967:
seriously corrupt but improving: Iraq's score remained constant or rose every year, rising from 16 to 23 over the eleven years. Its 2023 score of 23 ranked it 154th of 180 countries. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best 2023 score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the average score among Middle
Eastern and North African countries was 34. The highest score among Middle Eastern and North African countries was 68 and the lowest score was 13.
2211:
1103:. The Commission had several changes following the replacement of its director in November 2022: Judge Alaa Jawad Al-Saadi resigned as he considered he could not properly pursue his mission at the head of the entity after the commission was subject to campaigns of "distortion" and "defamation". The Iraqi Prime Minister accepted the resignation and nominated Judge Haider Hanoun Zayer to head the commission.
2221:
1009:
sites. When they spot wrongdoings, such as an extra floor in a building, an agreement is struck with the developer. The public official takes a bribe and in return, the state employee reduces the fine. The contractor pays the ticket and continues the project. Even if the builder pays in full, the fines are too small to deter construction companies when compared to the lucrative construction sector.
30:
986:, and red tape and inefficiency continue to persist. Government contracting is an area reported to be affected by high-levels of illicit activity, and public contracts are often awarded to companies connected to political leaders. Investors may come under pressure to take on well-connected local partners to avoid
1036:
In 2015, mass protests against corruption were observed in the capital
Baghdad and in main large cities. Protesters were denouncing the low quality of public services as well as the regular power cuts the population suffers. They called for the authorities to take action, denouncing them as "corrupt"
1008:
in the construction sector. The neighborhood has experienced a construction boom since the 2003 invasion. Despite the many construction infractions, only a fraction of the revenue from government fines reaches the state treasury. Iraqi civil servants go around the neighborhood to inspect construction
956:. Endemic corruption pervades Iraq's oil and gas sectors, which still accounts for more than 99 percent of the country’s exports and 85 percent of the government’s budget. The Iraqi economy is predominantly a cash economy, making it almost impossible to trace the amount or the path the money follows.
966:
scores 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean") and then ranks the countries by their score; the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. From 2013 to 2023, the
Corruption Perceptions Index indicated that the Iraqi public sector was
1118:
In
October 2022, the Federal Commission of Integrity announced it started an investigation on a theft of 3.7 trillion Iraqi dinars ($ 2.5 billion). Those funds were allegedly stolen from the Tax Authority account. According to several publications based on the declaration of the Iraqi Finance
1087:
or "Abu
Ragheef Committee" (Court order No. 29) to deal with major corruption and criminal offenses. The special commission was placed under the authority of the Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, and headed by Lieutenant General
1012:
In the summer of 2022, an Iraqi anti-corruption commission uncovered a massive corruption scandal where US$ 700 million had been stolen from Iraqi state banks. The fraud resulted in a state of chaos and instability in government banking systems.
1110:, who expressed his will to make the fight against corruption one of his top priority, announced the creation of a Supreme Anti-Corruption Commission to accelerate the investigation of major corruption files and the recovery of those wanted.
1126:
announced that Iraq recovered a part of the money stolen. According to him, one of the businessmen involved in the scandal Nour
Zouhair Jassem, who admitted received a part of the funds, gave back around US$ 125 million.
1793:
1074:
indicated that a majority of Iraqis were dissatisfied with the government's efforts in fighting corruption. In 2019, over 80% of Iraqis were concerned about worsening corruption at the highest levels of government.
1016:
In
October 2022, Iraq’s acting finance minister Ihsan Jabbar shocked the nation by announcing an investigation into US$ 2.5 billion that had gone missing from Iraq’s General Commission for Taxes, a department in the
1143:
Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab
Emirates, and Yemen
928:
1821:
1343:
202:
1437:
1769:
1186:
1380:
152:
921:
1401:
1292:
1119:
Ministry, the money was reportedly transferred from the account of a governmental agency held by the
Rafidain Bank to 5 companies in 2021 and 2022.
