43:
4309:
151:
1531:
378:
In the general principle of international law, treaties in force are binding upon the parties to it and must be performed in good faith. Countries that have ratified the
Refugee Convention are obliged to protect refugees that are on their territory in accordance with its terms. There are a number of
318:
or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable
456:
refugees to the country they have fled from (Article 33). It is widely accepted that the prohibition of forcible return is part of customary international law. This means that even states that are not party to the 1951 Refugee
Convention must respect the principle of non-refoulement. Therefore,
1491:
1416:
394:
exempt refugees from reciprocity (Article 7): That means that the granting of a right to a refugee should not be subject to the granting of similar treatment by the refugee's country of nationality, because refugees do not enjoy the protection of their home
1426:
334:
Several groups have built upon the 1951 Convention to create a more objective definition. While their terms differ from those of the 1951 Convention, the convention has significantly shaped the new, more objective definitions. They include the 1969
1511:
4040:
1396:
3152:
3122:
1381:
1278:
445:
impose penalties on refugees who entered illegally in search of asylum if they present themselves without delay (Article 31), which is commonly interpreted to mean that their unlawful entry and presence ought not to be prosecuted at
5113:
3137:
2926:
1391:
4543:
293:
are parties only to the
Protocol. Since the US ratified the Protocol in 1968, it undertook a majority of the obligations spelled out in the original 1951 document (Articles 2-34), and Article 1 as amended in the Protocol, as
214:
The rights created by the
Convention generally still stand today. Some have argued that the complex nature of 21st century refugee relationships calls for a new treaty that recognizes the evolving nature of the nation-state,
336:
5223:
5288:
534:(UNHCR) has supervisory responsibilities but cannot enforce the convention, and there is no formal mechanism for individuals to file complaints. The Convention specifies that complaints should be referred to the
5153:
2622:
3690:
5183:
3748:
3738:
1240:
675:
602:
2862:
1501:
1441:
1304:
554:
2617:
211:, which recognizes the right of persons to seek asylum from persecution in other countries. A refugee may enjoy rights and benefits in a state in addition to those provided for in the convention.
5203:
5188:
323:
With the passage of time and the emergence of new refugee situations, the need was increasingly felt to make the provisions of the 1951 Convention applicable to such new refugees. As a result, a
247:, legal questions, labour conditions, industrial accidents, welfare and relief, education, fiscal regime and exemption from reciprocity, and provided for the creation of committees for refugees.
4808:
870:
5233:
236:
5243:
3412:
2993:
2327:
997:
UNHCR. "LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS REFUGIADOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: PROTECCION Y SOLUCIONES BAJO EL ENFOQUE PRAGMÁTICO DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CARTAGENA SOBRE LOS REFUGIADOS DE 1984". 2004 (in
Spanish).
5248:
5163:
4988:
3040:
1890:
2114:
265:
removed the time limits and applied to refugees "without any geographic limitation" but declarations previously made by parties to the convention on geographic scope were grandfathered.
4159:
2688:
1310:
4678:
4373:
5328:
5258:
5213:
5148:
1526:
5238:
4498:
4154:
2632:
2424:
587:
327:
was prepared, and entered into force on 4 October 1967. The UNHCR is called upon to provide international protection to refugees falling within its competence. The
Protocol defined
4983:
2627:
1406:
5158:
3357:
1436:
1348:
1327:
1233:
546:
5253:
4963:
683:
4918:
5108:
4448:
4025:
3587:
2832:
2190:
4483:
3720:
3577:
3065:
2775:
2185:
1637:
550:
5208:
5178:
4289:
3101:
2648:
1600:
314:
As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
5338:
5333:
5283:
5273:
5198:
5143:
4883:
4608:
1471:
1316:
1226:
370:
Scholars have started to consider this definition unsuitable for contemporary society, where for example environmental refugees are not captured in the definition.
878:
5298:
5263:
5218:
5173:
4508:
3362:
2978:
2590:
2585:
2320:
1431:
5138:
2807:
2787:
2571:
1151:
531:
254:
conference on 28 July 1951, and entered into force on 22 April 1954. It was initially limited to protecting
European refugees from before 1 January 1951 (after
422:
cooperate with the UNHCR (Article 35) in the exercise of its functions and help the UNHCR to supervise the implementation of the provisions in the convention.
5278:
5268:
5168:
5123:
5083:
4428:
4353:
4284:
4035:
3743:
3142:
3132:
1657:
1585:
20:
5318:
5293:
5193:
4563:
4438:
4045:
3685:
3337:
2998:
1895:
1580:
1401:
324:
262:
58:
4978:
4928:
4643:
4468:
3896:
3493:
3372:
3127:
3030:
2770:
2602:
1337:
1289:
705:
331:
to mean any person within the 1951 Convention definition as if the words "As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and ..." were omitted.
5343:
4593:
2313:
1872:
1386:
1332:
1092:
639:
568:
in the press, and 2) verbal condemnation of the violator by the UN and by other nations. To date, those have not proven to be significant deterrents.
4066:
2169:
5323:
5308:
5303:
5228:
5118:
5033:
4958:
4378:
4081:
3733:
3695:
3352:
3070:
2812:
2364:
1770:
1764:
227:(non-returning of refugees to dangerous countries) (Article 33) are still applied today, with the 1951 Convention being the source of such rights.
5103:
5068:
4538:
2842:
2580:
2576:
2129:
137:
3045:
461:. If this principle is threatened, UNHCR can respond by intervening with relevant authorities and, if it deems necessary, will inform the public.
