIAR Research Programs, including monitoring and evaluation and reporting progress to donors. CGIAR Research Programs were approved and funded by the CGIAR Fund on a contractual basis through performance agreements.
3335:
897:
818:
947:
3426:
3374:
3283:
1117:
1047:
922:
3348:
40:
2831:
Hualla, Vilma; Rathore, Abhishek; Das, Roma Rani; Dieng, Ibnou; Bauchet, Guillaume; Menda, Naama; Pommier, Cyril; Shaw, Felix; Lyon, David; Mwanzia, Leroy; Juarez, Henry; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Chiputwa, Brian; Obileye, Olatunbosun; Auzoux, Sandrine; Yeumo, Esther Dzalé; Mueller, Lukas A.; Silverstein, Kevin; Lafargue, Alexandra; Antezana, Erick; Devare, Medha; King, Brian (2020).
972:
1173:
3387:
3296:
847:
753:
214:
System's ability to both respond to increasingly interconnected challenges and to consistently deliver best practice and effectively scaled, research solutions needed to maximise impact. One CGIAR includes a unified governance and management through a reconstituted System
Management Board and a new Executive Management Team.
568:
not given a real chance to take off and prosper, mainly due to funding reductions, but also because of a refocus on commodity value chains. These commodity programs were renamed to, for example, RTB Systems
Program or Rice Systems Program. Some work of the earlier systems programs were incorporated, but most was lost.
672:
For an annual investment of roughly US$ 30 million, the benefits gained from wheat research are in the range of US$ 2.2 billion to US$ 3.1 billion each year, from 1994 to 2014. For every $ 1 invested in wheat breeding, $ 73 to $ 103 were returned in direct benefits. Almost half the world's wheat land
222:
CGIAR's
Research Portfolio consists of Initiatives are major, prioritized areas of investment that bring capacity from within and beyond CGIAR to bear on well-defined, major challenges. Thirty-two Initiatives meet a common set of requirements, articulated in System Council documentation and evaluable
646:
in sub-Saharan Africa through release of a predatory wasp); improvements in livestock and fish production systems; genetic resources characterization and conservation; improved natural resource management; and contributions to improved policies in numerous areas, including forestry, fertilizer, milk
357:
The reduction in the number of supported centers was not enough to address problems facing the group. These included the logistics of funders and the group alike in dealing with a large number of centers. This led to the creation of three classes of centers, divided into high, medium, and low impact
567:
A new strategy and results framework was approved in 2015 and the portfolio of research programs revised. The systems programs dryland systems, aquatic agricultural systems, and
Humidtropics ceased to be standalone programs, even though they were seen as what was new to the reformed CGIAR, but were
402:
CGIAR components during this time included the CGIAR Consortium of
International Agricultural Research Centers, the CGIAR Fund, the CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) and partners. Research was guided by the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework. The CGIAR Consortium united the
2830:
Arnaud, Elizabeth; Laporte, Marie-Angélique; Kim, Soonho; Aubert, Céline; Leonelli, Sabina; Miro, Berta; Cooper, Laurel; Jaiswal, Pankaj; Kruseman, Gideon; Shrestha, Rosemary; Buttigieg, Pier Luigi; Mungall, Christopher J.; Pietragalla, Julian; Agbona, Afolabi; Muliro, Jacqueline; Detras, Jeffrey;
415:
was established in April 2010 to coordinate and support the work of the 15 international agricultural research centers supported by CGIAR. It played a central role in formulating the CGIAR Strategy and
Results Framework (SRF) that guided the work of CGIAR-supported centers on CGIAR funded research
370:
Seeking to increase its efficiency and build on its previous successes, CGIAR embarked on a program of reform in 2001. Key among the changes implemented was the adoption of
Challenge Programs as a means of harnessing the strengths of the diverse centers to address major global or regional issues.
