974:
overlap like roof shingles. Their bodies are cylindrical in their cross section and have body scales that have bony plates underneath them called “osteoderms”. Osteoderms are dermal bone structures that support the upper layer of skin and serve as protection against the elements in a large variety of extinct and extant organisms, especially reptiles. This structure is commonly called "dermal armor" and serves to protect the organism, while also helping with temperature regulation. The roofs of their mouths are made up of two bony plates instead of one. One of their bony plates is called a palate and the other bony palate in the roof of their mouth separates the respiratory and digestive passages. They also have very long tapering tails with small legs and five toes.
883:
707:
959:
833:
758:
943:
140:
120:
1807:
1797:
978:
in
Florida. Five-lined skinks are very popular throughout Georgia and North Carolina, they are found in very wooded areas and like to hide in fallen trees. Skinks are more abundant and endangered in Africa and Indo Australia because of predators and loss of habitat. Another very popular area is New Zealand, the
973:
There are many characteristics that are shared upon all skinks. All skinks have very cone shaped heads with large, symmetrical, and shield-like scales. Their scales are smooth, glossy, and circular all throughout their body. Once you get to their back and belly areas, they have more round scales that
977:
For their distribution, there are around 1,275 species of skinks all around the world. They are very popular and can be mostly found in
Southeast Asia, most areas of Australia, and temperate regions of North America. There are also desert species skinks that are called “sand swimmers” that are found
808:
Alternatively, Zheng & Wiens (2016) found the following phylogeny of extant groups using molecular data; this phylogeny has largely been supported through other studies using molecular evidence:
986:) is very common. They are also found in the suburban gardens in Auckland. Some skink species are more terrestrial and fossorial, some arboreal meaning tree-dwelling, and others are semiaquatic.
407:, though different authors use these terms in a broader or more restricted usage relative to true skinks. They first appear in the fossil record about 170 million years ago, during the
1933:
1150:"Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species"
1041:
Alifanov, V.R. (2019). "Lizards of the
Families Eoxantidae, Ardeosauridae, Globauridae, and Paramacellodidae (Scincomorpha) from the Aptian-Albian of Mongolia".
1882:
1270:
1125:
Evans, S.E. and Jones, M.E.H. (2010). "The Origin, Early
History and Diversification of Lepidosauromorph Reptiles," pp. 27-44 in Bandyopadhyay, S. (ed.),
958:
942:
882:
706:
1928:
1236:
1938:
1263:
1811:
1077:
832:
757:
979:
139:
127:
1187:
Brownstein, Chase D.; Meyer, Dalton L.; Fabbri, Matteo; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2022-11-29).
1256:
1137:
1887:
1087:. La théorie de Darwin revisitée par la biologie d'aujourd'hui / Darwin's theory revisited by today's biology.
1801:
1235:(Skinks (Scincidae) ." Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. . Retrieved March 25, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com:
1822:
401:
1923:
1895:
1443:
1149:
1237:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/skinks-scincidae
528:
253:
1058:
1020:
965:
338:
134:
738:
489:
247:
1900:
1860:
1869:
1374:
1210:
1169:
1108:
1100:
1681:
1456:
1364:
1349:
1218:
1200:
1161:
1130:
1092:
1050:
1012:
687:
316:
1724:
1691:
1634:
1354:
949:
393:(night lizards), as well as many extinct taxa. Other roughly equivalent terms include the
39:
1764:
1701:
1671:
1614:
1589:
1584:
1561:
1541:
1479:
1451:
1397:
1223:
898:
586:
386:
331:
119:
1917:
1719:
1709:
1676:
1663:
1639:
1604:
1594:
1531:
1526:
1504:
1359:
1188:
1062:
1024:
623:
275:
77:
1874:
1779:
1744:
1644:
1619:
1546:
1471:
1003:
Nydam, R.L. (2013). "Squamates from the
Jurassic and Cretaceous of North America".
346:
240:
1854:
1769:
1754:
1734:
1686:
1624:
1599:
1556:
1518:
1499:
1421:
1407:
1369:
1165:
1134:
855:
600:
444:
390:
289:
264:
221:
52:
1845:
1806:
1205:
1096:
1759:
1739:
1433:
1392:
1384:
1344:
1054:
1016:
878:
702:
639:
512:
382:
366:
326:
282:
259:
97:
62:
1214:
1173:
1104:
17:
1714:
1654:
1629:
1609:
1536:
1484:
1326:
828:
753:
466:
309:
228:
151:
102:
46:
1112:
1796:
1243:
1839:
1749:
1579:
1551:
1494:
1489:
1417:
1310:
1298:
1279:
408:
394:
381:(Scincidae) and their close relatives. These include the living families
191:
171:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
1078:"The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians"
1571:
1461:
1304:
414:
Alifanov (2016) found the following phylogeny with morphological data:
181:
107:
82:
1729:
1292:
374:
161:
1816:
1248:
1774:
1402:
1336:
378:
370:
1189:"Evolutionary origins of the prolonged extant squamate radiation"
1820:
1252:
1242:(Vitt, L. (2018, October 10). Skink. Encyclopædia Britannica.
