477:
526:
559:
1017:, is similar to Armstrong. The pottery and cultural characteristics are also similar to late Ohio Hopewell. They occurred during the neighboring Watson through Buck Garden periods of peoples to the south and westerly in the state. Montane Hopewell is a variant that is a considerable distance from Cole Culture and Peters Phase, or Hopewell central Ohio. According to McMichael, the culture built small, conical mounds in the late Hopewell period; this religion appeared to be waning in terms of being expressed in the daily living activities at these sites. The influence of an elite priest cult, burial phase was centered toward the Midwest states and was less important here.
1063:
489:
504:
586:
950:
291:
610:
246:. The mound group was named after Mordecai Hopewell, whose family then owned the property where the earthworks are sited. What any of the various peoples now classified as Hopewellian called themselves is unknown; indeed, what language families they spoke is unknown. Archaeologists applied the term "Hopewell" to a broad range of cultures. Many of the Hopewell communities were temporary settlements of one to three households near rivers. They practiced a mixture of hunting, gathering, and horticulture.
2693:
38:
699:
1055:
547:
574:
191:. Within this area, societies exchanged goods and ideas, with the highest amount of activity along waterways, which were the main transportation routes. Peoples within the Hopewell exchange system received materials from all over the territory of what now comprises the mainland United States. Most of the items traded were exotic materials; they were delivered to peoples living in the major trading and manufacturing areas. These people converted raw materials into
1244:
625:
598:
461:
3228:
476:
275:", leaders whose influence depended on their skill at persuasion in important matters such as trade and religion. They also perhaps augmented their influence by cultivating reciprocal obligations with other important community members. The emergence of "big-men" was a step toward the development of these societies into highly structured and stratified
1228:. They were contemporaneous to Armstrong central in the Big Sandy valley, nearly 200 miles downstream on the Ohio River. They were surrounded by peoples who made Watson-styled pottery, with a Z-twist cordage finished surface. Wilhelm pottery was similar to Armstrong pottery, but not as well made. Pipe fragments appear to be the platform-base type.
329:. He believes that it is oriented to the 18.6-year cycle of minimum and maximum lunar risings and settings on the local horizon. The Octagon covers more than 50 acres, the size of 100 football pitches. John Eddy completed an unpublished survey in 1978, and proposed a lunar major alignment for the Octagon. Ray Hively and Robert Horn of
434:. Some artwork was made from carved human bones. A rare mask found at Mound City was created using a human skull as a face plate. Hopewell artists created both abstract and realistic portrayals of the human form. One tubular pipe is so accurate in form that the model was identified by researchers as an
794:
near its confluence with the
Mississippi River. The conical mounds were constructed between 100 BCE and 200 CE. At one time, as many as 12 mounds may have existed. Mound 2, the largest remaining, measures 100 feet in diameter and 8 feet in height. This mound was possibly the largest Hopewell mound in
1171:
The Point
Peninsula complex was a Native American culture located in present-day Ontario, Canada and New York, United States, during the Middle Woodland period. It is thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley. This influence seems to have ended about 250 CE,
1144:
were constructed from 100 BCE to 500 CE. It is a large ceremonial center located at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio rivers. Part of this earthwork complex extends across the Ohio River into
Kentucky. The earthworks included a northern section consisting of a number of circular enclosures, two
1257:
Around 500 CE, the
Hopewell exchange ceased, mound building stopped, and characteristic art forms were no longer produced. War is a possible cause, as villages dating to the Late Woodland period shifted to larger communities protected by palisade walls and ditches. Colder climatic conditions could
1262:
may have led to over-hunting of game populations, as well as making warfare more deadly. With fewer people using trade routes, the transmission of traditions may have dwindled away. The breakdown in social organization could also have resulted from adoption of full-scale agriculture. Conclusive
306:
are one of the most impressive Native
American monuments throughout American prehistory, and were built by cultures following the Hopewell. Eastern Woodlands mounds typically have various geometric shapes and rise to impressive heights. Some of the gigantic sculpted earthworks, described as
348:
Christopher Turner noted that the
Fairground Circle in Newark, Ohio aligns to the sunrise on May 4, i.e. that it marks the May cross-quarter sunrise. In 1983, Turner demonstrated that the Hopeton earthworks encode various sunrise and moonrise patterns, including the winter and summer
270:
The
Hopewellian peoples had leaders, but they did not command the kind of centralized power to order armies of slaves or soldiers. These cultures likely accorded certain families a special place of privilege. Some scholars suggest that these societies were marked by the emergence of
706:
During the Middle
Woodland period, the Crab Orchard culture population increased from a dispersed and sparsely settled Early Woodland pattern to one consisting of small and large base camps. These were concentrated on terrace and floodplain landforms associated with the
2466:
823:
near Kansas City is close to the western limit of the
Hopewell. "Hopewell-style" pottery and stone tools, typical of the Illinois and Ohio River valleys, are abundant at the Trowbridge site. Decorated Hopewell-style pottery rarely appears further west.
1090:. These cultural centers typically contained a burial mound and a geometric earthwork complex that covers ten to hundreds of acres, with sparse residential settlements. There is little evidence of large resident populations at the monument complexes.
3621:
660:
of northeastern
Kentucky and western West Virginia from 1 to 500 CE. They are thought to have been a regional variant of the Hopewell tradition or a Hopewell-influenced Middle Woodland group who had peacefully mingled with the local
390:
The Hopewell created some of the finest craftwork and artwork of the Americas. Most of their works had some religious significance, and their graves were filled with necklaces, ornate carvings made from bone or wood, decorated
266:
most of their deceased and reserved burial for only the most important people. In some sites, hunters apparently were given a higher status in the community: their graves were more elaborate and contained more status goods.
1137:. When colonial settlers first crossed the Appalachians, after almost a century and a half in North America, they were astounded at these monumental constructions, some of which were as high as 70 feet and covering acres.
1234:
Little studied are their four reported village sites, which appear to have been abandoned by about 500 CE. As of 2009, new local researchers are looking at this area period and may provide future insight.
665:
peoples. Archaeologist Edward McMichael characterized them as an intrusive Hopewell-like trade culture or a vanguard of Hopewellian tradition that had probably peacefully absorbed the local Adena in the
686:, as well as in other sections of the surrounding region including Kentucky. Researchers developed the Copena name based on the first three letters of copper and the last three letters of the mineral
993:
platform mounds, which were mortuary and substructure platforms. By the end of the Late Woodland period, about 1000CE, the Miller culture area was absorbed into the succeeding Mississippian culture.
282:
The Hopewell settlements were linked by extensive and complex trading routes; these operated also as communication networks, and were a means to bring people together for important ceremonies.
222:
tradition. Or, Hopewell was said to have originated in western Illinois and spread by diffusion... to southern Ohio. Similarly, the Havana Hopewell tradition was thought to have spread up the
488:
1216:
was a Middle Woodland period archaeological culture in the southeast of the United States (present-day Georgia, Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, and Tennessee) dating to around 100–700 CE.
