483:
329:
45:
289:: "In a State whose nationality is not conferred by the mere fact of birth in its territory, a person born in its territory of a mother possessing the nationality of that State and of a father without nationality or of unknown nationality shall have the nationality of the said State." Over time, many signatories have adjusted their laws to ensure this rule remains true. (For example, in
149:
293:, a child born in the country acquires citizenship if any parent is a citizen). However, despite this, many cases remained ambiguous or uncovered primarily due to the fact that a person did not always receive the nationality of its parents, or was born in a certain place and not always provided citizenship of that state.
1245:
582:
Laws for the renunciation of a nationality shall be conditional upon a person's acquisition or possession of another nationality. (Exceptions: not to frustrate freedom of movement of nationals within a country, not to frustrate return of nationals to their country, not to frustrate a person's ability
561:
A person may make such a claim for nationality at least up until the age of 23. They may also be required to have a period of residence up to three years immediately prior to application. The claim may be refused where a person has been convicted of an offence against the national security of the
512:
Grant of citizenship by birth may be contingent upon the applicant's not having been convicted of an offence against national security nor having been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five years or more. Grant of citizenship by birth may be contingent upon the applicant having always been
568:
If a law entails loss of nationality, such loss shall be conditional upon the person acquiring another nationality. This only applies to loss by marriage, legitimation, divorce, recognition or adoption. A child that loses nationality by recognition or affiliation shall be given opportunity to
435:
Transfer of territory between states must occur in a manner that avoids the occurrence of statelessness for persons residing in the territory transferred. When a State acquires territory, the inhabitants of that territory presumptively acquire the nationality of that State (article
1205:
1130:
604:
Treaties providing for transfer of territory between States shall make provisions to preclude the occurrence of statelessness. Absent such provisions, a
Contracting State taking territory will give its nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, in that
1140:
589:
Contracting States shall not deprive people of their nationality so as to render them stateless. (Exceptions: where otherwise provided in the
Convention; where nationality has been acquired by misrepresentation or fraud; disloyalty to the Contracting
1225:
1110:
1095:
992:
472:
States may impose a period of residence qualification for granting nationality to persons who may be otherwise stateless. That period is a maximum five years immediately prior to application and maximum of ten years overall (article
1769:
1105:
525:
A Contracting State shall give its nationality to a person, otherwise stateless, who is legally precluded from assuming his/her birth nationality, where that State's nationality was held by either parent at the time of the
544:
For the purpose of assigning nationality, a foundling shall be considered to have been born in the State where it was found and from parents of that State's nationality. That presumption may be displaced by proof to the
1954:
1814:
575:
If a law entails loss of nationality by a spouse or child by virtue of the loss of nationality by the other spouse or a parent, such loss shall be conditional on the person's possession or acquisition of another
551:
For the purpose of determining the obligations of contracting states under this convention, birth on a ship or aircraft shall amount to birth in the territory of the State that gives its flag to that ship or
954:
509:
For grant of citizenship by birth, a
Contracting State may require proof of habitual residence in their territory for a period not exceeding 5 years immediately prior to application, or 10 years in total.
1944:
1215:
1155:
1018:
62:
1959:
1924:
1894:
687:
1774:
432:
A stateless person has some time beyond attaining adulthood to seek to claim the benefit of the
Convention. That time is always at least three years from the age of eighteen (article 1(5)).
1909:
1874:
316:, were internationally recognized identity cards first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees. In 1942 they were honored by governments in 52 countries and were the first
1779:
1024:
344:
and its immediate aftermath highlighted the international dimensions of problems presented by unprecedented volumes of displaced persons including those rendered effectively stateless.
1879:
1859:
1240:
1964:
1789:
262:
31:
1120:
558:
A Contracting State shall grant its nationality to a person, not born in its territory, if either parent had that State's nationality and the person would be otherwise stateless.
439:
Persons otherwise stateless shall be able to take the nationality of one of their parents (possibly subject to a period of prior residence not more than three years) (article 4).
896:
1884:
1150:
1062:
1041:
947:
333:
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1949:
519:
A child born in wedlock in a
Contracting State, whose mother is a national of that State, and who would otherwise be stateless, shall take the nationality of that State.
