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681:. Even when Paul does speak of the sinking, he stresses that some of its aspects, such as the deaths of the passengers in the interior, who were unable to escape because the ship sank rapidly and in icy waters, are simply too horrible to put into words. In a different way, the parents of Wolfgang Stremplin are shown as having failed because their son's philo-Semitism, a result of guilt over the Holocaust, is portrayed as deeply felt but also somewhat silly and absurd. The last lines of the novel are: "It doesn't end. It will never end".
635:. Tulla's views are those of the "Hitler Youth generation", who came of age in the 1930s and remembered their youth as a happy time. They often seemed unable to understand why others had more jaundiced memories of the period. Tulla grieves not only the loss of life from the ship sinking, but also the loss of what the ship represented. She sees East Germany as another model of her favorite utopian society, where everyone was alleged to be cared for, although her feelings were stronger for what the
445:, defined by Grass as "scuttling backward to move forward," refers to various events, some occurring at the same time, which are the same events that would lead to the eventual disaster. Crabwalk might also imply a more abstract glance at history, in order to allow a people to move forward. The protagonist's awkward relationships with his mother and his estranged son, explored via the crabbed process of scouring the wreckage of history for therapeutic insight, is another expression of the title.
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519:'s birth on that date in 1889. Wolfgang takes on a Jewish persona for his role playing. He spits three times on the memorial to Gustloff, a Nazi activist, thus desecrating it in Konny's eyes. Konny shoots him dead, mirroring Frankfurter's shooting of Gustloff. Afterward he surrenders to the police and says, "I shot because I am a German". (By contrast, Frankfurter had said, "I shot because I am a Jew".)
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Coetzee said that Tulla's politics may be "ugly" and "unrefined", but were "deeply felt". He further said that Grass made a "considered argument" that people such as Tulla should be allowed "to have their heroes and martyrs and memorials and ceremonies of remembrance", as repression of any kind leads
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Notably, the book correctly notes that the three captains commanding the ship were criminally negligent in not having enough lifeboats aboard to accommodate the overloaded ship. The decision to keep the ship's lights on at night, illuminating it and creating higher risk, has never been explained. Had
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Critic
Stephen Brase suggests that the main theme of the novel is parental (and generational) failure, as Paul and his ex-wife Gabi are unable to prevent their son from becoming a Nazi. Brase considered the characters of Paul and Gabi to be emblematic of the post-war generation who came of age in the
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The novel suggests that, because
Germans and people outside their country have largely ignored the subject of German suffering in World War Two, political extremists have tapped into people feeling overlooked and thus gained a platform in current society. Grass believes that events that represent the
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Via his website, he forms a love-hate relationship with
Wolfgang Stremplin: divided by their political views, they are nevertheless connected by similar personalities and a love for table-tennis. At his murder trial, Konny claims to have nothing against Jews, but says that he considers their presence
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The novel explores Paul
Pokriefke's attempts to sort out the various meanings attached to the sinking, including the Soviet viewpoint as represented by Captain Marinesko. On the wrong side of politics, he was sentenced and imprisoned in a Siberian Gulag camp for a period after the war. In the novel,
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towards the "68ers". He said that Grass's portrayal of their efforts to change German society as a failure was most unfair. Raddatz argued that the portrayal of the "68ers" as well meaning but ineffectual intellectuals, due to their own flaws, was distorted and reflected Grass's personal disapproval
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But
Schmitt also accepted that aspects of recent German history made it difficult for the people to incorporate the memory of German victimization into their memory of the past. Schmitt noted that the "68ers", as the generation who came of age in the late 1960s are known, tended to point an accusing
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as millions of German civilians trekked westwards in panic-stricken columns over the snow and ice in the winter of 1944-45 to escape the invading Soviet troops. Many dropped dead during their epic flight. Preece says that the debate about the assassination of
Wilhelm Gustloff in Switzerland, which
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disaster-were largely ignored by the country's literary elite and to an extent by the historians". Mews noted that many
British reviewers seemed to embrace the novel's message that the story of German wartime should be part of the memory of the past in a manner that seemed to be contrary to Grass's
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The mysterious figure of the old one stands between Grass and the narrator Paul. Belonging to the generation of those who fled to the West after the end of the war, he encourages Paul to write of the sinking because he himself failed to do so. The narrator refers to him as his "employer" or "boss".