5019:
5014:
5034:
4892:
503:
4963:
3918:
3880:
525:
775:
was a Hopewellian people in the Illinois and Mississippi river valleys in Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri. They are considered ancestral to the groups who eventually formed the
558:
399:(a mineral consisting of thin glassy sheets), or stones. The Hopewell produced artwork in a greater variety and with more exotic materials than their predecessors the Adena.
302:
Today, the best-surviving features of the Hopewell tradition era are earthwork mounds. Researchers have speculated about their purposes and debate continues. Great geometric
1145:
large, horseshoe-shaped enclosures, and three sets of parallel-walled roads leading away from this location. One set of walls went to the southwest and may have linked to a
3216:
415:
were crafted as elegant pieces. The Hopewell artisans were expert carvers of pipestone, and many of the mortuary mounds are full of exquisitely carved statues and pipes.
5004:
426:
found more than 200 stone smoking pipes; these depicted animals and birds in well-realized three-dimensional form. More than 130 such artifacts were excavated from the
3259:
1153:, a complicated circular enclosure surrounding a conical mound. The third set of walls went to the northwest for an undetermined distance, in the direction of the
3940:
2496:
4461:
2454:
609:
4937:
3593:
3138:
153:
4566:
2512:
1964:
1231:
Small earthwork mounds were built around individual burials in stone-lined graves (cists). These were covered over together under a single large mound.
585:
4636:
4426:
3911:
3726:
2582:
1106:
1094:
423:
295:
239:
81:
2117:"Encyclopedia of Prehistory Complete set of Volumes 1-8 and Volume 9, the index volume: Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files"
783:(in present-day southwestern Illinois) and influenced the hinterlands of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, including into the Appalachian Mountains.
723:. This large earthwork, shaped like a tuning fork, is reminiscent of Ohio Hopewell enclosures. Examples of a type of pottery decoration found at the
4531:
5024:
4326:
3741:
2990:
2682:
2214:
Burks, Jarrod; Cook, Robert A. (October 2011). "Beyond Squier and Davis : Rediscovering Ohio's earthworks using geophysical remote sensing".
454:. Delicately cut from a piece of mica 11 x 6 in, the hand carving was likely worn or carried for public viewing. They also made beaded work.
1149:
located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River. Another set of walls led to the southeast, where it crossed the Ohio River and continued to the
5029:
4401:
4336:
4316:
3209:
2662:
5039:
4541:
3626:
3255:
2810:
2709:
2331:
2132:
2072:
1896:
1795:
1692:
1373:
149:
1481:
Brose, D. (1979). "A speculative model of the roles of exchange in the prehistory of the eastern Woodlands". In D. Brose; N. Gerber (eds.).
3904:
3392:
1643:
2380:
573:
4922:
4897:
4877:
4311:
1225:
2169:
2034:
1062:
4671:
4451:
4276:
2896:
934:
616:
2284:
751:
culture occupied Michigan and northern Indiana from around 200 BCE to 500 CE. The Goodall pattern stretched from the southern tip of
3202:
2863:
2785:
2447:
2009:
808:
3418:
815:, is one of several sites near the junction of Line Creek and the Missouri River. The site contains Hopewell and succeeding Middle
597:
624:
4416:
961:
drainage areas of southwestern Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi, and west-central Alabama, best known from excavations at the
546:
207:
Although the origins of the Hopewell are still under discussion, the Hopewell culture can also be considered a cultural climax.
3194:
4917:
4882:
4847:
4686:
4556:
4406:
4361:
2795:
1748:
2657:
1110:
4827:
4621:
4596:
4516:
4208:
3952:
3168:
2981:
2858:
2739:
2719:
2714:
2116:
1607:
1305:
977:
sites. The culture is divided chronologically into two phases, Miller 1 and Miller 2, with a later Miller 3 belonging to the
828:
364:
460:
2868:
2815:
1859:
1833:
1200:
in Canada. Some evidence exists that the Saugeen complex people of the Bruce Peninsula may have evolved into the historic
989:. Archaeologist speculate the mounds were for feasting rituals. With that purpose, they fundamentally differed from later
820:
370:
Many of the mounds also contain various types of human burials, some containing precious grave goods such as ornaments of
4989:
4832:
4381:
3711:
3680:
3636:
3178:
2919:
2901:
2557:
2440:
1154:
670:
Valley. Their culture and very Late Adena (46PU2) is thought to have slowly evolved into the later Buck Garden people.
657:
5009:
4927:
4696:
4281:
4266:
4140:
3731:
3433:
3428:
2800:
1684:
1518:
644:
cultures are known to have been involved in the Hopewell tradition and participated in the Hopewell exchange network.
184:
1912:
195:
and exported them through local and regional exchange networks. Hopewell communities traded finished goods, such as
4536:
4291:
3706:
3438:
3076:
2223:
2085:
1513:
Smith, B.D. (1986). "The Archaeology of the Southeastern United States: from Dalton to de Soto, 10,500 to 500 BP".
1098:
755:, east across northern Indiana, to the Ohio border, then northward, covering central Michigan, almost reaching to
4706:
2667:
2077:
1134:
1067:
1130:
4999:
4641:
4496:
4466:
4025:
3827:
3803:
3716:
949:
882:
303:
51:
1968:
1548:
2612:
4994:
4932:
4666:
4656:
4616:
4491:
4223:
4158:
3885:
3863:
3746:
3736:
3685:
3675:
3631:
3446:
3267:
3010:
2949:
2777:
2677:
1166:
772:
565:
427:
361:, the lunar maximum events, and the lunar minimum events, due to their precise straight and parallel lines.
2734:
2652:
1122:
720:
290:
4601:
4321:
4168:
4111:
4045:
4030:
3821:
3423:
3061:
3020:
2840:
2486:
1311:
832:
787:
272:
199:
platform pipes, far and wide; they have been found among grave goods in many burials outside the Midwest.
169:
61:
4795:
4729:
4676:
4571:
4238:
4203:
4193:
4134:
3797:
2967:
2692:
2642:
2587:
2552:
1623:
1197:
1146:
1141:
990:
938:
878:
816:
776:
255:
115:
37:
4471:
3815:
3791:
1126:
831:
is situated at the mouth of a small valley that opens into the Missouri River Valley, near present-day
698:
2572:
1114:
1002:
4366:
4218:
4090:
3857:
3851:
3839:
3833:
3809:
3779:
3751:
3581:
3400:
2995:
2850:
2701:
2647:
2637:
2562:
1913:"Excavation and Archaeological Investigation at Barstow County's Leake Site-Evidence for Interaction"
804:
2607:
1054:
731:), as well as from Southeastern sites with Hopewellian assemblages, such as the Miner's Creek site,
419:
382:
imported from hundreds of miles away. Stone and ceramics were also fashioned into intricate shapes.
