1425:
515:(325). Conciliarism also drew on corporate theories of the church, which allowed the head to be restrained or judged by the members when his actions threatened the welfare of the whole ecclesial body. The canonists and theologians who advocated conciliar superiority drew on the same sources used by Marsilius and Ockham, but they used them in a more conservative way. They wanted to unify, defend and reform the institution under clerical control, not advance a Franciscan or a lay agenda. Among the theorists of this more clerical conciliarism were
35:
1702:
495:
about Christ and the apostles owning nothing individually or in common. Some of his arguments include that the election by the faithful, or their representatives, confers the position of pope and further limits the papal authority. The catholic (universal) church is the congregation of the faithful,
334:
602:) were to receive it from him in the ordinary course of the law and were subject to him," and that "it must be demonstrated that Christ gave the plenitude of ecclesiastical power not to the community of the Church but to a single person in it."
1424:
548:
that the universal Church is a church of the faithful, not the priests. Marsilius focused on the idea that the inequality of the priesthood has no divine basis and that Jesus, not the pope, is the only head of the
Catholic Church.
405:
1159:
398:
1152:
391:
1145:
179:
140:
880:
1172:
640:
Although conciliarist strains of thought remain within the Church, Rome and the teaching of the
Catholic Church maintains that the Pope is the
487:(d. 1349) wrote some of the earliest documents outlining the basic understanding of conciliarism. His goal in these writings was removal of
1634:
1399:
889:
554:
1742:
1737:
507:
Conciliar theory has its roots and foundations in both history and theology, arguing that many of the most important decisions of the
1747:
1727:
1100:
1079:
1058:
1032:
1004:
937:
869:
1654:
1611:
270:
1732:
1168:
613:
599:
575:
497:
465:
609:
1476:
997:
Foundations of the conciliar theory : the contribution of the medieval canonists from
Gratian to the Great Schism
992:
456:(1414–1418), which succeeded and proclaimed its own superiority over the Pope. Conciliarism reached its apex with the
504:. While the universal Church cannot fall into heresy, it is known that the Pope has fallen into heresy in the past.
308:
927:
1345:
1137:
598:
and only he received the power of jurisdiction immediately from Christ in an ordinary way, so that the others (
315:
531:
synthesized this strain of conciliarism, balancing hierarchy with consent and representation of the faithful.
512:
372:
302:
1752:
1706:
1649:
676:
665:
343:
460:(1431–1449), which ultimately fell apart. The eventual victor in the conflict was the institution of the
1681:
910:
657:
492:
473:
83:
1629:
612:, "Pius II that the doctrine holding General Councils of the Church to be superior to the Pope was
453:
282:
222:
1541:
1521:
1310:
1248:
1181:
675:
A new interest in conciliarism was awakened in
Catholic Church circles with the convocation of the
645:
524:
469:
360:
355:
78:
50:
1090:
980:
972:
846:
838:
669:
541:
426:
172:
128:
1554:
1481:
1216:
1096:
1075:
1054:
1028:
1000:
964:
933:
902:
894:
865:
842:
545:
520:
484:
113:
1686:
1409:
1044:
956:
830:
653:
528:
457:
213:
134:
64:
1387:
1377:
884:
641:
508:
449:
422:
73:
46:
34:
1644:
1621:
1451:
1414:
1298:
1278:
1243:
1236:
893:(Spring 2012 ed.). Stanford, CA: Metaphysics Research Lab at Stanford University.
700:
583:
536:
488:
437:
348:
249:
1721:
1584:
1549:
1394:
1357:
1352:
1335:
1315:
1209:
984:
850:
695:
661:
629:
625:
367:
123:
108:
103:
68:
42:
1674:
1559:
1404:
1367:
1330:
1273:
1194:
834:
649:
605:
595:
570:
Many members of the Church continued to believe that the pope, as the successor of
377:
260:
208:
188:
162:
1111:
1069:
1048:
1022:
859:
1664:
1604:
1594:
1574:
1564:
1531:
1433:
1382:
1372:
1268:
1204:
1189:
821:
Breidenbach, Michael D. (2016-01-01). "Conciliarism and the
American Founding".