1208:
2125:
1570:
1099:
is an independent entity in charge of investigating cases of corruption committed at every levels of the State. It was created in 2004 by the
914:
629:
142:
1852:
1510:
1226:
574:
1699:
132:
1347:
2176:
137:
147:
1083:
In August 2020, the Iraqi Prime
Minister, Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, announced the formation of a supreme investigation committee called
744:
589:
1700:"Iraqi PM tries to assure skeptics of anti-corruption initiative - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"
1456:
2186:
1935:
1825:
1419:
770:
212:
2265:
2255:
2250:
1096:
898:
679:
2100:
1678:
2145:
2045:
1474:
674:
669:
488:
1621:
1161:
1156:
1794:"L'Irak annonce avoir récupéré une fraction des 2,5 milliards de dollars volés au fisc, après un scandale de corruption"
1182:
963:
1183:"Iraq estimates that $ 150 billion of its oil money has been stolen from the country since the US-led invasion of 2003"
2245:
232:
1123:
1107:
2181:
1372:
2140:
2095:
2060:
1538:
1071:
1063:
Corruption in Iraq and subsequent ongoing protests of 2018 and 2019 resulted in then resignation of Prime Minister
1018:
959:
528:
297:
287:
1747:
1045:
to take a strong stance against corruption. These protests became occasional and were organized from time to time
975:
Political parties and public servants are considered corrupt, and petty corruption is highly institutionalized in
2260:
2150:
1985:
1980:
1875:
893:
796:
734:
498:
478:
348:
302:
197:
2015:
1723:
1293:"CPI 2023 for Middle East & North Africa: Dysfunctional approach to fighting corruption undermines progress"
2105:
2080:
1995:
1975:
1925:
1895:
1885:
1867:
1845:
1046:
997:
786:
664:
654:
533:
513:
453:
448:
398:
368:
358:
2191:
952:
stated that US$ 150 billion of oil money had been stolen and smuggled out of Iraq in corrupt deals since the
2135:
2070:
2065:
1945:
1100:
888:
872:
827:
811:
649:
503:
493:
413:
257:
54:
993:
Corruption in Iraq is endemic, systemic, and the main threat to Iraq's stability after the defeat of ISIS.
2155:
2085:
2040:
2020:
2010:
1910:
1089:
857:
847:
806:
719:
714:
694:
579:
518:
483:
463:
383:
332:
312:
222:
187:
182:
2196:
2050:
2110:
2035:
2025:
2005:
1890:
1880:
953:
867:
852:
832:
739:
699:
659:
624:
619:
609:
599:
594:
584:
569:
564:
559:
538:
468:
458:
403:
363:
353:
317:
292:
282:
277:
267:
262:
247:
242:
217:
109:
89:
2090:
2055:
1990:
1970:
1960:
1920:
1905:
1900:
1240:
837:
765:
760:
729:
709:
704:
689:
684:
644:
639:
614:
604:
523:
443:
438:
428:
393:
378:
373:
327:
322:
252:
177:
21:
1028:
claimed in an interview that corruption cost the country US$ 600 billion between 2003 and mid-2020.
2165:
2115:
2075:
2030:
1965:
1940:
1930:
1915:
1838:
1057:
1053:
842:
801:
724:
634:
543:
508:
473:
433:
408:
388:
307:
272:
237:
227:
207:
2220:
1492:
2000:
1950:
1595:
1025:
862:
791:
418:
192:
69:
1653:
1629:
1546:
1064:
1042:
123:
59:
1038:
2239:
2214:
1266:
104:
64:
1084:
949:
1770:"Iraq PM-elect Al Sudani vows to curb corruption after $ 2.5bn embezzlement case"
2224:
987:
79:
74:
1438:"Nearly $ 700 million stolen from Iraq state banks: Anti-corruption commission"
1005:
941:
94:
1633:
1550:
1227:"Iran's Trail Of Political And Economic Chaos: Part I – The Iraqi Experience"
1457:"'Heist of the century': how $ 2.5bn was plundered from Iraqi state funds"
29:
1241:"The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated"
1067:
on November 30, 2019. He was replaced by Mustafa Al-Kadhimi in May 2020.
114:
84:
49:
1060:, of which corruption in Iraq is one of the main causes, among several.