4857:
4153:
4080:
4055:
4020:
4000:
3598:
3548:
3504:
3382:
3321:
3247:
3030:
2977:
2962:
2597:
2567:
2547:
2542:
1213:
926:
812:
431:
231:
125:
2762:
719:, and northwestern and western Kentucky. In the far western limits of Crab Orchard culture is the
4942:
4754:
4486:
4481:
4341:
4188:
4124:
4040:
4035:
3967:
3690:
3604:
3538:
3410:
3239:
3183:
2929:
2878:
2835:
2767:
2632:
2577:
2243:
2235:
1251:
1247:
1102:
1101:
Valley just a few miles from Chillicothe, Ohio. Other earthworks in the Chillicothe area include
930:
898:
760:
728:
358:
192:
4060:
2349:
Grave Creek Mound Archaeology complex Research Facility and Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology
1647:
1243:
835:. It is a multi-component site with evidence of Kansas City Hopewell (around 100 to 500 CE) and
367:
has written a book on the subject of "astronomers, geometers, and magicians" at the earthworks.
4968:
4769:
4476:
4233:
4213:
3995:
3927:
3845:
3543:
3051:
3025:
2825:
2729:
2672:
2617:
2522:
2384:
2327:
2308:
Peterson map 5.1 1996-08:91; Maslowski 1973, 1978a, 1980, 1984a: "Cordage Twist and Ethnicity"
2128:
2068:
1892:
1791:
1688:
1369:
1087:
1010:
902:
886:
866:
653:
451:
342:
338:
334:
315:
243:
157:
146:
91:
4912:
4749:
4701:
4651:
4591:
4506:
4431:
4421:
4396:
4351:
4198:
4148:
4129:
4119:
4070:
4065:
3785:
3331:
3163:
2891:
2602:
2532:
2527:
2227:
2173:
2038:
1365:
1359:
1118:
1083:
727:
are also known from Hopewell sites in Ohio (such as Seip earthworks, Rockhold, Harness, and
538:
439:
392:
4805:
4759:
4511:
4456:
4446:
4306:
4228:
4085:
4015:
4010:
3990:
3957:
3653:
3533:
3281:
3243:
3153:
3071:
3005:
2805:
2744:
2481:
2288:
2148:
2098:
1290:
1271:
1258:
have driven game animals north or west in search of grazing land. The introduction of the
1193:
1189:
1181:
978:
958:
922:
736:
641:
435:
330:
165:
2013:
152:
cultures that flourished in settlements along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern
4887:
4872:
4862:
4764:
4501:
4331:
4286:
4183:
4095:
4050:
3374:
3173:
3066:
3056:
2957:
2911:
2830:
2820:
2790:
2491:
2362:
2261:
2194:
1790:. Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Vol. 37. Woodward and McDonald; Carnegie Museum.
1728:
1677:
1432:
1407:
1079:
986:
877:
in the United States. They were the first pottery-using people of Ontario north of the
848:
223:
1499:
450:. An example of the abstract human forms is the "Mica Hand" from the Hopewell Site in
314:
Several scientists, including Bradley T. Lepper, hypothesize that the Octagon, in the
172:
or society but a widely dispersed set of populations connected by a common network of
4983:
4744:
4739:
4631:
4581:
4576:
4561:
4551:
4546:
4296:
4173:
3985:
3962:
3773:
3721:
3569:
3498:
3468:
2939:
2924:
2754:
2627:
2320:
2247:
1784:
1316:
1275:
1259:
1030:
1014:
1006:
982:
962:
752:
748:
667:
662:
517:
513:
495:
308:
216:
179:
At its greatest extent, the Hopewell exchange system ran from the northern shores of
101:
2465:
1937:
Hopewell Archeology: The Newsletter of Hopewell Archeology in the Ohio River Valley;
1755:
1708:
17:
4947:
4902:
4852:
4842:
4822:
4790:
4691:
4646:
4626:
4411:
4391:
4356:
4271:
4256:
4075:
3947:
3575:
3553:
3492:
3486:
3312:
3306:
3275:
3251:
3158:
3148:
3000:
2934:
2886:
2592:
2537:
2517:
1201:
1075:
1045:
974:
966:
910:
836:
732:
400:
319:
262:, specialized use of resources, and probably population growth. Hopewell societies
180:
111:
1611:
1341:(Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, Springer Verlag, 2005)' 733 pages
1989:
4800:
4681:
4661:
4526:
4386:
4376:
4261:
4005:
3767:
3516:
3462:
3351:
3341:
3291:
3143:
3015:
906:
756:
326:
173:
2231:
1990:"Trowbridge (14WY1) is an archaeological site located near Kansas City, Kansas"
1863:
1837:
4837:
4734:
4606:
4521:
4436:
4346:
3896:
3669:
3649:
3641:
3363:
3301:
3035:
2622:
2432:
2078:
https://books.google.com/books?id=_0u2y_SVnmoC&q=pharr+mounds&pg=PA528
1263:
reasons for the evident dispersal of the people have not yet been determined.
1185:
1150:
791:
763:
to the north. The culture is named for the Goodall site in northwest Indiana.
708:
161:
4611:
4441:
3474:
3327:
3117:
2724:
2124:
2064:
1939:
4. "Current Research on the Goodall Focus;" Volume 2, Number 1, October 1996
1679:
Early Art of the Southeastern Indians – Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings
970:
914:
874:
870:
724:
690:, as copper and galena artifacts have often been found with Copena burials.
683:
447:
259:
76:
1224:
The Wilhelm culture (1 to 500 CE), Hopewellian influenced, appeared in the
311:, were constructed in the shape of animals, birds, or writhing serpents.
4810:
4774:
4724:
4586:
4371:
3510:
3480:
3295:
3112:
2407:
1916:
918:
862:
853:
The Laurel complex was a Native American culture in what is now southern
716:
443:
379:
350:
337:, were the first researchers to analyze numerous lunar sightlines at the
276:
263:
219:
211:
Hopewell populations originated in western New York and moved south into
196:
42:
Hopewell Interaction Area and local expressions of the Hopewell tradition
3622:
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
2239:
446:. Many other figurines are highly detailed in dress, ornamentation, and
4817:
4301:
4178:
4100:
3369:
858:
780:
712:
679:
354:
226:
and into southwestern Michigan, spawning Goodall Hopewell. (Dancey 114)
188:
4163:
3357:
3337:
3285:
3097:
3092:
2427:
1184:
was a Native American culture located around the southeast shores of
854:
687:
534:
509:
412:
408:
371:
1552:
395:, ear plugs, and pendants. Some graves were lined with woven mats,
4907:
3347:
3317:
3122:
3107:
2417:
1330:
Hopewell Settlement Patterns, Subsistence, and Symbolic Landscapes
1242:
1074:
The greatest concentration of Hopewell ceremonial sites is in the
1061:
1053:
957:
The Miller culture was a Hopewellian culture located in the upper
948:
697:
531:
404:
289:
1749:"A Survey of Adena-Hopewell (Scioto) Anthropomorphic Portraiture"
640:
In addition to the noted Ohio Hopewell, a number of other Middle
4867:
3227:
3102:
1097:, encompassing mounds for which the culture is named, is in the
467:
396:
375:
323:
212:
3900:
3198:
2436:
2412:
254:
The Hopewell inherited from their Adena forebears an incipient
803:
At the western edge of the Hopewell interaction sphere is the
482:
Serpent effigy, Turner Group, Mound 4, Little Miami Valley, OH
790:
is a group of seven burial mounds on a bluff overlooking the
2422:
1573:
Turner, Christopher S. (1982). "Hopewell Archaeoastronomy".
