308:
for libel (Article 128 of the
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). As a result, the law of December 7, 2011 acquired the character of an interim criminal law, which temporarily abolished criminal liability for a crime. A similar situation arose in connection with the entry into force of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on January 1, 1997. Part 3 of art. 126 of the Criminal Code ("Abduction of a person") in the wording of this normative act provided for punishment from 5 to 15 years of imprisonment. Article 125 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, which was in force until January 1, 1997, provided for a penalty of 10 to 15 years of imprisonment for a similar act with or without confiscation of property, and the wording of Part 3 of Article 126 of the Criminal Code, which entered into force on February 12, 1999, provided for a penalty of 8 to 20 years of imprisonment.
284:
Force of
Federal Constitutional Laws, Federal Laws, Acts of the Chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" is used. According to it, federal laws come into force simultaneously on the entire territory of the Russian Federation after 10 days after the date of their official publication. The official publication is the first publication of the full text of the law in the "Parliamentary Newspaper", "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", "Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation" or the first publication on the "Official Internet Portal of Legal Information" (www.pravo.gov.ru ). At the same time, the countdown of the 10-day period begins from the date of publication in the "Parliamentary Newspaper" or "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", or from the date of publication on the "Official Internet Portal of Legal Information" (www.pravo.gov.ru ).
300:
Court of Russia gave the following interpretation of the law: "decriminalization of certain acts can be carried out not only by making appropriate changes to criminal legislation, but also by canceling regulatory prescriptions of other industry affiliation, to which the blank norms of the criminal law were referred, or limiting the scope of criminal law regulation as a result of legislative recognition any act that does not pose a public danger, which is peculiar to crimes, and entailing on this basis administrative or other milder responsibility". In another case, the
Constitutional Court of Russia found that the provisions on retroactive force relate only to the norms of criminal law, and not to the norms of legislation relating to other branches of law.
312:
and unstable. Thus, after the adoption of the
Criminal Code of the RSFSR in 1960, both examples of non-application of the interim criminal law and its application were observed in judicial practice; the Supreme Court of the USSR at the same time took the position of non-application of such a law. V. N. Kudryavtsev pointed out that the "interim" law could not be applied, since it was not in effect either at the time of the commission of the crime or during the consideration of the case by the court. The opposite point of view was held by such scientists as L. Zaitsev, I. Tishkevich, I. Gorelik, N. D. Durmanov, Ya. M. Brainin and others.
211:
psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as illegal acquisition". Article 228.1 concerns “Illegal production, sale or transfer of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as illegal sale or transfer of plants containing narcotics". Article 230.1 concerns "Inducing an athlete to use substances and/or methods prohibited for use in sport", while
Article 230.2 targets "Use of substances and/or methods prohibited for use in sport against an athlete". Article 234 “Illegal turnover of strong or toxic substances for the purpose of sale”.
166:
encroachment, the maintenance of peace and security of mankind, and also the prevention of crimes." To accomplish these tasks, the UGKRF "establishes the ground and principles of criminal responsibility, defines which deeds are recognized as offences dangerous to persons, society, or the State, and establishes the types of punishment and other penal measures for the commission of offences." Only the UGKRF determines criminality; that is, only if a person engages in conduct delineated by this statute can s/he be subject to the criminal label, and thereby punished.
42:
360:
Convention on the Law of the Sea of
December 10, 1982 establishes that the jurisdiction of the coastal State applies only to cases when the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State, or the crime violates the peace of the country or good order in the territorial sea, or if the ship's captain or a diplomatic (consular) representative of the flag State requests assistance to the local authorities, or if these measures are necessary to curb the illicit trafficking of narcotic or psychotropic drugs.
280:
provisions. According to art . 4 of this law, certain provisions on punishments are put into effect as soon as the necessary conditions for their execution are created, but no later than a certain period: the norms on punishment in the form of compulsory labor — no later than 2004, on punishment in the form of restriction of freedom — no later than 2005, and on punishment in the form of arrest — no later than 2006.