1001:
44:
1596:"Protesters block roads to Iraqi port, demand end to foreign meddling"
1475:"Former Iraq PM Al-Kadhimi says corruption cost country $ 600 billion"
1321:
1830:
99:
1679:"Head of Iraq's Integrity Commission Resigns | Iraq Business News"
1209:"TotalEnergies Pushes Ahead With Iraq Megadeal Despite Huge Risks"
983:
976:
945:
1834:
1539:"Thousands of Iraqis protest against corruption and power cuts"
1511:"Irak : des milliers de manifestants contre la corruption"
1724:"السوداني يوجه بتشكيل الهيئة العليا لمكافحة الفساد - شفق نيوز"
1402:"Iraq: The changing face of Baghdad's historic neighbourhoods"
1052:
Iraqi dissatisfaction with corruption boiled over with large
1728:السوداني يوجه بتشكيل الهيئة العليا لمكافحة الفساد - شفق نيوز
1654:"المحكمة الاتحادية تلغي لجنة أبو رغيف المختصة بقضايا الفساد"
1622:"Iraqi Prime Minister Resigns in Deepening Political Crisis"
1420:"Iraqi Banks Misappropriated $ 700 Million in Public Funds"
982:
Corruption is considered an obstacle for doing business in
1748:"$ 2.5bn Tax Fraud Uncovered in Iraq | Iraq Business News"
1000:
investigation, residents of Harthiya, a neighborhood in
1493:"مصطفى الكاظمي: الفساد في العراق التهم 600 مليار دولار"
1037:
and "thiefs". The higher Shiite leader at the time,
2164:
2124:
1866:
1021:. It was described as "the heist of the century".
1346:. Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from
1533:
1531:
1106:In November 2022, the new Iraqi Prime Minister
1620:Rubin, Alissa J.; Hassan, Falih (2019-11-30).
1846:
1577:(in French). Agence France-Presse. 2015-08-08
1024:In March 2023, Iraq's former Prime Minister,
922:
8:
1768:Naar, Ismaeel; Mahmoud, Sinan (2022-10-16).
1571:"Manifestation contre la corruption en Irak"
944:is pervasive at all levels of government in
153:United Nations Convention against Corruption
1122:Later in November 2022, the Prime Minister
1853:
1839:
1831:
1373:"Corruption Continues to Destabilize Iraq"
929:
915:
166:
17:
1267:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Iraq"
1173:
1136:
880:
819:
778:
752:
551:
340:
169:
160:
122:
36:
20:
1367:
1365:
1079:Anti-corruption governmental entities
1041:, even called for the Prime Minister
143:International Anti-Corruption Academy
7:
1545:. Agence France-Presse. 2015-08-07.
1316:
1314:
1455:Foltyn, Simona (20 November 2022).
133:International Anti-Corruption Court
1322:"Global Corruption Barometer 2013"
138:Group of States Against Corruption
14:
1181:Tawfeeq, Mohammed (23 May 2021).
148:International Anti-Corruption Day
2219:
2210:
2209:
1207:Watkins, Simon (11 April 2023).
1058:2019 as part of ongoing protests
203:Democratic Republic of the Congo
28:
1826:Business Anti-Corruption Portal
1383:from the original on 2020-03-28
1189:from the original on 2021-05-23
2177:British Indian Ocean Territory
1039:Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani
1032:Protests and political impacts
1:
1324:. Transparency International
964:Corruption Perceptions Index
1229:. MEMRI. September 1, 2020.
2282:
1072:Transparency International
960:Transparency International
2205:
1926:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1162:2019–2021 Iraqi protests
1157:2015–2018 Iraqi protests
2187:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1822:Iraq Corruption Profile
1800:(in French). 2022-11-27
1660:(in Arabic). 2022-02-03
1101:Iraqi Governing Council
1097:Commission of Integrity
55:Economics of corruption
1344:"Iraq Country Profile"
1090:Ahmed Taha Abu Ragheef
575:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2266:Corruption by country
2256:Crime in Iraq by type
2251:Social issues in Iraq
948:. In 2021, President
161:Corruption by country
110:State-corporate crime
90:Pyrrhic defeat theory
2101:United Arab Emirates
1408:. September 9, 2020.
1047:from 2015 until 2018
22:Political corruption
2128:limited recognition
1658:Rudaw Media Network
1019:Ministry of Finance
2246:Corruption in Asia
1861:Corruption in Asia
1704:www.al-monitor.com
1626:The New York Times
1379:. 1 October 2019.