689:
618:
571:
559:
516:
265:
255:
243:
1701:
1071:
Unity, Heresy and Reform, 1378-1460: The
Conciliar Response to the Great Schism
1669:
1589:
1501:
1496:
1471:
1466:
1446:
1441:
1340:
1325:
1320:
1305:
1293:
1263:
1024:
The
Conciliarist Tradition: Constitutionalism in the Catholic Church 1300-1870
968:
898:
1659:
1639:
1599:
1579:
1569:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1486:
1456:
1362:
1283:
1253:
1221:
591:
277:
118:
17:
1506:
1491:
1258:
1231:
1226:
1199:
1288:
1122:
976:
445:
947:
Oakley, Francis (1972). "Conciliarism at the Fifth
Lateran Council?".
461:
960:
906:
501:
1092:
441:
430:
425:
which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an
1141:
1123:"Constance and its Aftermath: The Legacy of Conciliar Theory"
644:, and has the authority to issue infallible statements. This
511:
have been made through conciliar means, beginning with the
421:
was a reform movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century
574:, retained the supreme governing authority in the Church.
558:, that "in France conciliarism was one of the sources of
464:, confirmed by the condemnation of conciliarism at the
1113:
588:
On the comparison of the authority of pope and council
1169:
Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church
731:
729:
727:
1620:
1540:
1432:
1180:
608:was a major opponent of conciliarism. According to
746:
926:Marsilius of Padua (2005). Brett, Annabel (ed.).
496:not the institutional, which was promised to the
491:, who had revoked a decree favoring ideas of the
468:, 1512–1517. The final gesture, the doctrine of
452:(1409), which failed to end the schism, and the
114:Apiarius of Sicca § Appeal to the bishop of Rome
181:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
1153:
929:Marsilius of Padua: The Defender of the Peace
399:
184:§ The Third Wall: Authority to Call a Council
8:
768:
373:Josip Juraj Strossmayer § Catholic diplomacy
361:Old Catholic Church § First Vatican Council,
858:Burns, J.H.; Izbicki, Thomas, eds. (1997).
805:
586:vigorously defended papal authority in his
448:. The schism inspired the summoning of the
84:First Vatican Council § Papal infallibility
1160:
1146:
1138:
1050:Nicholas of Cusa: The Catholic Concordance
582:, completed ca. 1453. A generation later,
406:
392:
129:Gregory II Youssef § First Vatican Council
29:
932:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
864:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
781:The Meddlesome Friar and the Wayward Pope
757:
1127:University of Rochester Library Bulletin
436:The movement emerged in response to the
337:Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox
167:
792:Fortescue, Adrian and George D. Smith,
735:
712:
628:condemned the conciliarist writings of
273:bishops § Centralization of papal power
41:
27:14th- to 16th-century Catholic movement
719:
335:Ecclesiastical differences between the
119:Pentarchy § After the East–West Schism
590:. He wrote that "Peter alone had the
344:Ignaz von Döllinger § Papal authority
7:
1635:Community of the Lady of All Nations
999:(Enl. new ed.). Leiden: Brill.
890:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
796:, (First Giorgas Press, 2001), 210.
555:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
429:, apart from, or even against, the
168:Conciliarism § Modern conciliarism
25:
1700:
1423:
578:defended papal supremacy in his
472:, was not promulgated until the
356:Papal infallibility § Objections
33:
881:"Medieval Political Philosophy"
173:Ecumenical council § Acceptance
109:Episcopal see § Catholic Church
1095:. Cambridge University Press.
1053:. Cambridge University Press.
843:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467
835:10.5309/willmaryquar.73.3.0467
823:The William and Mary Quarterly
1:
552:John Kilcullen wrote, in the
363:Old Catholic Union of Utrecht
349:Ultramontanism § Position of
1121:Oakley, Francis (1987–88).
1045:Cardinal Nicholas (of Cusa)
1027:. Oxford University Press.
794:The Uniate Eastern Churches
201:Catholic episcopal councils
141:Eastern Orthodox opposition
1769:
1707:Catholic Church portal
1068:Crowder, C. M. D. (1977).
566:Opposition to conciliarism
329:Objections and controversy
309:Cum ex apostolatus officio
1743:14th-century Christianity
1738:15th-century Christianity
1695:
1421:
879:Kilcullen, John (2012) .
861:Conciliarism and papalism
1748:15th-century Catholicism
1728:Catholic Church councils
1110:Oakley, Francis (1969).
1021:Oakley, Francis (2008).
779:Michael de la Bedoyere,
769:Burns & Izbicki 1997
642:Vicar of Christ on earth
622:condemned conciliarism.
