1304:
1119:
the gustatory part of nucleus solitarius. Taste fibers from CN VII and X also ascend and synapse here. Ascending secondary neurons originating in nucleus solitarius project bilaterally to the ventral posteromedial (VPM) nuclei of the thalamus via the central tegmental tract. Tertiary neurons from the thalamus project via the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the inferior one-third of the primary sensory cortex (the gustatory cortex of the parietal lobe).
1316:
1352:
1340:
1364:
1328:
60:
40:
1118:
The central processes of these neurons exit the inferior ganglion and pass through the jugular foramen to enter the brainstem at the level of the rostral medulla between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle. Upon entering the medulla, these fibers ascend in the tractus solitarius and synapse in
1095:
The central processes of the general sensory neurons exit the glossopharyngeal ganglia and pass through the jugular foramen to enter the brainstem at the level of the medulla. Upon entering the medulla these fibers descend in the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in the caudal spinal nucleus of the
1088:
Sensory fibers from the skin of the external ear initially travel with the auricular branch of CN X, while those from the middle ear travel in the tympanic nerve as discussed above (CN IX visceral motor section). General sensory information from the upper pharynx and posterior one-third of the tongue
1071:
The visceral sensory fibers of CN IX mediate the afferent limb of the pharyngeal reflex in which touching the back of the pharynx stimulates the patient to gag (i.e., the gag reflex). The efferent signal to the musculature of the pharynx is carried by the branchial motor fibers of the vagus nerve.
899:. Within the jugular foramen, there are two glossopharyngeal ganglia that contain nerve cell bodies that mediate general, visceral, and special sensation. The visceral motor fibers pass through both ganglia without synapsing and exit the inferior ganglion with CN IX general sensory fibers as the
1080:
This component of CN IX carries general sensory information (pain, temperature, and touch) from the skin of the external ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, the walls of the upper pharynx, and the posterior one-third of the tongue, anterior surface of the epiglottis, vallecula.
764:
The glossopharyngeal nerve as noted above is a mixed nerve consisting of both sensory and motor nerve fibers. The sensory fibers' origin include the pharynx, middle ear, posterior one-third of the tongue (including taste buds); and the carotid body and sinus. These fibers terminate at the
813:
Upon emerging from the lateral aspect of the medulla the branchial motor component joins the other components of CN IX to exit the skull via the jugular foramen. The glossopharyngeal fibers travel just anterior to the cranial nerves X and XI, which also exit the skull via the
882:
with the other components of CN IX. Note: These neurons do not form a distinct nucleus visible on cross-section of the brainstem. The position indicated on the diagram is representative of the location of the cell bodies of these fibers.
567:. The inferior ganglion on the inferior surface of petrous part of temporal is related with a triangular depression into which the aqueduct of cochlea opens. On the inferior side, the glossopharyngeal nerve is lateral and anterior to the
1291:
The integrity of the glossopharyngeal nerve may be evaluated by testing the patient's general sensation and that of taste on the posterior third of the tongue. The gag reflex can also be used to evaluate the glossopharyngeal nerve.
1303:
1112:
Special sensory fibers from the posterior one-third of the tongue travel via the pharyngeal branches of CN IX to the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion where their cell bodies reside.
1315:
1288:, and evaluating for speech impediments. The clinician may also test the posterior one-third of the tongue with bitter and sour substances to evaluate for impairment of taste.
2539:
2534:
2463:
2318:
2298:
1351:
640:
528:. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor), it carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. The motor division of the glossopharyngeal nerve is derived from the
995:. Examples include: 1) dry mouth in response to fear (mediated by the hypothalamus); 2) salivation in response to smelling food (mediated by the olfactory system)
1597:
381:
2303:
1904:
1145:: Somatic sensory fibers from the internal surface of the tympanic membrane, middle ear, upper part of the pharynx, soft palate and posterior 1/3 of the tongue
801:. Fibers leaving the nucleus ambiguus travel anteriorly and laterally to exit the medulla, along with the other components of CN IX, between the olive and the
228:
2481:
2308:
645:
2255:
2250:
1035:
1089:
travel via the pharyngeal branches of CN IX. These peripheral processes have their cell body in either the superior or inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion.