2326:. Vol. 2. University Press of Kentucky; Google eBook.
2279:
2277:
1339:
Gathering Hopewell: Society, Ritual, and Ritual Interaction
2121:
Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: an encyclopedia
2061:
Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: an encyclopedia
1951:
Archaeology of prehistoric native America: an encyclopedia
1530:
1528:
1172:
after which burial ceremonialism was no longer practiced.
2351:(abstract ed.). West Virginia Archeological Society.
1066:
Artists conception of the summer solstice sunrise at the
981:. Some sites associated with the Miller culture, such as
739:
in Georgia, and the Yearwood site in southern Tennessee.
678:
The Copena culture was a Hopewellian culture in northern
1594:
An Astronomical Interpretation of the Hopeton Earthworks
1536:
Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early North America
985:
and Pinson Mounds on its western periphery, built large
2285:"The Archaeology of Ontario-The Middle Woodland Period"
1549:"The Octagon Earthworks: A Neolithic Lunar Observatory"
2428:
Hopewell Culture, National Historical Park, Ohio, NPS
2115:
Gibbon, Guy E.; Ames, Kenneth M., eds. (2003-05-31).
1612:"Newark Earthwork Cosmology : This Island Earth"
1575:
Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture
1308:- World Heritage Site preserving Ohio Hopewell sites
4783:
4715:
4247:
3976:
3873:
3760:
3699:
3662:
3614:
3562:
3526:
3455:
3409:
3391:
3266:
3085:
3044:
2976:
2948:
2910:
2877:
2849:
2776:
2753:
2700:
2505:
2170:"m7/98 Encyclopedia of North American Prehistory M"
1729:"Tremper Mound and Earthworks-Ohio History Central"
121:
107:
97:
87:
75:
67:
57:
47:
2319:
1822:(2 ed.). West Virginia Archeological Society.
1783:
1676:
1494:
1492:
494:Hopewell pipe, points, and earspool on display at
1538:, Los Angeles, California: 2015. Chapter 1, p. 6.
258:. This increased social stability and reinforced
5020:Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands
5015:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
3260:History of Native Americans in the United States
2149:"Southeastern Prehistory: Late Woodland Period"
2059:Gibbon, Guy E.; Ames, Kenneth M., eds. (1998).
1644:"Ancestral Art-Information on Hopewell Culture"
1086:) and adjacent Paint Creek valley, centered on
5035:6th-century disestablishments in North America
2497:List of archaeological periods (North America)
1500:"Native American Government-Eastern Woodlands"
1402:
1400:
1332:(University Press of Florida, 2010); 400 pages
27:Ancient North American indigenous civilization
3912:
3210:
2448:
2195:"Chillicothe Earthworks-Ohio Central History"
1882:
1880:
8:
2347:William C. Johnson, D. Scott Speedy (2009).
2262:"Portsmouth Earthworks-Ohio Central History"
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
238:after his 1891 and 1892 explorations of the
30:
3594:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
3139:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
2413:Ancient Earthworks of Eastern North America
636:Local expressions of Hopewellian traditions
3919:
3905:
3897:
3217:
3203:
3195:
2455:
2441:
2433:
2408:Ohio Historical Society's Archaeology Page
1358:Douglas T. Price; Gary M. Feinman (2008).
1265:
1058:Map of the archaeological cultures of Ohio
1024:
341:(1982) and the High Banks Works (1984) in
168:. The Hopewell tradition was not a single
36:
4427:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
3727:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
2583:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
2110:
2108:
1777:
1775:
1337:Christopher Carr and D. Troy Case, eds.
1095:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
591:Bird head carved on bone, Hopewell Mounds
579:Copper spider(?) from a Ross County mound
5005:Archaeological cultures of North America
2658:Seip Earthworks and Dill Mounds District
1820:Introduction to West Virginia Archeology
1328:A. Martin Byers and DeeAnne Wymer, eds.
1111:Seip Earthworks and Dill Mounds District
881:. The complex is named after the former
3742:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum
2991:Crystal River Archaeological State Park
2683:Williamson Mound Archeological District
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1350:
456:
2094:
2083:
1485:. Kent University Press. pp. 3–8.
1196:area, and possibly as far east as the
29:
3256:Native Americans in the United States
2710:Carrier Mills Archaeological District
2381:"Free Essays-Hopewell Indian Culture"
1070:with the Mound City Group to the left
630:Pot with a bird design, Hopewell site
7:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
4898:Norse colonization of North America
3881:Native American place names in Ohio
1860:"Midwest Archaeological Conference"
1226:Northern Panhandle of West Virginia
2897:Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site
1364:. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.
935:Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site
617:American Museum of Natural History
603:Repoussé copper falcon, Mound City
215:, where they built upon the local
25:
2864:Renner Village Archeological Site
2786:Albany Mounds State Historic Site
2035:"Louisiana Prehistory-Marksville"
1470:. Big Pictures Press. p. 32.
901:was a Hopewellian culture in the
809:Renner Village archeological site
3615:Prehistoric communities or sites
3226:
2691:
2464:
1949:Guy E. Gibbon, Kenneth M. Ames.
1891:. University Press of Kentucky.
623:
608:
596:
584:
572:
557:
545:
524:
502:
487:
475:
459:
4918:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1616:Hopewell Archaeology Newsletter
1592:Turner, Christopher S. (1983).
1515:Advances in World Archaeology 5
1361:Images of the Past, 5th edition
5025:Classic period in the Americas
3169:Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks
2982:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture
2859:Cloverdale archaeological site
1306:Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks
933:cultures. It is named for the
1:
5030:3rd-century BC establishments
2869:Trowbridge Archeological Site
2816:Naples Archeological District
1818:McMichael, Edward V. (1968).
1009:area, an upper branch of the
917:, Mississippi, Missouri, and
839:(around 1200 CE) occupation.
821:Trowbridge archeological site
552:Otter effigy pipe, Mound City
407:, sea shells, sharks' teeth,
5040:Prehistoric cultures in Ohio
4883:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
4833:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3712:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)
3627:Archaeological sites in Ohio
3179:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2920:Bynum Mound and Village Site
2902:Mott Archaeological Preserve
1393:. Thames and Hudson, London.
1204:, also known as the Ottawa.