351:other apostolic churches
339:Church § Papal authority
316:Pascendi Dominici gregis
1089:Tierney, Brian (2008).
747:Marsilius of Padua 2005
513:First Council of Nicaea
440:between rival popes in
303:Development of doctrine
271:Appointment of Catholic
677:Second Vatican Council
610:Michael de la Bédoyère
1733:Catholic ecclesiology
1682:Positive Christianity
658:Immaculate Conception
493:Spiritual Franciscans
474:First Vatican Council
466:Fifth Lateran Council
1116:. Herder and Herder.
668:of the dogma of the
656:of the dogma of the
454:Council of Constance
283:Papal deposing power
223:The Ratzinger Report
124:Pope John XIX § Life
1650:Jehovah's Witnesses
1522:Spanish Adoptionism
646:papal infallibility
636:Modern conciliarism
525:Francesco Zabarella
470:papal infallibility
155:Ecumenical councils
79:Papal infallibility
1217:Antidicomarianites
670:Assumption of Mary
616:." Pius II's bull
576:Juan de Torquemada
542:Marsilius of Padua
427:ecumenical council
143:to papal supremacy
1715:
1714:
1555:Consubstantiation
1074:. Edward Arnold.
632:on June 3, 1816.
580:Summa de ecclesia
546:William of Ockham
485:William of Ockham
416:
415:
297:compared to popes
238:compared to popes
203:compared to popes
157:compared to popes
98:compared to popes
16:(Redirected from
1760:
1705:
1704:
1687:Reincarnationism
1427:
1410:Subordinationism
1395:Pneumatomachians
1326:Melchisedechians
1162:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1117:
1106:
1085:
1064:
1038:
1010:
988:
943:
922:
920:
918:
909:. Archived from
875:
854:
808:
806:Breidenbach 2016
803:
797:
790:
784:
777:
771:
766:
760:
755:
749:
744:
738:
733:
722:
717:
529:Nicholas of Cusa
480:Conciliar theory
458:Council of Basel
408:
401:
394:
278:Concordat § List
236:Political rulers
215:Christus Dominus
135:Ravenna Document
65:Primacy of Peter
37:
30:
21:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1699:
1691:
1616:
1542:Early modernity
1536:
1428:
1419:
1388:Semipelagianism
1378:Patripassianism
1176:
1166:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1043:
1035:
1020:
1017:
1015:Further reading
1007:
991:
961:10.2307/3163876
946:
940:
925:
916:
914:
885:Zalta, Edward N
878:
872:
857:
820:
817:
812:
811:
804:
800:
791:
787:
778:
774:
767:
763:
756:
752:
745:
741:
734:
725:
718:
714:
709:
685:
666:1950 definition
654:1854 definition
648:was invoked in
638:
568:
509:Catholic Church
482:
450:Council of Pisa
423:Catholic Church
412:
383:
382:
362:
350:
338:
336:
330:
322:
321:
298:
296:
288:
287:
272:
239:
237:
229:
228:
204:
202:
194:
193:
183:
175:of the councils
174:
158:
156:
148:
147:
142:
99:
97:
89:
88:
74:Papal supremacy
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Indifferentism
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Bosnian Church
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1415:Valentinianism
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Psilanthropism
1397:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1299:Valentinianism
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:Priscillianism
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:Collyridianism
1241:
1240:
1239:
1237:Circumcellions
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
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1157:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1086:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1005:
993:Tierney, Brian
989:
955:(4): 452–463.
949:Church History
944:
938:
923:
876:
870:
855:
829:(3): 467–500.