1829:
1700:
1662:
1653:
1570:
1517:
1470:
1442:
1416:
1383:
1335:
1319:
1076:Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair (2009-02-01).
1036:
1034:
1264:
8:
1148:Zheng, Yuchi; Wiens, John J. (2016-01-01).
1817:
1659:
1426:
1271:
1257:
1249:
1129:, 27 Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 132.
118:
31:
1222:
1204:
1005:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
1934:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
1244:https://www.britannica.com/animal/skink
995:
938:
1154:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
1127:New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity
871:
848:
821:
811:
731:
679:
672:
615:
592:
582:
504:
481:
459:
437:
427:
417:
25:
1805:
1795:
957:
941:
881:
831:
756:
705:
138:
1:
980:pale-flecked garden sunskink
1166:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009
1135:10.1007/978-3-642-10311-7_2
128:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
1955:
1929:Bajocian first appearances
1206:10.1038/s41467-022-34217-5
1097:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010
950:Polyglyphanodon sternbergi
1429:
1287:
1055:10.1134/S0031030119010039
1017:10.1007/s12549-013-0129-5
896:
876:
869:
853:
846:
826:
819:
751:
736:
729:
700:
684:
677:
670:
636:
620:
613:
597:
590:
580:
525:
509:
502:
486:
479:
464:
457:
442:
435:
425:
216:
211:
135:Scientific classification
133:
126:
117:
34:
1085:Comptes Rendus Biologies
1043:Paleontological Journal
984:Lampropholis guichenoti
1939:Vertebrate infraorders
389:(plated lizards), and
299:Paramacellodicordylida
1896:Paleobiology Database
1804:at Wikimedia Commons
1193:Nature Communications
27:Infraorder of lizards
385:(girdled lizards),
966:Eutropis macularia
1911:
1910:
1823:Taxon identifiers
1800:Media related to
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1513:
1512:
1444:Gymnophthalmoidea
1375:Sphaerodactylidae
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
718:
717:
659:
658:
650:
649:
566:
565:
557:
556:
548:
547:
539:
538:
360:
359:
304:
271:†Ardeosauroidea?
207:
16:(Redirected from
1946:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1818:
1810:Data related to
1809:
1799:
1682:Leptotyphlopidae
1660:
1457:Gymnophthalmidae
1427:
1365:Phyllodactylidae
1350:Carphodactylidae
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1208:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1145:
1139:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1000:
961:
945:
885:
872:
849:
835:
822:
812:
760:
732:
709:
688:Paramacellodidae
680:
673:
616:
593:
583:
505:
482:
460:
438:
428:
418:
317:Paramacellodidae
302:
205:
143:
142:
122:
112:
49:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1825:
1814:at Wikispecies
1793:
1784:
1745:Cylindrophiidae
1725:Atractaspididae
1696:
1692:Xenotyphlopidae
1649:
1635:Phrynosomatidae
1566:
1509:
1466:
1438:
1412:
1379:
1355:Diplodactylidae
1331:
1315:
1283:
1277:
1233:
1232:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1124:
1120:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1002:
1001:
997:
992:
969:
962:
953:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
719:
660:
651:
567:
558:
549:
540:
204:
137:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
40:Middle Jurassic
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1851:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Tropidophiidae
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1702:Alethinophidia
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Anomalepididae
1668:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:Leiocephalidae
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:Corytophanidae
1587:
1585:Chamaeleonidae
1582:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1562:Diploglossidae
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Helodermatidae
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Amphisbaenidae
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Alopoglossidae
1448:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1398:Gerrhosauridae
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1231:
1230:
1179:
1140:
1118:
1091:(2): 129–139.
1068:
1030:
1011:(4): 535–565.