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should be remembered and mourned as a terrible chapter of the war. But, Giordano insisted that the war begun by
Germany was the cause of ethnic Germans being expelled from Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe. He noted that the 1950 charter of the main expellee group was an "instrument perfectly
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She seeks to put the story of the ship into the public domain, as it was long subject to silence. When her attempts to persuade her son to write about the disaster fail, she turns her attention to her grandson, who creates a website about it. After he is threatened by neo-Nazi skinheads, she gives
587:(people's community) into practice by allowing ordinary Germans to take free vacations abroad, was a floating utopia. For a brief moment it supported a "classless" society where everyone was cared for. Most Germans could not afford a vacation abroad in the interwar period, owing to the undervalued
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Konrad (known as "Konny") is the son of Paul
Pokriefke and Gabi; after his parents' divorce, Konny is brought up by his left-wing mother and has little contact with his father. Highly intelligent, he is characterised as a 'loner' by his parents. He has a very good relationship with his grandmother
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was carrying military personnel and weapons, making it a legitimate wartime target for the
Soviets under international law. While most of the passengers were civilians, the ship did not carry Red Cross markings. By contrast, the Stutthof death march was an act of genocide. Schmitt argued that the
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families selected were meant to provide a good cross-section of German society: families who were working class and middle class; Catholic and Protestant; and from northern and southern Germany, all sailing together on the ship to provide proof that German society under the Nazi regime had indeed
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and the acceptance of the Oder-Neisse line in 1970 resulted in the West German state refusing expellees and their demands for the "right to a homeland". Schmitt noted that the expellee groups hurt their cause by demands for a revanchist foreign policy directed at taking back parts of Poland that
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Tulla (short form of Ursula) is short and thin; she was a young woman when her hair turned white after she survived the ship sinking. She is attractive to men even into old age. Politically she is an extremist of varied views: on the one hand she repeatedly praises the 'classless society' of the
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Paul feels that his life is strongly influenced by these events, above all because Tulla repeatedly urges him to fulfill his 'duty' and to commemorate the event in writing. In the course of his research, Paul discovers by chance that his estranged son Konrad (Konny) has taken an interest in the
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finger at their parents and grandparents for all the things that they did and did not do in the Nazi era. The 68ers were reluctant to accept the image of their parents/grandparents as victims. Schmitt also noted that the cause of expellees was championed by the West German government under
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1960s and wanted to create a better Germany, but were unable to make lasting positive changes. Grass portrayed Paul as well-meaning, but unable to make the changes he wants because for the first half of the novel he cannot speak of the sinking of the
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by a Soviet submarine, in which more than 9300 people died, most civilians and thousands of children. He believes that the failure to recognize the cost of such losses as the ship sinking to the Germans helped create a rise of neo-Nazi movements.
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While acknowledging the terrible loss of life in the ship sinking Schmitt noted that the next day, a Nazi-directed death march ended in the same area, with a massacre of survivors at the edge of the sea. The SS had forced the inmates of
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had praised the novel for its attention to the "forgotten victims of ethnic cleansing", and suggested that the "sense of loss" that the novel embraced was a sign of the growing "normalisation of Germany". A review in the conservative
423:, Poland), Grass explores the effects of the past on the present: in this novel, he interweaves various strands and combines fact and fiction in exploring the lack of attention to German victimhood in their losses in World War II.
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he is portrayed as both a perpetrator and a victim, providing a degree of moral ambiguity. Other German accounts have represented him as a heartles monster who sent some 9, 600 people to their deaths by sinking the ship.
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were honorable, but his argument could be distorted into an assertion of moral equivalence, as if there were no differences between the actions of the Axis and Allied states. He opposed this way of rendering the past.
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In the novel, Grass notes that the story of the sinking was forbidden in East Germany. He compared this to apparent prohibitions in West Germany against discussing German victimization in the war since the Brandt era.
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takes up much of the novel, was "...really a distraction from the horror in the snow experienced by the refugees in the winter treks to the west, which claimed the lives of so many in such degrading circumstances".
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Germany had once controlled. This made the memory of their suffering difficult to incorporate into the memory of the past in an acceptable way. For all these reasons, Schmitt believed that
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had no reason to believe that the cruise ship was anything other than a civilian ship when he torpedoed it. Preece believed that Grass thought the ship sinking to be unjustified.
