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threatened release requiring emergency action to protect health, natural resources, maritime activities (e.g. port operations) and/or historic sites or tourism appeal. A provision for an annex to the protocol extending the definition of hazardous materials to include substances other than oil is included, and until an annex is created, the protocol can be provisionally applied to non-oil hazardous substances.
40:
380:, led to the adoptions of the SPAW Protocol and the LBS Protocol, respectively. Members of the original convention and Oil Spills Protocol can separately ratify the latter two protocols. As of 2021, 18 members have ratified the SPAW Protocol, which entered into force in 2000, and 15 have ratified the LBS Protocol, which entered into force in 2010.
444:
consultation with an advisory committee and are subject to approval of the parties. Exemptions to strict protections may be provided to support traditional activities of local populations if they do not pose substantial risk to the survival or ecological function of protected species or areas. Guidance is made to limit the introduction of
491:. This annex defines Class I waters as being especially sensitive to the effects of domestic wastewater exposure due to biological or ecological characteristics or their use by humans, e.g. for recreation. Class II waters, which are those considered less sensitive to pollution from domesic wastewater, have defined thresholds for
579:
financing costs of implementing the Action Plan in the
Caribbean, which opened in September 1983 after fulfilling promised contributions from various countries. Nevertheless, the CEP cited lack of contributions to the trust fund as an obstacle it faced in 2014, along with a very broad scope of tasks
431:
The
Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol encourages parties to establish protected areas that conserve ecosystems, natural resources, habitats of endangered, threatened or endemic species and areas of historic, cultural or certain other forms of value. It also provides for the creation of
555:
Four
Regional Activity Centres (RACs) have been established to help implement the Cartagena Convention and protocols, here listed with the protocol implemented and RAC location in parenthesis: the Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Information and Training Center for the Wider Caribbean (Oil Spills
413:
Mechanisms for resolving disputes between parties on issues arising in the course of interpretating and implementing the
Cartagena Convention are set forth in Article 23 and in an annex to the text. Parties can denounce the Convention or any of its protocols they have ratified two years after the
422:
The Oil Spills
Protocol provides details on the implementation of Cartagena Convention provisions with respect to hazardous material releases, including making an inventory of emergency response equipment and expertise related to oil spills. Oil spills are defined by the protocol as an actual or
352:
oil well, became the largest oil spill to that point (476,190 metric tons). Approximately 250 spills, incidents that result in the release of greater than 0.17 metric tons of oil, occur annually in the oil-producing Gulf of Mexico and
Caribbean Sea according to estimates published in 2007. Even
399:
It stipulates that participants who become aware of a pollution emergency should take measures to stem the pollution and notify other states who have the potential to be impacted, as well as international bodies. It calls for international cooperation between participating states in proactively
503:
and fats, oils and grease in effluent that are less stringent than those for discharges into Class I waters. In neither case should discharges contain visible floatables. It is recommended to parties that treatment plants and effluent outflow points are designed to minimize or entirely avoid
443:
In addition to inhabitants of the marine environment, the SPAW Protocol can be applied to selected fauna and flora and ecosystems of coasts and coastal watersheds above the freshwater transition point at the discretion of the party with jurisdiction. The annexes are developed and updated in
372:, between 21 and 24 March 1983. The Convention and its first protocol, the Oil Spills protocol, were concurrently adopted on 24 March 1983 in English, French and Spanish, which are regarded as equally authoritative texts. Subsequent plenipotentiary conferences in 1990, in
268:
in 1974, which works to promote the development of conventions and action plans for protection of 18 designated regional seas, of which the Wider
Caribbean is one. The Wider Caribbean Region encompasses the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, the
642:
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Convention or the specific protocol has gone into effect for them, but if they are no longer contracted to any protocol after their denunciation, they will also be considered to have denounced the
Cartagena Convention as a whole.