5128:
4623:
4583:
3013:
2837:
2673:
1824:
1299:
1249:
5353:
5313:
4858:
4176:
3220:
1878:
1630:
1411:
1283:
633:
208:
3050:
5133:
5018:
4873:
4823:
4106:
3926:
3641:
2007:
4131:
3215:
2550:
4533:
4348:
3636:
2886:
2713:
2653:
2244:
1866:
1854:
1848:
1518:
1486:
1126:
428:
settle disputes they may have with other contracting states at the
International Court of Justice if not otherwise possible (Article 38)
4748:
4658:
4101:
3855:
3518:
2827:
2124:
1595:
1496:
193:
and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The convention also sets out which people do not qualify as refugees, such as
5048:
4968:
4943:
4688:
4668:
4633:
4628:
4458:
4338:
3839:
2988:
1322:
1078:
2073:
5008:
4888:
4828:
4578:
4518:
4408:
4358:
4343:
3185:
3075:
2708:
2485:
2336:
2200:
1860:
1776:
1758:
1683:
1623:
826:
Treaty Series – Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the
Secretariat of the United Nations
3096:
3091:
5023:
5013:
4938:
4933:
4798:
4783:
4763:
4758:
4728:
4718:
4618:
4513:
4403:
4192:
4020:
3829:
3651:
3195:
2956:
2894:
2738:
2414:
2164:
4076:
4833:
4753:
4648:
4393:
4383:
3916:
3789:
3646:
3535:
3486:
3347:
2910:
2852:
2068:
1558:
1369:
535:
3804:
1536:
921:
398:
be able to take provisional measures against a refugee if needed in the interest of essential national security (Article 9)
5093:
5073:
4998:
4993:
4953:
4948:
4863:
4673:
4558:
4553:
4503:
4473:
4453:
4443:
3608:
3397:
3281:
3147:
3003:
2870:
2154:
2099:
1830:
1735:
401:
respect a refugee's personal status and the rights that come with it, particularly rights related to marriage (Article 12)
340:
998:
5098:
5078:
5063:
5038:
4923:
4898:
4893:
4843:
4813:
4803:
4743:
4738:
4708:
4693:
4683:
4603:
4588:
4568:
4548:
4523:
4463:
4433:
4418:
4413:
4398:
4388:
4368:
4363:
4269:
4197:
3943:
3824:
2847:
2780:
2658:
2294:
2139:
2134:
1953:
1818:
1806:
1788:
1782:
1646:
874:
679:
425:
provide information on any national legislation they may adopt to ensure the application of the convention (Article 36).
4111:
4071:
5088:
5058:
5053:
5043:
5003:
4908:
4903:
4878:
4853:
4848:
4793:
4788:
4768:
4733:
4698:
4653:
4528:
4478:
4423:
3784:
3656:
2728:
2282:
2144:
2078:
2043:
1012:"Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration"
4973:
4913:
4838:
4818:
4778:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4663:
4638:
4613:
4573:
4493:
4274:
3891:
3865:
3834:
3417:
3407:
3392:
3286:
3271:
3167:
2723:
2480:
2429:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2289:
2195:
2119:
592:
5028:
4868:
4773:
4598:
4488:
4243:
4212:
3814:
3710:
3631:
3479:
3157:
2750:
2525:
1698:
542:
2520:
154:
5348:
4116:
4091:
3769:
3459:
3387:
3210:
2760:
2733:
2668:
2419:
2083:
2058:
1477:
Protocol to the
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
1382:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
4222:
3530:
3205:
2612:
2607:
2530:
2515:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2475:
2454:
2439:
2038:
1506:
1294:
597:
558:
457:
states are obligated under the convention and under customary international law to respect the principle of
315:
198:
1067:
4202:
4030:
3779:
3453:
2878:
2272:
2159:
2109:
2104:
2017:
1923:
1720:
1715:
1969:
1512:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
4207:
4164:
4086:
4004:
3764:
3571:
2940:
2683:
2678:
2444:
2053:
1730:
1710:
1343:
348:
278:
220:
1884:
442:
expect refugees to pay taxes and fiscal charges that are different from those of nationals (Article 29)
2305:
258:), but states could make a declaration that the provisions would apply to refugees from other places.
3933:
3799:
3700:
3332:
3302:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3008:
2983:
2063:
1992:
1725:
1421:
1273:
2555:
824:
782:
204:
This convention was enshrined in Article 78 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
4217:
3881:
3565:
3241:
2948:
2718:
2505:
2369:
2267:
1959:
1812:
1794:
1742:
1570:
1537:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
439:
take exceptional measures against a refugee solely on account of his or her nationality (Article 8)
182:
42:
3774:
3582:
3246:
3035:
2817:
2277:
2048:
2012:
1842:
1836:
1590:
1189:
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
1039:
805:
608:
4308:
1417:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
4333:
4294:
4121:
3969:
3728:
3402:
3377:
3256:
3236:
3060:
2903:
2765:
2222:
2149:
1965:
1705:
1688:
1074:
1031:
937:
823:"No. 8791 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Done at New York, on 31 January 1967".
757:
753:
741:
644:
742:"The New Refugees and the Old Treaty: Persecutors and Persecuted in the Twenty-First Century"
4126:
3979:
3513:
3502:
3367:
3342:
3018:
2449:
2434:
2234:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1800:
1693:
1678:
1201:
1184:
1023:
797:
295:
216:
4169:
3984:
3974:
3525:
3382:
3307:
2535:
2262:
2212:
2207:
1673:
1476:
1175:
925:
628:
618:
582:
557:, but no one has ever done so in regard to violations of the convention. Nations may levy
458:
453:
356:
273:
As of 20 January 2020, there were 146 parties to the convention, and 147 to the Protocol.