2313:
2123:
661:
1914:
1339:
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769:. The motor fibers' origin is the medulla oblongata, and they terminate at the parotid salivary gland, the glands of the posterior tongue, and the
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2108:
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204:
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904:
2128:
1851:
1837:
785:
component of CN IX provides voluntary control of the stylopharyngeus muscle, which elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech.
374:
2683:
2486:
2118:
2096:
1363:
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Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve can result in loss of taste sensation to the posterior one third of the tongue, and impaired
2603:
2434:
2429:
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2380:
2091:
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to mediate cardiovascular and respiratory reflex responses to changes in blood pressure, and serum concentrations of CO2 and O2.
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2411:
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1180:
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1166:
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1389:"Glossopharyngeal | Definition of Glossopharyngeal by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Glossopharyngeal"
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The special sensory component of CN IX provides taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue.
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to provide general sensation. The visceral motor fibers pass through this plexus and merge to become the
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1500:
1458:
1276:
The clinical tests used to determine if the glossopharyngeal nerve has been damaged include testing the
960:
936:
924:
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tract in the genu of the internal capsule to synapse bilaterally on the ambiguus nuclei in the medulla.
846:
originate in the pre-motor and motor cortex (in association with other cortical areas) and pass via the
579:
1048:
Once inside the skull, the visceral sensory fibers enter the lateral medulla between the olive and the
858:
Parasympathetic component of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the ipsilateral parotid gland.
2494:
2216:
2146:
2071:
1416:
928:
540:
1321:
Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain.
1060:. From the solitary nucleus, connections are made with several areas in the reticular formation and
892:
179:
175:
2627:
2011:
1929:
1027:
650:
578:
In its passage through the foramen (with X and XI), the glossopharyngeal nerve passes between the
2703:
2086:
2006:
1822:
1591:
1152:
1057:
1499:
Barral, Jean-Pierre; Croibier, Alain (2009-01-01), Barral, Jean-Pierre; Croibier, Alain (eds.),
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927:. The lesser petrosal nerve re-enters and travels through the temporal bone to emerge in the
874:
of the rostral medulla and travel anteriorly and laterally to exit the brainstem between the
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Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
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at the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion. The cell bodies of these neurons reside in the
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563:. From the superior and inferior ganglia in jugular foramen, it has its own sheath of
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594:. It then curves forward, forming an arch on the side of the neck and lying upon the
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729:) – provides general sensory information from inner surface of the
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Saladin, Anatomy and
Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 6th edition
1583:
216:
513:
1345:
Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion.
1651:
1541:
Kaufman, J.A.; Jones, T.B. (2018). "Chapter 19-Viscerosensory
Pathways".
186:
590:
and the muscles connected with it, to the posterior lower border of the
2511:
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1188:
1184:
734:
826:
Upon exiting the skull the branchial motor fibers descend deep to the
241:
2473:
1658:
1203:
916:
753:
738:
673:
Note: The glossopharyngeal nerve contributes in the formation of the
619:
533:
118:
903:. Before exiting the jugular foramen, the tympanic nerve enters the
1309:
Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
59:
39:
1285:
1199:
1132:: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and information from
1031:
951:
Upon exiting the skull, the lesser petrosal nerve synapses in the
749:
623:
555:, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes laterally across or below the
146:
133:
1038:. The central processes of these neurons enter the skull via the
714:) – carries visceral sensory information from the
2421:
1649:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
680:
The glossopharyngeal nerve has five distinct general functions:
521:
1662:
1465:, Specialty Imaging, Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 232–237,
963:. Postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with the
482:
473:
470:
449:
1543:
Fundamental
Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications
1003:
This component of CN IX innervates the baroreceptors of the
586:. It descends in front of the latter vessel and beneath the
485:
455:
452:
425:
419:
1169:
neurons to the otic ganglion and then to the parotid gland
891:
Upon emerging from the lateral aspect of the medulla, the
479:
413:
434:
407:
1026:
at the common carotid artery bifurcation, ascend in the
935:. It then proceeds anteriorly to exit the skull via the
915:. Within the tympanic cavity the tympanic nerve forms a
1369:
Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.
895:
fibers join the other components of CN IX to enter the
559:, and leaves the skull through the central part of the
1507:, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 181–189,
773:
muscle (which dilates the pharynx during swallowing).