913:valley areas of present-day
857:, southern and northwestern
656:was a Hopewell group in the
4267:Bandelier National Monument
4141:List of Mississippian sites
3928:Pre-Columbian North America
3732:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum
3434:Two Mile Square Reservation
3429:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation
2801:Golden Eagle-Toppmeyer Site
1965:"Toolesboro Mounds History"
1685:University of Georgia Press
1519:University of Georgia Press
185:Crystal River Indian Mounds
5056:
4687:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
4292:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
4001:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
3707:Flint Ridge State Memorial
3439:Upper Sandusky Reservation
3077:Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)
2689:
2369:. Ohio History Connection.
2232:10.7183/0002-7316.76.4.667
2224:Cambridge University Press
1164:
953:Miller and Copena cultures
846:
615:Repoussé copper falcon at
411:, and small quantities of
4956:
4928:Three Sisters agriculture
3934:
3237:
3131:
3045:Other Hopewellian peoples
2668:Shriver Circle Earthworks
2477:
2010:"Talk-Hopewell Tradition"
1439:. Ohio Historical Society
1414:. Ohio Historical Society
1287:
1280:
1268:
1042:
1035:
1027:
294:Hopewell mounds from the
145:, describes a network of
35:
4467:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
4026:Buttermilk Creek complex
3828:Battle of Fallen Timbers
3804:Treaty of Camp Charlotte
3717:Fort Hill State Memorial
3419:Blanchard's Fork Reserve
3232:Native Americans in Ohio
2418:Octagon Moonrise website
2322:West Virginia, a history
2318:Rice, and Brown (1993).
1887:Lewis, R. Barry (1996).
1389:Fagan, Brian M. (2005).
883:unincorporated community
52:Midwestern United States
4667:Town Creek Indian Mound
4637:Sierra de San Francisco
4492:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
3886:Indian removals in Ohio
3747:SunWatch Indian Village
3737:New Indian Ridge Museum
3686:Thunderbird (mythology)
3447:Indian removals in Ohio
2950:Point Peninsula complex
2778:Havana Hopewell culture
2678:Tremper Mound and Works
2613:Nettle Lake Mound Group
1782:Dragoo, Don W. (1963).
1709:"Hopewell (1–400 A.D.)"
1483:Hopewellian Archaeology
1167:Point Peninsula complex
1161:Point Peninsula complex
773:Havana Hopewell culture
767:Havana Hopewell culture
230:American archaeologist
4322:Coso Rock Art District
4209:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
4112:List of Hopewell sites
3822:Siege of Fort Recovery
3424:Moravian Indian Grants
3062:Fourche Maline culture
3021:Swift Creek mound site
2841:Toolesboro Mound Group
2487:List of Hopewell sites
1433:"Hopewell Mound Group"
1312:List of Hopewell sites
1254:
1147:large square enclosure
1071:
1059:
954:
921:. It evolved into the
833:Saint Joseph, Missouri
703:
658:Big Sandy River Valley
299:
250:Politics and hierarchy
228:
166:Middle Woodland period
62:Middle Woodland period
4730:Arlington Springs Man
4572:Portsmouth Earthworks
3798:Yellow Creek massacre
2648:Rocky Fork Enclosures
2643:Portsmouth Earthworks
2588:Indian Mound Cemetery
2553:Everett Knoll Complex
1675:Power, Susan (2004).
1624:National Park Service
1391:Ancient North America
1272:Early Woodland period
1246:
1142:Portsmouth Earthworks
1065:
1057:
1021:Ohio Hopewell culture
991:Mississippian culture
952:
939:Marksville, Louisiana
879:Trent-Severn Waterway
777:Mississippian culture
701:
470:hand, Hopewell Mounds
293:
256:social stratification
234:popularized the term
209:
116:Mississippian culture
4938:Transoceanic contact
4828:Container Revolution
4402:Gila Cliff Dwellings
4367:Etowah Indian Mounds
3864:Treaty of St. Mary's
3858:Treaty of Fort Meigs
3852:Treaty of Brownstown
3840:Treaty of Grouseland
3834:Treaty of Greenville
3810:Northwest Indian War
3780:Raid on Pickawillany
3752:Zane Shawnee Caverns
3681:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎
3637:Petroglyphs in Ohio‎
3582:Glacial Kame culture
3563:Prehistoric cultures
3527:Historic communities
3401:Algonquian languages
2996:Etowah Indian Mounds
2851:Kansas City Hopewell
2702:Crab Orchard culture
2563:Fortified Hill Works
2367:Ohio History Central
2127:. pp. 327–328.
2067:. pp. 527–528.
2041:on February 23, 2008
1889:Kentucky Archaeology
1437:Ohio History Central
1412:Ohio History Central
1250:, Sinnissippi Park,
979:Late Woodland period
805:Kansas City Hopewell
799:Kansas City Hopewell
711:channel in southern
702:Crab Orchard culture
694:Crab Orchard culture
512:and points from the
240:Hopewell Mound Group
143:Hopewellian exchange
82:Hopewell Mound Group
18:Crab Orchard culture
4990:Hopewellian peoples
4858:Green Corn Ceremony
4672:Turkey River Mounds
4462:Lake Jackson Mounds
4282:Blue Spring Shelter
3599:Monongahela culture
3549:Muskingum (village)
3411:Former reservations
3383:Western Confederacy
3248:Northwest Territory
2978:Swift Creek culture
2963:Serpent Mounds Park
2598:Marietta Earthworks
2568:Great Hopewell Road
2548:Ety Habitation Site
2471:Hopewellian peoples
1786:Mounds for the Dead
1466:Nelson, Jo (2015).
1282:Hopewell tradition
1214:Swift Creek culture
1208:Swift Creek culture
861:, and east-central
813:Riverside, Missouri
682:, Mississippi, and
232:Warren K. Moorehead
126:Warren K. Moorehead
32:
5010:Great Lakes tribes
4943:Underwater panther
4617:Rosenstock Village
4487:Marmes Rockshelter
4472:L'Anse aux Meadows
3816:St. Clair's defeat
3792:Lord Dunmore's War
3691:Underwater panther
3607:(Late Prehistoric)
3605:Whittlesey culture
3578:(Late Prehistoric)
3539:Lenape settlements
3240:Prehistory of Ohio
3184:Underwater panther
3108:Fresh water pearls
3086:Exotic trade items
3011:Miner's Creek site
2968:LeVescounte Mounds
2879:Marksville culture
2836:Sinnissippi Mounds
2768:Norton Mound group
2633:Perin Village Site
2578:Hopeton Earthworks
2363:"Hopewell culture"
2216:American Antiquity
1608:Romain, William F.