375:
well as to military personnel of
Russian military units stationed outside Russia (unless otherwise provided an international agreement). The application of liability measures in this case (in accordance with the amendments made to the Criminal Code of Russia in 2006) is not dependent on whether the committed act is considered a crime in a foreign state (Article 12 of the Criminal Code of Russia).
255:
forms and types, provisions concerning unfinished criminal activity, complicity in a crime, punishment, its types, purposes and the order of appointment, cases when a person can be released from criminal liability and punishment, the specifics of the criminal liability of minors, the concept and content of other measures of a criminal nature.
292:
establishes that a criminal law that eliminates the criminality of an act, mitigates punishment or otherwise improves the situation of the person who committed the crime has retroactive effect. In no other cases can the criminal law be retroactive, this is prohibited by
Article 54 of the Constitution of Russia.
352:
located on them: drilling rigs, artificial islands, underwater cables). The situation is similar with the exercise of criminal jurisdiction on the territory of the exclusive economic zone: it applies only to acts related to the illegal creation of security zones in it and the use of its natural resources.
271:
of a digital designation, written with a dot or an upper index: 104.1 or 104. In case of exclusion of an article, the numbering of other articles also does not change, and a corresponding entry is made in place of the excluded article (Federal Law No. <number>—FZ of DD.MM.YYYY has become invalid).
767:
Criminal law of Russia. Practical course / Under the general editorship of A. I. Bastrykin; under the scientific editorship of A.V. Naumova. M., 2007. p. 27; Ruling of the
Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated January 16, 2001 No. 1-O "In the case of checking the constitutionality
757:
Definition of the
Constitutional Court of Russia dated 10.07.2003 N 270-O "On refusal to accept for consideration the request of the Kurgan City Court of the Kurgan region to verify the constitutionality of Part one of Article 3, Article 10 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and paragraph
378:
Foreign citizens and stateless persons who are not residents of Russia are also liable under the Criminal Code of Russia if the crime committed by them is directed against the interests of Russia or its citizens or residents (the real principle of operation of the criminal law), or responsibility for
311:
In such a situation, the question arises of the application of the interim criminal law to acts committed before its entry into force, if the sentencing is carried out after the entry into force of the new criminal law. The positions of scientists and judicial practice on this issue are contradictory
287:
According to Article 9 of the Criminal Code of Russia, the criminality and punishability of an act are determined by the criminal law in force at the time of the commission of this act. At the same time, the time of commission of a crime is recognized as the time of commission of a socially dangerous
210:
Article 226.1 deals with “Smuggling of strong, venomous, poisonous, explosive, radioactive substances, radiation sources, nuclear materials, firearms or their main parts, explosive devices". Article 228 concerns “Illegal acquisition, storage, transportation, manufacture, processing of narcotic drugs,
363:
The Tokyo Convention on Crimes and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft of 1963 establishes that with respect to crimes committed on board aircraft of other States located in territorial airspace, criminal jurisdiction is exercised only if the crime has consequences on the territory of the
295:
If the new criminal law decriminalizes (recognizes as unapproachable) any act, from the moment of its entry into force, all criminal cases on such an act, for which a preliminary investigation or judicial review is being conducted, should be terminated, and persons already serving sentences for such
270:
The Code uses a continuous numbering of articles, chapters and sections. If new articles or chapters are included in the code, the numbering of existing ones does not change, and the added articles or chapters receive the number of the structural unit of the code closest in content with the addition
234:
Although the history of Russian criminal law is known for uncodified acts of criminal legislation, since the middle of the XIX century, Russian criminal legislation has been codified. Currently, Russia also has a codified criminal law — the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which entered into
303:
In practice, there are cases when, in the period between the commission of a crime and sentencing, the criminal law is changed repeatedly, and the "intermediate" criminal law is milder (up to the decriminalization of the act) than the one in force at the time of the commission of the act or the one
254:
The general part includes 6 sections, 17 chapters and articles 1-104. Its norms define the general principles and provisions of criminal law, the limits of the criminal law in time and space, the concept and categories of crimes, persons subject to criminal responsibility, the concept of guilt, its
238:
In accordance with part 1 of Article 1 of the Criminal Code, it is the only criminal law to be applied on the territory of Russia. All other laws providing for criminal liability are subject to inclusion in the Criminal Code. Therefore, all legislative acts of this nature are adopted in the form of
227:
