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973:. Its fortifications were steadily enlarged and strengthened over the years by successive owners, which made it one of the strongest fortresses in Europe. Through its formidable defences it became known as the "Gibraltar of the North". The Luxembourg counts lost the Limburg heritage when they were defeated by the
879:
During the following years, a small town and market grew around the new castle. Its first inhabitants were probably servants of Count
Siegfried and clergy of Saint Michael's Church. The settlement soon received additional protection by the construction of a partial
907:, was the first count known to have established his permanent residence there, as in a 1089 document, he is referred to as "comes Henricus de Lutzeleburg". By 1083, this lower town contained two churches and bridges over the
875:
that provided prospects for trade and taxation. Although the history of
Luxembourg began with the castle's construction, it seems that Siegfried and his immediate successors did not make the castle their primary residence.
799:, meaning fortification, which might have referred to either the remains of a Roman watchtower or to a primitive refuge of the Early Middle Ages. The first known reference to the territory was by Julius Caesar in his
1210:; Etudes sur l'histoire et l'archéologie urbaines, sous la direction du Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg, Publications Scientifiques du Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg, tome 2, Luxembourg 1998
597:
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1198:, sous la direction de Michel Margue, Publications du Musée d'Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg, Publications du CLUDEM tome 7, Luxembourg 1994
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791:. The name is usually translated from the Latin as "little castle". However, modern historians believe that the etymology of the word
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Ermesinde et l'affranchissement de la ville de
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855:. In the following years, Siegfried built a new castle on the site of the ruins, on a rock later called "
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951:
687:
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died without heirs, the
Ardennes–Luxembourg branch became extinct and the county, by order of Emperor
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rivers. Its inhabitants' occupations included fishing, baking, and milling. In the same year, the
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and the Roman road, a further settlement was established in the
Alzette Valley, today the
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in 1312, the first of three emperors provided by the House of
Luxembourg. His son,
848:
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17:
1204:, P. J. MĂĽller, Luxemburg 1963, Verlag "de Frendeskres", Imprimerie Bourg-Bourger
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The town of
Luxembourg became the centre of a state of strategic value in the
860:
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903:(d. 1086) was the first to call himself a "Count of Luxembourg". His son,
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Upon the extinction of the
Luxembourg dynasty, the duchy passed to the
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By 1060 the fortress had been extended by
Siegfried's descendants.
1218:, Information and Press Service of the Government, Luxembourg 2022
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839:. Siegfried first appeared about 950. He was possibly a son of
966:, thus securing her own succession as Countess of Luxembourg.
29:
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in 1310, whereafter the dynasty moved their seat of power to
771:, authors attributed different names to Luxembourg, such as:
756:
and the Holy Roman Empire, and large parts were held by the
1073:
elevated it to the status of a duchy for his half-brother,
989:
had been killed in battle, settled the quarrel by marrying
958:) raised claims to the throne. Henry the Blind's daughter,
720:
in the 5th century, the
Luxembourg region became part of
696:
tribes in the 2nd Century BCE. After the conquests of
1202:
Tatsachen aus der Geschichte des Luxemburger Landes
819:The ruined, supposedly Roman, fortification called
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1116:, some of the former duchy's territory became the
692:The historic region of Luxembourg was settled by
1237:1350s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
704:from 58 to 51 BC, it was incorporated into the
1208:Vivre au Moyen Age: Luxembourg, Metz et Trèves
642:("Little Fortress") Castle in the present-day
1061:were combined. Luxembourg was an independent
923:was founded on the hill behind the castle by
859:". The castle dominated a stretch of the old
8:
1232:960s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1025:was formed when the counties of Luxembourg,
169:
155:
1146:"Luxembourg | national capital, Luxembourg"
183:
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888:. In addition to the small town near the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1120:under the rule of, but not part of, the
1069:until 1353, when the Luxembourg emperor
1137:
823:was first mentioned in 963, when Count
748:in 959. Since 925, it has belonged to
1092:of the Holy Roman Empire, by Emperor
946:. When Henry the Blind died in 1196,
938:, passed to Conrad's maternal cousin
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1088:in 1482. It was integrated into the
728:. In 843, Luxembourg became part of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
658:from the 11th century onwards. The
1215:About... The History of Luxembourg
1112:. Following agreement at the 1815
813:See also: The folkloric legend of
25:
1252:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire
993:in 1292. In 1308, he was elected
1242:1353 disestablishments in Europe
1104:, Luxembourg was annexed to the
1075:Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg
1041:county since 31 July 1264), the
712:. Upon the invasion of Germanic
648:Siegfried, Count of the Ardennes
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650:in 963. His descendants of the
45:needs additional citations for
1173:. Catholic Encyclopaedia. 1913
802:Commentaries on the Gallic War
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire
1:
925:Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg
604:territory (orange) about 1250
1124:, after which it joined the
795:is a derivation of the word
1257:Former monarchies of Europe
847:was a granddaughter of the
652:Ardennes–Luxembourg dynasty
386:House of Ardenne–Luxembourg
1273:
1122:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1098:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
827:acquired it from Wikerus,
812:
685:
1118:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
1102:French Revolutionary Wars
1084:in 1443, and then to the
841:Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
716:from the East during the
654:began to call themselves
636:. It arose from medieval
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1082:House of Valois-Burgundy
948:Count Otto I of Burgundy
185:Comitatus Luxemburgensis
1150:Encyclopædia Britannica
1049:, and the districts of
964:Count Theobald I of Bar
932:Conrad II of Luxembourg
896:quarter of Luxembourg.
520:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
981:. Nevertheless, Count
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230:Luxembourg within the
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69:"County of Luxembourg"
752:, predecessor of the
688:History of Luxembourg
674:for supremacy in the
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264:Common languages
143:Grofschaft LĂ«tzebuerg
1247:County of Luxembourg
1126:German Confederation
1086:Archduchy of Austria
956:Frederick Barbarossa
656:Counts of Luxembourg
610:County of Luxembourg
157:Grafschaft Luxemburg
138:County of Luxembourg
54:improve this article
1023:Duchy of Luxembourg
991:Margaret of Brabant
979:Battle of Worringen
930:In 1136 when Count
853:Louis the Stammerer
833:St. Maximin's Abbey
758:Abbey of Echternach
744:) and, finally, of
660:House of Luxembourg
533:Duchy of Luxembourg
450:• Occupied by
424:• Held by the
384:• Acquired by
371:• Obtained by
313:Count of Luxembourg
171:Comté de Luxembourg
1114:Congress of Vienna
999:Holy Roman Emperor
995:King of the Romans
754:Kingdom of Germany
726:Carolingian Empire
644:City of Luxembourg
606:
595:
18:Count of Luxemburg
1090:Burgundian Circle
1067:Holy Roman Empire
843:, and his mother
765:Early Middle Ages
710:Germania Inferior
676:Holy Roman Empire
672:House of Habsburg
634:Holy Roman Empire
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410:• Raised to
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294:Roman Catholicism
248:Holy Roman Empire
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43:This article
41:
37:
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1195:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:"Luxembourg"
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1079:
1020:
977:in the 1288
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952:Hohenstaufen
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785:Luccelemburc
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750:East Francia
708:province of
691:
664:cadet branch
637:
609:
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601:
593:, Luxembourg
590:
502:Succeeded by
501:
496:
216:Coat of arms
131:
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
917:Benedictine
769:Renaissance
738:Lotharingia
702:Gallic Wars
700:during the
497:Preceded by
465:Grand Duchy
360:Middle Ages
1226:Categories
1155:27 October
1132:References
1106:department
1071:Charles IV
1051:Thionville
962:, married
936:Lothair II
921:AltmĂĽnster
861:Roman road
793:Luxembourg
781:LĂĽtzelburg
626:LĂ«tzebuerg
618:Luxembourg
602:LĂĽtzelburg
591:Bock Fiels
561:Luxembourg
437:• To
345:Charles IV
301:Government
258:Luxembourg
110:April 2016
80:newspapers
1094:Charles V
1043:Marquisat
1017:Elevation
1005:, became
983:Henry VII
960:Ermesinde
942:from the
919:abbey of
905:Henry III
890:Bockfiels
882:city wall
857:Bockfiels
845:Cunigunda
825:Siegfried
789:Lichtburg
763:From the
290:Religion
201:1059–1353
1059:Marville
987:Henry VI
954:emperor
901:Conrad I
863:linking
815:Melusina
777:Lutzburg
740:in 855 (
736:), then
724:and the
628:) was a
439:Habsburg
373:Sigfried
332:Conrad I
1177:30 July
1096:in the
1065:of the
1055:Bitburg
1035:Vianden
1031:Laroche
913:Petruss
909:Alzette
767:to the
722:Francia
682:History
666:of the
632:of the
571:Germany
566:Belgium
463:•
334:(first)
254:Capital
246:of the
94:scholar
1110:ForĂŞts
1039:vassal
1027:Durbuy
809:County
714:Franks
694:Celtic
614:French
576:France
452:France
399:county
347:(last)
317:
281:French
276:German
240:Status
234:, 1350
188:
178:French
174:
164:German
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96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1047:Arlon
894:Grund
873:Trier
869:Arlon
865:Reims
851:King
837:Trier
829:Abbot
797:Letze
706:Roman
630:State
412:duchy
244:State
192:Latin
101:JSTOR
87:books
1179:2006
1157:2016
1063:fief
1057:and
1033:and
1021:The
911:and
886:moat
884:and
871:and
662:, a
608:The
471:1815
457:1795
444:1482
431:1443
418:1353
404:1214
391:1059
73:news
1108:of
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56:by
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