994:
993:
991:
988:
971:
970:
963:
956:
954:
947:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:Gerrhosauridae
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
875:
870:
868:
867:Cordyliformes
864:
863:
860:
859:
852:
847:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
825:
820:
818:
810:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
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780:
776:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
763:
762:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
735:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:
648:
647:
644:
643:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
619:
614:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
596:
591:
589:
587:Ardeosauroidea
581:
579:
573:
572:
569:
568:
564:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:Hodzhakuliidae
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
508:
503:
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
485:
480:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
463:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
441:
436:
434:
432:Xantusiomorpha
426:
424:
416:
387:Gerrhosauridae
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
351:
342:
334:
332:Gerrhosauridae
329:
319:
313:
295:
294:
293:
286:
279:
269:
268:
267:
262:
256:
254:Hodzhakuliidae
250:
244:
234:Xantusiomorpha
231:
226:
214:
213:
209:
208:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1951:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:Anomochilidae
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Acrochordidae
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Gerrhopilidae
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1664:Scolecophidia
1661:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Polychrotidae
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Hoplocercidae
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Crotaphytidae
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Lanthanotidae
1530:
1528:
1527:Shinisauridae
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1505:Trogonophidae
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Eublepharidae
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
996:
989:
987:
985:
981:
975:
968:
967:
960:
955:
952:
951:
944:
939:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
901:
900:
894:
893:
890:
889:
886:
884:
880:
874:
873:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
834:
830:
824:
823:
817:
814:
813:
809:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
761:
759:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
734:
733:
727:
726:
723:
722:
714:
713:
710:
708:
704:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
682:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
664:
663:
655:
654:
646:
645:
642:
641:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
624:Ardeosauridae
618:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
595:
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585:
584:
578:
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531:
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398:Scinciformata
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368:
364:
349:
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322:Cordyliformes
320:
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276:Ardeosauridae
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48:
41:
33:
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19:
18:Cordyliformes
1924:Scincomorpha
1861:Scincomorpha
1831:Scincomorpha
1830:
1812:Scincomorpha
1802:Scincomorpha
1794:
1780:Xenopeltidae
1645:Tropiduridae
1620:Leiosauridae
1547:Xenosauridae
1472:Amphisbaenia
1241:
1234:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1126:
1121:
1088:
1084:
1071:
1049:(1): 74–88.
1046:
1042:
1008:
1004:
998:
983:
976:
972:
964:
948:
897:
877:
854:
827:
815:
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752:
737:
701:
685:
637:
621:
598:
576:
526:
510:
487:
465:
443:
431:
422:Scincomorpha
421:
413:
404:
397:
363:Scincomorpha
362:
361:
347:Deccansaurus
345:
337:
321:
308:
298:
241:Retinosaurus
239:
233:
220:
202:Scincomorpha
201:
198:Infraorder:
35:Scincomorphs
29:
1855:Wikispecies
1770:Uropeltidae
1755:Loxocemidae
1735:Bolyeriidae
1687:Typhlopidae
1625:Liolaemidae
1600:Dactyloidae
1557:Anniellidae
1519:Anguimorpha
1500:Rhineuridae
1422:Lacertoidea
1408:Xantusiidae
1370:Pygopodidae
1199:(1): 7087.
1160:: 537–547.
856:Xantusiidae
601:Globauridae
577:Leptoglossa
445:Xantusiidae
402:superfamily
391:Xantusiidae
339:Konkasaurus
303:Nydam, 2013
290:Globauridae
265:Xantusiidae
222:Saurillodon
45:170–0
1918:Categories
1760:Pythonidae
1740:Colubridae
1434:Lacertidae
1393:Cordylidae
1385:Scincoidea
1345:Gekkonidae
990:References
879:Cordylidae
816:Scincoidea
739:Acontiidae
703:Cordylidae
640:Carusiidae
513:Slavoiidae
490:Eoxantidae
405:Scincoidea
383:Cordylidae
377:including
367:infraorder
327:Cordylidae
283:Carusiidae
260:Slavoiidae
248:Eoxantidae
212:Subgroups
206:Camp, 1923
42:—present,
1775:Viperidae
1715:Aniliidae
1655:Serpentes
1630:Opluridae
1610:Iguanidae
1537:Varanidae
1485:Bipedidae
1403:Scincidae
1327:Dibamidae
1291:Kingdom:
1215:2041-1723
1174:1055-7903
1105:1631-0691
1063:181824832
1025:129773133
829:Scincidae
754:Scincidae
467:Dibamidae
411:period.
400:, or the
310:Sciroseps
229:Scincidae
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
1846:Q1050423
1840:Wikidata
1750:Elapidae
1580:Agamidae
1552:Anguidae
1495:Cadeidae
1490:Blanidae
1418:Laterata
1311:Squamata
1305:Reptilia
1299:Chordata
1297:Phylum:
1293:Animalia
1282:families
1280:Squamata
1113:19281946
409:Jurassic
395:suborder
192:Squamata
182:Reptilia
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
1572:Iguania
1462:Teiidae
1337:Gekkota
1320:Dibamia
1309:Order:
1303:Class:
1224:9708687
375:lizards
188:Order:
178:Class:
1730:Boidae
1221:
1213:
1172:
1111:
1103:
1061:
1023:
379:skinks
365:is an
1901:57293
1888:35033
1875:8GK5Q
1081:(PDF)
1059:S2CID
1021:S2CID
371:clade
1883:NCBI
1211:ISSN
1170:ISSN
1109:PMID
1101:ISSN
369:and
53:Preęž’
1870:CoL
1219:PMC
1201:doi
1162:doi
1131:doi
1093:doi
1089:332
1051:doi
1013:doi
373:of
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1033:^
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1009:93
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301:"
103:Pg
47:Ma
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
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1164::
1133::
1115:.
1095::
1065:.
1053::
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