1408:"Hopewell Culture"
1255:
1252:Sterling, Illinois
1248:Sinnissippi Mounds
1072:
1060:
955:
899:Marksville culture
893:Marksville culture
761:Grand Traverse Bay
704:
418:Excavation of the
405:fresh water pearls
393:ceremonial pottery
359:cross-quarter days
300:
137:, also called the
135:Hopewell tradition
48:Geographical range
31:Hopewell tradition
4977:
4976:
4969:Pre-Columbian era
4770:Spirit Cave mummy
4567:Plum Bayou Mounds
4477:Lynch Quarry Site
3996:Ancient Beringian
3894:
3893:
3846:Treaty of Detroit
3590:(Middle Woodland)
3544:Lower Shawneetown
3192:
3191:
3052:Armstrong culture
3026:Third Gulf Breeze
2826:Ogden-Fettie Site
2735:O'byams Fort site
2730:Mount Vernon Site
2673:Stubbs Earthworks
2653:Rocky Fork Mounds
2618:Newark Earthworks
2523:Cary Village Site
2333:978-0-911239-09-6
2134:978-0-8153-0725-9
2093:Missing or empty
2086:cite encyclopedia
2074:978-0-8153-0725-9
1898:978-0-8131-1907-6
1797:978-0-911239-09-6
1694:978-0-8203-2501-9
1610:(March 2, 2005).
1375:978-0-07-340520-9
1297:
1296:
1288:Succeeded by
1285:200 BCE – 500 CE
1088:Chillicothe, Ohio
1052:
1051:
1043:Succeeded by
1011:Monongahela River
903:Lower Mississippi
887:Laurel, Minnesota
867:northern Michigan
721:O'byams Fort site
654:Armstrong culture
648:Armstrong culture
452:Ross County, Ohio
365:William F. Romain
343:Chillicothe, Ohio
339:Newark Earthworks
335:Richmond, Indiana
316:Newark Earthworks
244:Ross County, Ohio
154:Eastern Woodlands
131:
130:
92:Newark Earthworks
71:100 BCE to 500 CE
16:(Redirected from
5047:
4913:Projectile point
4750:Leanderthal Lady
4677:Upward Sun River
4652:Stallings Island
4642:Shell ring sites
4592:Recapture Canyon
4507:Moorehead Circle
4352:El Fin del Mundo
4337:Cueva de la Olla
4143:
4130:Maritime Archaic
4114:
3944:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3898:
3572:(Early Woodland)
3456:Historic figures
3231:
3230:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3196:
3164:Hopewell pottery
2892:Grand Gulf Mound
2811:Mound House site
2695:
2603:Moorehead Circle
2573:High Banks Works
2533:Dunns Pond Mound
2528:Cedar-Bank Works
2469:
2468:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2383:. Archived from
2377:
2371:
2370:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2287:. Archived from
2281:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2172:. Archived from
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2037:. Archived from
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2012:. Archived from
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1967:. Archived from
1961:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1915:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1902:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1858:Ian K. deNeeve.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1836:. Archived from
1830:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1754:. Archived from
1753:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1682:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1646:. Archived from
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1551:. Archived from
1545:
1539:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1355:
1269:Preceded by
1266:
1239:Cultural decline
1119:Cedar-Bank Works
1115:High Banks Works
1084:Portsmouth, Ohio
1028:Preceded by
1025:
1003:Montane Hopewell
997:Montane Hopewell
759:on the east and
627:
612:
600:
588:
576:
561:
549:
528:
506:
491:
479:
463:
440:chondrodystropic
296:Mound City Group
139:Hopewell culture
40:
33:
21:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5000:Woodland period
4980:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4964:Genetic history
4952:
4806:Ceremonial pipe
4779:
4760:Minnesota Woman
4717:
4711:
4532:Ocmulgee Mounds
4512:Morrison Mounds
4457:Kolomoki Mounds
4447:Kimball Village
4307:Candelaria Cave
4249:
4243:
4224:Suwannee Valley
4159:Old Cordilleran
4139:
4110:
3978:
3972:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3895:
3890:
3869:
3756:
3695:
3658:
3654:Wilderness Road
3610:
3601:(Late Woodland)
3558:
3534:Hell Town, Ohio
3522:
3451:
3405:
3387:
3268:Historic tribes
3262:
3244:History of Ohio
3233:
3225:
3223:
3193:
3188:
3154:Ceremonial pipe
3127:
3081:
3072:Saugeen complex
3040:
3006:Kolomoki Mounds
2984:
2980:
2972:
2944:
2906:
2873:
2845:
2806:Kamp Mound Site
2772:
2749:
2745:Yankeetown site
2696:
2687:
2663:Shawnee Lookout
2501:
2482:Woodland period
2473:
2463:
2461:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2092:
2082:
2075:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1526:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1325:
1323:Further reading
1302:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1241:
1222:
1220:Wilhelm culture
1210:
1194:London, Ontario
1190:Bruce Peninsula
1182:Saugeen complex
1178:
1176:Saugeen complex
1169:
1163:
1048:
1040:200 BCE-500 CE
1039:
1033:
1023:
999:
987:platform mounds
959:Tombigbee River
947:
923:Baytown culture
895:
873:, and northern
869:, northwestern
865:in Canada; and
851:
845:
829:Cloverdale site
801:
788:Toolesboro site
769:
745:
737:Mandeville site
696:
676:
650:
642:Woodland period
638:
631:
628:
619:
613:
604:
601:
592:
589:
580:
577:
568:
562:
553:
550:
541:
529:
520:
507:
498:
492:
483:
480:
471:
464:
436:achondroplastic
388:
331:Earlham College
288:
252:
205:
150:Native American
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5053:
5051:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4995:Mound Builders
4992:
4982:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4888:Mound Builders
4885:
4880:
4875:
4873:Medicine wheel
4870:
4865:
4863:Horned Serpent
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4602:Roberts Island
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Old Stone Fort
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:Moaning Cavern
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Kincaid Mounds
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:Cuarenta Casas
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4287:Bluefish Caves
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4248:Archaeological
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Caloosahatchee
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:Caborn-Welborn
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3977:Archaeological
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Mounds in Ohio
3673:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:Mounds in Ohio
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3299:
3289:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Horned Serpent
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3135:Related topics
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Laurel complex
3064:
3059:
3057:Copena culture
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Lewiston Mound
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2912:Miller culture
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Rockwell Mound
2828:
2823:
2821:Naples Mound 8
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Dickson Mounds
2788:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Mound of Pipes
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2492:Mound Builders
2489:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2402:External links
2400:
2398:
2397:
2372:
2354:
2339:
2332:
2310:
2301:
2273:
2253:
2206:
2186:
2161:
2140:
2133:
2104:
2073:
2051:
2026:
2001:
1981:
1956:
1953:. p. 347.
1941:
1929:
1904:
1897:
1876:
1850:
1825:
1803:
1796:
1771:
1740:
1720:
1700:
1693:
1660:
1635:
1599:
1584:
1565:
1540:
1534:Nash, Gary B.
