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342:. Eastern blue tongues frequent in the open country and take shelter among large objects on the ground like logs or rocks or among leaf litter. Blue tongued lizards are incapable of producing their own body heat, as are all lizards. Because of this, they spend their mornings in the sun before looking for food in order to maintain their body temperature which is between 30-35 degrees Celsius when they are active. In the winter, however, when the weather is cold, lizards bury themselves in their shelter sites and are not active. These lizards only leave their shelters on days where the sun is out, so that they can bask in the sun. They infrequently leave the comfort of their hollow logs and ground debris.
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that overlap and have small bone plates. The ventral (abdominal) region of the lizard is a silver or gray color. The lizard's back, however, appears dark brown and cream-colored and its head is pale brown. Across its body, the eastern-blue-tongued lizard has broad black and brown bands. This lizard can generally be identified by its black stripe that extends from its eye to its tympanum (exposed eardrum), and sometimes all the way to the side of the lizard's neck. The lizards blue tongues could be an evolutionary adaptation that can assist in long distance communication in order warn off predators and decrease aggressive activity.
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or if it serves as infraspecific communication. Studies have been done, however, that have supported the idea that the amount of melanin that is present in the skink's skin does not heavily effect tongue coloration
Another interesting finding is that blue colored tongues have similar chromatic qualities to UV blue skin patches and can be reflective. Another finding from this 2015 study is that “UV blue tongues are more conspicuous than pink tongues, especially in the visual model of conspecifics”.
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eggs that are retained within the mother's body until they are hatched. Since baby lizards are born in this mode, there is no risk of predators stealing the eggs. On average, each female has about 10 offspring and due to this process, the offspring all have an elevated level of survival. Female lizards give birth to 6-20 young per year. Similar to other animals, these offspring are nourished by the primitive placenta.
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lizards were inactive, they chose to move to a place that was cooler, therefore causing their internal temperatures to decrease. When their internal temperatures reached a reproducible level when in heat, they decided to return to a more neutral environment. It has also been found that juvenile lizards utilize higher environmental temperatures and
457:, the blue tongued skink has a diet that consists of plants, fruits, insects, and other reptiles. Captive studies have been conducted and have shown that high quality dog food is one of the best food sources for these lizards as it has extra minerals and vitamins. These lizards eat during the day and have been labeled as
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The eastern blue tongue can adapt to suburban living as well as cities. The skink can be found in gardens or basking in the sun on roads or drain pipes. As the
Tiliqua scincoides scincoides can live in urban areas, it can face injury from house pets such as cats and dogs, be hit by cars, or harmed by
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is said to be ovoviviparous because the mother lays live young that are more developed than the typical offspring as the young have spent more time developing inside of the mother.The
Tiliqua scincoides scincoides is reported to be ovoviviparous, which means eastern blue tongue embryos develop inside
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are behaviorally regulated by their internal temperature which is a direct result of the peripheral temperature and the temperature of their brains. In a study done in 1969, the behavior of this species was observed between warm and cold environments. The results of this study suggested that when the
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spend most of their time alone. However, September, October, and
November are mating months. These months consist of fights between males in order to attain their first choice female. More research needs to be done on whether the skinks blue tongue is a result of an adaptation that is anti-predatory
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Many methods have been explored in order to best categorize lizards as male or female. Lizard sex can be determined non invasively by measuring head width, snout-vent length, weight, and trunk length. Specifically, ratios of head width to snout-vent length and head width to trunk length can be
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show very little aggression and are said to be docile and shy. The eastern blue tongued lizard has a blue tongue in order to scare off potential predators. When predators approach the lizard, it opens its mouth and sticks out its blue tongue to warn off predators showing that it may be distasteful.
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Blue tongued lizards can be attacked by reptile ticks which attach under their scales or inside of their ear canal. These reptile ticks do not cause paralysis and do not latch onto mammals, only onto reptiles. Other than ticks, mites and nematode worms are also parasites to the eastern blue tongue.
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Eastern blue tongued lizards may eat poisonous snails and slugs that have been tainted by snail baits. If these lizards are living in a garden, they may be exposed to snail baits and insecticides that can cause them harm. Because blue tongued lizards are able to squirm through small holes in fences
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The lizard can have different colors, but its pattern frequently appears to be banded. The tongue of the lizard is a blue color and can appear to have a hint of violet. This blue tongue is used to alarm predators and scare them off. The eastern blue-tongue lizard has smooth skin covered with scales
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Interestingly enough, research has been done that has shown that sexual maturity occurs at different body sizes depending on the location that a male
Tiliqua scincoides scincoides resides. For example, it was found that sexuality maturity happens at smaller body sizes in southern part of Australia
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has a blue tongue in order to mimic the Death Adder, which shares some characteristics with the lizard, and is venomous. The Death Adder and the tiliqua scincoides scincoides have very similar coloration. Additionally, since this type of lizard has very short legs, it does look very similar to a
461:. Because eastern blue tongued lizards are agile, they frequently consume animals that move more slowly. Typically, they tend to munch on snail shells and beetles. They are able to do so because their jaw muscles are strong and their teeth are large. These lizards also eat crickets and wax worms.
