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assignments, crossing constraints, lateral deviations, route changes and clearances, speed assignments, radio frequency assignments, and various requests for information. The pilot is provided with the capability to respond to messages, to request clearances and information, to report information, and to declare/rescind an emergency. The pilot is, in addition, provided with the capability to request conditional clearances (downstream) and information from a downstream air traffic service unit (ATSU). A “free text” capability is also provided to exchange information not conforming to defined formats. An auxiliary capability is provided to allow a ground system to use data link to forward a CPDLC message to another ground system.
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flights in 2007, an increase of 5% - or 22,000 flights - from 2006), the number of pilots tuned to a particular station also increases. This increases the chances that one pilot will accidentally override another, thus requiring the transmission to be repeated. In addition, each exchange between a controller and pilot requires a certain amount of time to complete; eventually, as the number of flights being controlled reaches a saturation point, the controller will not be able to handle any further aircraft.
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245:'s William J. Hughes Technical Center have shown that the use of CPDLC meant that "the voice channel occupancy was decreased by 75 percent during realistic operations in busy en route airspace. The net result of this decrease in voice channel occupancy is increased flight safety and efficiency through more effective communications."
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Safety objectives identified by ED-120/DO-290 include the need to ensure that messages are neither corrupted nor mis-delivered. Equally important is the need for accurate timestamping and the rejection of out-of-date messages. A consequence of these requirements is that CPDLC implementations, both
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The sequence of messages between the controller and a pilot relating to a particular transaction (for example request and receipt of a clearance) is termed a ‘dialogue’. There can be several sequences of messages in the dialogue, each of which is closed by means of appropriate messages, usually of
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The CPDLC application provides air-ground data communication for the ATC service. This includes a set of clearance/information/request message elements which correspond to voice phraseology employed by air traffic control procedures. The controller is provided with the capability to issue level
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One of the major problems with voice radio communications used in this manner is that all pilots being handled by a particular controller are tuned to the same frequency. As the number of flights air traffic controllers must handle is steadily increasing (for instance, Shanwick handled 414,570
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Controller–pilot data link communication (CPDLC) is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communication. At the highest level, the concept is simple, with the emphasis on the continued involvement of the human at either end and the flexibility of use.
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More than 40 major airlines participate in the CPDLC programme with
Maastricht UAC. Average end to end response times (ATC-cockpit-ATC) are well below 30 seconds. More than 30,000 LOG-ONs were reported in 2007, leading to over 82,000 CPDLC uplinks, each saving precious frequency time.
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for business aviation and government operators. This FANS 1/A testing by AirSatOne is in accordance with RTCA DO-258A/ED-100A, meet the requirements of RTCA DO-258A/ED-100A, RTCA DO-306/ED-122 and FAA Advisory
Circular AC 20-140C to support operational approval of the equipment.
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ED-120 provides a hazard analysis and identifies the hazards applicable to systems implementing the ATC services that CPDLC deployments are currently providing. It then derives the safety objectives for such systems and the safety requirements with which they must comply.
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Traditionally, this problem has been countered by dividing a saturated air traffic control sector into two smaller sectors, each with its own controller and each using a different voice communications channel. However, this strategy suffers from two problems:
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Each sector division increases the amount of "handover traffic". That is the overhead involved in transferring a flight between sectors, which requires a voice exchange between the pilot and both controllers, plus co-ordination between the
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A new strategy is needed to cope with increased demands on air traffic control, and data link based communications offers a possible strategy by increasing the effective capacity of the communications channel.
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acknowledgement or acceptance. Closure of the dialogue does not necessarily terminate the link, since there can be several dialogues between controller and pilot while an aircraft transits the ATSU airspace.
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Implementers of both ground and airborne systems must comply with these safety requirements if their products are to be approved and/or certified for operational use. Companies such as AirSatOne offer
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CPDLC will probably be a major enabler for following on projects as monitor message, route clearance uplink, 2-4 D trajectories, continuous descent approaches, and constraint coordination also.