240:
224:
190:
1218:
1011:
854:
4279:
4253:
4096:
3999:
3794:
3432:
3422:
3190:
2918:
2545:
833:
565:
521:
the right to free movement and free choice of residence within the country (Article 26)
251:
239:, of 28 October 1933, which dealt with administrative measures such as the issuance of
179:
27:
1427:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
999:
http://www.oas.org/DIL/xxxiv/Documentos/Juan%20Carlos%20Murillo/JCMurillo.DOCUME~1.DOC
4327:
3312:
2933:
2002:
1997:
1975:
1043:
809:
623:
577:
352:
344:
286:
1422:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
1197:
4313:
4248:
4238:
4149:
3994:
3860:
3560:
3437:
3200:
2540:
2022:
1532:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
419:
provide the possibility of assimilation and naturalization to refugees (Article 34)
255:
1392:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
1010:
Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Nardon, Luciara (April 2020).
476:
the respect and protection of artistic rights and industrial property (Article 14)
1192:
1157:
Handbook and guidelines on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status
917:
3964:
3809:
3153:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
2663:
2597:
2251:
1193:
Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1155:
613:
244:
94:
1615:
3427:
1213:
1210:
Forced Migration – The Evolution of International Refugee Law and Organization
801:
282:
274:
158:
1279:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1214:
Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1180:
1035:
986:
Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees of 31 January 1967 – English text
900:
706:"Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union"
3989:
3959:
3938:
3162:
3117:
2510:
2459:
364:
290:
194:
2623:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
973:
961:
3055:
3023:
2755:
2745:
2239:
197:. The convention also provides for some visa-free travel for holders of
2257:
2227:
1947:
1917:
1911:
1027:
985:
337:
Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
307:
186:
652:
Refugee, as per the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
3705:
3413:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
2821:
2633:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
2628:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
503:
the right of association in unions or other associations (Article 15)
360:
351:, while nonbinding, also sets out regional standards for refugees in
90:
1127:"Crikey clarifier: does Australia's refugee policy breach UN rules?"
3471:
1397:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
379:
provisions to which parties to the Refugee Convention must adhere.
3921:
3886:
3819:
2618:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
5114:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4050:
3600:
938:"What is a Refugee? Definition and Meaning | USA for UNHCR"
386:
abide by the national laws of the contracting states (Article 2)
223:, and modern warfare. Nevertheless, ideas like the principle of
3475:
2689:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
2309:
1619:
1555:
1458:
1366:
1260:
1222:
603:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2649:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1442:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1305:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
649:
555:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
5224:
Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
5289:
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
4544:
Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)
783:"On the history of the international protection of refugees"
564:
At present, the only real consequences of violation are 1)
407:
provide administrative assistance for refugees (Article 25)
237:
Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees
5154:
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
1187:, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the
189:
is and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted
1891:
List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea
730:
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 5.
1311:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
1070:
Refugee protection: A Guide to International Refugee Law
207:
The Refugee Convention builds on Article 14 of the 1948
5184:
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
404:
provide free access to courts for refugees (Article 16)
588:
Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
2654:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1407:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1323:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
1206:
International Migration Law – A General Introduction
916:
United Nations High Commission for Refugees. (2012).
319:
or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.
26:"CRSR" redirects here. For the American company, see
3358:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
1502:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1437:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1328:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
547:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
416:
allow refugees to transfer their assets (Article 30)
5204:
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
5189:
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
4262:
4231:
4185:
4140:
4059:
4013:
3952:
3909:
3874:
3848:
3757:
3719:
3678:
3669:
3622:
3598:
3551:
3544:
3446:
3321:
3295:
3229:
3176:
3110:
3084:
2967:
2861:
2796:
2701:
2641:
2564:
2468:
2402:
2378:
2357:
2344:
2178:
2092:
2031:
1985:
1904:
1751:
1666:
561:against violators, but no nation has ever done so.
488:
labour legislation and social security (Article 24)
143:
133:
116:
108:
100:
86:
78:
5234:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate
3588:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
2191:European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis
413:provide travel documents for refugees (Article 28)
5244:Treaties extended to the British Windward Islands
2186:Migration and asylum policy of the European Union
2115:2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
901:"The International Dimension of U.S. Refugee Law"
551:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
410:provide identity papers for refugees (Article 27)
5249:Treaties extended to the British Leeward Islands
5164:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
4989:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan
4290:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
3102:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
1601:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
974:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2011
962:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2011
538:. It appears that no nation has ever done this.