213:
The concept of a unified and integrated "One CGIAR" was approved by the CGIAR System
Council (November 2019) to adapt to rapidly changing global conditions, while also making the CGIAR system more relevant and effective. The fragmented nature of CGIAR's governance and institutions had limited the
1836:
Bruskiewich, Richard; Senger, Martin; Davenport, Guy; Ruiz, Manuel; Rouard, Mathieu; Hazekamp, Tom; Takeya, Masaru; Doi, Koji; Satoh, Kouji; Costa, Marcos; Simon, Reinhard; Balaji, Jayashree; Akintunde, Akinnola; Mauleon, Ramil; Wanchana, Samart; Shah, Trushar; Anacleto, Mylah; Portugal, Arllet;
226:
The Research Portfolio is organized by the three Action Areas detailed in the CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy: Systems Transformation, Resilient Agrifood Systems, and Genetic Innovation. Each Initiative is placed under a primary Action Area, yet most Initiatives involve collaboration
163:
Funding is provided by national governments, multilateral funding and development agencies and leading private foundations. Representatives of CGIAR Funders and developing countries meet as the CGIAR System Council to keep under review the strategy, mission, impact and continued relevancy of the
361:
At the same time, a number of aid recipient countries like China, India, and Malaysia created their own development agencies and developed cadres of agricultural scientists. Private donors and industries also contributed, while research institutions in the rich world turned their attention to
398:
In 2008, CGIAR embarked on a change process to improve the engagement between all stakeholders in international agricultural research for development—donors, researchers and beneficiaries—and to refocus the efforts of the centers on major global development challenges. A key objective was to
637:
Much of the impact of the CGIAR centers has come from crop genetic improvement. This includes the high-yielding wheat and rice varieties that were the foundation of the Green Revolution. An assessment of the impact of crop breeding efforts at CGIAR centers between 1965 and 1998 showed CGIAR
284:. These centers work toward developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties that dramatically increased production of these staple cereals, and turned India, for example, from a country regularly facing starvation in the 1960s to a net exporter of cereals by the late-1970s.
201:
CGIAR's vision is: A world with sustainable and resilient food, land, and water systems that deliver diverse, healthy, safe, sufficient, and affordable diets, and ensure improved livelihoods and greater social equality, within planetary and regional environmental boundaries.
151:
CGIAR research is carried out at 15 centers that collaborate with partners from national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organizations, and the private sector. These research centers are around the globe, with most in the
424:
Agri-Food Systems CGIAR Research Programs were multi-center, multi-partner initiatives built on three core principles: impact on CGIAR's four system-level objectives; making the most of the centers' strengths; and strong and effective partnerships.
641:
The centers have also contributed to such fields as improving the nutritional value of staple crops; pest and disease control through breeding resistant varieties; integrated pest management and biological control (e.g., control of the cassava
680:
A 2010 study projected that increased adoption of CGIAR-developed drought-tolerant maize varieties could increase harvests in 13 African countries by 10-34 percent, which could generate up to US$ 1.5 billion in benefits for producers and
323:(IITA). The initial focus on the staple cereals—rice, wheat and maize—widened during the 1970s to include cassava, chickpea, sorghum, potato, millets and other food crops, and encompassed livestock, farming systems, the conservation of
1526:
676:
The introduction of no-tillage systems in the rice-wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, for example, generated economic benefits of about US$ 165 million between 1990 and 2010 from an investment of only US$ 3.5
301:, FAO and UNDP. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) was established on May 19, 1971, to coordinate international agricultural research efforts aimed at reducing poverty and achieving
1808:
3060:
668:
Increased rice yield by 0.6 to 1.8 ton per hectare and profitability by up to US$ 200 per hectare through use of a smart mobile crop management tool called "RiceAdvice" used in 13 countries in sub-Saharan
3392:
1160:
830:
447:
1751:
3366:
805:
619:
501:
Cross-cutting Global Integrating Programs framed to work closely with the Agri-Food Systems Programs within relevant agro-ecological systems. Four programs formed part of the 2017-2021 Portfolio.
148:
engaged in research about food security. CGIAR research aims to reduce rural poverty, increase food security, improve human health and nutrition, and sustainable management of natural resources.
684:
CGIAR has spent 20 percent of its expenditure on strengthening the capacity of national partners through formal and informal training and have trained over 80,000 professionals around the world.
2016:
1188:
1104:
339:
79:
To reduce poverty and hunger, improve human health and nutrition, and enhance ecosystem resilience through high-quality international agricultural research, partnership and leadership.
3079:
2704:
297:
In 1970, the Rockefeller Foundation proposed a worldwide network of agricultural research centers under a permanent secretariat. This was further supported and developed by the
2722:
3496:
654:
Increased resilience, income and yield for 4.75 million farmers in India working across 3.7 million hectares by scaling CGIAR-developed natural resource management practices.