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Wildlife
Alliance Library, the eastern blue-tongued lizard has a wide distribution and it is categorized as “least concern” in terms of endangerment. Regardless of their stable population, these lizards are protected in Australia as a native species. Government regulations like the
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is native to the Maluku
Province in Indonesia. These lizards are found in mixed woodland habitats, semi-deserts, and scrubland areas in Tasmania, Australia, and New Guinea. They can also be found habituating in terrestrial biomes such as scrub forests, grasslands, or the savanna.
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is 300-320mm and the hind limb length makes up 20% of snout-vent length. The skinks have tails that are short and robust. In other words, the length of the hind legs are roughly 62 mm while the tail length is approximately 195mm and makes up 50-75% of the snout-vent length.
222:. Its blue tongue can be used to warn off predators. In addition to flashing its blue tongue, the skink hisses and puffs up its chest to assert dominance and appear bigger when in the presence of its predators such as large snakes and birds. The eastern blue tongue is
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that appears to be of the pseudo stratified type and is loosely packed. The underlying Bowman glands and other supporting cells secrete to the olfactory epithelium's surface which has cilia from sensory cells and microvilli from supporting cells.
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scincoides hisses loudly and puffs up its chest to appear larger and assert dominance. This lizard species can also lose its tail during a quarrel and regrow it. It typically takes a year for their tail to regrow. In terms of breeding, the
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intermedia appears to have a population that is declining. In
Australia, there has been a ban on exportation and trading of reptiles. Although there is a ban, the blue tongue is a very popular lizard to trade due its unique tongue color.
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species. A study done on these lizards found that adults and juveniles are able to distinguish between color and shape stimuli successfully and one was not superior in learning capabilities. This study highlights the idea that
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and under fences, they may be faced with garden pests or chemicals used by neighbors. When these lizards are kept as pets, they often are attracted to horizontal pipes, cavities under houses, and rockeries as hiding sites. The
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are precocial species, meaning that they are born at a more advanced developmental stage and therefore do not require as much parental care because their brain is mostly developed at the time of their birth, unlike
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The eastern blue-tongued lizard has a short body and short legs. This lizard weighs approximately 1 kilogram and extends approximately 60 centimeters. 36cm of the 60 cm are the lizards' head and body. The
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Szabo, Birgit; Noble, Daniel W. A.; Byrne, Richard W.; Tait, David S.; Whiting, Martin J. (1 August 2019). "Precocial juvenile lizards show adult level learning and behavioural flexibility".
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are behaviorally flexible and adaptable in both adulthood and youth, specifically in reversal learning. These results, however, did not support the formation of an attentional set.
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869:"Why is the tongue of blue-tongued skinks blue? Reflectance of lingual surface and its consequences for visual perception by conspecifics and predators"
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are not venomous or deadly to humans. Bites from this skink will cause pain and leave a bruise, however it will not cause any long term effects.
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Kratzing, Jean E. (1 February 1975). "The fine structure of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs of a lizard (Tiliqua scincoides scincoides)".
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Studies have been done that show that reptiles are capable of feeling human like feelings such as anxiety and pleasure among other emotions.
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Myhre, K.; Hammel, H. T. (November 1969). "Behavioral regulation of internal temperature in the lizard
Tiliqua scincoides".
583:. Eastern blue tongued lizards can also be eaten by feral dogs and cats. Other predators of the eastern blue tongue include
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1066:"Sex identification in the eastern blue-tongued lizard (Tiliqua scincoides White, ex Shaw, 1790) using morphometrics"
1005:"The male reproductive cycle of the Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua scincoides scincoides (Squamata: Scincidae)"
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s can also be called the common blue tongue, the eastern bluetongue, the eastern blue-tongued lizard, or skink. The
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1259:"Tiliqua scincoides (Common Bluetongue, Eastern Bluetongue, Northern Bluetongue, Eastern Blue-Tongued Lizard)"
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Abbate, F.; Latella, G.; Montalbano, G.; Guerrera, M. C.; GermanĂ , G. P.; Levanti, M. B. (October 2009).
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is not venomous to humans and can be found in suburban and urban areas, specifically in house gardens.
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are found in the coastal plain and lower Blue
Mountains in Sydney, Australia and in the majority of
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1113:"Given the Cold Shoulder: A Review of the Scientific Literature for Evidence of Reptile Sentience"
971:"Eastern Blue-tongued Skink (Tiliqua scincoides) Fact Sheet: Population & Conservation Status"
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Blue tongues fall prey to large snakes and large predatory birds. The large snakes include the
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in 1999 have positively influenced the preservation of the eastern blue-tongued lizard.
