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Copycat (software)

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122: 593: 25: 231:, since the effective weight associated with a particular link may vary through time according to the activation level of specific concepts (nodes). The codelets build structures in the working area and modify activations in the slipnet accordingly (bottom-up processes), and the current state of slipnet determines probabilistically which codelets must be run (top-down influences). 280:
solver), SeqSee (number sequence extrapolation), George (geometric exploration), and Musicat (a melodic expectation model). The architecture is known as the "FARGitecture" and current implementations use a variety of modern languages including C# and Java. A future FARG goal is to build a single
196:, running in parallel, competing or cooperating. They create and destroy temporary perceptual constructs, probabilistically trying out variations to eventually produce an answer. The codelets rely on an associative network, 266:
Copycat is Hofstadter's most popular model. Other models presented by Hofstadter et al. are similar in architecture, but different in the so-called microdomain, their application, e.g. Letter Spirit, etc.
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Copycat produces answers to such problems as "abc is to abd as ijk is to what?" (abc:abd :: ijk:?). Hofstadter and Mitchell consider analogy making as the core of high-level cognition, or
738: 227:(with the codelets). The slipnet is a network composed of nodes, which represent permanent concepts, and weighted links, which are relations, between them. It differs from 276:
describing the work of the Fluid Analogies Research Group (FARG) book, work on Copycat-like models has continued: as of 2008 the latest models are Phaeaco (a
492: 172:(as it relies on now-outdated graphics libraries for Lucid Common Lisp); however, Java and Python ports exist. The latest version in 2018 is a 548: 386: 377: 328: 319: 272: 509: 42: 362: 108: 485: 733: 451: 89: 688: 161: 61: 46: 295: 248: 68: 449:
Copycat written in Lucid Common Lisp, hoping that it will be rewritten in a more platform independent way sometime soon
478: 252: 353: 75: 35: 626: 290: 260: 57: 578: 518: 240: 145: 121: 592: 204:). The changing activation levels of the concepts make a conceptual overlap with neighboring concepts. 683: 558: 412: 694: 631: 568: 125:
Screenshot of Metacat (Copycat successor) in operation, slightly edited with commentary at bottom.
538: 501: 373: 315: 149: 709: 677: 636: 382: 358: 324: 220: 82: 661: 646: 348: 228: 201: 153: 651: 616: 455: 277: 133: 528: 402: 188:, as Hofstadter calls it, basic to recognition and categorization. High-level perception 727: 448: 656: 169: 165: 24: 465: 256: 641: 216: 189: 141: 466:
The Letter Spirit page at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition
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generic FARGitecture software framework to facilitate experimentation.
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Github repository of copycat implementation (and other FARG projects)
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The Copycat Project: A Model of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-Making
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from the spreading activity of many independent processes, called
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Copycat differs considerably in many respects from other
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Copycat's architecture is tripartite, consisting of a
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By Hofstadter and the Fluid Analogies Research Group
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A Python version of Copycat by J. Alan Brogan, 2012
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 424:A Python version of Copycat by Joseph Hager, 2017 486: 158:Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition 8: 739:Common Lisp (programming language) software 235:Comparison to other cognitive architectures 493: 479: 471: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 307: 164:. The original Copycat was written in 549:Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies 378:Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies 320:Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies 273:Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies 176:by Lucas Saldyt and J. Alan Brogan. 