287:
But it was clear that the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations alone could not fund all the agricultural research and development efforts needed to feed the world's population.
2599:
3340:
934:
454:
273:
3418:
884:
347:
320:
291:
1363:
Kloppenburg, Jr., Jack Ralph (2004) First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology, 1492-2000, Second Edition, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
3314:
3023:
Raitzer, David A.; Kelley, Timothy G. (March 2008). "Benefit–cost meta-analysis of investment in the International Agricultural Research Centers of the CGIAR".
2501:
739:
316:
160:
of agricultural crop genetic diversity. CGIAR has an annual research portfolio of just over US$ 900 million with more than 9,000 staff working in 89 countries.
1674:
294:
urged the international community to undertake "intensive international effort" to support "research specializing in food supplies and tropical agriculture".
3405:
859:
516:
509:
1499:
1555:
3491:
3431:
3327:
2807:
909:
780:
461:
3511:
3130:
1132:
343:
1803:
1256:
3516:
3457:
1781:
1009:
527:
3252:
1843:
248:
CGIAR arose in response to the widespread concern in the mid-20th century that rapid increases in human populations would soon lead to widespread
2023:
1582:
Byerlee, Derek; Lynam, John K. (2020). "The development of the international center model for agricultural research: A prehistory of the CGIAR".
634:
The impacts of CGIAR research have been extensively assessed. Investments in CGIAR research generate returns of 10 times the amount invested.
3444:
3007:
2974:
984:
471:
265:
2101:
1454:
2131:
2708:
1931:
205:
CGIAR's mission is to deliver science and innovation that advance transformation of food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis.
327:, plant nutrition, water management, policy research, and services to national agricultural research centers in developing countries.
2726:
1308:
2187:
371:
Three Challenge Programs were established within the supported research centers and a fourth to FARA, a research forum in Africa:
547:
Aquatic Agricultural Systems - Harnessing the Development Potential of Aquatic Agricultural Systems for the Poor and Vulnerable (
1231:
3501:
1908:
541:
354:) reduced the number to 16. Later another center (ISNAR) was absorbed, reducing the total number of supported centers to 15.
69:
1720:
1474:
173:
17:
2753:
257:
3104:
3353:
3245:
2448:
959:
489:
453:
WHEAT - Global Alliance for Improving Food Security and the Livelihoods of the Resource-poor in the Developing World (
428:
The following research programs comprised the CGIAR Research Portfolio of 2017-2021 (lead centers shown in brackets):
338:
By the 1990s the number of centers supported by CGIAR had grown to 18. Mergers between the two livestock centers the
1398:
657:
Improved nutrition for 20 million people in low-income countries through increased access to critical nutrients via
2048:
1560:
523:
145:
3379:
1961:
1034:
309:
2246:
3301:
1703:
761:
735:
351:
240:
2653:
1903:
2780:
386:
3238:
2992:
Crop variety improvement and its effect on productivity: The impact of international agricultural research
2959:
Crop variety improvement and its effect on productivity: The impact of international agricultural research
1814:
277:
253:
104:
1339:
3164:
2837:
1777:
940:
399:
integrate the work of the centers and their partners, avoiding fragmentation and duplication of effort.
2161:
673:
is sown to varieties that come from research by CGIAR scientists and their global network of partners.
223:
through the Independent Science for Development Council quality of research for development criteria.
990:
376:
3506:
2631:
2604:
3288:
1884:
1852:
1607:
1500:"[Commentary] A renewed CGIAR can better support South Asia to determine its food future"
709:
2109:
1839:"The Generation Challenge Programme Platform: Semantic Standards and Workbench for Crop Science"
1527:
Partners against hunger : consultative group on international agricultural research (CGIAR)
618:
Much of the impact of CGIAR research comes from crop genetic improvement. A field technician at
264:
when they established the Office of Special Studies, which resulted in the establishment of the
3062:
Investing in climate change adaptation and agricultural innovation is essential for our future
3003:
2970:
2876:
2858:
1876:
1599:
614:
324:
2654:"CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish - More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor"
2139:
3203:
3040:
3032:
2995:
2962:
2939:
2866:
2850:
1939:
1866:
1856:
1591:
1059:
865:
836:
746:
658:
548:
362:
problems of the poor. CGIAR, however, failed to embrace these changes in any effective way.