In the Russian Federation, in accordance with paragraph "o" of Article 71 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the adoption of criminal legislation is attributed to the exclusive competence of federal state authorities. The authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
355:
The Criminal Code of Russia also applies to manned objects launched by the Russian Federation into outer space, water and aircraft under the flag or with the identification marks of Russia assigned to a port or airport of Russia, located in the open sea or open airspace, as well as naval ships and
307:
Thus, Federal Law No. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 declared Article 129 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provided for liability for libel, invalid from December 8, 2011. Federal Law No. 141-FZ of July 28, 2012 (which entered into force on August 10, 2012) re-introduced liability
283:
Federal laws introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of Russia may also specify a special period for their entry into force. If such a deadline is not specified, the general procedure set out in the Federal Law of June 14, 1994 "On the Procedure for the Publication and Entry into
374:
The Criminal Code of Russia also extends its effect to Russian citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in Russia who have committed a crime on the territory of a foreign state, provided that there is no court decision of that state (the principle of citizenship) in respect of them, as
351:
On the territory of the continental shelf, Russia's criminal jurisdiction does not extend to the waters and airspace covering it and, in this regard, is carried out only with respect to crimes related to the violation of the regime of this territory (including those relating to artificial objects
299:
The issue of the possibility of applying the retroactive force of the law is controversial if decriminalization occurs due to a change in a normative act of another branch of law to which the Criminal Code makes reference (for example, Traffic Rules). In one of its definitions, the Constitutional
364:
State, or is committed by a citizen (resident) or against a citizen (resident) of such a state, or is directed against the security of the state, or is associated with a violation of the rules of air flights, or if intervention is required to fulfill the international obligations of this State.
320:
In accordance with Part 1 of Article 11 of the Criminal Code of Russia, it extends its effect to the entire territory of the Russian Federation (the territorial principle of the criminal law in space). The territory of the Russian Federation for the purposes of determining the boundaries of the
359:
International law establishes restrictions on the exercise of Russia's criminal jurisdiction over crimes committed on board ships flying the flag of foreign States located within the territorial sea of Russia and aircraft of such States located within the airspace of Russia. Art. 27 of the UN
279:
The procedure for the entry into force of the Criminal Code of Russia is set out in the special federal law "On the Entry into Force of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation". According to him, the Criminal Code of Russia entered into force on January 1, 1997, with the exception of some
258:
The special part of the Code consists of 6 sections, 19 chapters and articles 105-361, and describes the composition of specific crimes, as well as lists sanctions (types and sizes of punishments) for their commission. The system of the Special part of the Criminal Code of Russia reflects the
404:
was added to the criminal code, as Article No. 207.3, titled "Public dissemination of knowingly false information about the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." The new law provides for a prison sentence of up to 15 years for knowingly disseminating false information about the
291:
As an exception, a criminal law may be retroactive, that is, its effect extends to persons who committed a crime before the entry into force of such a law, including persons serving a sentence or who have served a sentence but have a criminal record. Article 10 of the Criminal Code of Russia
296:
an act are subject to release. According to Part 2 of Article 10 of the Criminal Code of Russia, if a new criminal law mitigates the punishment for an act that is being served by a person, then this punishment is subject to reduction within the limits provided for by the new criminal law.
165:
The UGKRF is a declarative document. It begins with in Article 2 a list of "tasks", such as "the protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, property, public order and public security, the environment, and the constitutional system of the Russian Federation against criminal
214:
Article 359 states that “Recruitment, training, financing, or any other material provision of a mercenary, and also the use of him in an armed conflict or hostilities, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of four to eight years”, so in theory to organize a
729:
Paragraph 6 of the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of Russia dated 24.10.1996 № 17-P "In the case of checking the constitutionality of the first part of Article 2 of the Federal Law of March 7, 1996 "On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Excise
262:
Criminal law norms are contained in articles of the Code, while one article may contain either one or several criminal law norms. Most of the articles of the code are divided into parts that are separated into a separate paragraph and have a numeric designation
259:
priorities of criminal law protection: crimes against the individual are put in the first place in it, and only then crimes in the field of economics, against public safety and public order, state power, military service, peace and security of mankind.