512:practice of the liberal professions (Article 19)
4809:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique
1317:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
530:There is no body that monitors compliance. The
312:
235:Prior to the 1951 document, there was agreed a
5329:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5259:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
5214:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar
5149:Treaties extended to the Nauru Trust Territory
3363:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
3041:List of people deported from the United States
1432:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
1093:"The Problem with the Prosecution of Refugees"
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
473:freedom to practice their religion (Article 4)
5239:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
3487:
2788:Trump administration family separation policy
2321:
2218:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1631:
1576:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1234:
1114:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
857:States Parties to the Convention and Protocol
541:An individual may lodge a complaint with the
532:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
518:education higher than elementary (Article 22)
168:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
36:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
8:
4984:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4285:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
2838:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1658:Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis
1586:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
1472:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
871:"Chapter V – Refugees and Stateless Persons"
676:"Chapter V – Refugees and Stateless Persons"
35:
21:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
5159:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)
4679:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
4374:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
3338:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
1896:List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe
1581:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
1402:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
1152:United Nations High Commission for Refugees
1016:International Journal of Management Reviews
907:, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, 1997
500:movable and immovable property (Article 13)
325:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
5254:Treaties extended to the Colony of Jamaica
4964:Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic
4499:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
3897:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
3675:
3548:
3494:
3480:
3472:
3373:Federation for American Immigration Reform
2354:
2328:
2314:
2306:
1638:
1624:
1616:
1552:
1455:
1363:
1338:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1290:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
1257:
1241:
1227:
1219:
776:
774:
281:are parties only to the convention, while
34:
5109:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
4449:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
3148:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
3143:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
3133:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
3076:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
2833:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2603:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1873:2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster
1263:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
670:
668:
666:
640:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
485:public relief and assistance (Article 23)
436:discriminate against refugees (Article 3)
250:The convention was approved at a special
51: Parties to only the 1951 Convention
4484:Treaties of the Central African Republic
3353:Center for Migration Studies of New York
2496:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
2365:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1771:2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck
1765:2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck
1492:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
492:Refugees shall be treated at least like
465:Refugees shall be treated at least like
5209:Treaties extended to British Somaliland
5179:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
3287:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
2843:Executive Office for Immigration Review
2130:2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum
662:
138:Secretary-General of the United Nations
5339:Treaties extended to Southern Rhodesia
5334:Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
5284:Treaties extended to French Somaliland
5274:Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
5199:Treaties extended to British Mauritius
5144:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
4884:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)
4609:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
3303:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1825:November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks
1300:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
1250:International human rights instruments
1095:. University of Oxford, Faculty of Law
710:Official Journal of the European Union
374:Rights and responsibilities of parties
306:Article 1 of the Convention defines a
5299:Treaties extended to French Polynesia
5264:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
5219:Treaties extended to British Honduras
5174:Treaties extended to British Dominica
4509:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
2551:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
2170:2021–present Belarus–EU border crisis
1948:Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention
1879:2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster
1412:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1349:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
1284:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
790:International Review of the Red Cross
634:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
209:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7:
5139:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
3927:The State of the Humanitarian System
3272:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
2577:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
2008:Lampedusa immigrant reception center
746:Chicago Journal of International Law
506:wage-earning employment (Article 17)
5279:Treaties extended to French Comoros
5269:Treaties extended to French Algeria
5169:Treaties extended to British Cyprus
5124:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island
5084:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic
4429:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
4354:Treaties entered into force in 1954
2958:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
2928:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2813:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2415:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
2245:European Border Surveillance System
1867:2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster
1855:2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters
1849:2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster
1519:American Convention on Human Rights
1176:Full text of the Convention (UNHCR)
5319:Treaties extended to New Caledonia
5294:Treaties extended to French Guiana
5194:Treaties extended to British Kenya
4564:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
4439:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
4177:The State of the World's Cash 2020
4102:Central African Republic Civil War
3046:Mexico–United States border crisis
2828:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2125:Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher
1497:European Convention on Nationality
781:Jaeger, Gilbert (September 2001).
16:United Nations multilateral treaty
14:
4979:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
4929:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
4919:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
4644:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
4469:Treaties of the State of Cambodia
3840:Koyamada International Foundation
3267:"Streamline" (2005–present)
2989:Central American migrant caravans
2536:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1487:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
482:elementary education (Article 22)
432:The contracting states shall not
176:Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951
5344:Treaties extended to West Berlin
4594:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
4307:
3051:Mexico–United States border wall
2526:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
2337:Immigration to the United States
2201:European Union Agency for Asylum
1861:2023 Libya migrant boats sinking
1759:May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck
149:
41:
5309:Treaties extended to Martinique
5304:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
5229:Treaties extended to Basutoland
5119:Treaties extended to Montserrat
5034:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
4959:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
4379:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
4193:Attacks on humanitarian workers
3652:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
2808:Department of Homeland Security
740:Schoenholtz, Andrew I. (2015).
5104:Treaties extended to Greenland
5069:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4539:Treaties of the Czech Republic
4208:Health Care In Danger Campaign
4107:Western African Ebola outbreak
3790:International Rescue Committee
3647:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
3536:International humanitarian law
3348:Center for Immigration Studies
3277:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
3262:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
2912:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
2853:Office of Refugee Resettlement
2608:American Homecoming Act (1989)
2069:North Macedonia border barrier
1559:International humanitarian law
1091:Yewa Holiday (24 March 2017).
877:. 22 July 2013. Archived from
682:. 22 July 2013. Archived from
536:International Court of Justice
1:
5129:Treaties extended to Guernsey
4624:Treaties of Georgia (country)
4584:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
4155:Sexual exploitation and abuse
4031:German Federal Foreign Office
3609:History of the United Nations
3398:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
3242:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
3004:Eugenics in the United States
2155:Murder of Pamela Mastropietro
2100:Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray
1944:(EU Navfor Med, 2015–present)
1831:2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks
1736:African immigration to Europe
1527:to Prevent and Punish Torture
390:The contracting states shall
341:Organisation of African Unity
201:issued under the convention.