261:
157:
2833:"The Ontologies Community of Practice: A CGIAR Initiative for Big Data in Agrifood Systems"
1675:"SoAR Report Finds International Agricultural Research Investment Generates 10 to 1 Return"
3177:
1316:
281:
3131:"Global wheat breeding returns billions in benefits but stable financing remains elusive"
2191:
1804:"HarvestPlus / International / S&T Organisations / Home - Knowledge for Development"
1643:
2871:
2832:
1871:
1838:
164:
CGIAR System in a rapidly changing landscape of agricultural research for development.
3485:
3399:
1649:
1611:
1556:"The Birth of International Agricultural Research Institutes in the Mid-20th Century"
877:
302:
1340:"You've probably never heard of CGIAR, but they are essential to feeding our future"
346:(ILCA)) and the absorption of work on bananas and plantains into the program of the
3196:
Fifty years of maize research in the CGIAR: diversity, change, and ultimate success
1888:
1595:
1399:"The CGIAR at 40 and Beyond : Impacts that Matter for the Poor and the Planet"
1015:
623:
153:
2943:
1282:
2854:
2600:"European Commission : CORDIS : Go local : Member States Newsroom"
3438:
3274:
2472:"CCAFS: CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security"
1728:
1206:
1166:
1138:
1062:(formerly International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, ICLARM)
1002:
965:
727:
3036:
2999:
2966:
3156:
2846:
1755:
1625:
1530:
1426:
840:
298:
2862:
1629:
1603:
330:
By 1983, there were 13 research centers around the world under its umbrella.
3470:
3451:
3321:
1707:
1194:
1027:
798:
662:
433:
2880:
2268:
1880:
1630:
CGIAR First Meeting, Washington, D.C., May 19, 1971: Summary of Proceedings
389:
to create a new generation of plants that meet farmers and consumers needs.
3393:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
1861:
375:
Water and Food, aimed at producing more food using less water; (Including
312:
was appointed as the inaugural chair of the Technical Advisory Committee.
3464:
3308:
2990:
Evenson, R. E. (2003). "Production impacts of crop genetic improvement".
1150:
1077:
773:
643:
3367:
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
1752:
The World Bank, the Grant Program, and the CGIAR: A Retrospective Review
1257:"CGIAR launches initiative to build food security policy in 6 countries"
68:
Partnership of funders and international agricultural research centers;
3412:
3360:
3207:
2476:
CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
1991:
1110:
1040:
915:
902:
823:
715:
39:
1969:
382:
HarvestPlus, to improve the micronutrient content of staple foods; and
3334:
3199:
3045:
1178:
1089:
1065:
952:
890:
811:
697:
249:
2927:
1809:
Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA)
2748:
2238:
3425:
3386:
3373:
3295:
3282:
2657:
2076:
1778:"Research for Development > Water and Food Challenge Programme"
1122:
1052:
927:
852:
786:
758:
627:
440:
239:
2957:
Evenson, R. E. (2003). "Modern variety production: A synthesis".
1373:
3347:
1161:
International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain
977:
831:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
605:
CGIAR GENDER (Gender Equality in Food Systems Research) Platform
269:
3234:
2343:
806:
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
413:
CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers
407:
CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers
3080:"Global research partnership for a food-secure future - CGIAR"
2529:
CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
2550:"Policies, Institutions and Markets - CGIAR Research Program"
2928:"The impacts of CGIAR research: A review of recent evidence"
2894:
2802:
2775:
2418:
2165:
505:
CCAFS - Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CIAT)
172:
CGIAR works to help meet the global targets laid out in the
2471:
1037:(International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF)
576:
CGIAR supported four research platforms from 2017 to 2021:
315:
CGIAR originally supported four centers: CIMMYT, IRRI, the
2496:
2213:
1992:"Independent Science & Partnership Council: ISPC home"
1475:"Transforming Africa's food systems is a joint enterprise"
142:
Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research
18:
Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research
3380:
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)
3341:
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
3157:"40 Findings on the Impacts of CGIAR Research: 1971-2011"
2574:
2524:
2293:
131:
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
3230:
3223:
3068:. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 2021. p. 10.