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104:
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83:
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buffer zones, areas of more limited protection, around the protected areas. Three annexes to the protocol establish lists of endangered and threatened wildlife: Annex I lists endangered and threatened
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out to 200 nautical miles from shore and the states and territories whose coastlines abut them. The
Cartagena Convention defines the Atlantic boundaries of its convention area as lying south of
72:
1305:
248:) and the Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (
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operations, and lists pollutants of concern. Annex II specifies considerations for source control and management and lists alternative production practices that minimize waste generation.
1310:
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The
Cartagena Convention was the product of the first Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, held in
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603:) states to implement aspects of the convention in their respective countries. He praised Trinidad and Tobago for its implementation of Cartagena Convention provisions through its
403:
Participating states are also encouraged to define specially protected areas where there are rare or threatened ecosystems or habitat for threatened species. They should conduct
97:
1430:
244:), the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (
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and Annex III contains flora and fauna that are in need of protection, but that could be able to be utilized on a "rational and sustainable basis" with conservation measures.
460:
The Land-Based Sources and Activities Protocol calls for parties to take action and cooperate to reduce land-based pollution from their territories. It defines ten priority
288:(CEP) for the protection and development of the Wider Caribbean. The Action Plan for the CEP was adopted at a meeting of representatives from 22 regional governments in
632:
1320:
568:) and The Institute of Marine Affairs (LBS Protocol, Trinidad and Tobago). The Regional Coordinating Unit and Secretariat for the convention are located in Kingston,
599:
expressed concern that the implementation of the Cartagena Convention had "lost some momentum" due in part to the need for legislation in Caribbean Community (
1274:
Website of the Regional Marine Pollution Emergency, Information and Training Centre – Caribe, a Regional Activity Centre of the Caribbean Environment Program
792:
1172:
Remarks by The Honourable Mr Justice Winston Anderson, Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice on the occasion of The International Seabed Authority Seminar
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by 26 states. It has been amended by three major protocols: the Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Oil Spills in the Wider Caribbean Region (
410:
The participants typically meet once every two years. Extraordinary meetings may occur if a request for one is supported by a majority of signatories.
1017:(Report). JNCC – UK Overseas Territories Report Series. Peterborough, United Kingdom: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. pp. 5–6. Report No. 2
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1150:. Kingston, Jamaica: United Nations Environment Programme Caribbean Environment Programme and Cartagena Convention Secretariat. January–March 2023
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1203:"Response Coordination Between Multiple Countries in the Wider Caribbean Region Following a Possible 6 Million Gallon Oil Spill"
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Overview of international, regional, and national legislation to protect coral reefs in the Caribbean UK Overseas Territories
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340:, with loss of approximately 286,000 metric tons of oil to the marine environment. One month prior to the collision, the
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before undertaking major development projects in coastal areas for effects on marine ecosystems in the convention area.
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and the UNEP collaborated to start preparations for the creation of a regional action plan and establishment of the
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THE ACTION PLAN FOR THE CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME: EVALUATION OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTS (1976-1987)
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50:
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496:
477:
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Website of The Caribbean Environment Programme and Cartagena Convention Secretariat, UN Environment Programme
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SPAW Protocol annexes as revised 3 June 2019 after the 10th Contracting Parties to the SPAW Protocol meeting
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349:
217:
1280:
World Environment Situation Room: Data, Information and Knowledge on the Environment – Cartagena Convention
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plying routes to islands, can contribute to oil pollution through collisions and discharge of contaminated
232:. It was adopted on 24 March 1983, entered into force on 11 October 1986 subsequent to its ratification by
492:
461:
192:
73:"Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region"
547:, a party to the convention, has not extended treaty membership to Anguilla, a UK Overseas Territory.
483:
In Annex III, the protocol regulates domestic wastewater discharges in the convention area, including
289:
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Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region
142:
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region
320:
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The 1981 Action Plan for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP) provided for establishment of a
369:
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312:
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24:
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regular ship traffic, such as the cargo vessels passing to and from the Caribbean Sea through the
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that they release into the convention area from domestic sewage, and to avoid discharge of toxic
445:
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732:
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called The Prevention of Marine Litter in the Caribbean Sea (PROMAR) and projects to restore
1214:
1125:. Sixteenth Global Meeting of the Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans. Athens, Greece
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Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (2007).