5354:Treaties concluded in Geneva
5324:Treaties extended to Réunion
5314:Treaties extended to Mayotte
4859:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
4270:2015 European migrant crisis
4198:Aid Worker Security Database
4072:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
3944:Global Humanitarian Overview
3066:Illegal immigrant population
2848:Board of Immigration Appeals
2684:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
2679:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
2572:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
2486:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
2295:Valletta Summit on Migration
2165:Murder of Desirée Mariottini
2140:2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot
2135:2016 Reutlingen knife attack
2074:Norway–Russia border barrier
1954:Migrant Offshore Aid Station
1819:2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck
1807:Burgenland corpses discovery
1789:2014 Libya migrant shipwreck
1783:2014 Malta migrant shipwreck
1647:2015 European migrant crisis
875:United Nations Treaty Series
680:United Nations Treaty Series
509:self-employment (Article 18)
5134:Treaties extended to Jersey
5019:Treaties of North Macedonia
4874:Treaties of the Philippines
4824:Treaties of the Netherlands
3785:International Medical Corps
3657:Humanitarian Cluster System
3282:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
3257:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
3128:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
3118:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
3097:Canada–United States border
3092:Mexico–United States border
2659:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
2521:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
2283:Schengen Information System
2145:Murder of Maria Ladenburger
905:15 Berkeley J. Int'l. Law 1
449:expel refugees (Article 32)
219:, population displacement,
5370:
4534:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
4349:Treaties concluded in 1951
4275:Detention Centres in Libya
4160:Core Humanitarian Standard
3892:Network for Refugee Voices
3866:Global Refugee-Led Network
3418:Negative Population Growth
3408:National Immigration Forum
3393:Migration Policy Institute
3168:US Citizenship Act of 2021
2724:Temporary protected status
2506:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
2196:European Asylum Curriculum
2120:Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen
1523:Inter-American Convention
1387:Convention against Torture
1081:, retrieved 19 August 2015
593:Global Compact on Refugees
57: Parties to only the
25:
18:
4749:Treaties of Liechtenstein
4659:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
4303:
4244:International development
4213:Kunduz hospital airstrike
3815:Norwegian Refugee Council
3632:World Humanitarian Summit
3509:
2751:Security Advisory Opinion
1752:Migrant vehicle incidents
1653:
1566:
1551:
1467:
1454:
1377:
1362:
1269:
1256:
802:10.1017/S1560775500119285
543:UN Human Rights Committee
296:"supreme Law of the Land"
148:
40:
5049:Treaties of Turkmenistan
4969:Treaties of South Africa
4944:Treaties of Sierra Leone
4689:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
4669:Treaties of the Holy See
4634:Treaties of East Germany
4629:Treaties of West Germany
4459:Treaties of Burkina Faso
4339:Human rights instruments
4117:South Sudanese Civil War
4092:2011 East Africa drought
3805:Médecins Sans Frontières
3770:Catholic Relief Services
3460:Missing in Brooks County
3388:Mexicans Without Borders
2888:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
2761:National Origins Formula
2445:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
2420:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2084:Slovenian border barrier
2059:Hungarian border barrier
2044:Bulgarian border barrier
1857:(March & April 2023)
1667:Refugees and immigration
920:. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
860:, retrieved 15 July 2010
199:refugee travel documents
19:Not to be confused with
5009:Treaties of Switzerland
4889:Treaties of South Korea
4829:Treaties of New Zealand
4579:Treaties of El Salvador
4519:Treaties of Ivory Coast
4409:Treaties of the Bahamas
4359:Treaties of Afghanistan
4344:United Nations treaties
4223:Dolo hospital airstrike
4067:Chinese Famine of 1870s
3614:1951 Refugee Convention
3531:Humanitarian principles
2739:Central American Minors
2669:Secure Fence Act (2006)
2531:Nationality Act of 1940
2481:Naturalization Act 1906
2455:Immigration Act of 1891
2440:Immigration Act of 1882
2430:Naturalization Act 1870
2410:Naturalization Law 1802
2386:Naturalization Act 1790
2290:Turkey's migrant crisis
2039:Austrian border barrier
1295:Declaration of Montreal
598:Impediment to expulsion
559:international sanctions
316:particular social group
172:1951 Refugee Convention
155:1951 Refugee Convention
5024:Treaties of East Timor
5014:Treaties of Tajikistan
4939:Treaties of Seychelles
4934:Treaties of Yugoslavia
4799:Treaties of Montenegro
4784:Treaties of Mauritania
4764:Treaties of Madagascar
4759:Treaties of Luxembourg
4729:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
4719:Treaties of Kazakhstan
4619:Treaties of the Gambia
4514:Treaties of Costa Rica
4404:Treaties of Azerbaijan
4203:World Humanitarian Day
4077:Ethiopian famine 1980s
3910:Analysis and reporting
3780:Danish Refugee Council
3758:International agencies
3454:Borderland (TV series)
3308:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
2781:Unaccompanied children
2556:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
2346:Relevant colonial era,
2273:Migrants around Calais
2160:2018 Chemnitz protests
2110:2015 Corsican protests
2105:2015 Geldermalsen riot
2079:Poland–Belarus barrier