1247:. 20 December 2021
1026:Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
954:2003 U.S. invasion
70:Influence peddling
37:Forms and concepts
2233:
2232:
2170:other territories
1299:. 30 January 2024
1273:. 30 January 2024
1070:A 2013 survey by
939:
938:
906:
905:
213:Equatorial Guinea
2273:
2261:Politics of Iraq
2223:
2213:
2212:
2182:Christmas Island
1868:Sovereign states
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1515:L'Orient-Le Jour
1507:
1501:
1500:
1499:. 14 March 2023.
1497:emaratalyoum.com
1489:
1483:
1482:
1481:. 13 March 2023.
1471:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1297:Transparency.org
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1271:Transparency.org
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1245:Transparency.org
1237:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1178:
1144:
1141:
1065:Adil Abdul Mahdi
1054:protests in 2018
931:
924:
917:
899:Papua New Guinea
680:Northern Ireland
167:
32:
18:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2201:
2169:
2160:
2141:Northern Cyprus
2127:
2120:
1862:
1859:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1426:. 10 June 2022.
1418:
1417:
1413:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:on 14 July 2015
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1116:
1114:Recent scandals
1081:
1056:, and again in
1043:Haider al-Abadi
1034:
1004:alleged severe
973:
935:
779:Central America
675:North Macedonia
124:Anti-corruption
60:Electoral fraud
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1817:
1816:External links
1814:
1811:
1810:
1785:
1760:
1739:
1715:
1691:
1670:
1645:
1612:
1587:
1562:
1527:
1502:
1484:
1466:
1447:
1444:. 9 June 2022.
1429:
1411:
1393:
1361:
1335:
1310:
1284:
1258:
1232:
1218:
1199:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1115:
1112:
1080:
1077:
1033:
1030:
972:
969:
937:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
822:
821:
817:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
781:
780:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
755:
754:
750:
749:
748:
747:
745:United Kingdom
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:Czech Republic
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
172:
171:
163:
162:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:South Ossetia
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1377:Chatham House
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
989:
985:
980:
978:
970:
968:
965:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
932:
927:
925:
920:
918:
913:
912:
910:
909:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
879:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
823:
820:South America
818:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
771:United States
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
753:North America
751:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
550:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
339:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
233:Guinea-Bissau
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
125:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
105:State capture
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
65:Elite capture
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
42:
41:
40:
35:
31:
27:
26:
23:
19:
16:
2166:Dependencies
2096:Turkmenistan
2061:Saudi Arabia
1955:
1802:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1774:The National
1773:
1763:
1752:. Retrieved
1750:. 2022-10-17
1742:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1681:. 2022-11-15
1673:
1662:. Retrieved
1657:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1602:. 2019-11-03
1599:
1590:
1579:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1554:. Retrieved
1543:The Guardian
1542:
1519:. Retrieved
1517:. 2015-08-07
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1479:The New Arab
1478:
1469:
1461:The Guardian
1460:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1376:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1235:
1221:
1213:Oilprice.com
1212:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1176:
1139:
1121:
1117:
1105:
1094:
1085:Committee 29
1082:
1069:
1062:
1051:
1035:
1023:
1015:
1011:
995:
992:
988:bureaucratic
981:
974:
958:
950:Barham Salih
940:
529:Turkmenistan
423:
298:South Africa
288:Sierra Leone
15:
2225:Asia portal
2126:States with
2046:Philippines
1986:South Korea
1981:North Korea
1876:Afghanistan
1328:25 February
894:New Zealand
797:El Salvador
787:Costa Rica
735:Switzerland
670:Netherlands
499:South Korea
489:Philippines
479:North Korea
349:Afghanistan
303:South Sudan
80:Mafia state
75:Kleptocracy
2240:Categories
2106:Uzbekistan
2081:Tajikistan
1996:Kyrgyzstan
1976:Kazakhstan
1896:Bangladesh
1886:Azerbaijan
1804:2023-02-23
1798:Franceinfo
1779:2023-02-15
1754:2023-02-15
1733:2023-02-28
1709:2023-02-15
1685:2023-02-15
1664:2023-04-16
1639:2019-12-21
1606:2019-11-04
1581:2023-02-23
1556:2023-02-23
1521:2023-02-23
1442:Al-Arabiya
1406:Al Jazeera
1387:2019-11-04
1193:2021-05-23
1168:References
1006:corruption
998:Al Jazeera
942:Corruption
665:Montenegro
655:Luxembourg
534:Uzbekistan
514:Tajikistan
454:Kazakhstan
449:Kyrgyzstan
399:East Timor
369:Bangladesh
359:Azerbaijan
95:Slush fund
2192:Hong Kong
2146:Palestine
2071:Sri Lanka
2066:Singapore
1946:Indonesia
1824:from the
1634:0362-4331
1575:Le Devoir
1551:0261-3077
1124:Al-Sudani
1108:Al-Sudani
990:hurdles.