2679:
2639:
2549:
2443:
1189:
International Service for National Agricultural Research
1105:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases
340:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases
2393:
1758:
Operations Evaluation Department. pp. xi+98. 31967
1554:
Barbara Shubinski and Barry Goldberg (6 January 2022).
647:
marketing, and genetic resources conservation and use.
3419:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
2398:
RICE: CGIAR Research Program on Rice Agri-Food Systems
2368:
2318:
1183:
1994: became a programme of Bioversity International
3406:
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
3315:
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
3202:(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center).
3194:
Byerlee, Derek; Edmeades, Greg O. (31 August 2021).
2423:
CGIAR Roots, Tubers, and Bananas Program (RTB-CGIAR)
116:
3109:
The Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
2705:"CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems / CGIAR"
1473:Yemi Akinbamijo and Claudia Sadoff (8 April 2022).
554:
More Meat, Milk and Fish by and for the poor (ILRI)
125:
111:
97:
83:
75:
64:
46:
3328:Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
712:(West Africa Rice Development Association, WARDA)
3432:International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2723:"CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes / CGIAR"
1754:(Report). OED Working Paper Series. Vol. 1.
244:IITA agricultural officers weigh cassava in 1970.
2626:
2624:
1211:2004: dissolved, main programmes moved to IFPRI
935:International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
274:International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
3458:International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
885:International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
694:Active centers and their headquarters locations
348:International Plant Genetic Resources Institute
321:International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
292:Pearson Commission on International Development
2926:Renkow, Mitch; Byerlee, Derek (October 2010).
1700:American Foundations: An Investigative History
3246:
2502:International Center for Tropical Agriculture
740:International Center for Tropical Agriculture
515:PIM - Policies, Institutions, & Markets (
508:A4NH - Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (
317:International Center for Tropical Agriculture
103:Juergen Voegele, Chair CGIAR System Council;
8:
3445:International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
2803:"CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture"
2680:"International Livestock Research Institute"
860:International Food Policy Research Institute
186:Gender Equality, Youth, and Social Inclusion
32:
1456:CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy
385:Generation, aimed at increasing the use of
3497:Agricultural organizations based in France
3253:
3239:
3231:
2808:CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture
2684:International Livestock Research Institute
2632:"Home | Aquatic Agricultural Systems"
910:International Livestock Research Institute
781:Center for International Forestry Research
176:with an emphasis on five areas of impact:
31:
3044:
2870:
2017:"Strategy and Results Framework brochure"
1932:"Browsing by Subject "CGIAR newsletters""
1870:
1860:
1698:Establishment of CGIAR - see Mark Dowie,
1133:International Livestock Centre for Africa
420:Agri-Food Systems CGIAR Research Programs
344:International Livestock Centre for Africa
2554:CGIAR Policies, Institutions and Markets
1782:Department for International Development
1750:Anderson, Jock; Dalrymple, Dana (1999).
1010:International Water Management Institute
613:
439:FTA - Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry (
183:Poverty Reduction, Livelihoods, and Jobs
1844:International Journal of Plant Genomics
1222:
1155:1994: merged with ILRAD to become ILRI
334:Expansion and consolidation (1991-2000)
276:(CIMMYT) in 1963 with support from the
3173:
3162:
2525:"Agriculture for Nutrition and Health"
2188:"How the Fund Works | CGIAR Fund"
1127:1994: merged with ILCA to become ILRI
144:) is a global partnership that unites
2344:"CGIAR Research Program on Livestock"
1904:"A revolution to combat world hunger"
1669:
1667:
1549:
1547:
1449:
1447:
985:International Rice Research Institute
266:International Rice Research Institute
192:Environmental Health and Biodiversity
7:
2249:from the original on 4 November 2002
622:research station in Terbol, Lebanon
600:Platform for Big Data in Agriculture
180:Nutrition, Health, and Food Security
2348:CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
446:Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (
27:Food security research organisation
2636:CGIAR Aquatic Agricultural Systems
2102:"Our strategic research framework"
650:Further impacts of CGIAR include:
227:across more than one Action Area.
25:
3492:Organizations established in 1971
3354:International Potato Center (CIP)
2656:. 8 February 2013. Archived from
2319:"CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT"
2298:Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals
630:spike to prepare for pollination.