467:
464:
437:
422:
416:
404:
1419:, in Aminoff, Michael J.; Daroff, Robert B. (eds.),
488:
458:
443:
431:
410:
44:
Plan of the upper portions of the glossopharyngeal,
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539:, whereas the sensory division originates from the
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140:
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82:
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32:
1457:Tamimi, Dania; Hatcher, David, eds. (2016-01-01),
793:The branchial motor component originates from the
1243:, the only motor component of this cranial nerve.
602:muscle. From there, it passes under cover of the
64:Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal,
72:. (Label for glossopharyngeal is at upper left.)
838:Voluntary control of the stylopharyngeus muscle
752:sensation from the posterior one-third of the
1674:
1333:Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.(
1209:It receives visceral sensory fibers from the
1198:It receives special visceral sensory fibers (
375:
8:
1423:, New York: Academic Press, pp. 54–63,
1179:It receives general somatic sensory fibers (
830:and wrap around the posterior border of the
27:Cranial nerve IX, for the tongue and pharynx
1045:Central course – visceral sensory component
947:Extra-cranial course and final innervations
2364:
2234:
1996:
1681:
1667:
1659:
1596:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1463:Specialty Imaging: Temporomandibular Joint
1115:Central course – special sensory component
822:Extra-cranial course and final innervation
797:in the reticular formation of the rostral
737:(GVA), and the posterior one-third of the
382:
368:
251:
58:
38:
1421:Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences
606:muscle and is finally distributed to the
1545:(Fifth ed.). pp. 278–285.e1.
1380:
1299:
967:of CN V3 to enter the substance of the
254:
1589:
1415:Verberne, Anthony J. M. (2003-01-01),
1143:Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
999:Overview of visceral sensory component
842:Signals for the voluntary movement of
239:
29:
1505:Manual Therapy for the Cranial Nerves
1501:"Chapter 21 - Glossopharyngeal nerve"
1101:Overview of special sensory component
1076:Overview of somatic sensory component
777:Overview of branchial motor component
7:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1280:of the mouth, asking the patient to
1195:and the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
905:petrous portion of the temporal bone
854:Overview of visceral motor component
1564:Netter, Frank H. (31 August 2012).
1030:, and join the other components of
1015:Peripheral and intracranial course.
1551:10.1016/B978-0-323-39632-5.00019-0
1513:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3100-7.50024-0
1471:10.1016/b978-0-323-37704-1.50040-1
1393:Lexico Dictionaries | English
1036:inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion
25:
551:From the anterior portion of the
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1202:) from the posterior 1/3 of the
688:) – supplies the
400:
236:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1631:GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn9.htm
1459:"Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)"
1181:ventral trigeminothalamic tract
991:to influence the output of the
622:, and the serous glands of the
520:, just anterior (closer to the
2689:Parasympathetic nervous system
1568:(5th ed.). Philadelphia.
1429:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/00785-1
1018:Sensory fibers arise from the
989:dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
955:, which is suspended from the
870:nerve fibers originate in the
666:A communicating branch to the
1:
2561:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
909:inferior tympanic canaliculus
600:middle pharyngeal constrictor
1050:inferior cerebellar peduncle
921:promontory of the middle ear
880:inferior cerebellar peduncle
803:inferior cerebellar peduncle
748:) – provides
699:) – provides
677:along with the vagus nerve.
516:from the sides of the upper
136:to posterior third of tongue
2709:Nerves of the head and neck
2340:Inferior salivatory nucleus
1163:Inferior salivatory nucleus
1138:carotid body chemoreceptors
1134:carotid sinus baroreceptors
1124:Associated brainstem nuclei
993:inferior salivatory nucleus
872:inferior salivatory nucleus
2725:
1784:lateral geniculate nucleus
1745:anterior olfactory nucleus
1007:and chemoreceptors of the
2464:Superior cervical cardiac
2157:Superior salivary nucleus
1910:spinal trigeminal nucleus
1056:to synapse in the caudal
862:Origin and central course
789:Origin and central course
746:special visceral afferent
712:general visceral afferent
697:general visceral efferent
686:special visceral efferent
657:posterior third of tongue
234:
57:
37:
2684:Autonomic nervous system
2597:spinal accessory nucleus
2037:pterygopalatine ganglion
1828:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
943:component of CN V (V3).
