657:"Consulting psychology shall be defined as the function of applying and extending the specialized knowledge of a psychologist through the process of consultation to problems involving human behavior in various areas. A consulting psychologist shall be defined as a psychologist who provides specialized technical assistance to individuals or organizations in regard to the psychological aspects of their work. Such assistance is advisory in nature and the consultant has no direct responsibility for its acceptance. Consulting psychologists may have as clients individuals, institutions, agencies, corporations or other kinds of organization."
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Consulting relationships differ from traditional counseling and psychotherapeutic relationships in fundamental ways that require consideration in evaluating ethical questions. As of 2012, formal ethical guidelines specific to the discipline are not available. Existing codes of ethics for the helping
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Consulting psychology encompasses diverse roles including individual assessment, individual and group process consultation, organizational development, education/training, employee selection/appraisal, research and evaluation test construction, executive/manager coaching, change management, expert
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Consulting psychology can involve providers in communities unlike their own. Success requires sensitivity to cultural variation, including recognition of the consultant's own cultural bias and/or ethnocentrism. This is further complicated by potential differences between the background of the
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Confidentiality depends on the consultant and on the cooperative efforts of perhaps many organizational members. Variable levels of participation means attention to providing only appropriate access to information. Managing information access and confidentiality require negotiation.
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It is often critical to build community relationships to understand the context and enable the collection of appropriate data to supporting the consulting relationship. Strong relationships can increase trust between consultants and clients, leading to more effective interventions.
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This relationship focuses on the consultee rather than a particular client, helping build new skills via training and/or supervision. The consultant typically does not meet clients directly. Consultees seek consultation to increase knowledge, skills, confidence, and/or objectivity.
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This approach focuses on an individual client (recipient of service) and helps service providers better help that client. The consultant functions assesses the client, makes a diagnosis and recommends changes to the consultee, typically a teacher, physician or other care providers.
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A model used by behavioral scientists who works in jury thought and decision making processes. They are usually reserved to help attorneys and insurance companies to evaluate the risks of lawsuits and/or the application of settlement.
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publishes professional training guidelines for consulting psychologists. Master's programs are available under varying program names (e.g., business psychology). Some psychologists come to the field from areas such as
954:
Clients' right to informed consent must be maintained in the presence of a consulting relationship. This right is complicated by the corresponding rights of consultees, including the right not to accept consultation.
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Power is typically distributed unequally among participants in the consultation process. Power differentials may be real or perceived. Those with greater power must take responsibility for its use and impact.
641:. Consulting psychologists typically work in business or non-profit organizations, in consulting firms or in private practice. Consulting psychologists are typically professionally licensed as psychologists.
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In this model, the consultant is an authority figure who assumes primary responsibility for the relationship. The focus is on problem-solving more than skills development or a particular client.
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Consultants with preexisting personal or professional relationships with participants in the consultation must take care that such relationships do not compromise the process.
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Ethical issues are inevitably complicated by the fact that consulting relationships involve three parties: the consultant, the consultee, and the consultee's client system.
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Cultural differences can involve communication styles, attitudes towards conflict, approaches to completing tasks, decision-making and attitudes towards disclosure.
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The generic model encompasses all kinds of consulting, starting with Entry, moving through
Diagnosis and Implementation and ending with an explicit Disengagement.
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A model that focuses on having statistical consultants to research empirical evidence and sophisticated analysis through consulting test and certified projects.
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Guidelines for education and training at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels in consulting psychology/Organizational consulting psychology (2007).
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consultee and client. In this context, "culture" involves client's/consultee's religious, cultural and family background and value system.
1066:. New York: Basic Books.; Caplan, G. & Caplan, R.B. (1993). Mental health consultation and collaboration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
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This model employs systems theory to improve productivity or to streamline the relationship between an organization and its environment.
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Measurement, Monte Carlo, and music: Why doctorates in psychology and other applied fields make desirable consultants in statistics
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In some cases, the focus is on administrative rather than professional staff. Such relationships are typically longer term.
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provides an overview of specific areas of study and application within the field. The major journal in the field is
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Newman, J.L. & Robinson, S.E. (1991). In the best interests of the consultee: Ethical issues in consultation.
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What degree of responsibility does the consultant take for a consultee's behavior and client outcomes?
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How is the consultant's responsibility for resolving conflicts with and among other participants?
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Litigation consulting: Expanding beyond jury selection to trial strategy and tactics
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is a framework for navigating the challenges of consulting in community psychology.
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To what extent and over what period is the consultee dependent on the consultant?
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What are acceptable motivations for the consultant to offer consulting services?
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What are the consultant's responsibilities for maintaining confidentiality?
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and interventions at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The
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822: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Fanibanda, D.K. (1976). Ethical issues of mental health consultation.
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Consulting psychologists who have helped to develop the field include
1005:"Education and Training in Organizational and Consulting Psychology"
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professions provide limited guidance for consultation practice.
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Consultants face different ethical questions than clinicians:
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What is the proper oversight for consulting relationships?
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Society for
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Consulting
Psychology Journal: Practice and Research
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1116:"Society of Consulting Psychology (Division 13)"
991:Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology
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633:Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psychology
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1075:Bergan, J.R. & Kratochwill, T.R. (1990)
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838:Learn how and when to remove this message
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858:Notable consulting psychologists
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1201:Consulting Psychology Bulletin
1088:Cole, J. & Dang, J.(2010)
728:Litigation and risk management
645:Defining consulting psychology
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993:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
627:that addresses such areas as
318:Industrial and organizational
989:Lowman, R.L. (Ed.). (2002).
473:Human factors and ergonomics
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1079:. New York, NY: Springer.
782:ecological systems theory
712:Organization consultation
248:Applied behavior analysis
1101:Finkelman, J. M. (2010)
909:certifies participants.
720:Statistical consultation
1172:Professional Psychology
1118:. Div13.org. 2012-06-26
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623:is a specialty area of
438:Behavioral neuroscience
93:Behavioral neuroscience
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1062:Caplan, G. (1970).
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88:Behavioral genetics
19:Part of a series on
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1021:on 13 October 2008
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288:Educational
243:Anomalistic
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98:Behaviorism
1156:17 January
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1025:17 January
978:References
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189:Perception
149:Ecological
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828:July 2012
443:Cognition
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966:See also
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48:History
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