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had the proper number of lifeboats, more lives would have been saved while if the lights had been turned off, the ship might very well had escaped been sunk altogether.
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full German experience, such as the major losses of thousands of innocent people in the ship sinking, should become part of the popular memory of the past and the war.
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For years Konny had lived with his mother after his parents divorced. He created a website ('blutzeuge.de') by which he explores the 1936 murder of Swiss Nazi leader
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would lead to a new national discourse that would place the image of Germans as victims of the war as the dominant memory of the past. German journalist
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generation", those Germans under the Third Reich who were too young to be drafted into the Wehrmacht, but were usually assigned as gunner assistants to
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said that Tulla was Grass's most memorable character. Despite her questionable political views she is undeniably a victim; she says of the sinking:
515:, the hometown of Konny. (A memorial stands to the historic activist Gustloff.) The meeting takes place on 20 April 1997; more than 100 years after
591:, so a voyage aboard the ship was considered to be a great privilege. After the ship was launched, a number of German families who were considered
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known as 'Langfursch', after the part of Danzig she is from). As someone who represents a line of continuity with Pokriefke's family's lost
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Strength Through Joy ship and supports her grandson even after he kills his friend; on the other, she became a model functionary of the
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among Aryan populations to be as 'foreign body'. His father believes that the son has a 'slow-burning' hatred for the Jews.
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suited for repressing historical facts", as it suggested that Poland had attacked Germany in 1939, rather than the facts.
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890:. Transl. from the German by Krishna Winston. Orlando; Austin; New York; San Diego; Toronto; London: Harcourt: 2002.
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was sunk by a Soviet submarine in the last year of World War II. His young mother-to-be, Tulla Pokriefke (born in
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sinking of the ship was not an act of genocide and should not be remembered as comparable to the death march.
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had come too late, and that it was unlikely to influence the memory of the past in the way that Grass wanted.
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anti-aircraft batteries that were used against the Allied bombers during the strategical bombing offensive.
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as one of Grass's best novels. He agreed that events such as the sinking of the
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toward Berlin. Though Grass noted there were soldiers abroad the
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Attack of the century. Death of Wilhelm Gustloff. Vladimir Kosov
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The Life and Work of Gunter Grass Literature, History, Politics
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She was not disturbed by the fact that people considered to be
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in the winter of 1944-1945 as the Red Army advanced into the
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were the "death in the snow" segments, tracing the historic
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Günter Grass and His Critics From The Tin Drum to Crabwalk
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of Danzig, as well as the "lost world" of her ancestral
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1194:Bibliography
1183:Günter Grass
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195:October 2023
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137:Please help
132:verification
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33:Please help
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1406:Adaptations
1143:Preece 2016
1128:Preece 2016
1116:Preece 2016
953:Preece 2016
867:J.M Coetzee
647:The old one
643:him a gun.
441:The title,
1439:Categories
1321:My Century
882:References
859:Der Flucht
810:Der Flucht
738:Flakhelfer
702:Ostpolitik
700:, but the
589:Reichsmark
566:Low German
561:'s death.
526:Characters
165:newspapers
154:"Crabwalk"
93:April 2022
36:improve it
1238:Dog Years
1091:Mews 2008
1062:Mews 2008
1045:Mews 2008
1010:Mews 2008
991:Mews 2008
976:Mews 2008
742:Luftwaffe
656:Reception
478:Dog Years
383:Dog Years
372:231972684
345:paperback
306:Publisher
249:Crabwalk
42:talk page
1379:" (2012)
1329:Crabwalk
888:Crabwalk
855:Crabwalk
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789:Crabwalk
781:Crabwalk
769:Crabwalk
761:Crabwalk
753:Crabwalk
711:Crabwalk
686:Die Zeit
671:Crabwalk
661:Analysis
513:Schwerin
443:Crabwalk
394:Crabwalk
341:hardback
286:Language
1345:The Box
1297:The Rat
798:Titanic
747:Critic
611:). The
407:author
339:Print (
330:Germany
179:scholar
79:Please
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1369:Poetry
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437:Title
300:Novel
296:Genre
186:JSTOR
172:books
926:ISBN
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843:the
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475:and
366:OCLC
353:ISBN
321:2002
158:news
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