828:temporal styloid process
727:general somatic afferent
1979:no significant branches
1881:no significant branches
1721:no significant branches
965:auriculotemporal branch
834:before innervating it.
584:internal carotid artery
152:nervus glossopharyngeus
2659:Glossopharyngeal nerve
2299:Stylopharyngeal branch
2059:submandibular ganglion
2044:Nerve to the stapedius
1566:Atlas of human anatomy
1246:It contributes to the
1241:stylopharyngeus muscle
975:Hypothalamic Influence
959:immediately below the
933:greater petrosal nerve
919:on the surface of the
844:stylopharyngeus muscle
832:stylopharyngeus muscle
758:circumvallate papillae
690:stylopharyngeus muscle
592:stylopharyngeus muscle
396:glossopharyngeal nerve
33:Glossopharyngeal nerve
1255:Clinical significance
925:lesser petrosal nerve
707:via the otic ganglion
641:stylopharyngeal nerve
580:internal jugular vein
496:), also known as the
117:, posterior third of
2147:Facial motor nucleus
1843:parasympathetic root
1069:Clinical correlation
931:just lateral to the
929:middle cranial fossa
907:and ascends via the
541:cranial neural crest
2694:Human head and neck
2679:Otorhinolaryngology
2459:Recurrent laryngeal
2304:Pharyngeal branches
2082:Posterior auricular
1930:trigeminal ganglion
1417:"Medulla Oblongata"
1153:lower motor neurons
1052:and descend in the
1028:carotid sinus nerve
887:Intracranial course
809:Intracranial course
744:Visceral afferent (
703:innervation of the
651:carotid sinus nerve
498:ninth cranial nerve
2442:Superior laryngeal
2309:Tonsillar branches
2007:Intermediate nerve
1823:oculomotor nucleus
1399:on March 12, 2021.
710:Visceral sensory (
2646:
2645:
2574:
2573:
2540:Posterior gastric
2435:pharyngeal plexus
2430:Pharyngeal branch
2353:
2352:
2217:Scarpa's ganglion
2205:lateral lemniscus
2200:striae medullares
2183:vestibular nuclei
2171:Vestibulocochlear
2165:
2164:
1637:MedlinePlus Image
1575:978-1-4557-5858-6
1522:978-0-7020-3100-7
1480:978-0-323-37704-1
1438:978-0-12-226870-0
1296:Additional images
1248:pharyngeal plexus
1109:Peripheral course
1085:Peripheral course
767:medulla oblongata
731:tympanic membrane
725:General sensory (
684:Branchial motor (
675:pharyngeal plexus
553:medulla oblongata
537:medulla oblongata
392:
391:
314:Vestibulocochlear
250:
249:
245:
16:(Redirected from
2716:
2669:Gustatory system
2592:nucleus ambiguus
2566:Solitary nucleus
2556:Nucleus ambiguus
2535:Anterior gastric
2482:Inferior cardiac
2412:Auricular branch
2407:Meningeal branch
2365:
2345:Solitary nucleus
2335:Nucleus ambiguus
2314:Lingual branches
2235:
2229:Glossopharyngeal
2152:Solitary nucleus
2032:Greater petrosal
1997:
1847:ciliary ganglion
1683:
1676:
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1400:
1395:. Archived from
1385:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1165:: preganglionic
1149:Nucleus ambiguus
1130:Solitary nucleus
1058:solitary nucleus
987:project via the
985:olfactory system
979:Fibers from the
957:mandibular nerve
941:mandibular nerve
795:nucleus ambiguus
695:Visceral motor (
662:lingual branches
655:Branches to the
618:and base of the
502:cranial nerve IX
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320:Glossopharyngeal
252:
242:edit on Wikidata
131:Special sensory:
70:accessory nerves
62:
50:accessory nerves
42:
30:
21:
18:Cranial nerve IX
2724:
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2287:lesser petrosal
2282:tympanic plexus
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2223:
2188:cochlear nuclei
2161:
2135:
2073:
2065:
2022:
2016:
1985:
1956:
1887:
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1805:
1766:
1760:olfactory tract
1727:
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1627:MedEd at Loyola
1614:
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1262:
1257:
1222:parasympathetic
1176:
1167:parasympathetic
1157:stylopharyngeus
1126:
1103:
1078:
1040:jugular foramen
1001:
939:along with the
913:tympanic cavity
897:jugular foramen
876:medullary olive
856:
816:jugular foramen
783:branchial motor
779:
771:stylopharyngeus
701:parasympathetic
646:tonsillar nerve
632:
612:mucous membrane
608:palatine tonsil
596:stylopharyngeus
588:styloid process
573:accessory nerve
561:jugular foramen
549:
512:that exits the
463:
448:
442:
403:
399:
388:
359:
246:
129:
111:Eustachian tube
102:
100:stylopharyngeus
73:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2722:
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2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Nervous system
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Cranial nerves
2661:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
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2466:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2439:
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2437:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2394:
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2374:
2372:
2362:
2355:
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2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2195:Cochlear nerve
2192:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2104:Parotid plexus
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2049:Chorda tympani
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1840:
1832:
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1830:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:olfactory bulb
1749:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1691:cranial nerves
1688:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1613:
1612:External links
1610:
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1297:
1294:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1233:
1224:fibers to the
1218:
1211:carotid bodies
1207:
1196:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1146:
1140:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:Central course