816:
813:
810:
809:
798:
785:
772:
761:
758:Kilcullen 2012
750:
739:
723:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
701:Ultramontanism
698:
693:
684:
681:
637:
634:
584:Thomas Cajetan
567:
564:
537:Defensor Pacis
521:Pierre d'Ailly
489:Pope John XXII
481:
478:
438:Western Schism
414:
413:
411:
410:
403:
396:
388:
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358:
353:
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341:
331:
328:
327:
324:
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320:
319:
312:
305:
299:
295:Existing dogma
294:
293:
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268:
263:
258:
253:
250:Patronato real
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100:
95:
94:
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90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
71:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1765:
1754:
1753:Papal primacy
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
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1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:Protestantism
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Antinomianism
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:Monothelitism
1356:
1354:
1353:Monophysitism
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:Monarchianism
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:Macedonianism
1314:
1312:
1311:Luciferianism
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:Semi-Arianism
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1102:9780521088084
1098:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1081:9780713159424
1077:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1060:9780521567732
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1034:9780199541249
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1006:9789004109247
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
941:
939:9781139447300
935:
931:
930:
924:
913:on 2013-12-02
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
877:
873:
871:9780521470896
867:
863:
862:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
807:
802:
799:
795:
789:
786:
782:
776:
773:
770:
765:
762:
759:
754:
751:
748:
743:
740:
737:
732:
730:
728:
724:
721:
716:
713:
706:
702:
699:
697:
696:Anticurialism
694:
692:
691:
687:
686:
682:
680:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
662:Pope Pius XII
660:of Mary, and
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
635:
633:
631:
630:Germanos Adam
627:
626:Pope Pius VII
623:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
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368:Sedevacantism
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217:§ Controversy
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189:Ultrajectines
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104:Papal primacy
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69:Papal primacy
66:
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51:infallibility
48:
44:
43:Papal primacy
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1675:Santa Muerte
1665:Narco-saints
1560:Febronianism
1477:Free Spirits
1462:Conciliarism
1461:
1405:Sabellianism
1368:Nestorianism
1274:Paulicianism
1195:Apollinarism
1130:
1126:
1112:
1091:
1070:
1049:
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996:
952:
948:
928:
915:. Retrieved
911:the original
888:
860:
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764:
753:
742:
736:Tierney 1998
715:
688:
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650:Pope Pius IX
639:
624:
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606:Pope Pius II
604:
600:the Apostles
596:Jesus Christ
587:
579:
569:
553:
551:
544:agreed with
535:
533:
506:
483:
435:
419:Conciliarism
418:
417:
378:Ultrajectine
314:
307:
261:Febronianism
248:
221:
214:
209:Febronianism
180:
163:Conciliarity
133:
18:Councilarism
1630:Americanism
1605:Lutheranism
1595:Arminianism
1575:Josephinism
1565:Gallicanism
1532:Waldensians
1434:Middle Ages
1383:Pelagianism
1373:Novatianism
1269:Manichaeism
1205:Anomoeanism
1190:Adoptionism
720:Oakley 1972
690:Haec sancta
619:Execrabilis
572:Saint Peter
560:Gallicanism
517:Jean Gerson
266:Cisalpinism
256:Josephinism
244:Gallicanism
1722:Categories
1590:Anabaptism
1502:Josephines
1497:Impanation
1482:Henricians
1472:Fraticelli
1467:Dulcinians
1447:Bogomilism
1346:Modalistic
1341:Athinganoi
1321:Marcionism
1306:Iconoclasm
1294:Sethianism
1264:Gnosticism
907:2004615159
783:, p. 59-60
707:References
96:Patriarchs
1660:Mormonism
1655:Modernism
1640:Feeneyism
1622:Modernity
1600:Calvinism
1580:Pantheism
1570:Jansenism
1527:Taborites
1517:Pasagians
1512:Migetians
1487:Humiliati
1457:Catharism
1442:Arnoldism
1363:Montanism
1284:Naassenes
1254:Ebionites
1222:Audianism
1182:Antiquity
985:162257012
969:1755-2613
899:1095-5054
851:148090971
614:heretical
592:vicariate
476:of 1870.
47:supremacy
1612:Quietism
1507:Lollardy
1492:Hussites
1331:Modalism
1259:Euchites
1232:Donatism
1227:Docetism
1200:Arianism
1047:(1995).
995:(1998).
917:22 April
683:See also
540:(1324),
498:Apostles
59:Overview
1670:Maximón
1289:Ophites
1249:Dualism
977:3163876
887:(ed.).
815:Sources
534:In his
446:Avignon
1099:
1078:
1057:
1031:
1003:
983:
975:
967:
936:
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897:
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462:papacy
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981:S2CID
973:JSTOR
883:. In
847:S2CID
839:JSTOR
502:Jesus
1173:list
1131:XXXX
1097:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1001:ISBN
965:ISSN
934:ISBN
919:2013
903:LCCN
895:ISSN
866:ISBN
523:and
444:and
442:Rome
431:pope
49:and
957:doi
831:doi
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652:'s
594:of
562:."
500:by
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963:.
953:41
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901:.
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726:^
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