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in which he substantially developed the theory. In this article, he expanded the continuity theory to explain the development of internal and external structures of continuity. In 1999, Robert
Atchley continued to strengthen his theory in his book
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The continuity theory originated in the observation that a large proportion of older adults show consistency in their activities, personalities, and relationships despite their changing physical, mental, and
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The theory deals with the internal structure and the external structure of continuity to describe how people adapt to their situation and set their goals. The internal structure of an individual such as
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remain constant throughout the life course. This provides the individual a way to make future decisions based on their internal foundation of the past. The external structure of an individual such as
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The major criticism for the theory is its definition of normal aging. The theory distinguishes normal aging from pathological aging, neglecting the older adults with chronic illness.
475:
Maddox, G. L. (1968). "Persistence of life style among the elderly: A longitudinal study of patterns of social activity in relation to life satisfaction". In B. L. Neugarten (ed.).
112:". The continuity theory was formerly proposed in 1971 by Robert Atchley in his article "Retirement and Leisure Participation: Continuity or Crisis?" in the journal
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The continuity theory is one of three major psychosocial theories which describe how people develop in old age. The other two psychosocial theories are the
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The continuity theory can be classified as a micro-level theory because it pertains to the individual, and more specifically it can be viewed from the
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woman holding a prayer wheel demonstrates the continuity theory. Despite their age, older adults generally maintain the same traditions and beliefs.
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Another weakness of the theory is that it fails to demonstrate how social institutions impact the individuals and the way they age.
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upon which the continuity theory modifies and elaborates. Unlike the other two theories, the continuity theory uses a
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Richard Schulz; Linda S. Noelker; Kenneth
Rockwood; Richard L. Sprott, eds. (2006). "Continuity Theory".
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116:. Later, in 1989, he published another article entitled "A Continuity Theory of Normal Aging, in
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Atchley R. C. (1971). "Retirement and leisure participation: Continuity or crisis?".
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criticise the continuity theory for defining normal aging around a male model.
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317:. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. pp. 266–268.
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states that older adults will usually maintain the same activities,
370:(4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
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Continuity and
Adaptation in Aging: Creating Positive Experiences
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Continuity and
Adaptation in Aging: Creating Positive Experiences
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Aging and The Life Course: An
Introduction to Social Gerontology
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217:"Continuity theory: How elders find wisdom in spite of it all"
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as they did in their earlier years of life. According to this
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Atchley R. C. (1989). "A continuity theory of normal aging".
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Atchley R. C. (1989). "A continuity theory of normal aging".
69:, with which the continuity theory comes to odds, and the
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called "Persistence of life style among the elderly: A
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Middle Age and Aging: A Reader in Social
Psychology
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Middle Age and Aging: A Reader in Social
Psychology
100:description of the theory in a chapter of the book
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340:Profiles in Gerontology: A Biographical Dictionary
483:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.
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338:Achenbaum, W. Andrew; Daniel M. Albert (1995).
108:of patterns of social activity in relation to
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154:provides a support for maintaining a stable
23:. For nationalist continuity theories, see
282:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 108.
279:Gerontological nursing and healthy aging
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21:Multiregional origin of modern humans
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96:. In 1968, George L. Maddox gave an
19:For the anthropological theory, see
276:Priscilla Ebersole (8 April 2005).
460:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
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522:Theories of non-biological ageing
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409:10.1093/geront/11.1_part_1.13
16:Psychosocial theory of aging
215:American Society on Aging.
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162:Criticisms and weaknesses
82:functionalist perspective
77:to define normal aging.
438:10.1093/geront/29.2.183
366:Quadagno, Jill (2007).
255:10.1093/geront/29.2.183
191:Activity theory (aging)
75:life course perspective
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315:Encyclopedia of Aging
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196:Disengagement theory
67:disengagement theory
342:. Greenwood Press.
454:Atchley, Robert C.
106:longitudinal study
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426:The Gerontologist
397:The Gerontologist
289:978-0-323-03165-3
243:The Gerontologist
171:feminist theories
118:The Gerontologist
114:The Gerontologist
110:life satisfaction
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136:personality
34:An elderly
506:Categories
227:2007-12-16
202:References
46:of normal
25:Indigenism
98:empirical
52:behaviors
456:(1999).
180:See also
129:Elements
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512:Ageing
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142:, and
60:theory
186:Aging
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413:PMID
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297:2011
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