1090:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1054:solitary tract
1046:
1043:
1016:
1000:
997:
901:tympanic nerve
893:visceral motor
855:
852:
778:
775:
762:
761:
742:
723:
708:
693:
671:
670:
664:
659:
653:
648:
643:
638:
636:tympanic nerve
631:
628:
548:
545:
390:
389:
387:
386:
379:
372:
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
352:
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334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
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292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
259:
258:
256:Cranial nerves
248:
247:
238:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
214:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
94:
90:
89:
87:Tympanic nerve
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
63:
55:
54:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2721:
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2654:
2637:
2634:
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2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
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2577:
2567:
2564:
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2533:
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2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:Vagal trunks
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
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2436:
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2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2399:jugular fossa
2395:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2370:jugular fossa
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2319:Carotid sinus
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:otic ganglion
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2269:jugular fossa
2265:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2240:jugular fossa
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:lingual nerve
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
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1931:
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1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:septal nuclei
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1665:
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1654:
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1648:
1647:cranialnerves
1645:
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1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1616:
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1381:
1374:
1365:
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1305:
1300:
1295:
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1279:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:otic ganglion
1227:
1226:parotid gland
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:carotid sinus
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
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1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
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1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
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1075:
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1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:carotid sinus
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:carotid sinus
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:parotid gland
966:
962:
961:foramen ovale
958:
954:
953:otic ganglion
949:
948:
944:
942:
938:
937:foramen ovale
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:preganglionic
864:
863:
859:
853:
851:
849:
848:corticobulbar
845:
840:
839:
835:
833:
829:
824:
823:
819:
817:
811:
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796:
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790:
786:
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768:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:
717:
716:carotid sinus
713:
709:
706:
705:parotid gland
702:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
682:
681:
678:
676:
669:
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633:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
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581:
576:
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566:
562:
558:
554:
546:
544:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:cranial nerve
507:
503:
499:
493:
397:
385:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
365:
363:
362:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
339:
335:
333:
329:
327:
323:
321:
317:
315:
311:
309:
305:
303:
299:
297:
293:
291:
287:
285:
281:
279:
275:
273:
269:
267:
263:
262:
261:
260:
257:
253:
243:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
218:
215:
213:
209:
206:
203:
201:
197:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
172:
168:
165:
162:
160:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
123:carotid sinus
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2228:
2072:stylomastoid
2024:facial canal
1978:
1880:
1794:optic chiasm
1720:
1650:
1639:
1629:
1607:
1565:
1559:
1542:
1536:
1526:, retrieved
1504:
1494:
1484:, retrieved
1462:
1452:
1442:, retrieved
1420:
1397:the original
1392:
1383:
1290:
1275:
1263:
1237:motor fibers
1235:It supplies
1220:It supplies
1104:
1079:
1068:
1067:
1062:hypothalamus
1024:carotid body
1009:carotid body
1002:
981:hypothalamus
978:
974:
973:
950:
946:
945:
890:
886:
885:
865:
861:
860:
857:
841:
837:
836:
825:
821:
820:
812:
808:
807:
792:
788:
787:
780:
763:
756:, including
720:carotid body
679:
672:
577:
550:
505:
504:, or simply
501:
497:
395:
393:
319:
205:A14.2.01.135
193:birnlex_1274
151:
130:
127:carotid body
103:
96:
2619:Hypoglossal
2000:Near origin
1799:optic tract
1272:Examination
1183:) from the
1096:trigeminal.