189:Climate Adaptation and Mitigation
3512:Agricultural research institutes
3463:
3450:
3437:
3424:
3411:
3398:
3385:
3372:
3359:
3346:
3333:
3320:
3307:
3294:
3281:
3273:
2579:CGIAR Water, Land and Ecosystems
2049:"Strategy and Results Framework"
1199:
1171:
1143:
1115:
1070:
1045:
1020:
995:
970:
945:
920:
895:
870:
845:
816:
791:
766:
751:
720:
38:
3517:Intergovernmental organizations
3289:Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
2373:CGIAR Research Program on MAIZE
2323:CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT
2273:Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
1909:Science and Development Network
542:Global Rice Science Partnership
432:FISH - Fish Agri-Food Systems (
2218:CGIAR Research Program on FISH
1596:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105080
70:Intergovernmental Organization
1:
2944:10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.04.006
659:micronutrient-fortified crops
174:Sustainable Development Goals
3155:CGIAR Fund (31 March 2011).
2855:10.1016/j.patter.2020.100105
2754:CGIAR Excellence in Breeding
2575:"Water, Land and Ecosystems"
1232:"Moving towards "One CGIAR""
2449:International Potato Center
1287:International Potato Center
960:International Potato Center
497:Global Integrating Programs
146:international organizations
52:; 53 years ago
3533:
3037:10.1016/j.agsy.2007.06.004
3000:10.1079/9780851995496.0447
2967:10.1079/9780851995496.0427
1561:Rockefeller Archive Center
1462:. CGIAR. 2020. p. 17.
1230:Lee, Uma (17 March 2021).
524:Water, Land and Ecosystems
107:, Chair CGIAR System Board
3268:
2776:"CGIAR Genebank Platform"
485:Roots, Tubers and Bananas
366:CGIAR reforms (2001-2007)
305:in developing countries.
37:
3302:Bioversity International
1784:(DFID). 14 November 2008
1704:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1086:Centers no longer active
736:Bioversity International
352:Bioversity International
252:. Starting in 1943, the
2781:CGIAR Genebank Platform
1590:. Elsevier BV: 105080.
1093:Inactive CGIAR Centers
661:with higher content of
563:Grain Legumes (ICRISAT)
394:A new CGIAR (2008-2021)
260:laid the seeds for the
236:Early years (1971-1990)
3502:Rockefeller Foundation
3172:Cite journal requires
2749:"Excellenceinbreeding"
2132:"The Consortium Board"
704:Headquarters location
631:
583:Excellence in Breeding
387:crop genetic resources
278:Rockefeller Foundation
254:Rockefeller Foundation
245:
105:Lindiwe Majele Sibanda
2899:CGIAR Gender Platform
1996:CGIAR Science Council
941:Texcoco, Mexico State
701:Active CGIAR Centers
617:
308:Australian economist
243:
3025:Agricultural Systems
2994:. pp. 447–471.
2961:. pp. 427–445.
2642:on 11 February 2013.
2142:on 30 September 2011
2112:on 28 September 2011
1313:Consortium.cgiar.org
377:Basin Focal Projects
3135:blogs.worldbank.org
2605:European Commission
2369:"This is Maize CRP"
1972:on 5 September 2011
1862:10.1155/2008/369601
1644:"Sir John Crawford"
34:
3111:. 27 February 2018
2811:. 10 December 2020
2729:on 23 January 2013
2660:on 8 February 2013
2609:. 12 November 2010
2194:on 1 November 2011
1853:Hindawi Publishing
1721:"History of CGIAR"
1506:. 13 December 2022
1283:"CIP in the CGIAR"
1035:World Agroforestry
710:Africa Rice Center
632:
572:Research platforms
258:Mexican government
246:
218:Research Portfolio
209:"One CGIAR" reform
197:Vision and mission
3479:
3478:
3009:978-0-85199-549-6
2976:978-0-85199-549-6
1584:World Development
1215:
1214:
1083:
1082:
991:Los Baños, Laguna
665:, iron, and zinc.
592:Genebank Platform
325:genetic resources
310:Sir John Crawford
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
3524:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3441:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3350:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3224:Official website
3211:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3084:www.eda.admin.ch
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3031:(1–3): 108–123.