2018:Migrants around Calais
1924:Operation Mare Nostrum
1721:Immigration to Germany
1716:Immigration to Romania
479:rationing (Article 20)
321:
221:environmental migrants
4834:Treaties of Nicaragua
4754:Treaties of Lithuania
4649:Treaties of Guatemala
4394:Treaties of Australia
4384:Treaties of Argentina
4165:Sphere (organization)
4087:2010 Haiti earthquake
4005:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
3765:Action Against Hunger
3739:The Federation (IFRC)
3572:A Memory of Solferino
3031:Immigration reduction
2942:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
2546:War Brides Act (1945)
2425:14th Amendment (1868)
2054:Calais border barrier
1731:Immigration to Greece
1711:Immigration to Europe
1344:Yogyakarta Principles
1165:(HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 3)
349:Cartagena Declaration
302:Definition of refugee
279:Saint Kitts and Nevis
66: Parties to both
5094:Treaties of Zimbabwe
5074:Treaties of Tanzania
4999:Treaties of Eswatini
4994:Treaties of Suriname
4954:Treaties of Slovenia
4949:Treaties of Slovakia
4864:Treaties of Paraguay
4674:Treaties of Honduras
4559:Treaties of Dominica
4554:Treaties of Djibouti
4504:Treaties of Colombia
4474:Treaties of Cameroon
4454:Treaties of Bulgaria
4444:Treaties of Botswana
3934:The New Humanitarian
3333:Arizona Border Recon
3313:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
3177:Immigration stations
3111:Proposed legislation
3009:Guest worker program
2984:Brooks County, Texas
2896:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
2613:Immigration Act 1990
2516:Immigration Act 1924
2501:Immigration Act 1918
2491:Immigration Act 1907
2476:Immigration Act 1903
2064:Melilla border fence
1993:Basroch refugee camp
1726:Immigration to Italy
1274:Brazilian Resolution
515:housing (Article 21)
170:, also known as the
5099:1951 in Switzerland
5079:Treaties of Uruguay
5064:Treaties of Ukraine
5039:Treaties of Tunisia
4924:Treaties of Senegal
4899:Treaties of Romania
4894:Treaties of Moldova
4844:Treaties of Nigeria
4814:Treaties of Namibia
4804:Treaties of Morocco
4744:Treaties of Liberia
4739:Treaties of Lesotho
4709:Treaties of Jamaica
4694:Treaties of Ireland
4684:Treaties of Iceland
4604:Treaties of Finland
4589:Treaties of Estonia
4569:Treaties of Ecuador
4549:Treaties of Denmark
4524:Treaties of Croatia
4464:Treaties of Burundi
4434:Treaties of Bolivia
4419:Treaties of Belgium
4414:Treaties of Belarus
4399:Treaties of Austria
4389:Treaties of Armenia
4369:Treaties of Algeria
4364:Treaties of Albania
4218:Airstrikes on Yemen
3566:Battle of Solferino
3252:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
3179:and points of entry
3071:Reverse immigration
2950:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
2863:Supreme Court cases
2719:Visa Waiver Program
2714:Permanent residence
2541:Magnuson Act (1943)
2370:Plantation Act 1740
2268:Illegal immigration
1960:Proactiva Open Arms
1905:Maritime operations
1813:Death of Alan Kurdi
1795:Blue Sky M incident
1777:Lampedusa shipwreck
1743:Migration diplomacy
1571:Genocide Convention
1202:Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
1185:Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
924:7 June 2012 at the
836:. 1970. p. 268
686:on 14 November 2012
494:other non-nationals
452:forcibly return or
241:Nansen certificates
185:that defines who a
183:multilateral treaty
37:
5089:Treaties of Zambia
5059:Treaties of Uganda
5054:Treaties of Tuvalu
5044:Treaties of Turkey
5004:Treaties of Sweden
4909:Treaties of Rwanda
4904:Treaties of Russia
4879:Treaties of Poland
4854:Treaties of Panama
4849:Treaties of Norway
4794:Treaties of Monaco
4789:Treaties of Mexico
4769:Treaties of Malawi
4734:Treaties of Latvia
4699:Treaties of Israel
4654:Treaties of Guinea
4529:Treaties of Cyprus
4479:Treaties of Canada
4424:Treaties of Belize
4014:Donors and funding
3749:Protective Emblems
3744:National Societies
3721:Red Cross Movement
3583:Geneva Conventions
3578:Red Cross Movement
3552:1850s, Creation of
3036:Immigration reform
2872:US v. Wong Kim Ark
2818:U.S. Border Patrol
2734:Green Card Lottery
2702:Visas and policies
2664:Real ID Act (2005)
2598:Refugee Act (1980)
2350:international laws
2339:and related topics
2278:Schengen Agreement
2049:Ceuta border fence
2013:Moria refugee camp
1950:(EU, 2015–present)
1938:(EU, 2018–present)
1926:(Italy, 2013–2014)
1912:Operation Poseidon
1885:Mühldorf van crash
1843:Sofia lorry deaths
1837:Essex lorry deaths
1591:Geneva Conventions
1133:. 29 November 2012
1028:10.1111/ijmr.12222
918:Text of Convention
899:Joan Fitzpatrick,
609:Refugee employment
4974:Treaties of Spain
4914:Treaties of Samoa
4839:Treaties of Niger
4819:Treaties of Nauru
4779:Treaties of Malta
4724:Treaties of Kenya
4714:Treaties of Japan
4704:Treaties of Italy
4664:Treaties of Haiti
4639:Treaties of Ghana
4614:Treaties of Gabon
4574:Treaties of Egypt
4494:Treaties of Chile
4321:
4320:
4295:Aid effectiveness
4186:Aid worker safety
4122:Rohingya genocide
4060:Major emergencies
3970:Christos Christou
3905:
3904:
3830:Save the Children
3800:Médecins du Monde
3729:Seville Agreement
3665:
3664:
3519:in conflict zones
3469:
3468:
3403:Minuteman Project
3378:Improve The Dream
3296:State legislation
3247:"Babylift" (1975)
3221:Washington Avenue
3216:Sullivan's Island
3138:STRIVE Act (2007)
3061:March for America
3014:Human trafficking
2904:Zadvydas v. Davis
2766:Expedited removal
2697:
2696:
2348:United States and
2303:
2302:
2223:Dublin Regulation
2150:2017 Turku attack
1966:Aquarius Dignitus
1706:Sudanese refugees
1699:Assyrian refugees
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1596:Hague Conventions
1547:
1546:
1450:
1449:
1370:International law
1358:
1357:
1181:Introductory note
1163:. United Nations.