668:vagus nerve
569:vagus nerve
530:basal plate
526:vagus nerve
338:Hypoglossal
141:Identifiers
2653:Categories
2212:Vestibular
2124:mandibular
2097:stylohyoid
2087:Suprahyoid
2012:Geniculate
1950:mandibular
1940:ophthalmic
1893:Trigeminal
1811:Oculomotor
1622:NeuroNames
1528:2020-12-31
1486:2020-12-31
1444:2020-12-31
1375:References
1278:gag reflex
1266:swallowing
1193:middle ear
604:hyoglossus
565:dura mater
312:CN VIII –
296:Trigeminal
284:Oculomotor
171:NeuroNames
115:middle ear
107:Oropharynx
93:Innervates
2704:Neurology
2632:Branches
2580:Accessory
2500:posterior
2487:Pulmonary
2173:(CN VIII)
2114:zygomatic
2092:digastric
1975:Branches
1945:maxillary
1936:Branches
1877:Branches
1864:Trochlear
1834:Branches
1733:Olfactory
1592:cite book
1584:763159902
1174:Functions
557:flocculus
547:Structure
534:embryonic
524:) to the
514:brainstem
336:CN XII –
332:Accessory
306:CN VII –
290:Trochlear
282:CN III –
272:Olfactory
2621:(CN XII)
2495:anterior
2452:internal
2447:external
2386:inferior
2381:superior
2377:Ganglia
2277:Tympanic
2256:inferior
2251:superior
2247:Ganglia
2129:cervical
2109:temporal
1993:(CN VII)
1962:Abducens
1852:inferior
1838:superior
1813:(CN III)
1699:Terminal
1618:hier-698
1228:via the
1155:for the
878:and the
733:, upper
630:Branches
350:Overview
330:CN XI –
318:CN IX –
302:Abducens
300:CN VI –
288:CN IV –
276:CN II –
266:Terminal
187:NeuroLex
104:Sensory:
2674:Pharynx
2636:lingual
2628:Nucleus
2604:Cranial
2588:Nuclei
2582:(CN XI)
2530:Hepatic
2512:Abdomen
2368:Before
2238:Before
2231:(CN IX)
2179:Nuclei
2074:foramen
1971:Nucleus
1964:(CN VI)
1926:Course
1901:Nuclei
1873:Nucleus
1866:(CN IV)
1819:Nuclei
1790:Course
1780:Nuclei
1774:(CN II)
1751:Course
1741:Nuclei
1717:Course
1707:Nuclei
1282:swallow
1189:pharynx
1185:tonsils
911:to the
799:medulla
735:pharynx
614:of the
532:of the
518:medulla
508:, is a
324:CN X –
294:CN V –
270:CN I –
264:CN 0 –
164:D005930
78:Details
2609:Spinal
2549:Nuclei
2520:Celiac
2474:Thorax
2397:After
2361:(CN X)
2328:Nuclei
2267:After
2140:Nuclei
2119:buccal
2021:Inside
1991:Facial
1895:(CN V)
1735:(CN I)
1701:(CN 0)
1582:
1572:
1519:
1477:
1435:
1260:Damage
1204:tongue
1191:, the
1187:, the
1159:muscle
917:plexus
754:tongue
739:tongue
620:tongue
616:fauces
610:, the
308:Facial
119:tongue
97:Motor:
68:, and
48:, and
2525:Renal
2359:Vagus
1772:Optic
1286:cough
1200:taste
1032:CN IX
750:taste
624:mouth
506:CN IX
355:Table
326:Vagus
278:Optic
240:[
229:50870
147:Latin
134:Taste
66:vagus
46:vagus
2422:Neck
1689:The
1641:9350
1598:link
1580:OCLC
1570:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1433:ISBN
1136:and
1022:and
983:and
866:The
781:The
718:and
598:and
582:and
571:and
522:nose
394:The
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