979:society.
889:Australia
873:Venezuela
828:Argentina
812:Nicaragua
650:Lithuania
504:Sri Lanka
494:Singapore
414:Indonesia
258:Mauritius
2215:Category
2136:Abkhazia
2086:Thailand
2041:Pakistan
2021:Mongolia
2016:Maldives
2011:Malaysia
1911:Cambodia
1381:Archived
1303:25 March
1277:25 March
1251:25 March
1187:Archived
1151:See also
971:Dynamics
858:Paraguay
848:Colombia
807:Honduras
720:Slovenia
715:Slovakia
695:Portugal
580:Bulgaria
519:Thailand
484:Pakistan
464:Malaysia
384:Cambodia
333:Zimbabwe
313:Tanzania
223:Ethiopia
188:Cameroon
183:Botswana
115:Throffer
85:Nepotism
50:Cronyism
2111:Vietnam
2026:Myanmar
2006:Lebanon
1936:Georgia
1891:Bahrain
1881:Armenia
1600:Reuters
1354:14 July
1185:. CNN.
1002:Baghdad
881:Oceania
868:Uruguay
853:Ecuador
833:Bolivia
740:Ukraine
700:Romania
660:Moldova
630:Ireland
625:Iceland
620:Hungary
610:Germany
600:Finland
595:Denmark
585:Croatia
570:Belgium
565:Austria
560:Albania
539:Vietnam
469:Myanmar
459:Lebanon
404:Georgia
364:Bahrain
354:Armenia
318:Tunisia
293:Somalia
283:Senegal
278:Nigeria
268:Namibia
263:Morocco
248:Liberia
243:Lesotho
218:Eritrea
198:Comoros
45:Bribery
2156:Taiwan
2091:Turkey
2056:Russia
1991:Kuwait
1971:Jordan
1961:Israel
1921:Cyprus
1906:Brunei
1901:Bhutan
1632:
1549:
996:In an
838:Brazil
766:Mexico
761:Canada
730:Sweden
710:Serbia
705:Russia
690:Poland
685:Norway
645:Latvia
640:Kosovo
615:Greece
605:France
552:Europe
524:Turkey
444:Kuwait
439:Jordan
429:Israel
394:Cyprus
379:Brunei
374:Bhutan
328:Zambia
323:Uganda
253:Malawi
178:Angola
170:Africa
100:Simony
2197:Macau
2116:Yemen
2076:Syria
2051:Qatar
2031:Nepal
1966:Japan
1941:India
1931:Egypt
1916:China
1424:OCCRP
1131:Notes
977:Iraqi
843:Chile
802:Haiti
725:Spain
635:Italy
544:Yemen
509:Syria
474:Nepal
434:Japan
409:India
389:China
308:Sudan
273:Niger
238:Kenya
228:Ghana
208:Egypt
2036:Oman
2001:Laos
1956:Iraq
1951:Iran
1630:ISSN
1547:ISSN
1356:2015
1330:2014
1305:2024
1279:2024
1253:2024
1095:The
984:Iraq
946:Iraq
863:Peru
792:Cuba
424:Iraq
419:Iran
341:Asia
193:Chad
2168:and
962:'s
2242::
1796:.
1772:.
1726:.
1702:.
1656:.
1628:.
1624:.
1598:.
1573:.
1541:.
1530:^
1513:.
1495:.
1477:.
1459:.
1440:.
1422:.
1404:.
1375:.
1364:^
1313:^
1295:.
1269:.
1243:.
1211:.
1092:.
1049:.
1854:e
1847:t
1840:v
1807:.
1782:.
1757:.
1736:.
1712:.
1688:.
1667:.
1642:.
1609:.
1584:.
1559:.
1524:.
1463:.
1390:.
1358:.
1332:.
1307:.
1281:.
1255:.
1215:.
1196:.
930:e
923:t
916:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