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1364:"Eastern Blue-tongued Skink (Tiliqua scincoides) Fact Sheet: Behavior & Ecology"
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Abramjan, Andran; Bauerová, Anna; Somerová, Barbora; Frynta, Daniel (August 2015).
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and Tiliqua scincoides chimaera. However, they have different habitats. The
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In captivity, the eastern blue-tongued lizard can live in excess of 20 years.
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The eastern blue tongue becomes sexually mature between 561 and 590 days. The
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shows signs of having a stable population, whereas its sister species, the
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754:"The lingual dorsal surface of the blue-tongue skink (Tiliqua scincoides)"
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genus, the T Scincoides species, and the T. s. Scincoides subspecies.
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is native to southern and eastern Australia. On the other hand, the T
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Phillips, C. A.; Roffey, J. B.; Hall, E.; Johnson, Rsp (July 2016).
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calculated to determine the sex of the blue tongued eastern lizard.
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The lizards also hiss, which adds fear to any potential predators.
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This specific species is closely related to 2 other species,
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Lambert, Helen; Carder, Gemma; D’Cruze, Neil (2019-10-17).
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Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
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1176:"blue-tongue skink tiliqua: Topics by Science.gov"
395:According to a consensus published in 2017 by the
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1284:American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content
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973:. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library.
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440:is native to northern Australia and the
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1389:, Melissa Kaplan's Herp Care Collection
1368:San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library
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661:Interactions with humans and livestock
575:The large predatory birds include the
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641:The eastern blue tongue skink has an
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476:Reproductive cycle and parental care
1506:IUCN Red List least concern species
618:It has been hypothesized that the
290:Eastern blue-tongued skink in the
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1296:10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1490
758:Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
242:The eastern blue-tongued lizard (
770:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00952.x
70:
1352:"Australian blue-tongued skink"
366:more often than adult lizards.
270:class, the Squamata order, the
1357:. Potter Park Zoo. March 2017.
591:, and domestic cats and dogs.
1:
1444:Tiliqua_scincoides_scincoides
1415:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
1346:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1232:10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.003
1070:Australian Veterinary Journal
1003:Shea, Glenn M. (1993-01-01).
692:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
655:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
630:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
620:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
600:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
499:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
489:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
482:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
434:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
430:Tiliqua scincoides intermedia
385:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
359:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
332:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
244:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
232:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
210:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
190:Tiliqua scincoides scincoides
1362:Jirik, Kate (9 March 2021).
1271:"Eastern Blue-tongue Lizard"
1041:"Eastern Blue-tongue Lizard"
438:iliqua scincoides intermedia
256:Tiliqua scincoides scincoide
252:Tiliqua scincoides scincoide
528:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
508:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
471:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
442:Tiliqua scincoides chimaera
424:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
411:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
378:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
354:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
327:Eastern blue-tongued lizard
216:eastern blue-tongued lizard
21:Eastern blue-tongued skink
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1516:Reptiles described in 1790
250:in the genus Tiliqua. The
893:10.1007/s00114-015-1293-4
292:Leipzig Zoological Garden
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67:Scientific classification
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1305:Cell and Tissue Research
1009:Herpetology in Australia
569:Aspidites malanocephalus
1397:, James Cook University
1017:10.7882/RZSNSW.1993.063
958:Myhre & Hammel 1969
873:Die Naturwissenschaften
595:Behavior and physiology
561:red bellied black snake
533:Predators and parasites
740:Australian Museum 2000
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1275:The Australian Museum
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614:Protective coloration
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172:T. s. scincoides
1382:BlueTongueSkinks.net
1263:Animal Diversity Web
1011:. pp. 397–403.
943:Potter Park Zoo 2017
643:olfactory epithelium
577:laughing kookaburras
557:Pseudechis australis
513:than in Queensland.
1511:Skinks of Australia
1394:Tiliqua scincoides
1387:Blue-tongued skinks
1257:Abbey, Don (2000).
885:2015SciNa.102...42A
573:eastern brown snake
565:black headed python
370:Conservation status
37:Conservation status
1341:Tiliqua scincoides
1317:10.1007/BF00221807
1130:10.3390/ani9100821
687:Tiliqua scincoides
625:Tiliqua scincoides
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1082:10.1111/avj.12429
991:Szabo et al. 2019
666:gardening tools.
308:snout-vent length
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1500:Categories
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1050:2021-10-21
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670:References
282:Appearance
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220:Australia
152:Species:
134:Scincidae
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84:Eukaryota
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268:Reptilia
264:Chordata
260:Animalia
130:Family:
124:Squamata
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104:Chordata
100:Phylum:
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300:Germany
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