288:
action (inaction), regardless of the time of the onset of consequences. In continuing crimes, this moment is determined by the moment of the last of the actions, in continuing ones — by the moment of voluntary or compulsory termination of the crime.
334:
The territorial sea of the Russian Federation is a 12—nautical-mile-wide sea belt adjacent to the land territory or to the internal sea waters, measured from the baselines specified in international legal acts (the low tide line along the coast,
267:). Parts of the articles include paragraphs that have a letter designation. In addition, in some articles of the Special Part of the Code there are notes where criminal law concepts are disclosed or criminal law institutions are formulated.
242:
The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of Russia, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, as well as on the norms contained in Russia's international legal obligations.
367:
Thus, the law of the flag State applies to all other crimes committed on board aircraft and ships. The same applies to Russian ships and aircraft located within the territorial sea and airspace of foreign states.
1493:
392:
Was modified in October 2013 Article 208, outlawing the "Organization of, or Participation in, Illegal Armed Units" in foreign countries. The penalty is a six-year incarceration.
2017:
157:
the Criminal Correctional Code to regulate the conditions of the sentences. The first Criminal Procedural Code was enacted on 18 December 2001; it has subsequently been amended.
371:
International law may establish exceptions from the territorial criminal jurisdiction of Russia. One of the most well-known such exceptions is diplomatic and consular immunity.
1710:
1327:
926:
597:
Vashkevich, Alla Vasilyevna; Nikishkin, Aleksander Vladimirovich; Epifanov, Boris Vasilyevich; Ramazanov, Ramin Anatolievich; Smorodina, Victoria Anatolievna (2021).
2326:
331:
Inland sea waters of the Russian Federation located offshore from the baselines from which the width of the territorial sea of the Russian Federation is measured.
889:
638:
777:
Yakubov A. E. The Retroactive force of the criminal law: some problems of improving the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. St. Petersburg, 2003. p. 173.
1115:
135:
concerning criminal offences. The 1996 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (UGKRF) came into force on 1 January 1997. The new Criminal Code replaced the
1207:
758:
13 of Article 397 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation" // Bulletin of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. No. 5. 2003.
1167:
840:
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967
2092:
1629:
1534:
1449:
976:
2333:
1750:
2229:
1845:
1508:
1187:
1144:
2397:
2179:
1891:
583:
1066:
379:
this act is provided for by an international treaty of the Russian Federation (the universal principle of operation of the criminal law).
2122:
1624:
1243:
2057:
1946:
1881:
1182:
569:
1041:
494:
2407:
1805:
1788:
1454:
416:
698:
251:
The Code is a codified normative act (code), characterized by internal unity and consisting of two parts (General and Special).
1599:
1137:
187:
as of 16 March 2022, ceased to be a party to the convention with effect from 16 September 2022 in accordance with Article 58.
2204:
1830:
1263:
180:
683:
873:
231:
In accordance with article 105 of the Constitution of Russia, the body authorized to adopt federal laws is the State Duma.
2392:
2000:
1715:
1539:
1499:
1253:
1177:
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132:
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1654:
1644:
1609:
1489:
1364:
1349:
1003:
969:
599:"Problems of determining the mental element in crime under article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation"
434:
that would remove criminal liability for actions by Russian forces and their proxies in the occupied territories of
2244:
2077:
1859:
1840:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1317:
1197:
948:
2296:
2276:
2249:
2005:
1765:
1524:
1403:
1332:
1212:
420:
190:
According to some orthodox conmparstivists, lawyers in Russia are substantially concerned with the principle of
1810:
1649:
1619:
1484:
1398:
1307:
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216:
415:
interpreted section 207.3 to have the effect of criminalising the use of the term "invasion" to describe the
2402:
2387:
2316:
2291:
2127:
1976:
1936:
1639:
1584:
1337:
456:
41:
356:
military aircraft located under the flag or identification marks of Russia (regardless of their location).