851:
585:
564:), The Centre of Engineering and Environmental Management of Coasts and Bays (LBS Protocol,
766:
879:
Rachelle Mayers (director, editor); Mayers Media Inc. (producer); CEPUNEP (21 June 2022).
473:
345:
572:. The Cartagena Convention is administered by the United Nations Environment Programme.
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developing pollution event contingency plans and in conducting research and monitoring.
544:
465:
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latitude and within 200 nautical miles of the Atlantic coasts of participating states.
229:
225:
1230:"United States Enters SPAW Protocol Reservations, Reiterates Conservation Commitments"
991:(Report). Global International Waters Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme
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1219:
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to support. Current initiatives of the CEP as of 2023 include a project addressing
652:
354:
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International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation
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sources that can affect the convention area and are regulated by the convention.
303:
An impetus for the subsequent creation of the Cartagena Convention was the major
362:
358:
39:
1178:. The International Seabed Authority Seminar. Kingston, Jamaica. pp. 17–18
905:
1090:
Caribbean Environment Programme; United Nations Environment Programme (1989).
880:
856:
589:
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561:
557:
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in July 1979. Between the collision itself and the subsequent breakup of the
1256:
List of Protected Areas listed under the SPAW Protocol as of 16 November 2023
961:
940:"Estimates of Oil Entering the Marine Environment from Sea-Based Activities"
817:
617:
524:
304:
1145:"Protecting our Caribbean Sea, Sustaining our Future: Quarterly Newsletter"
523:, including provisions for reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution,
292:
in 1981, following preparatory meetings of government-nominated experts in
942:. Reports and Studies. London: International Maritime Organization. No. 75
648:
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil
513:
505:
484:
333:
237:
600:
569:
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effects on Class I waters. Parties are asked to control the amount of
560:), The RAC for Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW Protocol,
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categories in its Annex I for targeted mitigation, including from the
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469:
389:
348:, which, after the 10 months required to stop the leakage from the
437:
433:
565:
1273:
1201:
Donohue, Keith M.; Richards, Matthew; Folbert, Maartje (2021).
882:
Cartagena Convention 35th Anniversary Video (English captions)
33:
1267:
806:– via Law and Environmental Assistance Platform, UNEP.
1085:
1083:
500:
388:
The Cartagena Convention defines ship-based, land-based,
793:"Factsheet: Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans"
848:"Action Plan for the Caribbean environment programme"
906:"INTERVIEW: Pollution, Cartagena, and the Caribbean"
912:(Interview). Interviewed by UN News. United Nations
198:
188:
180:
172:
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146:
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731:. Kingston: United Nations Environment Programme.
1306:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
633:Environmental impacts of tourism in the Caribbean
850:. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies. UNEP.
841:
839:
1311:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
531:in runoff and pathogens, such as those causing
1207:International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings
761:
759:
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725:United Nations Environment Programme (2012) .
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1456:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
1228:Office of the Spokesperson (3 January 2024).
989:GIWA Regional assessment 4: Caribbean Islands
846:United Nations Environment Programme (1983).
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1431:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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336:two weeks later while under tow, it was the
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798:. United Nations Environment Programme. n.d
436:, Annex II lists endangered and threatened
910:UN News: Global Perspective, Human Stories
623:Cruise ship pollution in the United States
176:Effective 30 days after ninth ratification
135:
1218:
855:
595:In 2011, Justice Winston Anderson of the
236:, the ninth party to do so, and has been
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
1321:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
1037:"Who we are: Regional Activity Centres"
664:
521:agricultural non-point source pollution
16:International agreement adopted in 1983
968:. United Nations Environment Programme
365:that has not been properly separated.