1524:
1505:
1488:
1473:
1449:
1424:
1396:
1381:
1374:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1270:
1240:
1237:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1206:
1177:
1174:
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1135:Shriver Circle
1068:Shriver Circle
1050:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1037:Ohio Hopewell
1034:
1029:
1022:
1019:
998:
995:
946:
945:Miller culture
943:
925:and later the
894:
891:
849:Laurel complex
847:Main article:
844:
843:Laurel complex
841:
800:
797:
768:
765:
744:
741:
695:
692:
675:
674:Copena culture
672:
649:
646:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
622:
620:
614:
607:
605:
602:
595:
593:
590:
583:
581:
578:
571:
569:
566:Tremper Mounds
563:
556:
554:
551:
544:
542:
530:
523:
521:
508:
501:
499:
493:
486:
484:
481:
474:
472:
465:
458:
420:Mound of Pipes
387:
384:
287:
284:
251:
248:
224:Illinois River
204:
201:
187:in modern-day
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5052:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Falcon dancer
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:Miscellaneous
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Melbourne Man
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:La Brea Woman
4743:
4741:
4740:Kennewick Man
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Serpent Mound
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Pueblo Bonito
4580:
4578:
4577:Poverty Point
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Pinson Mounds
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Painted Bluff
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Horr's Island
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Effigy Mounds
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:Crystal River
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4239:Weeden Island
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Safety Harbor
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Poverty Point
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:Paleo-Indians
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4135:Mississippian
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:Pontiac's War
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:Nanfan Treaty
3772:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Fort Recovery
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3499:Little Turtle
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:Buckongahelas
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Yearwood site
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2940:Pinson Mounds
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Ingomar Mound
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:Goodall focus
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Cleiman Mound
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Pollock Works
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Ety Enclosure
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:Ohio Hopewell
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2387:on 2008-08-27
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2291:on 2009-07-15
2290:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2176:on 2009-10-27
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2087:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2016:on 2008-07-26
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1971:on 2008-01-24
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1919:on 2011-07-07
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1866:on 2008-05-16
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1840:on 2007-01-25
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1761:on 2009-03-06
1757:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1650:on 2008-09-05
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1596:. C.S.Turner.
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1555:on 2008-01-11
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:Adena culture
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1291:Late Woodland
1283:
1277:
1276:Adena culture
1273:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:bow and arrow
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:, around the
1191:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:Valley (from
1077:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1031:Adena culture
1026:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1015:West Virginia
1012:
1008:
1007:Tygart Valley
1004:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
983:Ingomar Mound
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:Pinson Mounds
960:
951:
944:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
830:
825:
822:
819:remains. The
818:
817:Mississippian
814:
810:
806:
798:
796:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:Lake Michigan
750:
749:Goodall focus
743:Goodall focus
742:
740:
738:
735:, 9HY98, and
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
668:Kanawha River
664:
659:
655:
647:
645:
643:
635:
626:
621:
618:
611:
606:
599:
594:
587:
582:
575:
570:
567:
564:Bird figure,
560:
555:
548:
543:
540:
536:
533:
527:
522:
519:
518:Serpent Mound
515:
514:Adena culture
511:
505:
500:
497:
496:Serpent Mound
490:
485:
478:
473:
469:
462:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Scioto County
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
309:effigy mounds
305:
297:
292:
285:
283:
280:
278:
274:
268:
265:
261:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
218:
214:
208:
202:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:south to the
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:Adena culture
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
19:
4948:Water glyphs
4903:Oasisamerica
4893:N.A.G.P.R.A.
4853:Folsom point
4843:Effigy mound
4823:Clovis point
4791:Aridoamerica
4692:Wickiup Hill
4647:Spiro Mounds
4627:Salmon Ruins
4622:Russell Cave
4417:Helen Blazes
4412:Grimes Point
4392:Fort Juelson
4382:Fort Ancient
4357:El Vallecito
4317:Chaco Canyon
4257:Angel Mounds
4219:Steed-Kisker
4169:Paleo-Arctic
4105:
4091:Glacial Kame
4076:Fort Ancient
3968:Post-Classic
3939:
3874:Other topics
3776:(1701, 1726)
3646:
3587:
3576:Fort Ancient
3554:Pickawillany
3493:Kakowatcheky
3487:Joseph Brant
3443:
3379:
3276:Chalahgawtha
3252:Ohio Country
3159:Effigy mound
3149:burial mound
3001:Leake Mounds
2935:Pharr Mounds
2887:Crooks Mound
2763:Goodall site
2593:Keiter Mound
2558:Fort Ancient
2538:Ellis Mounds
2518:Benham Mound
2470:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:the original
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2321:
2313:
2304:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2265:. Retrieved
2256:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2198:. Retrieved
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:the original
2164:
2153:. Retrieved
2143:
2120:
2095:|title=
2060:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:the original
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2004:
1993:. Retrieved
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:the original
1959:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:the original
1907:
1888:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1828:
1819:
1785:
1763:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1743:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1712:. Retrieved
1703:
1678:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1619:
1615:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1557:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1543:
1535:
1514:
1508:
1482:
1476:
1467:
1441:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1390:
1384:
1360:
1353:
1338:
1329:
1281:
1256:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1211:
1202:Odawa people
1179:
1170:
1155:Tremper site
1139:
1121:, Anderson,
1092:
1076:Scioto River
1073:
1046:Fort Ancient
1036:
1013:of northern
1000:
975:Pharr Mounds
967:Bynum Mounds
956:
909:valley, and
896:
852:
837:Steed-Kisker
826:
802:
785:
770:
746:
733:Leake Mounds
705:
677:
651:
639:
428:Tremper site
417:
401:Grizzly bear
389:
369:
363:
347:
320:Newark, Ohio
313:
301:
281:
269:
253:
235:
229:
210:
206:
181:Lake Ontario
178:
174:trade routes
142:
138:
134:
132:
112:Fort Ancient
4933:Thunderbird
4801:Black drink
4765:Peñon woman
4702:Winterville
4682:Velda Mound
4662:Taos Pueblo
4557:Parkin Park
4542:Orwell site
4527:Nodena site
4422:Holly Bluff
4397:Four Mounds
4387:Fort Center
4312:Casa Grande
4262:Anzick site
4154:Monongahela
4081:Fort Walton
4056:Coles Creek
4021:Belle Glade
4006:Anishinaabe
3812:(1785–1795)
3770:(1609-1701)
3768:Beaver Wars
3672:(sculpture)
3517:Tenskwatawa
3463:Blue Jacket
3352:Anishinaabe
3342:Anishinaabe
3292:Erie people
3144:Black drink
3016:Pierce Site
2930:Miller Site
2796:Duncan Farm
2740:Wilson site
2720:Hubele site
2423:Ohio Memory
2226:: 667–689.