832:. Vol. 606.
712:. 26 October 2012
645:World Refugee Day
310:as a person who:
217:economic migrants
164:
163:
72: Non-members
5361:
5029:Treaties of Togo
4869:Treaties of Peru
4774:Treaties of Mali
4599:Treaties of Fiji
4489:Treaties of Chad
4314:World portal
4312:
4311:
4263:Related articles
4132:Yemeni Civil War
4127:Syrian civil war
3980:Martin Griffiths
3676:
3549:
3514:Humanitarian aid
3503:Humanitarian aid
3496:
3489:
3482:
3473:
3368:Community Change
3343:CASA of Maryland
3323:Non-governmental
3237:"Wetback" (1954)
3163:RAISE Act (2017)
3123:H.R. 4437 (2005)
2511:Cable Act (1922)
2460:Geary Act (1892)
2450:Scott Act (1888)
2355:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2235:Economic migrant
2179:Related articles
1978:(NGO, 2016–2017)
1970:SOS Méditerranée
1962:(NGO, 2015–2018)
1956:(NGO, 2014–2017)
1942:Operation Sophia
1936:Operation Themis
1930:Operation Triton
1918:Operation Hermes
1821:(September 2016)
1815:(September 2015)
1801:Ezadeen incident
1791:(September 2014)
1785:(September 2014)
1679:Kurdish refugees
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1553:
1456:
1364:
1333:Paris Principles
1258:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1164:
1162:
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1111:
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1104:
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1100:
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1007:
1001:
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989:
988:, Article I § 2.
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5349:Right of asylum
4324:
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4322:
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4299:
4258:
4227:
4181:
4170:Sphere Handbook
4142:
4136:
4055:
4009:
3985:Jemilah Mahmood
3975:Winnie Byanyima
3948:
3901:
3870:
3844:
3753:
3715:
3671:
3661:
3625:reform attempts
3624:
3618:
3594:
3553:
3540:
3526:Humanitarianism
3505:
3500:
3470:
3465:
3442:
3383:Mexica Movement
3326:
3324:
3317:
3291:
3225:
3178:
3172:
3158:SAFE Act (2015)
3106:
3080:
3019:Human smuggling
2994:Economic impact
2972:
2970:
2963:
2857:
2801:
2799:
2792:
2693:
2637:
2565:1950–1999
2560:
2469:1900–1949
2464:
2435:Page Act (1875)
2398:
2374:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2304:
2299:
2263:Fortress Europe
2213:Chain migration
2208:Asylum shopping
2174:
2088:
2032:Border barriers
2027:
1981:
1972:, 2015–present)
1932:(EU, 2014–2018)
1920:(EU, 2011–2013)
1914:(EU, 2006–2015)
1900:
1851:(February 2023)
1845:(February 2023)
1827:(November 2016)
1797:(December 2014)
1747:
1689:Libyan refugees
1684:Syrian refugees
1674:Afghan refugees
1662:
1649:
1644:
1614:
1605:
1562:
1543:
1463:
1446:
1373:
1354:
1265:
1252:
1247:
1172:
1160:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1066:
1051:
1009:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
984:
980:
972:
968:
960:
956:
946:
944:
936:
935:
931:
926:Wayback Machine
915:
911:
898:
894:
884:
882:
881:on 1 April 2012
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687:
674:
673:
664:
659:
629:Travel document
619:Right of asylum
583:Asylum shopping
574:
549:or with the UN
528:
496:in relation to
469:in relation to
459:non-refoulement
382:Refugees shall
376:
347:) and the 1984
304:
289:of America and
271:
233:
225:non-refoulement
150:
129:
123:Convention: 146
74:
73:
69:
67:
63:
61:
54:
52:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5367:
5365:
5357:
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5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
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5256:
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5216:
5211:
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5201:
5196:
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5176:
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5146:
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5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
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5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
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5016:
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4411:
4406:
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4396:
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4386:
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4326:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:Crisis mapping
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4254:Neocolonialism
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4232:Related fields
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
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4215:
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4205:
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4195:
4189:
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4183:
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4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4097:Typhoon Haiyan
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
4000:James Orbinski
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3953:Notable people
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
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3936:
3931:
3930:
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3913:
3911:
3907:
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3894:
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3884:
3878:
3876:
3875:Local agencies
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3825:Guardian Girls
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3795:Islamic Relief
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3755:
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3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3433:Save Our State
3430:
3425:
3423:No More Deaths
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
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3305:
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3125:
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3114:
3112:
3108:
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3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Labor shortage
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:Related issues
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2924:
2920:Barton v. Barr
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
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2797:
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2778:
2768:
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2736:
2731:
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2645:
2643:
2639:
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2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2591:Section 287(g)
2588:
2586:Section 212(f)
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
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2255:
2248:
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2237:
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2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2093:Related events
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:(October 2023)
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1839:(October 2019)
1834:
1833:(January 2018)
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1803:(January 2015)
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1779:(October 2013)
1774:
1768:
1762:
1755:
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1749:
1748:
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1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:Iraqi refugees
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1651:
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1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1507:Social Charter
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1465:
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1459:
1452:
1451:
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1248:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1195:
1178:
1171:
1170:External links
1168:
1167:
1166:
1145:
1144:
1118:
1106:
1083:
1049:
1022:(2): 193–216.