2254:
2112:
2082:
2037:
1988:
1983:
1916:
1800:
1760:
1720:
1554:
1464:
1459:
1280:
1192:
1059:
962:
851:
748:
Criminal law of Russia. Parts General and Special: textbook / Edited by A. I. Raroga. M., 2008. pp. 22-23.
711:
Criminal law of Russia. Parts General and Special: textbook / Edited by A. I. Raroga. M., 2008. pp. 15-16.
525:
200:
328:
The internal waters of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water located within the State border of Russia.
2281:
2022:
1995:
1956:
1896:
1695:
1664:
1574:
1322:
1258:
508:
17:
795:
Zaitsev L., Tishkevich I., Gorelik I. Do intermediate laws work? // Soviet justice. 1966. No. 1. p. 7.
739:
Criminal law of Russia. Parts General and Special: textbook / Edited by A. I. Raroga. M., 2008. p. 22.
720:
Criminal law of Russia. Parts General and Special: textbook / Edited by A. I. Raroga. M., 2008. p. 18.
2311:
2219:
2214:
1966:
1901:
1659:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1549:
1544:
1504:
1011:
451:
406:
401:
77:
49:
1295:
822:
criminal law. General part / Rel. edited by I. Ya. Kozachenko, Z. A. Neznamov. Moscow, 2001, p. 39.
2306:
2062:
2012:
1931:
1835:
1669:
1614:
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1564:
1559:
1514:
1474:
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1088:
87:
2234:
2209:
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2159:
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1971:
1951:
1941:
1911:
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1815:
1755:
1745:
1604:
1427:
1413:
1408:
1354:
1290:
1100:
768:
of Note 2 to Article 158 of the Criminal Code of Russia" // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2001. February 3.
620:
439:
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2104:
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2027:
1876:
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1528:
1312:
1248:
1238:
1202:
1105:
1071:
1049:
994:
881:
184:
927:"Russia: Proposed bill that removes criminal liability for war crimes is 'impunity made law'"
2301:
2239:
2194:
2137:
2042:
1961:
1926:
1735:
1386:
1285:
1093:
610:
551:
124:
542:
Andreev, Boris (2002). "Russia non bis in idem principle in internationaland russian law".
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1906:
1300:
1275:
1054:
411:
176:
171:
147:. Most of the other chapters were already amended to correspond to new Russian realities.
831:
Russian criminal law. General part / Edited by V. S. Komissarova. SPb., 2005. p. 71.
2259:
2132:
1393:
1359:
1083:
1036:
144:
140:
2381:
2366:
2271:
1780:
1519:
1110:
624:
427:
154:
151:
495:"CRIMINAL-PROCEDURAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 174-FZ OF DECEMBER 18, 2001"
2147:
1132:
1122:
615:
598:
136:
913:"[RU] CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR "FALSE REPORTS" AND "HARMFUL CALLS" EXPANDED"
1342:
1149:
1026:
660:
438:
so long as said crimes were committed ‘aimed at protecting the interests of the
423:
to use the official term "special military operation" to refer to the invasion.
786:
Kudryavtsev V. N. General theory of crime qualification. M., 1972. pp. 336-337.
175:
seemed to apply to Russian criminal law. In 2009 the plaintiff won the case of
1371:
1031:
1021:
431:
885:
1016:
912:
555:
943:
192:
526:"THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 63-FZ OF JUNE 13, 1996"
514:. International Money Laundering Information Network. December 28, 2004.
509:"THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NO. 63-FZ OF JUNE 13, 1996"
1376:
813:
Brainin Ya. M. Criminal law and its application. M., 1967. pp. 150-153.
699:"Putin's Proxies: Examining Russia's Use of Private Military Companies"
435:
584:"Russia ceases to be party to the European Convention on Human Rights"
183:
still held sway in the country. Russia, having been expelled from the
985:
67:
129:Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации, frequently abbreviated УК РФ
954:
1494:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
204:
958:
867:
865:
572:(Press release). Strasbourg: Council of Europe. March 16, 2022.
570:"The Russian Federation is excluded from the Council of Europe"
228:
do not have the right to adopt acts of criminal legislation.
684:"What Laws Constrain This Russian Private Military Company?"