1198:Grand River
1131:Story Mound
1127:Spruce Hill
1117:, Liberty,
1099:Paint Creek
927:Coles Creek
779:that built
757:Saginaw Bay
715:, southern
516:, found at
327:observatory
108:Followed by
98:Preceded by
88:Major sites
4984:Categories
4878:Metallurgy
4838:Eden point
4735:Buhl Woman
4607:Rock Eagle
4597:River Styx
4522:Mummy Cave
4517:Moundville
4497:Mesa Verde
4482:Marksville
4229:Tchefuncte
4189:Plaquemine
4125:Las Palmas
4041:Calf Creek
4036:Cades Pond
3650:Ohio River
3642:Tower Site
3364:Piankeshaw
3302:Honniasont
3123:Sea shells
3036:Yent Mound
2623:Oak Mounds
2391:2008-09-11
2295:2009-07-10
2267:2008-09-11
2200:2008-09-11
2180:2008-09-11
2155:2011-10-23
2045:2008-09-11
2020:2008-09-12
1995:2008-09-12
1975:2008-09-12
1923:2010-01-03
1870:2008-09-11
1844:2008-09-11
1765:2008-09-11
1734:2009-06-02
1714:2008-09-11
1654:2008-09-11
1629:2019-05-19
1559:2008-09-11
1443:2011-05-25
1418:2011-05-25
1346:References
1186:Lake Huron
1151:Biggs site
1125:, Dunlap,
1107:Mound City
969:, Miller (
931:Plum Bayou
792:Iowa River
709:Ohio River
539:Mound City
448:hairstyles
424:Mound City
304:earthworks
147:precontact
122:Defined by
4923:Stickball
4612:Rock Hawk
4442:Key Marco
4234:Troyville
4214:St. Johns
4199:Red Ocher
3958:Formative
3670:Birdstone
3584:(Archaic)
3519:(Shawnee)
3513:(Shawnee)
3507:(Wyandot)
3505:Roundhead
3495:(Shawnee)
3477:(Shawnee)
3475:Cornstalk
3465:(Shawnee)
3393:Languages
3360:(Shawnee)
3334:speaking)
3328:Mosopelea
3324:speaking)
3322:Iroquoian
3309:(Wyandot)
3278:(Shawnee)
3118:Pipestone
2725:Mann site
2513:Beam Farm
2248:163239253
2151:. NPS.GOV
2125:Routledge
2065:Routledge
1468:Historium
1123:Frankfort
971:type site
915:Louisiana
875:Minnesota
871:Wisconsin
725:Mann site
684:Tennessee
355:equinoxes
351:solstices
277:chiefdoms
260:sedentism
164:, in the
156:from 100
77:Type site
4811:Chanunpa
4796:Ballgame
4775:Vero man
4725:Anzick-1
4697:Windover
4657:SunWatch
4587:Rassawek
4407:Glenwood
4297:Brewster
4149:Mogollon
4120:La Jolla
4106:Hopewell
4066:Deptford
3979:cultures
3647:See also
3588:Hopewell
3511:Tecumseh
3489:(Mohawk)
3481:Egushawa
3471:(Lenape)
3444:See also
3380:See also
3296:Iroquois
3282:Delaware
3113:Obsidian
2240:41331917
1834:"Copena"
1300:See also
1188:and the
1080:Columbus
919:Arkansas
905:valley,
863:Manitoba
717:Illinois
380:obsidian
322:, was a
264:cremated
236:Hopewell
220:mortuary
197:steatite
193:products
4960:Related
4818:Chunkey
4718:remains
4707:Wupatki
4547:Paquime
4437:Huápoca
4302:Cahokia
4272:Bastian
4179:Patayan
4101:Hohokam
4086:Fremont
4061:ComondĂş
4016:Baytown
4011:Avonlea
3991:Alachua
3963:Classic
3953:Archaic
3941:Periods
3700:Museums
3663:Culture
3501:(Miami)
3483:(Odawa)
3375:Wyandot
3370:Shawnee
3366:(Miami)
2628:Orators
1581:(3): 9.
1521:: 1–92.
1366:274–277
1103:Hopeton
1005:on the
973:), and
859:Ontario
781:Cahokia
713:Indiana
680:Alabama
510:Gorgets
466:Carved
403:teeth,
386:Artwork
298:in Ohio
273:big-men
203:Origins
189:Florida
170:culture
160:to 500
4377:Folsom
4342:Cutler
4277:Benson
4164:Oneota
4096:Glades
4071:Folsom
4051:Clovis
3948:Lithic
3866:(1818)
3860:(1817)
3854:(1808)
3848:(1807)
3842:(1805)
3836:(1795)
3830:(1794)
3824:(1794)
3818:(1791)
3806:(1774)
3800:(1774)
3794:(1774)
3788:(1763)
3782:(1752)
3761:Events
3358:Pekowi
3338:Ojibwe
3332:Siouan
3286:Lenape
3098:Galena
3093:Copper
2330:
2246:
2238:
2131:
2071:
1895:
1794:
1691:
1372:
1133:, and
911:Tensas
855:Quebec
807:. The
795:Iowa.
729:Turner
688:galena
537:pipe,
535:effigy
413:silver
409:copper
372:copper
357:, the
353:, the
286:Mounds
58:Period
4908:Piasa
4716:Human
4347:Eaker
4250:sites
4184:Plano
3986:Adena
3570:Adena
3348:Odawa
3318:Mingo
3313:Miami
3307:Huron
2244:S2CID
2236:JSTOR
2222:(4).
1759:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1622:(2).
907:Yazoo
663:Adena
532:Raven
444:dwarf
324:lunar
217:Adena
68:Dates
4868:Kiva
3103:Mica
2328:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2099:help
2069:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1212:The
1180:The
1140:The
1093:The
1001:The
929:and
897:The
827:The
786:The
771:The
747:The
652:The
468:mica
397:mica
378:and
376:mica
213:Ohio
141:and
133:The
4372:Eva
2228:doi
1082:to
937:in
885:of
811:in
430:in
422:at
333:in
318:at
242:in
158:BCE
4986::
3652:–
3258:–
3254:–
3250:–
3246:–
3242:–
2365:.
2276:^
2242:.
2234:.
2220:78
2218:.
2123:.
2119:.
2107:^
2090::
2088:}}
2084:{{
2063:.
1879:^
1806:^
1774:^
1687:.
1683:.
1663:^
1618:.
1614:.
1577:.
1527:^
1517:.
1491:^
1452:^
1435:.
1410:.
1399:^
1368:.
1157:.
1129:,
1113:,
1109:,
1105:,
965:,
941:.
889:.
442:)
374:,
345:.
279:.
176:.
162:CE
114:,
3920:e
3913:t
3906:v
3354:)
3350:(
3344:)
3340:(
3330:(
3320:(
3298:)
3294:(
3288:)
3284:(
3218:e
3211:t
3204:v
2456:e
2449:t
2442:v
2394:.
2336:.
2298:.
2270:.
2250:.
2230::
2203:.
2183:.
2158:.
2137:.
2101:)
2097:(
2080:.
2048:.
2023:.
1998:.
1978:.
1926:.
1901:.
1873:.
1847:.
1800:.
1768:.
1737:.
1717:.
1697:.
1657:.
1632:.
1620:6
1579:5
1562:.
1502:.
1446:.
1421:.
1378:.
438:(
271:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