3020:
3014:
3013:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2725:. Archived from
2719:
2713:
2712:
2707:. Archived from
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2638:. Archived from
2628:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2190:. Archived from
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2164:. Archived from
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2138:. Archived from
2136:CGIAR Consortium
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2108:. Archived from
2106:CGIAR Consortium
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2056:CGIAR Consortium
2053:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2029:on 31 March 2012
2028:
2022:. Archived from
2021:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1968:. Archived from
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:on 14 April 2012
1938:. Archived from
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1874:
1864:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:on 25 March 2012
1813:. Archived from
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1727:. Archived from
1717:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1315:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1001:
999:
998:
976:
974:
973:
951:
949:
948:
926:
924:
923:
901:
899:
898:
876:
874:
873:
866:Washington, D.C.
851:
849:
848:
822:
820:
819:
797:
795:
794:
772:
770:
769:
757:
755:
754:
734:The Alliance of
726:
724:
723:
698:
689:Research Centers
602:
601:
594:
593:
585:
584:
487:
486:
481:
480:
342:(ILRAD) and the
262:Green Revolution
121:
118:
60:
58:
53:
42:
35:
21:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3306:
3293:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3193:
3190:
3188:Further reading
3185:
3171:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2925:
2924:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2711:on 7 July 2012.
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2168:on 11 July 2012
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1902:Yojana Sharma.
1901:
1900:
1896:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1710:, 2001, (p.114)
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:(1 June 1971).
1624:
1623:
1619:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1319:on 28 July 2012
1306:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1236:www.rural21.com
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1200:
1198:
1172:
1170:
1144:
1142:
1116:
1114:
1071:
1069:
1046:
1044:
1021:
1019:
996:
994:
971:
969:
946:
944:
921:
919:
896:
894:
871:
869:
846:
844:
817:
815:
792:
790:
767:
765:
752:
750:
721:
719:
691:
612:
599:
598:
591:
590:
582:
581:
574:
557:Dryland Systems
535:Former programs
484:
483:
478:
477:
422:
409:
396:
368:
336:
319:(CIAT) and the
282:Ford Foundation
238:
233:
220:
211:
199:
170:
158:Vavilov Centers
128:
127:Formerly called
115:
100:
93:
56:
54:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3530:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3460:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3408:
3395:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3291:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3216:External links
3214:
3213:
3212:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3174:|journal=
3147:
3122:
3096:
3071:
3052:
3015:
3008:
2982:
2975:
2949:
2938:(5): 391–402.
2911:
2886:
2822:
2794:
2767:
2740:
2714:
2696:
2671:
2645:
2620:
2591:
2566:
2541:
2516:
2488:
2463:
2435:
2410:
2385:
2360:
2335:
2310:
2285:
2260:
2230:
2205:
2179:
2153:
2123:
2093:
2068:
2040:
2008:
1983:
1953:
1923:
1894:
1828:
1795:
1769:
1742:
1731:on 31 May 2012
1712:
1691:
1663:
1635:
1617:
1574:
1543:
1525:Baum, Warren.
1517:
1504:Mongabay-India
1491:
1465:
1443:
1418:
1390:
1365:
1356:
1344:gatesnotes.com
1330:
1307:Rice, Africa.
1299:
1274:
1248:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1181:
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1129:
1128:
1125:
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1087:
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1056:
1055:
1038:
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1030:
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1006:
1005:
988:
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980:
963:
956:
955:
938:
931:
930:
913:
906:
905:
888:
881:
880:
863:
856:
855:
834:
827:
826:
809:
802:
801:
784:
777:
776:
743:
731:
730:
713:
706:
705:
702:
696:
695:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
655:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
595:
587:
573:
570:
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564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
545:
532:
531:
520:
513:
506:
494:
493:
475:
468:
467:Maize (CIMMYT)
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
421:
418:
408:
405:
395:
392:
391:
390:
383:
380:
367:
364:
335:
332:
272:) in 1960 and
237:
234:
232:
229:
219:
216:
210:
207:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
169:
166:
140:(formerly the
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
113:
109:
108:
101:
98:
95:
94:
92:
91:
87:
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73:
72:
66:
62:
61:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3529:
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3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3466:
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3459:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3166:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3106:
3105:"Rice Advice"
3100:
3097:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2756:
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