1919:
1734:
1314:
1939:
1934:
1864:
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1914:
1904:
1869:
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1444:
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429:), otherwise they may take the nationality of one of their parents (in each case possibly subject to a qualifying period of residence in that State) (article 2).
1929:
1759:
1289:
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450:
258:
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For conferral of nationality by
Article 1(4) a contracting State may impose a residence requirement not exceeding three years immediately prior to application.
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Otherwise stateless persons may take the nationality of the place of their birth or of the place where they were found (in the case of a
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Contracting States shall grant their nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, born in their territory (subject to
Article 1(2)).
128:
631:
The
Convention is not to be construed to detract from any law or treaty provision otherwise aiding the reduction of statelessness.
1589:
1529:
1349:
864:
1584:
1579:
1479:
1449:
1389:
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The
Convention applies to persons born either before or after it goes into force. (Exception: only applies to foundlings found
460:
1724:
1594:
1569:
1494:
1379:
1369:
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638:
442:
Absent circumstances of fraudulent application or disloyalty toward the contracting state, deprivations and renunciations of
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On 4 December 1954 the UN General
Assembly by Resolution adopted both drafts as the basis of its desire for a conference of
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1684:
1674:
1634:
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The Convention applies to all trust, non-self-governing, colonial, and non-metropolitan territories of Contracting States.
466:
Disloyal or certain criminal conduct may limit an individual's ability to avail the benefit of the Convention (article 8).
102:
381:
The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was done on 28 July 1951. It was originally desired to cover 'refugees
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The Room of the United Nations General Assembly where Resolution was passed in 1949 which inspired the adoption of the
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shall only take effect where a person has or subsequently obtains another nationality in replacement (article 8).
1191:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
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United Nations Headquarters, New York. Site of the completion of the Statelessness Reduction Convention in 1961
269:
who are not refugees and therefore not within the scope of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees.
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538:
For conferral of nationality by Article 1(4) it may be required that the applicant has always been stateless.
17:
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1008:
506:
An applicant may have up until at least the age of 21 to claim their citizenship by birth from article 1(1).
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evidencing nationality to persons, otherwise stateless, having a claim of nationality under the convention.
374:" in its list of topics of international law provisionally selected for codification. At the behest of the
1339:
1226:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
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358:
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
637:
Disputes by Contracting States concerning the Convention are susceptible to final adjudication by the
482:
388:
The International Law Commission at its fifth session in 1953 produced both a Draft Convention on the
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987:
1284:
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on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
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The grant may be by virtue of the birth, or upon application by or on behalf of the person so born.
363:
250:
1304:
1131:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
469:
The benefit of the Convention may be claimed by guardians on behalf of children (article 1(1)).
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426:
305:
304:, was internationally in charge of refugees from war areas from 1930 to 1939. It received the
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reacquire by written application under terms not more rigorous than provided by Article 1(2).
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399:
The 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons was done in September 1954 (
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900:
454:
407:
313:
932:
792:
422:"Stateless birth" on their territory attracts the grant of their nationality (article 1).
905:
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1141:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
1333:
856:
745:
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532:
An applicant has until at least the age of 23 to claim a nationality by Article 1(4).
266:
254:
189:
1136:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
403:). This completed the unfinished work of the Refugee Convention three years prior.
1246:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
667:
654:
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Nationality will not be deprived on racial, ethnic, political or religious grounds.
385:
stateless persons'; however, agreement was not reached with respect to the latter.
341:
336:
in 1954 and the completion of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
328:
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
758:
928:
Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
927:
716:
707:
443:
44:
993:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
463:
may attract the nationality of the flag of that vessel or craft (article 3).
286:
915:
832:"States Parties to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness"
148:
911:
Declarations and Reservations to the Convention as of 20 September 2006
712:
378:(ECOSOC) in its 11th Session soon after, that item was given priority.