7: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 461:Eric Nichols' Musicat dissertation 14: 438:Abhijit Mahabal's Seqsee code in 591: 23: 429:A JavaScript version of Copycat 34:needs additional citations for 689:Indiana University Bloomington 403:A short description of Copycat 162:Indiana University Bloomington 1: 296:LIDA (cognitive architecture) 229:traditional semantic networks 354:Analogy-Making as Perception 144:based on the concept of the 755: 708:Edited by Hofstadter and 704: 589: 261:subsumption architectures 291:Artificial consciousness 241:cognitive architectures 148:, developed in 1988 by 58:"Copycat" software 734:Cognitive architecture 627:Hofstadter's butterfly 374:Hofstadter, Douglas R. 316:Hofstadter, Douglas R. 146:parallel terraced scan 126: 579:Surfaces and Essences 186:high-level perception 124: 684:Egbert B. Gebstadter 559:Le Ton beau de Marot 270:Since the 1995 book 156:, and others at the 43:improve this article 695:Victim of the Brain 569:I Am a Strange Loop 519:Gödel, Escher, Bach 539:Metamagical Themas 502:Douglas Hofstadter 454:2006-02-24 at the 221:blackboard systems 150:Douglas Hofstadter 127: 721: 720: 710:Daniel C. Dennett 678:Robert Hofstadter 637:Hofstadter points 388:978-0-465-05154-0 349:Mitchell, Melanie 330:978-0-465-05154-0 119: 118: 111: 93: 746: 662:Superrationality 647:Platonia dilemma 632:Hofstadter's law 595: 584: 574: 564: 554: 544: 534: 524: 495: 488: 481: 472: 435:by Paul-G2, 2023 392: 368: 335: 334: 312: 202:long-term memory 154:Melanie Mitchell 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 754: 753: 749: 748: 747: 745: 744: 743: 724: 723: 722: 717: 700: 666: 652:Six nines in pi 617:BlooP and FlooP 605: 603: 596: 587: 582: 572: 562: 552: 542: 532: 522: 504: 499: 456:Wayback Machine 399: 389: 372: 365: 347: 344: 342:Further reading 339: 338: 331: 314: 313: 309: 304: 287: 278:Bongard problem 237: 182: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 752: 750: 742: 741: 736: 726: 725: 719: 718: 716: 715: 712: 705: 702: 701: 699: 698: 691: 686: 681: 674: 672: 668: 667: 665: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 608: 606: 601: 598: 597: 590: 588: 586: 585: 575: 565: 555: 545: 535: 525: 514: 512: 506: 505: 500: 498: 497: 490: 483: 475: 469: 468: 463: 458: 446: 436: 433:an online demo 426: 421: 416: 410: 405: 398: 397:External links 395: 394: 393: 387: 370: 363: 343: 340: 337: 336: 329: 306: 305: 303: 300: 299: 298: 293: 286: 283: 236: 233: 181: 178: 138:analogy making 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 751: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 713: 711: 707: 706: 703: 697: 696: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 679: 676: 675: 673: 669: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 607: 599: 594: 581: 580: 576: 571: 570: 566: 561: 560: 556: 551: 550: 546: 541: 540: 536: 531: 530: 526: 521: 520: 516: 515: 513: 511: 507: 503: 496: 491: 489: 484: 482: 477: 476: 473: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 453: 450: 447: 445: 441: 437: 434: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 396: 390: 384: 380: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364:0-262-13289-3 360: 356: 355: 350: 346: 345: 341: 332: 326: 322: 321: 317: 311: 308: 301: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 284: 282: 279: 275: 274: 268: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 234: 232: 230: 226: 222: 219:, similar to 218: 215:(also called 214: 210: 205: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 179: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 123: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 693: 657:Strange loop 621: 602:Concepts and 577: 567: 557: 547: 537: 529:The Mind's I 527: 517: 376: 352: 318: 310: 271: 269: 265: 238: 224: 213:working area 212: 208: 206: 197: 193: 185: 183: 174:Python3 port 129: 128: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 223:), and the 180:Description 166:Common Lisp 99:August 2014 16:AI software 728:Categories 302:References 257:Psi-Theory 140:and human 69:newspapers 642:MU puzzle 217:workspace 170:bitrotten 142:cognition 680:(father) 612:Ambigram 604:projects 452:Archived 285:See also 243:such as 225:coderack 194:codelets 671:Related 622:Copycat 442:and in 209:slipnet 198:slipnet 190:emerges 168:and is 130:Copycat 83:scholar 583:(2013) 573:(2007) 563:(1997) 553:(1995) 543:(1985) 533:(1981) 523:(1979) 444:Python 385:  369:(1993) 361:  327:  85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  510:Books 431:with 415:(pdf) 259:, or 245:ACT-R 134:model 132:is a 90:JSTOR 76:books 440:Perl 383:ISBN 359:ISBN 325:ISBN 253:DUAL 249:Soar 211:, a 62:news 136:of 45:by 730:: 381:. 357:. 351:. 323:. 263:. 255:, 251:, 247:, 160:, 152:, 494:e 487:t 480:v 391:. 367:. 333:. 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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"Copycat" software
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model
analogy making
cognition
parallel terraced scan
Douglas Hofstadter
Melanie Mitchell
Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition
Indiana University Bloomington
Common Lisp
bitrotten
Python3 port
emerges
long-term memory
workspace
blackboard systems
traditional semantic networks
cognitive architectures
ACT-R

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