1002:
990:
978:
966:
954:
942:unrefugees.org
929:
909:
892:
862:
847:
834:United Nations
815:
770:
732:
723:
697:
661:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
647:
642:
637:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
573:
570:
566:public shaming
527:
524:
523:
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519:
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510:
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490:
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252:United Nations
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180:United Nations
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68:
62:
53:
47:
46:
28:Corsair Gaming
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5366:
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2014:
2011:
2009:
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2001:
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1998:Calais Jungle
1996:
1994:
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1988:
1986:Migrant camps
1984:
1977:
1976:Jugend Rettet
1974:
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624:Statelessness
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586:
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578:Asylum seeker
576:
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571:
569:
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562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
526:Noncompliance
525:
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345:African Union
342:
338:
332:
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309:
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299:
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292:
288:
287:United States
284:
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248:
246:
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238:
230:
228:
226:
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212:
210:
205:
202:
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196:
195:war criminals
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
156:
147:
142:
139:
136:
132:
126:Protocol: 147
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:22 April 1954
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
60:
59:1967 Protocol
44:
39:
33:
29:
22:
4305:
4249:Peacekeeping
4239:Human Rights
4150:CHS Alliance
4143:power, abuse
4082:2004 tsunami
3995:Peter Maurer
3856:NEAR Network
3835:World Vision
3670:Humanitarian
3642:Localisation
3623:21st-century
3613:
3570:
3561:Henry Dunant
3458:
3438:Utah Compact
3201:Ellis Island
3186:Angel Island
2957:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2931: /
2927:
2919:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2642:21st century
2579: /
2403:19th century
2392: /
2388: /
2379:18th century
2358:Colonial era
2250:
2217:
2023:Hotspot camp
1863:(April 2023)
1773:(April 2011)
1767:(March 2009)
1575:
1557:
1461:Regional law
1460:
1368:
1262:
1209:
1205:
1188:
1156:
1135:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1086:
1069:
1019:
1015:
1005:
993:
981:
969:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:
932:
912:
904:
895:
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
865:
856:
850:
838:. Retrieved
825:
818:
793:
789:
761:. Retrieved
749:
745:
735:
726:
714:. Retrieved
709:
700:
688:. Retrieved
684:the original
636:(Article 14)
563:
540:
529:
493:
491:
466:
464:
431:
389:
381:
377:
369:
343:(since 2002
333:
328:
322:
313:
305:
272:
260:
256:World War II
249:
234:
213:
206:
203:
175:
171:
167:
165:
82:28 July 1951
32:
3965:Jan Egeland
3849:Consortiums
3810:Mercy Corps
3679:UN agencies
3196:East Boston
2880:Ozawa v. US
2709:Visa policy
2674:DACA (2012)
2252:Fire at Sea
1881:(July 2023)
1875:(June 2023)
1869:(June 2023)
614:Refugee law
245:refoulement
109:Signatories
95:Switzerland
4328:Categories
4141:Standards,
3428:NumbersUSA
3230:Operations
3211:San Ysidro
2971:and events
2798:Government
2003:La Linière
1761:(May 2007)
1137:23 October
947:23 October
840:19 October
657:References
553:under the
545:under the
359:Americas,
283:Cape Verde
275:Madagascar
159:Wikisource
134:Depositary
4041:ECHO (EU)
4036:FCDO (UK)
3990:Hugo Slim
3960:Degan Ali
3939:ReliefWeb
3206:Otay Mesa
3085:Geography
2771:Detention
2247:(Eurosur)
1483:European
1204:entitled
1154:(2011) .
1044:216204168
1036:1460-8545
810:145129127
467:nationals
365:Caribbean
291:Venezuela
261:The 1967
144:Full text
101:Effective
4334:Refugees
4112:Iraq War
3024:Coyotaje
2756:E-Verify
2746:US-VISIT
2240:Edlumino
1351:(UNDROP)
1319:(UNDRIP)
1198:Lectures
1073:, 2001,
976:§ E(14).
922:Archived
572:See also
454:"refoul"
363:and the
263:Protocol
87:Location
3545:History
2999:Effects
2258:Frontex
2228:Eurodac
1313:(DEVAW)
1307:(DEDAW)
1212:in the
1191:in the
1068:UNHCR:
964:§ C(8).
885:22 July
855:UNHCR:
758:2617336
690:22 July
605:(OHCHR)
357:Central
339:by the
329:refugee
308:refugee
269:Parties
231:History
187:refugee
174:or the
117:Parties
4046:Turkey
3706:UNICEF
2952:(2021)
2944:(2021)
2937:(2020)
2922:(2020)
2914:(2011)
2907:(2001)
2898:(1975)
2890:(1923)
2882:(1922)
2874:(1898)
2822:BORTAC
2776:Family
2729:Asylum
1340:(VDPA)
1286:(UDHR)
1099:1 July
1077:
1042:
1034:
808:
763:6 June
756:
716:6 June
395:state.
361:Mexico
285:, the
191:asylum
91:Geneva
79:Signed
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4026:USAID
3922:ALNAP
3887:Adeso
3820:Oxfam
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3691:OCHA
3601:WWII
2581:1965
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1208:and
1139:2022
1101:2018
1075:ISBN
1032:ISSN
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887:2013
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765:2023
754:SSRN
718:2023
692:2013
355:and
277:and
166:The
3917:ODI
3711:WHO
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