193:Government of the Republic of Colombia
60:Please improve this article by adding
1097:(Report). CEP Technical Report. No. 1
638:Environmental issues with coral reefs
282:Economic Commission for Latin America
7:
1066:United Nations Environment Programme
904:Corbin, Christopher (25 June 2022).
822:United Nations Environment Programme
771:United Nations Environment Programme
262:United Nations Environment Programme
1169:Anderson, Winston (30 March 2011).
1116:Colmenares, Nelson Andrade (2014).
1361:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
987:Villasol, A.; Beltrán, J. (2004).
767:"Who we are: Cartagena Convention"
14:
1421:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
885:. Caribbean Environment Programme
628:Environmental effects of shipping
605:Environmental Management Act 2000
21:Cartagena Declaration on Refugees
405:environmental impact assessments
38:
1436:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
1326:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
1316:Treaties extended to Montserrat
1220:10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687846
1119:Caribbean Environment Programme
966:Caribbean Environment Programme
286:Caribbean Environment Programme
29:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
1441:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1062:"UNEP Regional Seas Programme"
516:from water treatment systems.
450:genetically modified organisms
228:and a portion of the adjacent
1:
1446:Treaties of the United States
62:secondary or tertiary sources
728:Cartagena Convention Booklet
1406:Treaties of the Netherlands
202:English, Spanish and French
1472:
1282:. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
1276:. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
1270:. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
1264:. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
1258:. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
597:Caribbean Court of Justice
220:for the protection of the
18:
338:largest tanker spill ever
309:very large crude carriers
1234:U.S. Department of State
1041:UN Environment Programme
1010:Magnus, J. (July 2023).
497:biological oxygen demand
478:intensive animal farming
307:that occurred after two
19:Not to be confused with
1426:Treaties of Saint Lucia
1331:Treaties of the Bahamas
266:Regional Seas Programme
218:international agreement
1351:Treaties of Costa Rica
1296:Environmental treaties
818:"Cartagena Convention"
493:total suspended solids
212:, commonly called the
49:relies excessively on
1451:Treaties of Venezuela
1411:Treaties of Nicaragua
1381:Treaties of Guatemala
962:"Oils (hydrocarbons)"
1391:Treaties of Honduras
1366:Treaties of Dominica
1346:Treaties of Colombia
1336:Treaties of Barbados
893:– via Youtube.
290:Montego Bay, Jamaica
214:Cartagena Convention
137:Cartagena Convention
1396:Treaties of Jamaica
1376:Treaties of Grenada
533:waterborne diseases
519:Annex IV addresses
418:Oil Spills Protocol
370:Cartagena, Colombia
326:Trinidad and Tobago
242:Oil Spills Protocol
234:Antigua and Barbuda
159:Cartagena, Colombia
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25:Cartagena Agreement
1416:Treaties of Panama
1401:Treaties of Mexico
1386:Treaties of Guyana
1371:Treaties of France
1341:Treaties of Belize
1223:. Art. No. 687846.
857:20.500.11822/22382
394:airborne pollution
376:, and in 1999, in
298:Managua, Nicaragua
294:Caracas, Venezuela
271:Straits of Florida
738:978-92-807-3255-9
582:plastic pollution
378:Oranjestad, Aruba
374:Kingston, Jamaica
342:Ixtoc I oil spill
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590:coral reefs
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363:bilge water
114:August 2024
1301:Oil spills
1290:Categories
659:References
577:trust fund
562:Guadeloupe
556:Protocol,
539:Membership
525:pesticides
510:phosphorus
489:grey water
384:Provisions
311:, tankers
189:Depositary
84:newspapers
51:references
828:31 August
618:Caribbean
476:and from
350:blown-out
305:oil spill
199:Languages
173:Condition
165:Effective
860:. No. 26
611:See also
529:sediment
514:chlorine
506:nitrogen
485:effluent
334:Barbados
238:ratified
216:, is an
155:Location
1240:30 July
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601:CARICOM
570:Jamaica
558:Curaçao
256:History
181:Parties
98:scholar
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470:mining
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147:Signed
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332:near
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