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DO-290) is the safety and performance requirements (SPR) for continental airspace and should be consulted for the safety objectives relevant to the use of CPDLC in continental airspace.
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ATC clearance (ACL), aircraft communication messages (ACM), and check mike (AMC) services are supported, including the automatic uplink of the SSR transponder code into the cockpit.
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The number of available voice channels is finite, and, in high density airspace, such as central Europe or the
Eastern US Seaboard, there may not be a new channel available.
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All CPDLC deployments must be supported by an approved safety case demonstrating that all safety objectives for the applicable airspace have been met.
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Oceanic ACC (FAJO), controlling the southern Atlantic and Indian oceans bordering Brazilian and Australian airspace.
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has an archive of technical and information papers on CPDLC presented at the annual ATN Conference.
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on aircraft and at ATC centres, must have access to an accurate clock (to within 1 second of
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Maastricht UAC (EDYY), controlling
Amsterdam FIR, Hannover UIR and Brussels UIR (above FL245)
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All exchanges of CPDLC messages between pilot and controller can be viewed as dialogues.
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In some cases it may not be possible or feasible to further divide down a section.
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The ICAO Doc 9705 compliant ATN/CPDLC system, which is since 2003 operational at
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the transfer of data authority involving current and next data authority, and
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Scottish ACC (EGPX), controlling
Scottish UIR (above FL195, FL245 or FL255)
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the exchange of controller/pilot messages with the current data authority,
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Stockholm ATCC (ESOS) and Malmö ATCC (ESMM), controlling Sweden FIR
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453:"Irish Aviation Authority North Atlantic Communications - History"
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London ACC (EGTT), controlling London UIR (above FL195 or FL285)
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bands for long-distance communication (such as that provided by
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downstream clearance delivery with a downstream data authority.
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Prague IATCC (LKAA), controlling Praha FIR i.e. Czech airspace
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Karlsruhe UAC (EDUU), controlling Rhein UIR (above FL245)
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are used to support the
European ATN/CPDLC service.
227:The CPDLC application has three primary functions:
204:The datalink control and display unit (DCDU) on an
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
353:Atlântico ACC (SBAO), controlling Brazil airspace.
335:Budapest ACC, controlling Hungarian and Kosovo UIR
152:The standard method of communication between an
347:Ljubljana ACC (LJLA), controlling Slovenia FIR
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341:Canarias ACC (GCCC), controlling Canarias FIR
332:Warszawa ACC (EPWW), controlling FIR Warszawa
253:There are two main implementations of CPDLC:
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58:"Controller–pilot data link communications"
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265:as FANS-A, is now commonly referred to as
257:The FANS-1 system originally developed by
316:The following UACs offer CPDLC services:
160:bands for line-of-sight communication or
156:and a pilot is voice radio, using either
122:Controller–pilot data link communications
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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433:Eurocat (Air Traffic Management System)
372:) and FANS 1/A services are supported.
428:Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics
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350:Vienna ACC, controlling Austrian FIR
47:adding citations to reliable sources
140:can communicate with pilots over a
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243:Federal Aviation Administration
241:Simulations carried out at the
34:needs additional citations for
1678:History of air traffic control
16:Air traffic controlling method
1:
531:. Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH
1622:Telecommunication portal
1403:Telecommunications equipment
1139:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
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843:Telecommunications history
298:Flight Information Regions
130:controller pilot data link
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1451:Public Switched Telephone
1263:telecommunication circuit
1224:Fiber-optic communication
969:Francis Blake (telephone)
764:Optical telecommunication
1362:Orbital angular-momentum
799:Satellite communications
638:Communications satellite
166:Shanwick Oceanic Control
136:), is a method by which
1241:Molecular communication
1064:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
893:Undersea telegraph line
628:Cable protection system
138:air traffic controllers
128:), also referred to as
1383:Communication protocol
1169:Charles Sumner Tainter
984:Walter Houser Brattain
929:Edwin Howard Armstrong
737:Information revolution
558:ATN Conference website
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154:air traffic controller
1357:Polarization-division
1089:Narinder Singh Kapany
1054:Erna Schneider Hoover
974:Jagadish Chandra Bose
954:Alexander Graham Bell
685:online video platform
304:networks operated by
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1199:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1159:Almon Brown Strowger
1129:Charles Grafton Page
784:Prepaid mobile phone
712:Electrical telegraph
43:improve this article
1149:Johann Philipp Reis
908:Wireless revolution
870:The Telephone Cases
727:Hydraulic telegraph
368:), today both ATN (
1347:Frequency-division
1324:Telephone exchange
1194:Charles Wheatstone
1124:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
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602:Telecommunications
563:2008-11-19 at the
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1393:Data transmission
1307:Network switching
1258:Transmission line
1104:Guglielmo Marconi
1069:Internet pioneers
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903:Whistled language
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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1334:Multiplexing
1209:Transmission
1174:Nikola Tesla
1164:Henry Sutton
1119:Samuel Morse
1049:Robert Hooke
1014:Amos Dolbear
949:John Bardeen
868:
848:Telautograph
752:Mobile phone
707:Edholm's law
690:social media
623:Broadcasting
533:. Retrieved
506:. Retrieved
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486:. Retrieved
482:the original
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461:. Retrieved
457:the original
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1534:NPL network
1246:Radio waves
1184:Alfred Vail
1094:Hedy Lamarr
1079:Dawon Kahng
1039:Elisha Gray
999:Yogen Dalal
924:Nasir Ahmed
858:Teleprinter
722:Heliographs
290:Eurocontrol
273:-1/A is an
206:Airbus A330
1667:Categories
1580:Antarctica
1539:Toasternet
1461:Television
944:Paul Baran
876:Television
860:(teletype)
853:Telegraphy
831:transistor
809:Phryctoria
779:Photophone
757:Smartphone
747:Mass media
535:2014-05-30
508:2024-08-17
488:2007-05-05
463:2013-05-26
439:References
370:VDL Mode 2
366:VDL Mode 4
302:VDL Mode 2
294:Maastricht
285:) service.
69:newspapers
1564:Americas
1553:Locations
1524:Internet2
1285:Bandwidth
989:Vint Cerf
886:streaming
864:Telephone
804:Semaphore
695:streaming
148:Necessity
1673:Avionics
1632:Category
1519:Internet
1509:CYCLADES
1426:Ethernet
1376:Concepts
1300:terminal
1251:wireless
1074:Bob Kahn
917:Pioneers
742:Internet
633:Cable TV
561:Archived
422:See also
394:ED-120 (
281:Data-2 (
279:Inmarsat
267:FANS-1/A
144:system.
142:datalink
1652:Commons
1642:Outline
1595:Oceania
1514:FidoNet
1499:ARPANET
1312:circuit
881:digital
610:History
392:EUROCAE
261:and by
83:scholar
1590:Europe
1560:Africa
1544:Usenet
1504:BITNET
1441:Mobile
1317:packet
826:MOSFET
821:device
618:Beacon
386:Safety
263:Airbus
259:Boeing
85:
78:
71:
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56:
1573:South
1568:North
1529:JANET
1466:Telex
1456:Radio
1295:Nodes
1290:Links
1211:media
789:Radio
774:Pager
702:Drums
668:video
663:image
653:audio
529:(PDF)
306:ARINC
275:ACARS
126:CPDLC
90:JSTOR
76:books
1585:Asia
1471:UUCP
1431:ISDN
396:RTCA
362:NEAN
310:SITA
308:and
271:FANS
134:CPDL
62:news
1476:WAN
1446:NGN
1436:LAN
717:Fax
658:DCT
416:UTC
292:'s
168:).
158:VHF
45:by
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517:^
162:HF
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