804:
Durmanov N. D. Soviet Criminal Law. M., 1967. P. 275.
874:"In Putin's Russia, 'fake news' now means real news"
2103:
1858:
1682:
1426:
1225:
1160:
1002:
993:
701:. Center for Strategic & International Studies.
101:
93:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
34:
316:The action of the Criminal Code of Russia in space
275:The effect of the Criminal Code of Russia in time
239:amendments and additions to the Criminal Code.
223:Criminal legislation of the Russian Federation
196:, although they may not recognize it as such.
970:
531:. World Trade Organization. December 6, 2007.
419:, and forcing journalists and citizens using
139:analogue of 1960. The main changes deal with
8:
929:. Amnesty International. December 16, 2022.
1864:
1688:
1432:
1231:
999:
977:
963:
955:
497:. World Trade Organization. March 1, 2012.
474:
472:
614:
586:. Council of Europe. September 16, 2022.
1630:Collective Security Treaty Organization
949:Full text of Criminal Code (in English)
944:Full text of Criminal Code (in Russian)
481:Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
479:Butler, William E. (October 19, 1999).
468:
18:Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
697:Doxsee, Catrina (September 15, 2022).
199:The UGKRF establishes criminality for
31:
27:Prime source of criminal law in Russia
1188:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
7:
2327:Unified Sports Classification System
850:Weiss, Michael (November 21, 2013).
304:in force at the time of sentencing.
915:. European Audiovisual Observatory.
892:from the original on March 15, 2022
852:"The Case of the Keystone Cossacks"
544:Revue Internationale de Droit Pénal
1625:Commonwealth of Independent States
347:Exclusive Economic Zone of Russia.
321:Criminal Code of Russia includes:
219:is in Russia fraught with danger.
25:
682:Perovic, Zarko (March 23, 2021).
169:As late as 2002 the principle of
417:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
344:The continental shelf of Russia.
40:
872:Oremus, Will (March 11, 2022).
911:Richter, Andrei (March 2022).
247:Structure of the Criminal Code
181:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1535:Political abuse of psychiatry
639:"Country: Russian Federation"
150:On 8 January 1997, President
133:Law of the Russian Federation
131:) is the prime source of the
2180:Traditions and superstitions
616:10.1051/shsconf/202110802010
426:On 13 December occurred the
2398:Russian federal legislation
1846:Water supply and sanitation
2424:
235:force on January 1, 1997.
2346:
1867:
1691:
1435:
1234:
483:(1st ed.). Springer.
128:
109:
39:
1620:Prime Minister of Russia
686:. The Lawfare Institute.
217:private military company
2408:Legal history of Russia
2058:Social entrepreneurship
1947:Forced public apologies
1882:Anti-American sentiment
457:Offences Code of Russia
35:Criminal Code of Russia
1806:Social security system
1789:Science and technology
1455:Classified information
1281:Central Russian Upland
603:SHS Web of Conferences
421:online social networks
201:Trafficking in persons
2267:Russian tsars regalia
1600:Intelligence agencies
1323:Great Russian Regions
1067:Expansion (1500-1800)
556:10.3917/ridp.733.1065
338:The bowels of Russia.
121:Russian Criminal Code
2393:Russian criminal law
2334:World Heritage sites
1711:Droughts and famines
1264:Environmental issues
1012:Proto-Indo-Europeans
452:Civil Code of Russia
407:Russian Armed Forces
402:Russia fake news law
203:(article 127-1) and
78:Parliament of Russia
50:Parliament of Russia
2185:Forms of addressing
1794:Academy of Sciences
1751:Financial districts
1615:President of Russia
1540:Political divisions
1500:Freedom of assembly
1382:West Siberian Plain
1128:Great Patriotic War
1089:February Revolution
400:In March 2022, the
177:Zolotukhin v Russia
88:President of Russia
2235:Russian given name
1821:Telecommunications
1771:Petroleum industry
1635:State of emergency
1480:Far-right politics
1445:Capital punishment
1291:Meshchera Lowlands
1145:Russian Federation
1101:October Revolution
440:Russian Federation
64:Territorial extent
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2255:Coat of arms
2215:Martial arts
2123:Army culture
2113:Architecture
2083:Witch trials
2038:Prostitution
1984:Human rights
1917:Demographics
1831:Trade unions
1801:Shipbuilding
1761:Homelessness
1721:Central Bank
1716:Car industry
1555:Conservatism
1469:
1465:Constitution
1460:Conscription
1133:Eastern Bloc
1123:Soviet Union
1116:Russian SFSR
1046:Feudal Rus'
921:
906:
894:. Retrieved
877:
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665:. Retrieved
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97:13 June 1996
29:
2307:tea culture
2160:Fairy tales
2023:Open access
1996:Immigration
1957:Gun control
1696:Agriculture
1665:Term limits
1575:Martial law
1570:Nationalism
1565:Irredentism
1560:Imperialism
1343:Caspian Sea
1259:Environment
1254:Earthquakes
1150:Union State
1138:Dissolution
1037:Kievan Rus'
1027:Early Slavs
550:(3): 1065.