801:
1111:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
805:
692:
674:
to the convention. In comparison, 145 countries have ratified the
612:
481:
327:
1770:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
1269:
1172:
1080:
974:
936:
324:
Background to UN action addressing the problem of statelessness
1156:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1019:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
257:. The Convention was originally intended as a Protocol to the
38:
1955:
Treaties extended to British Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1815:
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
688:
1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
746:
Nationality Matters: Statelessness under International Law
253:
whereby sovereign states agree to reduce the incidence of
1025:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
392:
of Future Statelessness, and a Draft Convention on the
794:
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
759:"Protocol Relating to a Certain Case of Statelessness"
396:
of Future Statelessness. ECOSOC approved both drafts.
263:
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
32:
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
1945:
Treaties extended to Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1121:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1037:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
1216:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1151:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1042:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
334:
Convention Regarding the Status of Stateless Persons
279:
Protocol relating to a Certain Case of Statelessness
1960:
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
1925:
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
235:
227:
219:
211:
203:
195:
185:
177:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1895:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate
1775:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
1910:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
1875:Treaties extended to British Antigua and Barbuda
1315:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
830:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
414:How the convention works to reduce statelessness
277:One case of statelessness was identified in the
1780:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
1031:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
340:Migrations due to political instability during
283:League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930
164: states that have signed, but not ratified
1880:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
1860:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1146:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
239:Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish
78:"Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness"
1965:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
1790:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
1290:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
948:
676:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
451:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
259:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
18:Convention on the Reductions of Statelessness
8:
1300:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
1186:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
924:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
247:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
142:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
141:
1885:Treaties extended to the Colony of Barbados
1295:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
1116:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
1266:
1169:
1077:
1052:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1004:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
971:
955:
941:
933:
376:United Nations Economic and Social Council
140:
1750:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
1420:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
977:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
490:There are 21 Articles, summarised below:
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1950:Treaties extended to British Saint Lucia
1206:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
703:Nansen International Office for Refugees
478:Substantive provisions of the convention
355:Everyone has the right to a nationality.
298:Nansen International Office For Refugees
1920:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
1735:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
737:
615:to claim the benefit of the Convention.
231:Secretary-General of the United Nations
27:1961 United Nations multilateral treaty
1940:Treaties extended to British Mauritius
1935:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
1865:Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
1855:Treaties extended to French Somaliland
1845:Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
1795:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
1560:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1014:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
964:International human rights instruments
366:Session in October–December 1949, the
1915:Treaties extended to British Dominica
1905:Treaties extended to British Honduras
1870:Treaties extended to the New Hebrides
1820:Treaties extended to French Polynesia
1445:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
1126:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1063:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
998:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
349:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7:
1930:Treaties extended to British Grenada
1760:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
773:from the original on 19 January 2022
67:adding citations to reliable sources
1975:Treaties extended to French Algeria
1900:Treaties extended to British Guiana
1810:Treaties extended to French Comoros
1405:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
1360:Treaties entered into force in 1975
1233:American Convention on Human Rights
922:and procedural history note on the
273:Statelessness prior to World War II
1850:Treaties extended to New Caledonia
1805:Treaties extended to French Guiana
1415:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1211:European Convention on Nationality
867:from the original on 11 April 2022
727:European Convention on Nationality
418:In respect of contracting states:
25:
1655:Treaties of SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1201:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
461:Birth on a sea vessel or aircraft
370:included the topic "Nationality,
170: states that have not signed
1980:Treaties extended to West Berlin
147:
43:
1890:Treaties extended to Basutoland
1830:Treaties extended to Martinique
1825:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
1765:Treaties extended to Montserrat
666:As of May 2021, 76 states have
364:United Nations General Assembly
347:Dating from December 1948, the
54:needs additional citations for
1800:Treaties extended to Greenland
1755:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
1710:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1460:Treaties of the Czech Republic
1273:International humanitarian law
639:International Court of Justice
312:, designed in 1922 by founder
1:
1740:Treaties extended to Guernsey
1485:Treaties of Georgia (country)
1241:to Prevent and Punish Torture
857:"The 1951 Refugee Convention"
744:van Waas, Laura Ellen. Laura
1970:Treaties extended to Tokelau
1840:Treaties extended to RĂ©union
1835:Treaties extended to Mayotte
1730:Treaties extended to Bermuda
894:Signatures and ratifications
410:and an eventual Convention.
