20:
254:
A typical phrase in
Germany is "Er ist mein Freund, aber nicht mein Freund Freund". This is translated to "He's my friend, but not my friend friend ". It's used to disambiguate because there is no word specifically meaning 'boyfriend'.
65:"As a rough approximation, we can say that the reduplicated modifier singles out a member or subset of the extension of the noun that represents a true, real, default, or prototype instance."
154:
Contrastive focus reduplication features two identical – or near-identical – constituents; these constituents can be words, idioms, or phrases. In
English, the left constituent bears
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Theoretical differences in the approach to the construction result in different nomenclatures, as there are theoretical assumptions which underlie any expression. For example,
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This construction has been identified in German, though research suggests that the meaning of the construction is not readily understood by all speakers.
684:
Ghomeshi, Jila, Ray
Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen & Kevin Russell (2004). Contrastive focus reduplication in English (the salad-salad paper).
524:
116:
Contrastive focus reduplication has been called by various names in
English. Early work on the construction referred to it as
497:
Horn, L. (1993). Economy and redundancy in a dualistic model of natural language. SKY: The
Linguistic Association of Finland.
262:, particularly among speakers raised among English-speakers. A phrasal example in the language will be; "qartela, ina lela
627:
713:
708:
284:
681:
Dray, Nancy. (1987). Doubles and modifiers in
English. (Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Chicago).
170:. It is primarily employed as a form of repair in order to reinforce a speaker's true intended meaning.
139:
89:
458:
Huang, Yan (September 2015). "Lexical cloning in
English: A neo-Gricean lexical pragmatic analysis".
259:
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61:-like him?" – can indicate that the prototypical meaning of the repeated word or phrase is intended.
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Contrastive focus reduplication in
English can apply not only to words but also to multi-word
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235:. This can be analyzed either as contrastive focus reduplication, or simply as the noun
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613:
403:
374:
Hohenhaus, Peter (2004). "Identical
Constituent Compounding – a Corpus-based Study".
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The authors of the article that defined contrastive focus reduplication collected a
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542:"CF-reduplication in English: Dynamic Prototypes & Contrastive Focus Effects"
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Finkbeiner, Rita (October 2014). "Identical constituent compounds in German".
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In
English, the first part of the reduplicant bears contrastive intonational
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19:
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Ghomeshi, Jila; Jackendoff, Ray; Rosen, Nicole; Russell, Kevin (2004).
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found in some languages. Doubling a word or phrase – such as "do you
324:"Contrastive focus reduplication in English (the salad-salad paper)"
81:
18:
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This example from Ghomeshi et al. was used by the comic strip
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Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction
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is often thought of as a morphophonological process, whereas
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Contrastive focus reduplication and the modification puzzle
642:
The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi.
266:-qarta" (which translates to, "it's cold, but it's not
578:"Corpus of English contrastive focus reduplications"
508:
655:The Sound System of Modern Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic)
239:(the French language) preceded by the adjective
135:is often regarded as a morphosyntactic process.
540:Song, Myounghyoun; Lee, Chungmin (2015-04-03).
670:Bross, Fabian & Fraser, Katherine (2020).
166:Contrastive focus reduplication is a form of
8:
511:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
193:"How do they know it's turkey bacon and not
186:"I'll make the tuna salad and you make the
601:"Contrastive focus reduplication in Zits"
553:
258:This linguistic phenomenon is present in
686:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
676:Glossa. A Journal of General Linguistics
331:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
124:due to its superficial characteristics.
96:I talked to him that week, but I didn't
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182:of examples in English. These include:
628:"How to Talk About Friends in German"
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146:in 1982 to describe this phenomenon.
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103:In fact I barely talked to him. Not
515:. Oxford University Press. p.
343:10.1023/B:NALA.0000015789.98638.f9
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40:identical constituent compounding
599:Liberman, Mark (June 11, 2007).
546:Semantics and Linguistic Theory
32:Contrastive focus reduplication
207:"Is that carrot cheesecake or
1:
23:This is a salad-salad, not a
695:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
472:10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.005
388:10.1515/flin.2004.38.3-4.297
730:
691:Wierzbicka, Anna. (1991).
653:Odisho, Edward Y (1988).
36:contrastive reduplication
640:Khan, Geoffrey (2016).
555:10.3765/salt.v0i0.2590
507:McArthur, Tom (1992).
434:10.3366/word.2014.0065
285:Compound (linguistics)
200:"I'm up, I'm just not
90:inflectional morphemes
67:
28:
16:Grammatical phenomenon
460:Journal of Pragmatics
63:
22:
260:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
168:motivated redundancy
48:double construction
630:. 2 February 2021.
247:In other languages
156:contrastive stress
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526:978-0-19-214183-5
376:Folia Linguistica
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678:, 5(1), 47.
209:carrot cake
133:compounding
112:Terminology
98:talk to him
703:Categories
665:References
584:17 January
356:17 January
162:In English
86:word stems
25:tuna salad
564:2163-5951
480:0378-2166
466:: 80–85.
442:1750-1245
404:144442947
396:0165-4004
351:170949456
290:Epizeuxis
270:-cold").
150:Structure
144:word word
52:syntactic
46:, or the
280:Retronym
274:See also
174:Examples
84:, or to
80:such as
548:: 444.
382:(3–4).
211:-cake?"
197:bacon?"
190:salad."
107:talked.
78:phrases
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349:
241:French
237:French
229:France
225:French
223:means
180:corpus
118:double
82:idioms
71:stress
400:S2CID
347:S2CID
327:(PDF)
296:Notes
264:qarta
195:bacon
188:salad
614:Zits
586:2017
560:ISSN
521:ISBN
517:1127
476:ISSN
438:ISSN
392:ISSN
358:2017
268:cold
204:up."
105:talk
59:like
550:doi
468:doi
430:doi
384:doi
339:doi
215:In
120:or
705::
674:.
603:.
558:.
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488:^
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450:^
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398:.
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380:38
378:.
366:^
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335:22
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304:^
219:,
202:up
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42:,
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341::
27:.
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