2382:Categories
2312:Television
2287:Philosophy
2220:Mass media
2210:Literature
2205:Inventions
1967:Healthcare
1902:Corruption
1892:Censorship
1783:(currency)
1660:Separatism
1605:Opposition
1590:Neo-Nazism
1580:Monarchism
1550:Liberalism
1545:Propaganda
1505:Government
1372:North Asia
1173:Journalism
1032:East Slavs
1022:Sarmatians
641:. UN Women
463:References
432:State Duma
179:while the
2170:Festivals
2063:Sociology
2013:Languages
1932:Education
1836:Transport
1670:Terrorism
1515:Judiciary
1509:Apparatus
1475:Elections
1440:Anarchism
1414:Far North
1365:Volcanoes
1350:Mountains
1227:Geography
1106:Civil war
1017:Scythians
896:March 14,
886:0190-8286
667:March 26,
645:March 26,
625:236720131
609:: 02010.
102:Commenced
2362:Category
2240:Nobility
2200:Internet
2195:Heraldry
2190:Graffiti
2175:Folklore
2118:Armorial
2048:Religion
2033:Polygamy
1972:HIV/AIDS
1952:Funerals
1942:Feminism
1912:Deafness
1897:Citizens
1887:Cannabis
1872:Abortion
1816:Taxation
1756:Gambling
1746:Forestry
1595:Military
1428:Politics
1409:Wildlife
1355:Caucasus
1318:Glaciers
1198:Military
1183:Internet
1161:By topic
1055:Vladimir
1050:Novgorod
1004:Timeline
890:Archived
663:. RUSADA
446:See also
193:mens rea
161:Synopsis
56:Citation
2353:Outline
2165:Fashion
2155:Fashion
2143:Cuisine
2105:Culture
2093:in army
2078:Wedding
2073:Suicide
2068:Smoking
2053:Slavery
2028:Orphans
2001:Illegal
1877:Alcohol
1860:Society
1826:Tourism
1706:Banking
1684:Economy
1529:Prisons
1377:Siberia
1333:Islands
1313:Geology
1249:Climate
1239:Borders
1203:Outline
1178:Judaism
1168:Economy
995:History
730:Taxes".
436:Ukraine
152:Yeltsin
125:Russian
113:Amended
111:Status:
2367:Portal
2322:Sports
2250:Anthem
2138:Cinema
2133:Ballet
2043:Racism
2006:Labour
1962:Health
1927:Doping
1781:Ruble
1766:Mining
1736:Energy
1399:Rivers
1308:Fjords
1208:Postal
1060:Moscow
986:Russia
951:(1996)
884:
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409:. The
335:etc.).
155:signed
137:Soviet
94:Signed
68:Russia
2272:Opera
2225:Music
2088:Women
1989:LGBTQ
1907:Crime
1841:Waste
1360:Urals
1338:Lakes
621:S2CID
529:(PDF)
512:(PDF)
325:Land.
59:63-ФЗ
2260:Flag
2148:Wine
2128:Arts
1193:LGBT
1077:Army
898:2022
882:ISSN
669:2023
647:2023
396:2022
388:2013
205:Rape
143:and
119:The
1520:Law
611:doi
607:108
552:doi
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