368:International Law Commission
351:at Article 15 affirms that:
1745:Treaties extended to Jersey
1610:Treaties of the Netherlands
1996:
1785:Treaties extended to Aruba
1355:Treaties concluded in 1961
1237:Inter-American Convention
1101:Convention against Torture
291:Australian nationality law
29:
1565:Treaties of Liechtenstein
1280:
1265:
1181:
1168:
1091:
1076:
983:
970:
906:Map showing State Parties
653:Process of signature and
611:Persons may apply to the
300:, an organization of the
249:is a 1961 United Nations
146:
1700:Treaties of Turkmenistan
1670:Treaties of Sierra Leone
1490:Treaties of West Germany
1345:Human rights instruments
899:27 December 2010 at the
318:refugee travel documents
30:Not to be confused with
1590:Treaties of New Zealand
1530:Treaties of Ivory Coast
1350:United Nations treaties
1009:Declaration of Montreal
372:including statelessness
1585:Treaties of Mozambique
1580:Treaties of Montenegro
1480:Treaties of the Gambia
1450:Treaties of Costa Rica
1390:Treaties of Azerbaijan
487:
337:
1725:1961 in New York City
1595:Treaties of Nicaragua
1570:Treaties of Lithuania
1495:Treaties of Guatemala
1380:Treaties of Australia
1370:Treaties of Argentina
1058:Yogyakarta Principles
485:
401:The Status Convention
331:
265:was adopted to cover
1720:Nationality treaties
1685:Treaties of Eswatini
1675:Treaties of Slovakia
1635:Treaties of Portugal
1625:Treaties of Paraguay
1540:Treaties of Kiribati
1510:Treaties of Honduras
1440:Treaties of Colombia
1425:Treaties of Bulgaria
988:Brazilian Resolution
889:Full Convention text
158: states parties
63:improve this article
1715:Treaties of Uruguay
1705:Treaties of Ukraine
1695:Treaties of Tunisia
1660:Treaties of Senegal
1650:Treaties of Moldova
1640:Treaties of Romania
1605:Treaties of Nigeria
1555:Treaties of Liberia
1550:Treaties of Lesotho
1535:Treaties of Jamaica
1520:Treaties of Ireland
1515:Treaties of Hungary
1475:Treaties of Finland
1470:Treaties of Ecuador
1465:Treaties of Denmark
1455:Treaties of Croatia
1410:Treaties of Bolivia
1395:Treaties of Belgium
1385:Treaties of Austria
1375:Treaties of Armenia
1365:Treaties of Albania
1285:Genocide Convention
920:Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
453:(UNHCR) will issue
251:multilateral treaty
143:
1690:Treaties of Sweden
1665:Treaties of Serbia
1645:Treaties of Rwanda
1620:Treaties of Panama
1615:Treaties of Norway
1545:Treaties of Latvia
1500:Treaties of Guinea
1430:Treaties of Canada
1400:Treaties of Belize
1305:Geneva Conventions
662:Contracting states
488:
338:
1680:Treaties of Spain
1600:Treaties of Niger
1525:Treaties of Italy
1505:Treaties of Haiti
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1310:Hague Conventions
1261:
1260:
1164:
1163:
1084:International law
1072:
1071:
916:Introductory note
767:League of Nations
625:going into force)
408:plenipotentiaries
306:Nobel Peace Prize
302:League of Nations
267:stateless persons
261:, while the 1954
243:
242:
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
1987:
1630:Treaties of Peru
1575:Treaties of Mali
1435:Treaties of Chad
1267:
1170:
1078:
1047:Paris Principles
972:
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950:
943:
934:
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455:travel documents
310:Nansen passports
199:13 December 1975
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885:
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583:to seek asylum)
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314:Fridtjof Nansen
308:in 1938. Their
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207:6 ratifications
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775:. Retrieved
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655:ratification
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529:Article 1(5)
522:Article 1(4)
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61:Please help
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841:16 January
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228:Depositary
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769:. 1930 .
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572:Article 6
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548:Article 3
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541:Article 2
427:foundling
394:Reduction
287:The Hague
236:Languages
204:Condition
196:Effective
1065:(UNDROP)
1033:(UNDRIP)
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682:See also
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186:Location
1027:(DEVAW)
1021:(DEDAW)
926:in the
808:. 1954.
713:Refugee
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281:at the
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